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• Physical Directories vs. MVC View Paths

  - by Rick Strahl

  This post falls into the bucket of operator error on my part, but I want to share this anyway because it describes an issue that has bitten me a few times now and writing it down might keep it a little stronger in my mind. I've been working on an MVC project the last few days, and at the end of a long day I accidentally moved one of my View folders from the MVC Root Folder to the project root. It must have been at the very end of the day before shutting down because tests and manual site navigation worked fine just before I quit for the night. I checked in changes and called it a night. Next day I came back, started running the app and had a lot of breaks with certain views. Oddly custom routes to these controllers/views worked, but stock /{controller}/{action} routes would not. After a bit of spelunking I realized that "Hey one of my View Folders is missing", which made some sense given the error messages I got. I looked in the recycle bin - nothing there, so rather than try to figure out what the hell happened, just restored from my last SVN checkin. At this point the folders are back… but… view access  still ends up breaking for this set of views. Specifically I'm getting the Yellow Screen of Death with: CS0103: The name 'model' does not exist in the current context Here's the full error: Server Error in '/ClassifiedsWeb' Application. Compilation ErrorDescription: An error occurred during the compilation of a resource required to service this request. Please review the following specific error details and modify your source code appropriately.Compiler Error Message: CS0103: The name 'model' does not exist in the current contextSource Error: Line 1: @model ClassifiedsWeb.EntryViewModel Line 2: @{ Line 3: ViewBag.Title = Model.Entry.Title + " - " + ClassifiedsBusiness.App.Configuration.ApplicationName; Source File: c:\Projects2010\Clients\GorgeNet\Classifieds\ClassifiedsWeb\Classifieds\Show.cshtml    Line: 1 Compiler Warning Messages: Show Detailed Compiler Output: Show Complete Compilation Source: Version Information: Microsoft .NET Framework Version:4.0.30319; ASP.NET Version:4.0.30319.272 Here's what's really odd about this error: The views now do exist in the /Views/Classifieds folder of the project, but it appears like MVC is trying to execute the views directly. This is getting pretty weird, man! So I hook up some break points in my controllers to see if my controller actions are getting fired - and sure enough it turns out they are not - but only for those views that were previously 'lost' and then restored from SVN. WTF? At this point I'm thinking that I must have messed up one of the config files, but after some more spelunking and realizing that all the other Controller views work, I give up that idea. Config's gotta be OK if other controllers and views are working. Root Folders and MVC Views don't mix As I mentioned the problem was the fact that I inadvertantly managed to drag my View folder to the root folder of the project. Here's what this looks like in my FUBAR'd project structure after I copied back /Views/Classifieds folder from SVN: There's the actual root folder in the /Views folder and the accidental copy that sits of the root. I of course did not notice the /Classifieds folder at the root because it was excluded and didn't show up in the project. Now, before you call me a complete idiot remember that this happened by accident - an accidental drag probably just before shutting down for the night. :-) So why does this break? MVC should be happy with views in the /Views/Classifieds folder right? While MVC might be happy, IIS is not. The fact that there is a physical folder on disk takes precedence over MVC's routing. In other words if a URL exists that matches a route the pysical path is accessed first. What happens here is that essentially IIS is trying to execute the .cshtml pages directly without ever routing to the Controller methods. In the error page I showed above my clue should have been that the view was served as: c:\Projects2010\Clients\GorgeNet\Classifieds\ClassifiedsWeb\Classifieds\Show.cshtml rather than c:\Projects2010\Clients\GorgeNet\Classifieds\ClassifiedsWeb\Views\Classifieds\Show.cshtml But of course I didn't notice that right away, just skimming to the end and looking at the file name. The reason that /classifieds/list actually fires that file is that the ASP.NET Web Pages engine looks for physical files on disk that match a path. IOW, when calling Web Pages you drop the .cshtml off the Razor page and IIS will serve that just fine. So: /classifieds/list looks and tries to find /classifieds/list.cshtml and executes that script. And that is exactly what's happening. Web Pages is trying to execute the .cshtml file and it fails because Web Pages knows nothing about the @model tag which is an MVC specific template extension. This is why my breakpoints in the controller methods didn't fire and it also explains why the error mentions that the @model key word is invalid (@model is an MVC provided template enhancement to the Razor Engine). The solution of course is super simple: Delete the accidentally created root folder and the problem is solved. Routing and Physical Paths I've run into problems with this before actually. In the past I've had a number of applications that had a physical /Admin folder which also would conflict with an MVC Admin controller. More than once I ended up wondering why the index route (/Admin/) was not working properly. If a physical /Admin folder exists /Admin will not route to the Index action (or whatever default action you have set up, but instead try to list the directory or show the default document in the folder. The only way to force the index page through MVC is to explicitly use /Admin/Index. Makes perfect sense once you realize the physical folder is there, but that's easy to forget in an MVC application. As you might imagine after a few times of running into this I gave up on the Admin folder and moved everything into MVC views to handle those operations. Still it's one of those things that can easily bite you, because the behavior and error messages seem to point at completely different  problems. Moral of the story is: If you see routing problems where routes are not reaching obvious controller methods, always check to make sure there's isn't a physical path being mapped by IIS instead. That way you won't feel stupid like I did after trying a million things for about an hour before discovering my sloppy mousing behavior :-)© Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2012Posted in MVC   IIS7   Tweet !function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js";fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document,"script","twitter-wjs"); (function() { var po = document.createElement('script'); po.type = 'text/javascript'; po.async = true; po.src = 'https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(po, s); })();

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• Accessing SharePoint 2010 Data with REST/OData on Windows Phone 7

  - by Jan Tielens

  Consuming SharePoint 2010 data in Windows Phone 7 applications using the CTP version of the developer tools is quite a challenge. The issue is that the SharePoint 2010 data is not anonymously available; users need to authenticate to be able to access the data. When I first tried to access SharePoint 2010 data from my first Hello-World-type Windows Phone 7 application I thought “Hey, this should be easy!” because Windows Phone 7 development based on Silverlight and SharePoint 2010 has a Client Object Model for Silverlight. Unfortunately you can’t use the Client Object Model of SharePoint 2010 on the Windows Phone platform; there’s a reference to an assembly that’s not available (System.Windows.Browser). My second thought was “OK, no problem!” because SharePoint 2010 also exposes a REST/OData API to access SharePoint data. Using the REST API in SharePoint 2010 is as easy as making a web request for a URL (in which you specify the data you’d like to retrieve), e.g. http://yoursiteurl/_vti_bin/listdata.svc/Announcements. This is very easy to accomplish in a Silverlight application that’s running in the context of a page in a SharePoint site, because the credentials of the currently logged on user are automatically picked up and passed to the WCF service. But a Windows Phone application is of course running outside of the SharePoint site’s page, so the application should build credentials that have to be passed to SharePoint’s WCF service. This turns out to be a small challenge in Silverlight 3, the WebClient doesn’t support authentication; there is a Credentials property but when you set it and make the request you get a NotImplementedException exception. Probably this issued will be solved in the very near future, since Silverlight 4 does support authentication, and there’s already a WCF Data Services download that uses this new platform feature of Silverlight 4. So when Windows Phone platform switches to Silverlight 4, you can just use the WebClient to get the data. Even more, if the OData Client Library for Windows Phone 7 gets updated after that, things should get even easier! By the way: the things I’m writing in this paragraph are just assumptions that I make which make a lot of sense IMHO, I don’t have any info all of this will happen, but I really hope so. So are SharePoint developers out of the Windows Phone development game until they get this fixed? Well luckily not, when the HttpWebRequest class is being used instead, you can pass credentials! Using the HttpWebRequest class is slightly more complex than using the WebClient class, but the end result is that you have access to your precious SharePoint 2010 data. The following code snippet is getting all the announcements of an Annoucements list in a SharePoint site: HttpWebRequest webReq =     (HttpWebRequest)HttpWebRequest.Create("http://yoursite/_vti_bin/listdata.svc/Announcements");webReq.Credentials = new NetworkCredential("username", "password"); webReq.BeginGetResponse(    (result) => {        HttpWebRequest asyncReq = (HttpWebRequest)result.AsyncState;         XDocument xdoc = XDocument.Load(            ((HttpWebResponse)asyncReq.EndGetResponse(result)).GetResponseStream());         XNamespace ns = "http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom";        var items = from item in xdoc.Root.Elements(ns + "entry")                    select new { Title = item.Element(ns + "title").Value };         this.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() =>        {            foreach (var item in items)                MessageBox.Show(item.Title);        });    }, webReq); When you try this in a Windows Phone 7 application, make sure you add a reference to the System.Xml.Linq assembly, because the code uses Linq to XML to parse the resulting Atom feed, so the Title of every announcement is being displayed in a MessageBox. Check out my previous post if you’d like to see a more polished sample Windows Phone 7 application that displays SharePoint 2010 data.When you plan to use this technique, it’s of course a good idea to encapsulate the code doing the request, so it becomes really easy to get the data that you need. In the following code snippet you can find the GetAtomFeed method that gets the contents of any Atom feed, even if you need to authenticate to get access to the feed. delegate void GetAtomFeedCallback(Stream responseStream); public MainPage(){    InitializeComponent();     SupportedOrientations = SupportedPageOrientation.Portrait |         SupportedPageOrientation.Landscape;     string url = "http://yoursite/_vti_bin/listdata.svc/Announcements";    string username = "username";    string password = "password";    string domain = "";     GetAtomFeed(url, username, password, domain, (s) =>    {        XNamespace ns = "http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom";        XDocument xdoc = XDocument.Load(s);         var items = from item in xdoc.Root.Elements(ns + "entry")                    select new { Title = item.Element(ns + "title").Value };         this.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() =>        {            foreach (var item in items)            {                MessageBox.Show(item.Title);            }        });    });} private static void GetAtomFeed(string url, string username,     string password, string domain, GetAtomFeedCallback cb){    HttpWebRequest webReq = (HttpWebRequest)HttpWebRequest.Create(url);    webReq.Credentials = new NetworkCredential(username, password, domain);     webReq.BeginGetResponse(        (result) =>        {            HttpWebRequest asyncReq = (HttpWebRequest)result.AsyncState;            HttpWebResponse resp = (HttpWebResponse)asyncReq.EndGetResponse(result);            cb(resp.GetResponseStream());        }, webReq);}

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• Charms and the App Bar

  - by Dennis Vroegop

  Ok. I admit. I made a mistake in the last post about our planespotter app. I have dedicated a full part of the hub to Social. I also had a section called Friends but that made sense since I said that “Friends” is a special group of people that connect to each other through our app and only our app. Social however is sharing our spots with Twitter, Facebook and so on. Now, we could write that functionality in our app in a different section but there is one small problem with that: users don’t expect that. Ok, I admit. The mistake was quite deliberate to give me an excuse to write this part. But still: the mistake is one I see a lot. People are trying to do stuff in their application that they shouldn’t be doing. This always strike me as slightly odd: why do some work when others have already done it for you and you can just use it? After all: good developers are lazy (lazy people will always try to find the easiest way to do something and in development land this usually means the cleanest and best to support way…) So. What is that part that Microsoft has done for us and we don’t have to do ourselves? The answer lies on the right hand of your Win8 screen: This is a screenshot of my tablet (as you can see I am writing this right now….) When I swipe my finger from out of the screen on the right inside the screen (or move the mouse to the upper right corner) this menu will appear. Next to settings and the start menu button we’ll find the Search and the Share charms. These are two ways that your app can share the information it contains with the rest of the world, or at least: the rest of your system. So don’t write a Search feature in your app. Don’t write a Share feature in your app. It’s here already. Users, once they are used to Windows 8, will use that feature and expect it to work. If it doesn’t, they won’t like your app and you can kiss you dreams of everlasting fame goodbye. So use these two. What are they? Well, simply they are parts of a contract. In your app you say somewhere in code that you are supporting Search and Share. So when the user selects Share the system will interrogate the current app in the foreground if it supports this feature. Your app will say “But why, yes, I do!” Then the system will ask the app “Ok then, wisecrack, then share!” and you will have to provide the system with some information about the format. Other applications have subscribed to be at the receiving end of the Share contract. They have told the system that they support Sharing (receiving) and which formats they understand. If one or more of them support the formats you specify, the user will see them. The user clicks / taps on the app of their choice and data is moved from your app to the new one. So if you say you support Facebook and Twitter users can post data from your app to these networks by selecting Share. The same applies to Search. Don’t make a “search” button in your app but use the contract to tell the system that you support search and use that instead. Users will be grateful (remember that bar with men/women/creatures that are waiting for you?) The more and more people get to know Windows 8, the more they will use this. And if you are one of the people who wrote an app that helped them learn the system, well, that’s even better. So. We don’t have a Share or a Search button. We do have other buttons. Most important: we probably need a “New Spot” button. And a “Filter” might be useful. Or someway to open the camera so you can add a picture to the spot. Where will be put those? The answer is the “Appbar” . This is a application / context aware menu that slides up from the bottom of the screen when you move your finger / mouse from below the screen into it. From above downwards works just as well. Here you see an example of the appbar from the People app. (click on it for a larger version). This appears whenever you slide your finger up from below of down from above. This is where you put your commands. Remember, this is context aware so this menu will change when you are in different parts of your app or when you have selected different items. There are a few conventions when you create this appbar. First, the items on the right are “General” items, meaning they have little to do with what is on the screen right now. I think this would be a great place to add our “New Spot” icon. On the far left are items associated with the current selected item or screen. So if you have a spot selected, the button for Add Photo should be visible here and on the left hand side. Not everything is as clear as this, but this is what you should strive for. Group items together. And please note: this is the only place in Metro design where we are allowed to use lines as separators. So when you want to separate a group of icons from another group, add a line. Also note the simplicity of the buttons. No colors, no lights or shadows, no 3D. After a couple of years of fancy almost realistic looking icons people have finally decided that hey, this is a virtual world: it’s ok to look virtual as well. So make things as readable and clear as possible and don’t try to duplicate nature. It’s all about the information, remember? (If you don’t remember I’d like to point you to a older blog post of mine about the what and why of Metro). So.. think about the buttons a bit and think about Share and Search. What will you put there? Remember: this is the way the users interact with your apps and while you shouldn’t judge a book by its covers when it comes to people, this isn’t entirely so when it comes to apps. People DO judge an app by its looks and the way it feels. Take advantage of that. History has learned that a crappy app with a GREAT user interface gets better reviews than a GREAT app with a lousy UI… I know: developers will find this extremely unfair but that’s the world we live in (No, I am not saying you should deliver rubbish apps). Next time: we’ll start by building the darn thing!

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• Reg Gets a Job at Red Gate (and what happens behind the scenes)

  - by red(at)work

  Mr Reg Gater works at one of Cambridge’s many high-tech companies. He doesn’t love his job, but he puts up with it because... well, it could be worse. Every day he drives to work around the Red Gate roundabout, wondering what his boss is going to blame him for today, and wondering if there could be a better job out there for him. By late morning he already feels like handing his notice in. He got the hacky look from his boss for being 5 minutes late, and then they ran out of tea. Again. He goes to the local sandwich shop for lunch, and picks up a Red Gate job menu and a Book of Red Gate while he’s waiting for his order. That night, he goes along to Cambridge Geek Nights and sees some very enthusiastic Red Gaters talking about the work they do; it sounds interesting and, of all things, fun. He takes a quick look at the job vacancies on the Red Gate website, and an hour later realises he’s still there – looking at videos, photos and people profiles. He especially likes the Red Gate’s Got Talent page, and is very impressed with Simon Johnson’s marathon time. He thinks that he’d quite like to work with such awesome people. It just so happens that Red Gate recently decided that they wanted to hire another hot shot team member. Behind the scenes, the wheels were set in motion: the recruitment team met with the hiring manager to understand exactly what they’re looking for, and to decide what interview tests to do, who will do the interviews, and to kick-start any interview training those people might need. Next up, a job description and job advert were written, and the job was put on the market. Reg applies, and his CV lands in the Recruitment team’s inbox and they open it up with eager anticipation that Reg could be the next awesome new starter. He looks good, and in a jiffy they’ve arranged an interview. Reg arrives for his interview, and is greeted by a smiley receptionist. She offers him a selection of drinks and he feels instantly relaxed. A couple of interviews and an assessment later, he gets a job offer. We make his day and he makes ours by accepting, and becoming one of the 60 new starters so far this year. Behind the scenes, things start moving all over again. The HR team arranges for a “Welcome” goodie box to be whisked out to him, prepares his contract, sends an email to Information Services (Or IS for short - we’ll come back to them), keeps in touch with Reg to make sure he knows what to expect on his first day, and of course asks him to fill in the all-important wiki questionnaire so his new colleagues can start to get to know him before he even joins. Meanwhile, the IS team see an email in SupportWorks from HR. They see that Reg will be starting in the sales team in a few days’ time, and they know exactly what to do. They pull out a new machine, and within minutes have used their automated deployment software to install every piece of software that a new recruit could ever need. They also check with Reg’s new manager to see if he has any special requirements that they could help with. Reg starts and is amazed to find a fully configured machine sitting on his desk, complete with stationery and all the other tools he’ll need to do his job. He feels even more cared for after he gets a workstation assessment, and realises he’d be comfier with an ergonomic keyboard and a footstool. They arrive minutes later, just like that. His manager starts him off on his induction and sales training. Along with job-specific training, he’ll also have a buddy to help him find his feet, and loads of pre-arranged demos and introductions. Reg settles in nicely, and is great at his job. He enjoys the canteen, and regularly eats one of the 40,000 meals provided each year. He gets used to the selection of teas that are available, develops a taste for champagne launch parties, and has his fair share of the 25,000 cups of coffee downed at Red Gate towers each year. He goes along to some Feel Good Fund events, and donates a little something to charity in exchange for a turn on the chocolate fountain. He’s looking a little scruffy, so he decides to get his hair cut in between meetings, just in time for the Red Gate birthday company photo. Reg starts a new project: identifying existing customers to up-sell to new bundles. He talks with the web team to generate lists of qualifying customers who haven’t recently been sent marketing emails, and sends emails out, using a new in-house developed tool to schedule follow-up calls in CRM for the same group. The customer responds, saying they’d like to upgrade but are having a licensing problem – Reg sends the issue to Support, and it gets routed to the web team. The team identifies a workaround, and the bug gets scheduled into the next maintenance release in a fortnight’s time (hey; they got lucky). With all the new stuff Reg is working on, he realises that he’d be way more efficient if he had a third monitor. He speaks to IS and they get him one - no argument. He also needs a test machine and then some extra memory. Done. He then thinks he needs an iPad, and goes to ask for one. He gets told to stop pushing his luck. Some time later, Reg’s wife has a baby, so Reg gets 2 weeks of paid paternity leave and a bunch of flowers sent to his house. He signs up to the childcare scheme so that he doesn’t have to pay National Insurance on the first £243 of his childcare. The accounts team makes it all happen seamlessly, as they did with his Give As You Earn payments, which come out of his wages and go straight to his favorite charity. Reg’s sales career is going well. He’s grateful for the help that he gets from the product support team. How do they answer all those 900-ish support calls so effortlessly each month? He’s impressed with the patches that are sent out to customers who find “interesting behavior” in their tools, and to the customers who just must have that new feature. A little later in his career at Red Gate, Reg decides that he’d like to learn about management. He goes on some management training specially customised for Red Gate, joins the Management Book Club, and gets together with other new managers to brainstorm how to get the most out of one to one meetings with his team. Reg decides to go for a game of Foosball to celebrate his good fortune with his team, and has to wait for Finance to finish. While he’s waiting, he reflects on the wonderful time he’s had at Red Gate. He can’t put his finger on what it is exactly, but he knows he’s on to a good thing. All of the stuff that happened to Reg didn’t just happen magically. We’ve got teams of people working relentlessly behind the scenes to make sure that everyone here is comfortable, safe, well fed and caffeinated to the max.

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• Personal Technology – Laptop Screen Blank – No Post – No BIOS – No Boot

  - by Pinal Dave

  If your laptop Screen is Blank and there is no POST, BIOS or boot, you can follow the steps mentioned here and there are chances that it will work if there is no hardware failure inside. Step 1: Remove the power cord from the laptop Step 2: Remove the battery from the laptop Step 3: Hold power button (keep it pressed) for almost 60 seconds Step 4: Plug power back in laptop Step 5: Start computer and it should just start normally. Step 6: Now shut down Step 7: Insert the battery back in the laptop Step 8: Start laptop again and it should work Note 1: If your laptop does not work after inserting back the memory. Remove the memory and repeat above process. Do not insert the battery back as it is malfunctioning. Note 2: If your screen is faulty or have issues with your hardware (motherboard, screen or anything else) this method will not fix your computer. Those, who care about how I come up with this not SQL related blog post, here is the very funny true story. If you are a married man, you will know what I am going to describe next. May be you have faced the same situation or at least you feel and understand my situation. My wife’s computer suddenly stops working when she was searching for my daughter’s mathematics worksheets online. While the fatal accident happened with my wife’s computer (which was my loyal computer for over 4 years before she got it), I was working in my home office, fixing a high priority issue (live order’s database was corrupted) with one of the largest eCommerce websites.  While I was working on production server where I was fixing database corruption, my wife ran to my home office. Here is how the conversation went: Wife: This computer does not work. I: Restart it. Wife: It does not start. I: What did you do with it? Wife: Nothing, it just stopped working. I: Okey, I will look into it later, working on the very urgent issue. Wife: I was printing my daughter’s worksheet. I: Hm.. Okey. Wife: It was the mathematics worksheet, which you promised you will teach but you never get around to do it, so I am doing it myself. I: Thanks. I appreciate it. I am very busy with this issue as million dollar transaction are not happening as the database got corrupted and … Wife: So what … umm… You mean to say that you care about this customer more than your daughter. You know she got A+ in every other class but in mathematics she got only A. She missed that extra credit question. I: She is only 4, it is okay. Wife: She is 4.5 years old not 4. So you are not going to fix this computer which does not start at all. I think our daughter next time will even get lower grades as her dad is busy fixing something. I: Alright, I give up bring me that computer. Our daughter who was listening everything so far she finally decided to speak up. Daughter: Dad, it is a laptop not computer. I: Yes, sweety get that laptop here and your dad is going to fix the this small issue of million dollar issue later on. I decided to pay attention to my wife’s computer. She was right. No matter what I do, it will not boot up, it will not start, no BIOS, no POST screen. The computer starts for a second but nothing comes up on the screen. The light indicating hard drive comes up for a second and goes off. Nothing happens. I removed every single USB drive from the laptop but it still would not start. It was indeed no fun for me. Finally I remember my days when I was not married and used to study in University of Southern California, Los Angeles. I remembered that I used to have very old second (or maybe third or fourth) hand computer with me. In polite words, I had pre-owned computer and it used to face very similar issues again and again. I had small routine I used to follow to fix my old computer and I had decided to follow the same steps again with this computer. Step 1: Remove the power cord from the laptop Step 2: Remove the battery from the laptop Step 3: Hold power button (keep it pressed) for almost 60 seconds Step 4: Plug power back in laptop Step 5: Start computer and it should just start normally. Step 6: Now shut down Step 7: Insert the battery back in the laptop Step 8: Start laptop again and it should work Note 1: If your laptop does not work after inserting back the memory. Remove the memory and repeat above process. Do not insert the battery back as it is malfunctioning. Note 2: If your screen is faulty or have issues with your hardware (motherboard, screen or anything else) this method will not fix your computer. Once I followed above process, her computer worked. I was very delighted, that now I can go back to solving the problem where millions of transactions were waiting as I was fixing corrupted database and it the current state of the database was in emergency mode. Once I fixed the computer, I looked at my wife and asked. I: Well, now this laptop is back online, can I get guaranteed that she will get A+ in mathematics in this week’s quiz? Wife: Sure, I promise. I: Fantastic. After saying that I started to look at my database corruption and my wife interrupted me again. Wife: Btw, I forgot to tell you. Our daughter had got A in mathematics last week but she had another quiz today and she already have received A+ there. I kept my promise. I looked at her and she started to walk outside room, before I say anything my phone rang. DBA from eCommerce company had called me, as he was wondering why there is no activity from my side in last 10 minutes. DBA: Hey bud, are you still connected. I see um… no activity in last 10 minutes. I: Oh, well, I was just saving the world. I am back now. After two hours I had fixed the database corruption and everything was normal. I was outsmarted by my wife but honestly I still respect and love her the same as she is the one who spends countless hours with our daughter so she does not miss me and I can continue writing blogs and keep on doing technology evangelism. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com)Filed under: PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Humor, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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• Network communications mechanisms for SQL Server

  - by Akshay Deep Lamba

  Problem I am trying to understand how SQL Server communicates on the network, because I'm having to tell my networking team what ports to open up on the firewall for an edge web server to communicate back to the SQL Server on the inside. What do I need to know? Solution In order to understand what needs to be opened where, let's first talk briefly about the two main protocols that are in common use today: TCP - Transmission Control Protocol UDP - User Datagram Protocol Both are part of the TCP/IP suite of protocols. We'll start with TCP. TCP TCP is the main protocol by which clients communicate with SQL Server. Actually, it is more correct to say that clients and SQL Server use Tabular Data Stream (TDS), but TDS actually sits on top of TCP and when we're talking about Windows and firewalls and other networking devices, that's the protocol that rules and controls are built around. So we'll just speak in terms of TCP. TCP is a connection-oriented protocol. What that means is that the two systems negotiate the connection and both agree to it. Think of it like a phone call. While one person initiates the phone call, the other person has to agree to take it and both people can end the phone call at any time. TCP is the same way. Both systems have to agree to the communications, but either side can end it at any time. In addition, there is functionality built into TCP to ensure that all communications can be disassembled and reassembled as necessary so it can pass over various network devices and be put together again properly in the right order. It also has mechanisms to handle and retransmit lost communications. Because of this functionality, TCP is the protocol used by many different network applications. The way the applications all can share is through the use of ports. When a service, like SQL Server, comes up on a system, it must listen on a port. For a default SQL Server instance, the default port is 1433. Clients connect to the port via the TCP protocol, the connection is negotiated and agreed to, and then the two sides can transfer information as needed until either side decides to end the communication. In actuality, both sides will have a port to use for the communications, but since the client's port is typically determined semi-randomly, when we're talking about firewalls and the like, typically we're interested in the port the server or service is using. UDP UDP, unlike TCP, is not connection oriented. A "client" can send a UDP communications to anyone it wants. There's nothing in place to negotiate a communications connection, there's nothing in the protocol itself to coordinate order of communications or anything like that. If that's needed, it's got to be handled by the application or by a protocol built on top of UDP being used by the application. If you think of TCP as a phone call, think of UDP as a postcard. I can put a postcard in the mail to anyone I want, and so long as it is addressed properly and has a stamp on it, the postal service will pick it up. Now, what happens it afterwards is not guaranteed. There's no mechanism for retransmission of lost communications. It's great for short communications that doesn't necessarily need an acknowledgement. Because multiple network applications could be communicating via UDP, it uses ports, just like TCP. The SQL Browser or the SQL Server Listener Service uses UDP. Network Communications - Talking to SQL Server When an instance of SQL Server is set up, what TCP port it listens on depends. A default instance will be set up to listen on port 1433. A named instance will be set to a random port chosen during installation. In addition, a named instance will be configured to allow it to change that port dynamically. What this means is that when a named instance starts up, if it finds something already using the port it normally uses, it'll pick a new port. If you have a named instance, and you have connections coming across a firewall, you're going to want to use SQL Server Configuration Manager to set a static port. This will allow the networking and security folks to configure their devices for maximum protection. While you can change the network port for a default instance of SQL Server, most people don't. Network Communications - Finding a SQL Server When just the name is specified for a client to connect to SQL Server, for instance, MySQLServer, this is an attempt to connect to the default instance. In this case the client will automatically attempt to communicate to port 1433 on MySQLServer. If you've switched the port for the default instance, you'll need to tell the client the proper port, usually by specifying the following syntax in the connection string: <server>,<port>. For instance, if you moved SQL Server to listen on 14330, you'd use MySQLServer,14330 instead of just MySQLServer. However, because a named instance sets up its port dynamically by default, the client never knows at the outset what the port is it should talk to. That's what the SQL Browser or the SQL Server Listener Service (SQL Server 2000) is for. In this case, the client sends a communication via the UDP protocol to port 1434. It asks, "Where is the named instance?" So if I was running a named instance called SQL2008R2, it would be asking the SQL Browser, "Hey, how do I talk to MySQLServer\SQL2008R2?" The SQL Browser would then send back a communications from UDP port 1434 back to the client telling the client how to talk to the named instance. Of course, you can skip all of this of you set that named instance's port statically. Then you can use the <server>,<port> mechanism to connect and the client won't try to talk to the SQL Browser service. It'll simply try to make the connection. So, for instance, is the SQL2008R2 instance was listening on port 20080, specifying MySQLServer,20080 would attempt a connection to the named instance. Network Communications - Named Pipes Named pipes is an older network library communications mechanism and it's generally not used any longer. It shouldn't be used across a firewall. However, if for some reason you need to connect to SQL Server with it, this protocol also sits on top of TCP. Named Pipes is actually used by the operating system and it has its own mechanism within the protocol to determine where to route communications. As far as network communications is concerned, it listens on TCP port 445. This is true whether we're talking about a default or named instance of SQL Server. The Summary Table To put all this together, here is what you need to know: Type of Communication Protocol Used Default Port Finding a SQL Server or SQL Server Named Instance UDP 1434 Communicating with a default instance of SQL Server TCP 1433 Communicating with a named instance of SQL Server TCP * Determined dynamically at start up Communicating with SQL Server via Named Pipes TCP 445

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• Mscorlib mocking minus the attribute

  - by mehfuzh

  Mocking .net framework members (a.k.a. mscorlib) is always a daunting task. It’s the breed of static and final methods and full of surprises. Technically intercepting mscorlib members is completely different from other class libraries. This is the reason it is dealt differently. Generally, I prefer writing a wrapper around an mscorlib member (Ex. File.Delete(“abc.txt”)) and expose it via interface but that is not always an easy task if you already have years old codebase. While mocking mscorlib members first thing that comes to people’s mind is DateTime.Now. If you Google through, you will find tons of example dealing with just that. May be it’s the most important class that we can’t ignore and I will create an example using JustMock Q2 with the same. In Q2 2012, we just get rid of the MockClassAtrribute for mocking mscorlib members. JustMock is already attribute free for mocking class libraries. We radically think that vendor specific attributes only makes your code smelly and therefore decided the same for mscorlib. Now, I want to fake DateTime.Now for the following class: public class NestedDateTime { public DateTime GetDateTime() { return DateTime.Now; } } It is the simplest one that can be. The first thing here is that I tell JustMock “hey we have a DateTime.Now in NestedDateTime class that we want to mock”. To do so, during the test initialization I write this: .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; } Mock.Replace(() => DateTime.Now).In<NestedDateTime>(x => x.GetDateTime());.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; } I can also define it for all the members in the class, but that’s just a waste of extra watts. Mock.Replace(() => DateTime.Now).In<NestedDateTime>(); Now question, why should I bother doing it? The answer is that I am not using attribute and with this approach, I can mock any framework members not just File, FileInfo or DateTime. Here to note that we already mock beyond the three but when nested around a complex class, JustMock was not intercepting it correctly. Therefore, we decided to get rid of the attribute altogether fixing the issue. Finally, I write my test as usual. [TestMethod] public void ShouldAssertMockingDateTimeFromNestedClass() { var expected = new DateTime(2000, 1, 1); Mock.Arrange(() => DateTime.Now).Returns(expected); Assert.Equal(new NestedDateTime().GetDateTime(), expected); } .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; } That’s it, we are good. Now let me do the same for a random one, let’s say I want mock a member from DriveInfo: Mock.Replace<DriveInfo[]>(() => DriveInfo.GetDrives()).In<MsCorlibFixture>(x => x.ShouldReturnExpectedDriveWhenMocked()); Moving forward, I write my test: [TestMethod] public void ShouldReturnExpectedDriveWhenMocked() { Mock.Arrange(() => DriveInfo.GetDrives()).MustBeCalled(); DriveInfo.GetDrives(); Mock.Assert(()=> DriveInfo.GetDrives()); } .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/ } .csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; } .csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; } .csharpcode .str { color: #006080; } .csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; } .csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; } .csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; } .csharpcode .html { color: #800000; } .csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; } .csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em; } .csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; } Here is one convention; you have to replace the mscorlib member before executing the target method that contains it. Here the call to DriveInfo is within the MsCorlibFixture therefore it should be defined during test initialization or before executing the test method. Hope this gives you the idea.

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• Goodbye my beloved Nexus One, hello Windows Phone 7

  - by George Clingerman

  Last night my wife’s Nexus One finally bit the dust. You may not know but I’ve been nursing her Nexus One one along for quite a while after her screen shattered. I was able to replace it on my own (go me!) but little quirks have been popping up and the phone was quickly deteriorating. Lately it’s been the power button. Wifey would often have to press the power button several times to get her phone to turn on and last night it just wouldn’t wake up again. I took it apart and tried my best to see if I could somehow make it live once again but no luck this time. It was finally ready to retire. We looked at first for a replacement phone for her but she wasn’t really seeing anything she liked. So I decided to make the ultimate sacrifice and offer up my much loved Nexus One and I would then get a new Windows Phone 7 device. I love T-Mobile for my service so my choices were immediately limited to basically just a single phone. The HTC HD7. I read reviews and they were all over the board from people loving to people hating the phone but I decided, hey, why not, let’s take this plunge. And I did. I’ve only had the phone for about two days now so below is my list of first reaction pros/cons. These are basically things I’ve missed or things I’ve noticed that I really like about my new Windows Phone. Cons: * No Google Talk – I used this a LOT on my Nexus. I’ve found an application called “Flory” but it’s just an ok substitute, not the same as the full featured GTalk I had on my Nexus. * Seesmic is limited– I loved the way Seesmic worked on my Nexus. It was my mobile twitter client of choice. Everything about it worked really well. On Windows Phone 7 it’s just ok. I don’t get notification of new tweets, it’s several clicks to even see a new tweet. It’s definitely got some more development before it has the same features as it did on my Nexus. * Buttons don’t give great feedback – I’d read this on the reviews about the HTC HD7 and I’m finding it true myself. Pressing the buttons on the side of the phone and the power button on the top is finicky and I have to be looking at my phone to make sure I actually got them to press. * Web browsing is slow – I’m not sure what’s up with this, I’m connected to my wireless network at my house but it’s noticeably slower on my WP7 device than my Nexus. I even switched back to verify and it’s definitely true. Retrieving tweets, hitting up the XNA forums and just general web activities are all much slower on my WP7. I can’t think of any reason this would be true but it almost seems like it’s not using my wireless for everything.   Pros: * It’s pretty – the phone is really gorgeous. I loved the form of my Nexus One by the HTC HD7 is just as pretty, maybe even prettier! It’s got a nice large, bright screen. It feels good in my hand. And it even has a little kickstand to set the phone up for movie watching. Definitely a gorgeous phone. * LIVE integration – I lost a lot of nice integration with Google services but I gained a lot of integration with LIVE services that I also use. Now I can see when I get new GMail messages AND Hotmail messages. And having the Xbox LIVE integration is admittedly cool as well. * Tile notification rock – The Windows Phone 7 commercials are TRYING to get this message out but they’re doing a really poor job of this. Tile notifications really do save you from your phone. I have a whole little mini-informational dashboard at a glance. I unlock my phone and at a glace I can see new IMs, new mail messages, software updates etc. All just letting me know in the tiles I have arranged. That’s pretty cool. * The interface works really well – I feel super hip and cool swiping and sliding things around on my Windows Phone 7. Everything works that way and it’s great and fast and really good looking. I’m all about me feeling cool. * I’m gaming more – I had gotten a few games on my Nexus One but there really weren’t a lot of good developers flocking to the service. Just browsing through the Windows Phone 7 marketplace I’m already seeing a ton of games I want to try and buy. And I sat down and bet Pixel Man 0 just yesterday on my phone. I’m already gaming more than I did on my Nexus One. * Netflix integration is fantastic - It works just like it does on my Xbox 360 and I love having this feature on my phone. * It’s basically a Zune – I’ve been taking my Zune to work and listening to music off of that while I code. I no longer need to take it with me, now I just sync songs onto my phone and it’s my new Zune. I freaking love that. One less device to carry around.   All in all my cons have really little to do with the phone (just the buttons and the web browsing) and more to do with the applications needing to catch up a bit to what I’m used to. And the Pros are things that ARE phone specific so I’m seeing that as a good sign that I’m going to be very happy with my Windows Phone 7. So Wifey is happy having her Nexus One again, I’m happy with my new Windows Phone 7. Life is good. Now I just need to make a game to pay for it….

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• CodePlex Daily Summary for Thursday, September 06, 2012

  CodePlex Daily Summary for Thursday, September 06, 2012Popular Releasesmenu4web: menu4web 0.4.1 - javascript menu for web sites: This release is for those who believe that global variables are evil. menu4web has been wrapped into m4w singleton object. Added "Vertical Tabs" example which illustrates object notation.WinRT XAML Toolkit: WinRT XAML Toolkit - 1.2.1: WinRT XAML Toolkit based on the Windows 8 RTM SDK. Download the latest source from the SOURCE CODE page. For compiled version use NuGet. You can add it to your project in Visual Studio by going to View/Other Windows/Package Manager Console and entering: PM> Install-Package winrtxamltoolkit Features AsyncUI extensions Controls and control extensions Converters Debugging helpers Imaging IO helpers VisualTree helpers Samples Recent changes NOTE: Namespace changes DebugConsol...iPDC - Free Phasor Data Concentrator: iPDC-v1.3.1: iPDC suite version-1.3.1, Modifications and Bug Fixed (from v 1.3.0) New User Manual for iPDC-v1.3.1 available on websites. Bug resolved : PMU Simulator TCP connection error and hang connection for client (PDC). Now PMU Simulator (server) can communicate more than one PDCs (clients) over TCP and UDP parallely. PMU Simulator is now sending the exact data frames as mentioned in data rate by user. PMU Simulator data rate has been verified by iPDC database entries and PMU Connection Tes...Microsoft SQL Server Product Samples: Database: AdventureWorks OData Feed: The AdventureWorks OData service exposes resources based on specific SQL views. The SQL views are a limited subset of the AdventureWorks database that results in several consuming scenarios: CompanySales Documents ManufacturingInstructions ProductCatalog TerritorySalesDrilldown WorkOrderRouting How to install the sample You can consume the AdventureWorks OData feed from http://services.odata.org/AdventureWorksV3/AdventureWorks.svc. You can also consume the AdventureWorks OData fe...Desktop Google Reader: 1.4.6: Sorting feeds alphabetical is now optional (see preferences window)DotNetNuke® Community Edition CMS: 06.02.03: Major Highlights Fixed issue where mailto: links were not working when sending bulk email Fixed issue where uses did not see friendship relationships Problem is in 6.2, which does not show in the Versions Affected list above. Fixed the issue with cascade deletes in comments in CoreMessaging_Notification Fixed UI issue when using a date fields as a required profile property during user registration Fixed error when running the product in debug mode Fixed visibility issue when...Microsoft Ajax Minifier: Microsoft Ajax Minifier 4.65: Fixed null-reference error in the build task constructor.Active Forums for DotNetNuke CMS: Active Forums 5.0.0 RC: RC release of Active Forums 5.0.Droid Explorer: Droid Explorer 0.8.8.7 Beta: Bug in the display icon for apk's, will fix with next release Added fallback icon if unable to get the image/icon from the Cloud Service Removed some stale plugins that were either out dated or incomplete. Added handler for *.ab files for restoring backups Added plugin to create device backups Backups stored in %USERPROFILE%\Android Backups\%DEVICE_ID%\ Added custom folder icon for the android backups directory better error handling for installing an apk bug fixes for the Runn...BI System Monitor: v2.1: Data Audits report and supporting SQL, and SSIS package Environment Overview report enhancements, improving the appearance, addition of data audit finding indicators Note: SQL 2012 version coming soon.Hidden Capture (HC): Hidden Capture 1.1: Hidden Capture 1.1 by Mohsen E.Dawatgar http://Hidden-Capture.blogfa.comExt Spec: Ext Spec 0.2.1: Refined examples and improved distribution options.The Visual Guide for Building Team Foundation Server 2012 Environments: Version 1: --Nearforums - ASP.NET MVC forum engine: Nearforums v8.5: Version 8.5 of Nearforums, the ASP.NET MVC Forum Engine. New features include: Built-in search engine using Lucene.NET Flood control improvements Notifications improvements: sync option and mail body View Roadmap for more details webdeploy package sha1 checksum: 961aff884a9187b6e8a86d68913cdd31f8deaf83WiX Toolset: WiX Toolset v3.6: WiX Toolset v3.6 introduces the Burn bootstrapper/chaining engine and support for Visual Studio 2012 and .NET Framework 4.5. Other minor functionality includes: WixDependencyExtension supports dependency checking among MSI packages. WixFirewallExtension supports more features of Windows Firewall. WixTagExtension supports Software Id Tagging. WixUtilExtension now supports recursive directory deletion. Melt simplifies pure-WiX patching by extracting .msi package content and updating .w...Iveely Search Engine: Iveely Search Engine （0.2.0）: ????ISE?0.1.0??，?????，ISE?0.2.0?????????，???????，????????20???follow?ISE，????，??ISE??????????，??????????，?????????，?????????0.2.0??????，??????????。 Iveely Search Engine ?0.2.0?????????“??????????”，??????，?????????，???????，???????????????????，????、????????????。???0.1.0????????????： 1. ??“????” ??。??????????，?????????，???????????????????。??：????????，????????????，??????????????????。??????。 2. ??“????”??。?0.1.0??????，???????，???????????????，?????????????，????????，?0.2.0?，???????...GmailDefaultMaker: GmailDefaultMaker 3.0.0.2: Add QQ Mail BugfixSmart Data Access layer: Smart Data access Layer Ver 3: In this version support executing inline query is added. Check Documentation section for detail.DotNetNuke® Form and List: 06.00.04: DotNetNuke Form and List 06.00.04 Don't forget to backup your installation before upgrade. Changes in 06.00.04 Fix: Sql Scripts for 6.003 missed object qualifiers within stored procedures Fix: added missing resource "cmdCancel.Text" in form.ascx.resx Changes in 06.00.03 Fix: MakeThumbnail was broken if the application pool was configured to .Net 4 Change: Data is now stored in nvarchar(max) instead of ntext Changes in 06.00.02 The scripts are now compatible with SQL Azure, tested in a ne...Coevery - Free CRM: Coevery 1.0.0.24: Add a sample database, and installation instructions.New ProjectsAny-Service: AnyService is a .net 4.0 Windows service shell. It hosts any windows application in non-gui mode to run as a service.BabyCloudDrives - the multi cloud drive desktop's application: wpf ????BLACK ORANGE: Download The HPAD TEXT EDITOR and use it Wisely.. CodePlex New Release Checker: CodePlex New Release Checker is a small library that makes it easy to add, "New Version Available!" functionality to your CodePlex project.Collect: ????????！CSVManager: CSV??CSV?????，????CSV??，??????Exam Project: My Exam Project. Computer Vision, C and OpenCV-FTP: Hey guys thanks for checking out my ftp!Haushaltsbuch: 1ModMaker.Lua: ModMaker.Lua is an open source .NET library that parses and executes Lua code.MyJabbr: MyJabbr netduinoscope: Design shield and software to use netduino as oscilloscopeNetSurveillance Web Application: Net Surveillance Web ApplicationNiconicoApiHelper: ????API?????????OStega: A simple library for encrypt text into an bmp or png image.OURORM: ormTFS Cloud Deployment Toolkit: The TFS Cloud Deployment Toolkit is a set of tools that integrate with TFS 2010 to help manage configuration and deployment to various remote environments.The Visual Guide for Building Team Foundation Server 2012 Environments: A step-by-step guide for building Team Foundation Server 2012 environments that include SharePoint Server 2010, SQL Server 2012, Windows Server 2012 and more!WinRT LineChart: An attempt at creating an usable LineChart for everyone to use in his/her own Windows 8 Apps

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• Why Is Vertical Resolution Monitor Resolution so Often a Multiple of 360?

  - by Jason Fitzpatrick

  Stare at a list of monitor resolutions long enough and you might notice a pattern: many of the vertical resolutions, especially those of gaming or multimedia displays, are multiples of 360 (720, 1080, 1440, etc.) But why exactly is this the case? Is it arbitrary or is there something more at work? Today’s Question & Answer session comes to us courtesy of SuperUser—a subdivision of Stack Exchange, a community-driven grouping of Q&A web sites. The Question SuperUser reader Trojandestroy recently noticed something about his display interface and needs answers: YouTube recently added 1440p functionality, and for the first time I realized that all (most?) vertical resolutions are multiples of 360. Is this just because the smallest common resolution is 480×360, and it’s convenient to use multiples? (Not doubting that multiples are convenient.) And/or was that the first viewable/conveniently sized resolution, so hardware (TVs, monitors, etc) grew with 360 in mind? Taking it further, why not have a square resolution? Or something else unusual? (Assuming it’s usual enough that it’s viewable). Is it merely a pleasing-the-eye situation? So why have the display be a multiple of 360? The Answer SuperUser contributor User26129 offers us not just an answer as to why the numerical pattern exists but a history of screen design in the process: Alright, there are a couple of questions and a lot of factors here. Resolutions are a really interesting field of psychooptics meeting marketing. First of all, why are the vertical resolutions on youtube multiples of 360. This is of course just arbitrary, there is no real reason this is the case. The reason is that resolution here is not the limiting factor for Youtube videos – bandwidth is. Youtube has to re-encode every video that is uploaded a couple of times, and tries to use as little re-encoding formats/bitrates/resolutions as possible to cover all the different use cases. For low-res mobile devices they have 360×240, for higher res mobile there’s 480p, and for the computer crowd there is 360p for 2xISDN/multiuser landlines, 720p for DSL and 1080p for higher speed internet. For a while there were some other codecs than h.264, but these are slowly being phased out with h.264 having essentially ‘won’ the format war and all computers being outfitted with hardware codecs for this. Now, there is some interesting psychooptics going on as well. As I said: resolution isn’t everything. 720p with really strong compression can and will look worse than 240p at a very high bitrate. But on the other side of the spectrum: throwing more bits at a certain resolution doesn’t magically make it better beyond some point. There is an optimum here, which of course depends on both resolution and codec. In general: the optimal bitrate is actually proportional to the resolution. So the next question is: what kind of resolution steps make sense? Apparently, people need about a 2x increase in resolution to really see (and prefer) a marked difference. Anything less than that and many people will simply not bother with the higher bitrates, they’d rather use their bandwidth for other stuff. This has been researched quite a long time ago and is the big reason why we went from 720×576 (415kpix) to 1280×720 (922kpix), and then again from 1280×720 to 1920×1080 (2MP). Stuff in between is not a viable optimization target. And again, 1440P is about 3.7MP, another ~2x increase over HD. You will see a difference there. 4K is the next step after that. Next up is that magical number of 360 vertical pixels. Actually, the magic number is 120 or 128. All resolutions are some kind of multiple of 120 pixels nowadays, back in the day they used to be multiples of 128. This is something that just grew out of LCD panel industry. LCD panels use what are called line drivers, little chips that sit on the sides of your LCD screen that control how bright each subpixel is. Because historically, for reasons I don’t really know for sure, probably memory constraints, these multiple-of-128 or multiple-of-120 resolutions already existed, the industry standard line drivers became drivers with 360 line outputs (1 per subpixel). If you would tear down your 1920×1080 screen, I would be putting money on there being 16 line drivers on the top/bottom and 9 on one of the sides. Oh hey, that’s 16:9. Guess how obvious that resolution choice was back when 16:9 was ‘invented’. Then there’s the issue of aspect ratio. This is really a completely different field of psychology, but it boils down to: historically, people have believed and measured that we have a sort of wide-screen view of the world. Naturally, people believed that the most natural representation of data on a screen would be in a wide-screen view, and this is where the great anamorphic revolution of the ’60s came from when films were shot in ever wider aspect ratios. Since then, this kind of knowledge has been refined and mostly debunked. Yes, we do have a wide-angle view, but the area where we can actually see sharply – the center of our vision – is fairly round. Slightly elliptical and squashed, but not really more than about 4:3 or 3:2. So for detailed viewing, for instance for reading text on a screen, you can utilize most of your detail vision by employing an almost-square screen, a bit like the screens up to the mid-2000s. However, again this is not how marketing took it. Computers in ye olden days were used mostly for productivity and detailed work, but as they commoditized and as the computer as media consumption device evolved, people didn’t necessarily use their computer for work most of the time. They used it to watch media content: movies, television series and photos. And for that kind of viewing, you get the most ‘immersion factor’ if the screen fills as much of your vision (including your peripheral vision) as possible. Which means widescreen. But there’s more marketing still. When detail work was still an important factor, people cared about resolution. As many pixels as possible on the screen. SGI was selling almost-4K CRTs! The most optimal way to get the maximum amount of pixels out of a glass substrate is to cut it as square as possible. 1:1 or 4:3 screens have the most pixels per diagonal inch. But with displays becoming more consumery, inch-size became more important, not amount of pixels. And this is a completely different optimization target. To get the most diagonal inches out of a substrate, you want to make the screen as wide as possible. First we got 16:10, then 16:9 and there have been moderately successful panel manufacturers making 22:9 and 2:1 screens (like Philips). Even though pixel density and absolute resolution went down for a couple of years, inch-sizes went up and that’s what sold. Why buy a 19″ 1280×1024 when you can buy a 21″ 1366×768? Eh… I think that about covers all the major aspects here. There’s more of course; bandwidth limits of HDMI, DVI, DP and of course VGA played a role, and if you go back to the pre-2000s, graphics memory, in-computer bandwdith and simply the limits of commercially available RAMDACs played an important role. But for today’s considerations, this is about all you need to know. Have something to add to the explanation? Sound off in the the comments. Want to read more answers from other tech-savvy Stack Exchange users? Check out the full discussion thread here.     

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• Metrics - A little knowledge can be a dangerous thing (or 'Why you're not clever enough to interpret metrics data')

  - by Jason Crease

  At RedGate Software, I work on a .NET obfuscator  called SmartAssembly.  Various features of it use a database to store various things (exception reports, name-mappings, etc.) The user is given the option of using either a SQL-Server database (which requires them to have Microsoft SQL Server), or a Microsoft Access MDB file (which requires nothing). MDB is the default option, but power-users soon switch to using a SQL Server database because it offers better performance and data-sharing. In the fashionable spirit of optimization and metrics, an obvious product-management question is 'Which is the most popular? SQL Server or MDB?' We've collected data about this fact, using our 'Feature-Usage-Reporting' technology (available as part of SmartAssembly) and more recently our 'Application Metrics' technology: Parameter Number of users % of total users Number of sessions Number of usages SQL Server 28 19.0 8115 8115 MDB 114 77.6 1449 1449 (As a disclaimer, please note than SmartAssembly has far more than 132 users . This data is just a selection of one build) So, it would appear that SQL-Server is used by fewer users, but more often. Great. But here's why these numbers are useless to me: Only the original developers understand the data What does a single 'usage' of 'MDB' mean? Does this happen once per run? Once per option change? On clicking the 'Obfuscate Now' button? When running the command-line version or just from the UI version? Each question could skew the data 10-fold either way, and the answers only known by the developer that instrumented the application in the first place. In other words, only the original developer can interpret the data - product-managers cannot interpret the data unaided. Most of the data is from uninterested users About half of people who download and run a free-trial from the internet quit it almost immediately. Only a small fraction use it sufficiently to make informed choices. Since the MDB option is the default one, we don't know how many of those 114 were people CHOOSING to use the MDB, or how many were JUST HAPPENING to use this MDB default for their 20-second trial. This is a problem we see across all our metrics: Are people are using X because it's the default or are they using X because they want to use X? We need to segment the data further - asking what percentage of each percentage meet our criteria for an 'established user' or 'informed user'. You end up spending hours writing sophisticated and dubious SQL queries to segment the data further. Not fun. You can't find out why they used this feature Metrics can answer the when and what, but not the why. Why did people use feature X? If you're anything like me, you often click on random buttons in unfamiliar applications just to explore the feature-set. If we listened uncritically to metrics at RedGate, we would eliminate the most-important and more-complex features which people actually buy the software for, leaving just big buttons on the main page and the About-Box. "Ah, that's interesting!" rather than "Ah, that's actionable!" People do love data. Did you know you eat 1201 chickens in a lifetime? But just 4 cows? Interesting, but useless. Often metrics give you a nice number: '5.8% of users have 3 or more monitors' . But unless the statistic is both SUPRISING and ACTIONABLE, it's useless. Most metrics are collected, reviewed with lots of cooing. and then forgotten. Unless a piece-of-data could change things, it's useless collecting it. People get obsessed with significance levels The first things that lots of people do with this data is do a t-test to get a significance level ("Hey! We know with 99.64% confidence that people prefer SQL Server to MDBs!") Believe me: other causes of error/misinterpretation in your data are FAR more significant than your t-test could ever comprehend. Confirmation bias prevents objectivity If the data appears to match our instinct, we feel satisfied and move on. If it doesn't, we suspect the data and dig deeper, plummeting down a rabbit-hole of segmentation and filtering until we give-up and move-on. Data is only useful if it can change our preconceptions. Do you trust this dodgy data more than your own understanding, knowledge and intelligence?  I don't. There's always multiple plausible ways to interpret/action any data Let's say we segment the above data, and get this data: Post-trial users (i.e. those using a paid version after the 14-day free-trial is over): Parameter Number of users % of total users Number of sessions Number of usages SQL Server 13 9.0 1115 1115 MDB 5 4.2 449 449 Trial users: Parameter Number of users % of total users Number of sessions Number of usages SQL Server 15 10.0 7000 7000 MDB 114 77.6 1000 1000 How do you interpret this data? It's one of: Mostly SQL Server users buy our software. People who can't afford SQL Server tend to be unable to afford or unwilling to buy our software. Therefore, ditch MDB-support. Our MDB support is so poor and buggy that our massive MDB user-base doesn't buy it.  Therefore, spend loads of money improving it, and think about ditching SQL-Server support. People 'graduate' naturally from MDB to SQL Server as they use the software more. Things are fine the way they are. We're marketing the tool wrong. The large number of MDB users represent uninformed downloaders. Tell marketing to aggressively target SQL Server users. To choose an interpretation you need to segment again. And again. And again, and again. Opting-out is correlated with feature-usage Metrics tends to be opt-in. This skews the data even further. Between 5% and 30% of people choose to opt-in to metrics (often called 'customer improvement program' or something like that). Casual trial-users who are uninterested in your product or company are less likely to opt-in. This group is probably also likely to be MDB users. How much does this skew your data by? Who knows? It's not all doom and gloom. There are some things metrics can answer well. Environment facts. How many people have 3 monitors? Have Windows 7? Have .NET 4 installed? Have Japanese Windows? Minor optimizations.  Is the text-box big enough for average user-input? Performance data. How long does our app take to start? How many databases does the average user have on their server? As you can see, questions about who-the-user-is rather than what-the-user-does are easier to answer and action. Conclusion Use SmartAssembly. If not for the metrics (called 'Feature-Usage-Reporting'), then at least for the obfuscation/error-reporting. Data raises more questions than it answers. Questions about environment are the easiest to answer.

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• VNIC - New feature of AK8 - Working with VNICs

  - by Steve Tunstall

  One of the important new features of the AK8 code is the ability to use multiple IP addresses on the same physical network port. This feature is called VNICs, or Virtual NICs. This allows us to no longer "burn" a whole port in a cluster when one cluster peer owns a network port. Traditionally, we have had to leave Net0 empty on controller 2, because it was used for managing controller 1. Vise-versa for Net1 on Controller 1. Then, if you have data going over 10GigE ports, you probably only had half of your ports running at any given time, and the partner 10GigE port on the other controller just sat there, doing nothing, unless the first controller went down. What a waste. Those days are over.  I want to thank and give a big shout-out to our good partner, OnX Enterprise Solutions, for allowing me to come into their lab and play around with their 7320 to do this demo. They let me make a big mess of their lab for the day as I played around with VNICs. If you're looking for a partner who knows Oracle well and can also piece together a solution from multiple vendors to get you what you need, OnX is a good choice. If you would like to talk to your local OnX rep, you can contact Scott Gill at [email protected] and he can point you in the right direction for your area.  Here we go: Here is what your Datalinks window looks like BEFORE you upgrade to AK8. Here's what the same screen looks like after you upgrade. See the new box? So here is my current network setup. I have my 4 physical interfaces setup each with an IP address. If I ping them, no problems.  So I can ping 180, 181, 251, and 252. However, if I try to ping 240, it does not work, as the 240 address is not being used by any of these interfaces, right?Let's change that. Here, I'm going to make a new Datalink by clicking the Datalink "Plus sign" button. I will check the VNIC box and tell it to use igb2, even though another interface is already using it. Now, I will create a new Interface, and choose "v_dl2" for it's datalink. My new network screen looks like this. A few things to take note of here. First, when I click the "igb2" device, it only highlights dl2 and int2. It does not highlight v_dl2 or v_int2.I think it should, but OK, it looks like VNICs don't highlight when you click the device. Second, note how the underscore character in v_dl2 and v_int2 do not seem to show on this screen. You can see it plainly if you go in and edit them, but from here it looks like a space instead of an underscore. Just a cosmetic bug, but something to be aware of. Now, if I click the VNIC datalink "v_dl2", on the other hand, it DOES highlight the device it belongs to, as it should. Seen here: Note that it did not, however, highlight int2 with it, even though int2 is connected to igb2. That's because we clicked v_dl2, which int2 has nothing to do with. So I'm OK with that. So let's try pinging 240 now. Of course, it works great.  So I now make another VNIC, and call it v_dl3 using igb3, and v_int3 with an address of 241. I then setup three shares, using ports 251, 240, and 241.Remember that IP 251 and 240 both are using the same physical port of igb2, and IP 241 is using port igb3. Next, I copy a folder full of stuff over to all three shares at the same time. I have analytics going so I can see the traffic. My top chart is showing the logical interfaces, and the bottom chart is showing the physical ports.Sure enough, look at the igb2 and vnic1 interfaces. They equal the traffic going over the igb2 physical port on the second chart. VNIC2, on the other hand, gets igb3 all to itself. This would work the same way with 10Gig or Infiniband ports. You can now have multiple IP addresses and even completely different subnets sharing the same physical ports. You may need to make route table entries for that. This allows us to use all of the ports you paid for with no more waste.  Very, very cool.  One small "bug" I found when doing this. It's really not a bug, it was designed to do this when VNICs were not around. But now that we have NVIC capability, they should probably change this. I've alerted the engineering team about this and they're looking into it, so perhaps it will be fixed in a later code. Here it is. Remember when we made the new VNIC datalink, I specifically said to click on the "Plus Sign" button to create it? I don't always do that. I really like to use the drag-and-drop method to create my datalinks in the network screen.HOWEVER, if you were to do that for building a VNIC, it will mess you up a little. Watch this. Here, I'm dragging igb3 over to make a new datalink. igb3 is already being used by dl3, but I'm going to make this a VNIC, so who cares, right? Well, the ZFSSA does not KNOW you are going to make it a VNIC, now does it? So... it works as designed and REMOVES the igb3 device from the current dl3 datalink in the background. See how it's now missing? At the same time, the dl3 datalink choice is missing from my list of possible VNICs for me to choose from!!!! Hey!!! I wanted to pick dl3. Why isn't it on the list??? Well, it can't be on this list because dl3 no longer has a device associated with it. Bummer for you. When you click cancel, the device is still missing from dl3. The fix is easy. Just edit dl3 by clicking the pencil button, do absolutely nothing, and click "Apply". The device will magically come back. Now, make the VNIC datalink by clicking the "Plus Sign" button. Sure enough, once you check the VNIC box, dl3 is a valid choice. No problem.  That's it for now. Have fun with VNICs.

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• Key Promoter for NetBeans

  - by Geertjan

  Whenever a menu item or toolbar button is clicked, it would be handy if NetBeans were to tell you 'hey, did you know, you can actually do this via the following keyboard shortcut', if a keyboard shortcut exists for the invoked action. After all, ultimately, a lot of developers would like to do everything with the keyboard and a key promoter feature of this kind is a helpful tool in learning the keyboard shortcuts related to the menu items and toolbar buttons you're clicking with your mouse. Above, you see the balloon message that appears for each menu item and toolbar button that you click and, below, you can see a list of all the actions that have been logged in the Notifications window. That happens automatically when an action is invoked (assuming the plugin described in this blog entry is installed), showing the display name of the action, together with the keyboard shortcut, which is presented as a hyperlink which, when clicked, re-invokes the action (which might not always be relevant, especially for context-sensitive actions, though for others it is quite useful, e.g., reopen the New Project wizard). And here's all the code. Notice that I'm hooking into the 'uigestures' functionality, which was suggested by Tim Boudreau, and I have added my own handler, which was suggested by Jaroslav Tulach, which gets a specific parameter from each new log entry handled by the 'org.netbeans.ui.actions' logger, makes sure that the parameter actually is an action, and then gets the relevant info from the action, if the relevant info exists: @OnShowingpublic class Startable implements Runnable {    @Override    public void run() {        Logger logger = Logger.getLogger("org.netbeans.ui.actions");        logger.addHandler(new StreamHandler() {            @Override            public void publish(LogRecord record) {                Object[] parameters = record.getParameters();                if (parameters[2] instanceof Action) {                    Action a = (Action) parameters[2];                    JMenuItem menu = new JMenuItem();                    Mnemonics.setLocalizedText(                            menu,                             a.getValue(Action.NAME).toString());                    String name = menu.getText();                    if (a.getValue(Action.ACCELERATOR_KEY) != null) {                        String accelerator = a.getValue(Action.ACCELERATOR_KEY).toString();                        NotificationDisplayer.getDefault().notify(                                name,                                 new ImageIcon("/org/nb/kp/car.png"),                                 accelerator,                                 new ActionListener() {                            @Override                            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {                                a.actionPerformed(e);                            }                        });                    }                }            }        });    }} Indeed, inspired by the Key Promoter in IntelliJ IDEA. Interested in trying it out? If there's interest in it, I'll put it in the NetBeans Plugin Portal.

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• Installshield Development Error durring the Installation process

  - by Alopekos

  Hey guys, I've been stuck by a problem for the past couple days that makes no sense to me. My installer builds fine in the Installshiled IDE but when it is about to finish the installation, int gets two errors then rollbacks: installation failure. Right when the install bar is at about 100%, an error box pops up that states this: "Error 1001.Exception occurred while initializing the installation: System.IO.FileLoadException: Attempt to load an unverifiable executable with fixups (IAT with more than 2 sections or a TLS section.) (Exception from HRESULT: 0x80131019)." The box pops up once, then the installer flashes its status to "rollback" then pops up another error box, then once 'ok'ed it procedes to rollback as usual. I don't understand that error message so i looked in the msi loggings and found this: "InstallShield 13:20:08: Initializing Property Bag... InstallShield 13:20:08: Getting file count from property bag InstallShield 13:20:08: File Count : 7 InstallShield 13:20:08: Sorting Based On Order... InstallShield 13:20:08: This setup is running on a 32-bit Windows...No need to load ISBEW64.exe InstallShield 13:20:08: Registering file C:\Program Files\Cadwell\Easy III\QMWSChartDataServer.dll (32-bit) InstallShield 13:20:09: Registering file C:\Program Files\Cadwell\Easy III\DataDelivery.dll (32-bit) InstallShield 13:20:09: Registering file C:\Program Files\Cadwell\Easy III\QMGlobalData.dll (32-bit) InstallShield 13:20:09: Registering file C:\Program Files\Cadwell\Easy III\QMAdoDB.dll (32-bit) InstallShield 13:20:09: Registering file C:\Program Files\Cadwell\Easy III\QMPatientData.dll (32-bit) InstallShield 13:20:09: Registering file C:\Program Files\Cadwell\Easy III\MedShareGlobalData.dll (32-bit) InstallShield 13:20:09: Registering file C:\Program Files\Cadwell\Easy III\MedDirectory.dll (32-bit) InstallShield 13:20:09: Begin Comitting Property Bag InstallShield 13:20:09: Write KeyList count InstallShield 13:20:09: Finished Comitting Property Bag Action 13:20:09: _EBDE7916DF6AF3B644016C54F66930DC.commit. Action 13:20:09: _EBDE7916DF6AF3B644016C54F66930DC.rollback. Action 13:20:09: _EBDE7916DF6AF3B644016C54F66930DC.install. Error 1001.Exception occurred while initializing the installation: System.IO.FileLoadException: Attempt to load an unverifiable executable with fixups (IAT with more than 2 sections or a TLS section.) (Exception from HRESULT: 0x80131019). MSI (s) (34!84) [13:20:26:455]: Info 2769.Custom Action _EBDE7916DF6AF3B644016C54F66930DC.install did not close 1 MSIHANDLEs. Action ended 13:20:26: InstallFinalize. Return value 3. Action 13:20:26: Rollback. Rolling back action: Rollback: _EBDE7916DF6AF3B644016C54F66930DC.install Rollback: _EBDE7916DF6AF3B644016C54F66930DC.rollback Error 1001.Exception occurred while initializing the installation: System.IO.FileLoadException: Attempt to load an unverifiable executable with fixups (IAT with more than 2 sections or a TLS section.) (Exception from HRESULT: 0x80131019). MSI (s) (34!E8) [13:20:27:036]: Info 2769.Custom Action _EBDE7916DF6AF3B644016C54F66930DC.rollback did not close 1 MSIHANDLEs. Rollback: _EBDE7916DF6AF3B644016C54F66930DC.commit Rollback: ISSelfRegisterFiles Rollback: Registering modules Rollback: Registering type libraries Rollback: Writing system registry values Rollback: Registering program identifiers" All rollbacking commands after this point. For some reason it looks like to me that installshield is trying to launch my program before it finishes the installation, even when I told it to prompt the user to decide to launch. Is this a registering command system that makes it attemp or what? I've been scouring the web all day and I've found some ideas, but I havent seen any solutions as of yet. The installers that I've tried(and failed) have always needed to be Setup.exes, when i try to build a .msi only setup I get this error message. It may help someone who knows more about this system than I do. Your project contains InstallShield prerequisites. A Setup.exe setup launcher is required if you are build a release that includes InstallShield prerequisites. Change your release settings to build Setup.exe, or remove the prerequisites from your project. -7076 There's nothing on the site that has anything from the error code, so I'm at a loss. Thanks for any help possible, I'm an intern and I'm fresh out of ideas... Josh System: XP SP3 Installshield 2010 Pro Install being tested on a VirtualPC

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• ASP.NET MVC File Upload Error - "The input is not a valid Base-64 string"

  - by Justin

  Hey all, I'm trying to add a file upload control to my ASP.NET MVC 2 form but after I select a jpg and click Save, it gives the following error: The input is not a valid Base-64 string as it contains a non-base 64 character, more than two padding characters, or a non-white space character among the padding characters. Here's the view: <% using (Html.BeginForm("Save", "Developers", FormMethod.Post, new {enctype = "multipart/form-data"})) { %> <%: Html.ValidationSummary(true) %> <fieldset> <legend>Fields</legend> <div class="editor-label"> Login Name </div> <div class="editor-field"> <%: Html.TextBoxFor(model => model.LoginName) %> <%: Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.LoginName) %> </div> <div class="editor-label"> Password </div> <div class="editor-field"> <%: Html.Password("Password") %> <%: Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Password) %> </div> <div class="editor-label"> First Name </div> <div class="editor-field"> <%: Html.TextBoxFor(model => model.FirstName) %> <%: Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.FirstName) %> </div> <div class="editor-label"> Last Name </div> <div class="editor-field"> <%: Html.TextBoxFor(model => model.LastName) %> <%: Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.LastName) %> </div> <div class="editor-label"> Photo </div> <div class="editor-field"> <input id="Photo" name="Photo" type="file" /> </div> <p> <%: Html.Hidden("DeveloperID") %> <%: Html.Hidden("CreateDate") %> <input type="submit" value="Save" /> </p> </fieldset> <% } %> And the controller: //POST: /Secure/Developers/Save/ [AcceptVerbs(HttpVerbs.Post)] public ActionResult Save(Developer developer) { //get profile photo. var upload = Request.Files["Photo"]; if (upload.ContentLength > 0) { string savedFileName = Path.Combine( ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["FileUploadDirectory"], "Developer_" + developer.FirstName + "_" + developer.LastName + ".jpg"); upload.SaveAs(savedFileName); } developer.UpdateDate = DateTime.Now; if (developer.DeveloperID == 0) {//inserting new developer. DataContext.DeveloperData.Insert(developer); } else {//attaching existing developer. DataContext.DeveloperData.Attach(developer); } //save changes. DataContext.SaveChanges(); //redirect to developer list. return RedirectToAction("Index"); } Thanks, Justin

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• MVC 2 with IIS 6 Problems

  - by SlackerCoder

  Hey guys, I'm using IIS 6 on a Windows 2003 Server and I am trying to get an MVC2 project installed on that machine. I am having nightmare-ish problems doing so! I've looked up TONS of references on what to do, and not 1 single one works. (They work for MVC1 projects, as I have a few of those running already using said solutions). Does anyone have any tips/hints/ideas on what needs to be done for MVC2 projects with IIS 6? I am definitely pulling my hair out over this. I have tried it on 2 of my dev servers, and both get the same result. The closest I can get to a served page is an error page "Object reference not set to an instance of an object", however, the page has try/catch blocks that are being ignored, so I dont think its running the code on the controller, I think it's saying that the controller is the error. (For the reference, the error in question is directed at the HomeController.cs file). What I've tried: Wildcard mapping Changing routes to {controller}.mvc Changing routes to {controller}.aspx Adding the .mvc extension to IIS Modifying routes in Global.asax There's a LOT of code in this project so far, so I will only post the first page(s) that should get served: MASTER PAGE: <div class="page"> <div id="header"> <div id="title"> <h1>Meritain RedCard Interface 2.0</h1> </div> <!-- This is the main menu. Each security role will have access to certain buttons. --> <div id="menucontainer"> <% if (Session["UserData"] != null) { %> <% if (/*User Security Checks Out*/) { %> <ul id="menu"> <li><%= Html.ActionLink("Home", "Index", "Home")%></li> <li><%= Html.ActionLink("Selection", "Index", "Select", new { area = "Selector" }, null)%></li> <li><%= Html.ActionLink("Audit", "Index", "Audit", new { area = "Auditor" }, null)%></li> <li><%= Html.ActionLink("Setup", "Index", "Setup", new { area = "Setup" }, null)%></li> <li><%= Html.ActionLink("About", "About", "Home")%></li> </ul> <% } %> <% } %> </div> </div> <div id="main"> <asp:ContentPlaceHolder ID="MainContent" runat="server" /> <div id="footer"> </div> </div> </div> Default.aspx.cs: [I added this file as a potential solution, since it works with MVC 1] protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { string originalPath = Request.Path; HttpContext.Current.RewritePath(Request.ApplicationPath, false); IHttpHandler httpHandler = new MvcHttpHandler(); httpHandler.ProcessRequest(HttpContext.Current); HttpContext.Current.RewritePath(originalPath, false); } HomeController.cs: public ActionResult Index() { loadApplication(); ViewData["Message"] = "Welcome to ASP.NET MVC!"; return View(); } public ActionResult About() { return View(); } private void loadApplication() { Session["UserData"] = CreateUserSecurity(HttpContext.User.Identity.Name.ToString()); } I did not list the CreateUserSecurity method, but all it does it call the DB using the Username and returns the record in the database that matches the username. EDIT: Added code and what I've tried so far (as requested).

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• "Content is not allowed in prolog" when parsing perfectly valid XML on GAE

  - by Adrian Petrescu

  Hey guys, I've been beating my head against this absolutely infuriating bug for the last 48 hours, so I thought I'd finally throw in the towel and try asking here before I throw my laptop out the window. I'm trying to parse the response XML from a call I made to AWS SimpleDB. The response is coming back on the wire just fine; for example, it may look like: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <ListDomainsResponse xmlns="http://sdb.amazonaws.com/doc/2009-04-15/"> <ListDomainsResult> <DomainName>Audio</DomainName> <DomainName>Course</DomainName> <DomainName>DocumentContents</DomainName> <DomainName>LectureSet</DomainName> <DomainName>MetaData</DomainName> <DomainName>Professors</DomainName> <DomainName>Tag</DomainName> </ListDomainsResult> <ResponseMetadata> <RequestId>42330b4a-e134-6aec-e62a-5869ac2b4575</RequestId> <BoxUsage>0.0000071759</BoxUsage> </ResponseMetadata> </ListDomainsResponse> I pass in this XML to a parser with XMLEventReader eventReader = xmlInputFactory.createXMLEventReader(response.getContent()); and call eventReader.nextEvent(); a bunch of times to get the data I want. Here's the bizarre part -- it works great inside the local server. The response comes in, I parse it, everyone's happy. The problem is that when I deploy the code to Google App Engine, the outgoing request still works, and the response XML seems 100% identical and correct to me, but the response fails to parse with the following exception: com.amazonaws.http.HttpClient handleResponse: Unable to unmarshall response (ParseError at [row,col]:[1,1] Message: Content is not allowed in prolog.): <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <ListDomainsResponse xmlns="http://sdb.amazonaws.com/doc/2009-04-15/"><ListDomainsResult><DomainName>Audio</DomainName><DomainName>Course</DomainName><DomainName>DocumentContents</DomainName><DomainName>LectureSet</DomainName><DomainName>MetaData</DomainName><DomainName>Professors</DomainName><DomainName>Tag</DomainName></ListDomainsResult><ResponseMetadata><RequestId>42330b4a-e134-6aec-e62a-5869ac2b4575</RequestId><BoxUsage>0.0000071759</BoxUsage></ResponseMetadata></ListDomainsResponse> javax.xml.stream.XMLStreamException: ParseError at [row,col]:[1,1] Message: Content is not allowed in prolog. at com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLStreamReaderImpl.next(Unknown Source) at com.sun.xml.internal.stream.XMLEventReaderImpl.nextEvent(Unknown Source) at com.amazonaws.transform.StaxUnmarshallerContext.nextEvent(StaxUnmarshallerContext.java:153) ... (rest of lines omitted) I have double, triple, quadruple checked this XML for 'invisible characters' or non-UTF8 encoded characters, etc. I looked at it byte-by-byte in an array for byte-order-marks or something of that nature. Nothing; it passes every validation test I could throw at it. Even stranger, it happens if I use a Saxon-based parser as well -- but ONLY on GAE, it always works fine in my local environment. It makes it very hard to trace the code for problems when I can only run the debugger on an environment that works perfectly (I haven't found any good way to remotely debug on GAE). Nevertheless, using the primitive means I have, I've tried a million approaches including: XML with and without the prolog With and without newlines With and without the "encoding=" attribute in the prolog Both newline styles With and without the chunking information present in the HTTP stream And I've tried most of these in multiple combinations where it made sense they would interact -- nothing! I'm at my wit's end. Has anyone seen an issue like this before that can hopefully shed some light on it? Thanks!

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• Drawing a WPF UserControl with DataBinding to an Image

  - by LorenVS

  Hey Everyone, So I'm trying to use a WPF User Control to generate a ton of images from a dataset where each item in the dataset would produce an image... I'm hoping I can set it up in such a way that I can use WPF databinding, and for each item in the dataset, create an instance of my user control, set the dependency property that corresponds to my data item, and then draw the user control to an image, but I'm having problems getting it all working (not sure whether databinding or drawing to the image is my problem) Sorry for the massive code dump, but I've been trying to get this working for a couple of hours now, and WPF just doesn't like me (have to learn at some point though...) My User Control looks like this: <UserControl x:Class="Bleargh.ImageTemplate" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:c="clr-namespace:Bleargh" x:Name="ImageTemplateContainer" Height="300" Width="300"> <Canvas> <TextBlock Canvas.Left="50" Canvas.Top="50" Width="200" Height="25" FontSize="16" FontFamily="Calibri" Text="{Binding Path=Booking.Customer,ElementName=ImageTemplateContainer}" /> <TextBlock Canvas.Left="50" Canvas.Top="100" Width="200" Height="25" FontSize="16" FontFamily="Calibri" Text="{Binding Path=Booking.Location,ElementName=ImageTemplateContainer}" /> <TextBlock Canvas.Left="50" Canvas.Top="150" Width="200" Height="25" FontSize="16" FontFamily="Calibri" Text="{Binding Path=Booking.ItemNumber,ElementName=ImageTemplateContainer}" /> <TextBlock Canvas.Left="50" Canvas.Top="200" Width="200" Height="25" FontSize="16" FontFamily="Calibri" Text="{Binding Path=Booking.Description,ElementName=ImageTemplateContainer}" /> </Canvas> </UserControl> And I've added a dependency property of type "Booking" to my user control that I'm hoping will be the source for the databound values: public partial class ImageTemplate : UserControl { public static readonly DependencyProperty BookingProperty = DependencyProperty.Register("Booking", typeof(Booking), typeof(ImageTemplate)); public Booking Booking { get { return (Booking)GetValue(BookingProperty); } set { SetValue(BookingProperty, value); } } public ImageTemplate() { InitializeComponent(); } } And I'm using the following code to render the control: List<Booking> bookings = Booking.GetSome(); for(int i = 0; i < bookings.Count; i++) { ImageTemplate template = new ImageTemplate(); template.Booking = bookings[i]; RenderTargetBitmap bitmap = new RenderTargetBitmap( (int)template.Width, (int)template.Height, 120.0, 120.0, PixelFormats.Pbgra32); bitmap.Render(template); BitmapEncoder encoder = new PngBitmapEncoder(); encoder.Frames.Add(BitmapFrame.Create(bitmap)); using (Stream s = File.OpenWrite(@"C:\Code\Bleargh\RawImages\" + i.ToString() + ".png")) { encoder.Save(s); } } EDIT: I should add that the process works without any errors whatsoever, but I end up with a directory full of plain-white images, not text or anything... And I have confirmed using the debugger that my Booking objects are being filled with the proper data... EDIT 2: Did something I should have done a long time ago, set a background on my canvas, but that didn't change the output image at all, so my problem is most definitely somehow to do with my drawing code (although there may be something wrong with my databinding too)

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• window.focus() not working in Google Chrome

  - by nickyt

  Hey folks, Just wondering if Google Chrome is going to support window.focus() at some point. When I mean support, I mean have it work. The call to it doesn't fail, it just doesn't do anything. All other major browsers do not have this problem: FireFox, IE6-IE8 and Safari. I have a client-side class for managing browser windows. When I first create a window the window comes into focus, but subsequent attempts to bring focus to the window do not work. From what I can tell, this appears to be a security feature to avoid annoying pop-ups and it does not appear to be a WebKit issue as it works in Safari. I know one idea someone brought forward was to close the window then reopen it, but this is a horrible solution. Googling shows that I do not appear to be the only person frustrated with this. And just to be 100% clear, I mean new windows, not tabs (tabs cannot be focused from what I've read) and all the windows being opened are in the same domain. Any ideas? MyCompany = { UI: {} }; // Put this here if you want to test the code. I create these namespaces elsewhere in code. MyCompany.UI.Window = new function() { // Private fields var that = this; var windowHandles = {}; // Public Members this.windowExists = function(windowTarget) { return windowTarget && windowHandles[windowTarget] && !windowHandles[windowTarget].closed; } this.open = function(url, windowTarget, windowProperties) { // See if we have a window handle and if it's closed or not. if (that.windowExists(windowTarget)) { // We still have our window object so let's check if the URLs is the same as the one we're trying to load. var currentLocation = windowHandles[windowTarget].location; if ( ( /^http(?:s?):/.test(url) && currentLocation.href !== url ) || ( // This check is required because the URL might be the same, but absolute, // e.g. /Default.aspx ... instead of http://localhost/Default.aspx ... !/^http(?:s?):/.test(url) && (currentLocation.pathname + currentLocation.search + currentLocation.hash) !== url ) ) { // Not the same URL, so load the new one. windowHandles[windowTarget].location = url; } // Give focus to the window. This works in IE 6/7/8, FireFox, Safari but not Chrome. // Well in Chrome it works the first time, but subsequent focus attempts fail,. I believe this is a security feature in Chrome to avoid annoying popups. windowHandles[windowTarget].focus(); } else { // Need to do this so that tabbed browsers (pretty much all browsers except IE6) actually open a new window // as opposed to a tab. By specifying at least one window property, we're guaranteed to have a new window created instead // of a tab. windowProperties = windowProperties || 'menubar=yes,location=yes,width=700, height=400, scrollbars=yes, resizable= yes'; windowTarget = windowTarget || "_blank"; // Create a new window. var windowHandle = windowProperties ? window.open(url, windowTarget, windowProperties) : window.open(url, windowTarget); if (null === windowHandle) { alert("You have a popup blocker enabled. Please allow popups for " + location.protocol + "//" + location.host); } else { if ("_blank" !== windowTarget) { // Store the window handle for reuse if a handle was specified. windowHandles[windowTarget] = windowHandle; windowHandles[windowTarget].focus(); } } } } }

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• Eclipse buildtime and runtime classpaths for easy execution of junit test cases

  - by emeraldjava

  Hey, I've a large eclipse project with multiple junit classes. I'm trying to strike a balance between adding runtime resources to the eclipse project classpath, and the need to configure mutliple junit launch configurations. I realise the default eclipse build classpath is inherited by all unit test configurations, but some of my tests require extra runtime resources. I could add these resources to the build classpath, but this does slow my overall project build time (since it has to keep more files in synch). I don't like the idea of including * resources and jars on the runtime classpath. The two options that i have are these, the positive and negative cases as i see it are listed 1 : Add all runtime resources to eclipse classpath. POS I can select a unit test and run it without having to configure the test classpath. POS Extra resources on build classpath means eclipse slows down. NEG More difficult to ensure each test uses the correct resources. 2 : Configure the classpath of each unit test POS I know exactly what resources are being used by a test. POS Smaller build classpath means quicker build and execution by eclipse. NEG Its a pain having to setup multiple separate junit runtime classpaths. Ideally i'd like to configure one base junit runtime configuration, which takes the default eclipse build classpath, adds extra runtime jars and resources. This configuration could then be reused by the specific junit test cases, Is anything like this possible? Looking at a specific junit launch configuration which can be exported to a share project file <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> <launchConfiguration type="org.eclipse.jdt.junit.launchconfig"> <stringAttribute key="bad_container_name" value="/CR-3089_5_1_branch."/> <listAttribute key="org.eclipse.debug.core.MAPPED_RESOURCE_PATHS"> <listEntry value="/CR-3089_5_1_branch/src/com/x/y/z/ParserJUnitTest.java"/> </listAttribute> <listAttribute key="org.eclipse.debug.core.MAPPED_RESOURCE_TYPES"> <listEntry value="1"/> </listAttribute> <stringAttribute key="org.eclipse.jdt.junit.CONTAINER" value=""/> <booleanAttribute key="org.eclipse.jdt.junit.KEEPRUNNING_ATTR" value="false"/> <stringAttribute key="org.eclipse.jdt.junit.TESTNAME" value=""/> <stringAttribute key="org.eclipse.jdt.junit.TEST_KIND" value="org.eclipse.jdt.junit.loader.junit4"/> <stringAttribute key="org.eclipse.jdt.launching.MAIN_TYPE" value="com.x.y.z.ParserJUnitTest"/> <stringAttribute key="org.eclipse.jdt.launching.PROJECT_ATTR" value="CR-3089_5_1_branch"/> </launchConfiguration> is it possible to extend/reuse this configuration, and parameterise the 'org.eclipse.jdt.launching.MAIN_TYPE' value? I'm aware of the commons launch and jar manifest file solutions to configuring the classpath, but they both seem to assume that an ant build is run before the test can execute. I want to avoid any eclipse dependency on calling an ant target when refactoting code and executing tests. Basically - What is the the easiest way to seperate and maintain the eclipse buildtime classpath and junit runtime classpaths?

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• Using SDL to replace colors using SDL Color Keys

  - by Shawn B

  Hey, I am working an a simple Roguelike game, and using SDL as the display. The Graphics for the game is an image of Codepage 437, with the background being black, and the font white. Instead of using many seperate image files that are already colored, I want to use one image file, and replace the colors when it is being loaded into memory. The code to split the codepage into a sprite sheet works properly, but when attempting to print in color, everything comes out in white. I had it working the past, but somehow I broke the code when changing it from change the color at print, to change the color on load. Here is the code to load the image: SDL_Surface *Screen,*Font[2]; SDL_Rect Character[256]; Uint8 ScreenY,ScreenX; Uint16 PrintX,PrintY,ScreenSizeY,ScreenSizeX; Uint32 Color[2]; void InitDisplay() { if(SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO) == -1) { printf("SDL Init failed\n"); return; } ScreenSizeY = 600; ScreenSizeX = 800; Screen = SDL_SetVideoMode(ScreenSizeX,ScreenSizeY,32,SDL_HWSURFACE | SDL_RESIZABLE); SDL_WM_SetCaption("Alpha",NULL); SDL_Surface *Load; Load = IMG_Load("resource/font.png"); Font[0] = SDL_DisplayFormat(Load); SDL_FreeSurface(Load); Color[0] = SDL_MapRGB(Font[0]->format,255,255,255); Color[1] = SDL_MapRGB(Font[0]->format,255,0,0); Uint8 i,j,k = 0; PrintX = 0; PrintY = 0; for(i = 0; i < 16; i++) { for(j = 0; j < 16; j++) { Character[k].x = PrintX; Character[k].y = PrintY; Character[k].w = 8; Character[k].h = 12; k++; PrintX += 8; } PrintX = 0; PrintY += 12; } PrintX = 0; PrintY = 0; for(i = 1; i < 2; i++) { Font[i] = SDL_DisplayFormat(Font[0]); SDL_SetColorKey(Font[i],SDL_SRCCOLORKEY,Color[i]); SDL_FillRect(Font[i],&Font[i]->clip_rect,Color[i]); SDL_BlitSurface(Font[0],NULL,Font[i],NULL); SDL_SetColorKey(Font[0],0,Color[0]); } } The problem is with the last for loop above. I can't figure out why it isn't working. Any help is greatly appreciated!

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• MySQL InnoDB Corruption after power outage, possible to recover?

  - by Tim Hackett

  Hey Guys, I recently started trying to get Redmine up and running after a power outage that seems to have corrupted our InnoDB database in MySQL. Redmine had an extensive set of documentation that I would like to get even if redmine isn't able to run. The service fails on startup. I have tried inserting innodb_force_recovery = 4 per the documentation from the url in the error log. (also tried 1 thru 6 as I have backed up all directories after the corruption) I have verified through "mysqld-nt --print-defaults" that it is starting with the recovery option in the params. The machine is running Windows Server 2003 SP2, Xeon E5335 with 2GB RAM, MySQL is not mirrored to another machine, nor is the machine a mirror. I do not have any backups because the previous person did not set them up. Here is the error log: InnoDB: The log sequence number in ibdata files does not match InnoDB: the log sequence number in the ib_logfiles! 100308 14:50:01 InnoDB: Database was not shut down normally! InnoDB: Starting crash recovery. InnoDB: Reading tablespace information from the .ibd files... InnoDB: Restoring possible half-written data pages from the doublewrite InnoDB: buffer... 100308 14:50:02 InnoDB: Error: page 7 log sequence number 0 935521175 InnoDB: is in the future! Current system log sequence number 0 933419020. InnoDB: Your database may be corrupt or you may have copied the InnoDB InnoDB: tablespace but not the InnoDB log files. See InnoDB: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/forcing-recovery.html InnoDB: for more information. 100308 14:50:02 InnoDB: Error: page 2 log sequence number 0 935517607 InnoDB: is in the future! Current system log sequence number 0 933419020. InnoDB: Your database may be corrupt or you may have copied the InnoDB InnoDB: tablespace but not the InnoDB log files. See InnoDB: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/forcing-recovery.html InnoDB: for more information. 100308 14:50:02 InnoDB: Error: page 11 log sequence number 0 935517607 InnoDB: is in the future! Current system log sequence number 0 933419020. InnoDB: Your database may be corrupt or you may have copied the InnoDB InnoDB: tablespace but not the InnoDB log files. See InnoDB: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/forcing-recovery.html InnoDB: for more information. 100308 14:50:02 InnoDB: Error: page 5 log sequence number 0 972973045 InnoDB: is in the future! Current system log sequence number 0 933419020. InnoDB: Your database may be corrupt or you may have copied the InnoDB InnoDB: tablespace but not the InnoDB log files. See InnoDB: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/forcing-recovery.html InnoDB: for more information. 100308 14:50:02 InnoDB: Error: page 6 log sequence number 0 972984051 InnoDB: is in the future! Current system log sequence number 0 933419020. InnoDB: Your database may be corrupt or you may have copied the InnoDB InnoDB: tablespace but not the InnoDB log files. See InnoDB: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/forcing-recovery.html InnoDB: for more information. 100308 14:50:02 InnoDB: Error: page 1577 log sequence number 0 972737368 InnoDB: is in the future! Current system log sequence number 0 933419020. InnoDB: Your database may be corrupt or you may have copied the InnoDB InnoDB: tablespace but not the InnoDB log files. See InnoDB: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/forcing-recovery.html InnoDB: for more information. InnoDB: Error: trying to access page number 4294965119 in space 0, InnoDB: space name .\ibdata1, InnoDB: which is outside the tablespace bounds. InnoDB: Byte offset 0, len 16384, i/o type 10. InnoDB: If you get this error at mysqld startup, please check that InnoDB: your my.cnf matches the ibdata files that you have in the InnoDB: MySQL server. 100308 14:50:02InnoDB: Assertion failure in thread 960 in file .\fil\fil0fil.c line 3959 InnoDB: We intentionally generate a memory trap. InnoDB: Submit a detailed bug report to http://bugs.mysql.com. InnoDB: If you get repeated assertion failures or crashes, even InnoDB: immediately after the mysqld startup, there may be InnoDB: corruption in the InnoDB tablespace. Please refer to InnoDB: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/forcing-recovery.html InnoDB: about forcing recovery. 100308 14:50:02 [ERROR] mysqld-nt: Got signal 11. Aborting! 100308 14:50:02 [ERROR] Aborting 100308 14:50:02 [Note] mysqld-nt: Shutdown complete

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• Jquery removeClass Not Working

  - by Wade D Ouellet

  Hey, My site is here: http://treethink.com What I have going is a news ticker on the right that is inside a jquery function. The function starts right away and extracts the news ticker and then retracts it as it should. When a navigation it adds a class to the div, which the function then checks for to see if it should stop extracting/retracting. This all works great. The problem I am having is that after the close button is clicked (in the content window), the removeClass won't work. This means that it keeps thinking the window is open and therefore the conditional statement inside the function won't let it extract and retract again. With a simple firebug check, it's showing that the class isn't being removed period. It's not the cboxClose id that it's not finding because I tried changing that to just "a" tags in general and it still wouldn't work so it's something to do with the jQuery for sure. Someone also suggested a quick alert() to check if the callback is working but I'm not sure what this is. Here is the code: /* News Ticker */ /* Initially hide all news items */ $('#ticker1').hide(); $('#ticker2').hide(); $('#ticker3').hide(); var randomNum = Math.floor(Math.random()*3); /* Pick random number */ newsTicker(); function newsTicker() { if (!$("#ticker").hasClass("noTicker")) { $("#ticker").oneTime(2000,function(i) { /* Do the first pull out once */ $('div#ticker div:eq(' + randomNum + ')').show(); /* Select div with random number */ $("#ticker").animate({right: "0"}, {duration: 800 }); /* Pull out ticker with random div */ }); $("#ticker").oneTime(15000,function(i) { /* Do the first retract once */ $("#ticker").animate({right: "-450"}, {duration: 800}); /* Retract ticker */ $("#ticker").oneTime(1000,function(i) { /* Afterwards */ $('div#ticker div:eq(' + (randomNum) + ')').hide(); /* Hide that div */ }); }); $("#ticker").everyTime(16500,function(i) { /* Everytime timer gets to certain point */ /* Show next div */ randomNum = (randomNum+1)%3; $('div#ticker div:eq(' + (randomNum) + ')').show(); $("#ticker").animate({right: "0"}, {duration: 800}); /* Pull out right away */ $("#ticker").oneTime(15000,function(i) { /* Afterwards */ $("#ticker").animate({right: "-450"}, {duration: 800});/* Retract ticker */ }); $("#ticker").oneTime(16000,function(i) { /* Afterwards */ /* Hide all divs */ $('#ticker1').hide(); $('#ticker2').hide(); $('#ticker3').hide(); }); }); } else { $("#ticker").animate({right: "-450"}, {duration: 800}); /* Retract ticker */ $("#ticker").oneTime(1000,function(i) { /* Afterwards */ $('div#ticker div:eq(' + (randomNum) + ')').hide(); /* Hide that div */ }); $("#ticker").stopTime(); } } /* when nav item is clicked re-run news ticker function but give it new class to prevent activity */ $("#nav li").click(function() { $("#ticker").addClass("noTicker"); newsTicker(); }); /* when close button is clicked re-run news ticker function but take away new class so activity can start again */ $("#cboxClose").click(function() { $("#ticker").removeClass("noTicker"); newsTicker(); }); Thanks, Wade

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• Using times on the Android platform.

  - by Tarmon

  Hey Everyone, I have a lot of time information in the format of hh:mm and I was wondering if there is a good way to take this information and compare it to the current time. Say I have a list of times for a day and I want to find out which time in this array of strings is the first that has not already past in this day. I was looking at the Calender API and I figured I could break the strings up into hours and minutes by splitting it at the ":" and then create a calender object from that but that seems rather inefficient. Just looking for some input; thanks, Rob <string-array name="example"> <item>6:58</item> <item>7:41</item> <item>8:08</item> <item>8:28</item> <item>8:48</item> <item>9:08</item> <item>9:43</item> <item>10:13</item> <item>10:43</item> <item>11:13</item> <item>11:43</item> <item>12:09</item> <item>12:29</item> <item>12:49</item> <item>1:09</item> <item>1:29</item> <item>1:49</item> <item>2:09</item> <item>2:29</item> <item>2:49</item> <item>3:09</item> <item>3:29</item> <item>3:49</item> <item>4:09</item> <item>4:29</item> <item>4:49</item> <item>5:09</item> <item>5:29</item> <item>5:49</item> <item>6:29</item> <item>7:09</item> <item>7:47</item> <item>8:27</item> <item>9:07</item> <item>9:47</item> <item>10:27</item> </string-array>

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• How to get the child elementsvalue , when the parent element contains different number of child Elem

  - by Subhen

  Hi, I have the following XML Structure: <DIDL-Lite xmlns="urn:schemas-upnp-org:metadata-1-0/DIDL-Lite/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:upnp="urn:schemas-upnp-org:metadata-1-0/upnp/" xmlns:dlna="urn:schemas-dlna-org:metadata-1-0/"> <item id="1268" parentID="20" restricted="1"> <upnp:class>object.item.audioItem.musicTrack</upnp:class> <dc:title>Hey</dc:title> <dc:date>2010-03-17T12:12:26</dc:date> <upnp:albumArtURI dlna:profileID="PNG_TN" xmlns:dlna="urn:schemas-dlna-org:metadata-1-0">URL/albumart/22.png</upnp:albumArtURI> <upnp:icon>URL/albumart/22.png</upnp:icon> <dc:creator>land</dc:creator> <upnp:artist>sland</upnp:artist> <upnp:album>Change</upnp:album> <upnp:genre>Rock</upnp:genre> <res protocolInfo="http-get:*:audio/mpeg:DLNA.ORG_PN=MP3;DLNA.ORG_OP=01;DLNA.ORG_CI=0;DLNA.ORG_FLAGS=01700000000000000000000000000000" size="9527987" duration="0:03:58">URL/1268.mp3</res> <res protocolInfo="http-get:*:image/png:DLNA.ORG_PN=PNG_TN;DLNA.ORG_CI=01;DLNA.ORG_FLAGS=00f00000000000000000000000000000" colorDepth="24" resolution="160x160">URL/albumart/22.png</res> </item> <item id="1269" parentID="20" restricted="1"> <upnp:class>object.item.audioItem.musicTrack</upnp:class> <dc:title>Indian </dc:title> <dc:date>2010-03-17T12:06:32</dc:date> <upnp:albumArtURI dlna:profileID="PNG_TN" xmlns:dlna="urn:schemas-dlna-org:metadata-1-0">URL/albumart/13.png</upnp:albumArtURI> <upnp:icon>URL/albumart/13.png</upnp:icon> <dc:creator>MC</dc:creator> <upnp:artist>MC</upnp:artist> <upnp:album>manimal</upnp:album> <upnp:genre>Rap</upnp:genre> <res protocolInfo="http-get:*:audio/mpeg:DLNA.ORG_PN=MP3;DLNA.ORG_OP=01;DLNA.ORG_CI=0;DLNA.ORG_FLAGS=01700000000000000000000000000000" size="8166707" duration="0:03:24">URL/1269.mp3</res> <res protocolInfo="http-get:*:image/png:DLNA.ORG_PN=PNG_TN;DLNA.ORG_CI=01;DLNA.ORG_FLAGS=00f00000000000000000000000000000" colorDepth="24" resolution="160x160">URL/albumart/13.png</res> </item> <item id="1277" parentID="20" restricted="1"> <upnp:class>object.item.videoItem.movie</upnp:class> <dc:title>IronMan_TeaserTrailer-full_NEW.mpg</dc:title> <dc:date>2010-03-17T12:50:24</dc:date> <upnp:genre>Unknown</upnp:genre> <res protocolInfo="http-get:*:video/mpeg:DLNA.ORG_PN=(NULL);DLNA.ORG_OP=01;DLNA.ORG_CI=0;DLNA.ORG_FLAGS=01700000000000000000000000000000" size="98926592" resolution="1920x1080" duration="0:02:30">URL/1277.mpg</res> </item> </DIDL-Lite> Here in the last Elemnt Item , there are few missing elements like icon,albumArtURi ..etc. Now whhile Ity to access the Values by following LINQ to XML query, var vAudioData = from xAudioinfo in xResponse.Descendants(ns + "DIDL-Lite").Elements(ns + "item").Where(x=>!x.Elements(upnp+"album").l orderby ((string)xAudioinfo.Element(upnp + "artist")).Trim() select new RMSMedia { strAudioTitle = ((string)xAudioinfo.Element(dc + "title")).Trim(),//((string)xAudioinfo.Attribute("audioAlbumcoverImage")).Trim()=="" ? ((string)xAudioinfo.Element("Song")).Trim():"" }; It show object reference is not set to reference of object. I do undersrand this is because of missing elements, is there any way I can pre-check if the elements exist , or check the number of elemnts inside item or any other way. Any help is deeply appreciated. Thanks, Subhen

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