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• How can I sync between multiple threads so that their transaction ID be unique without using mutex?

  - by poly

  I'm writing an application in C that requires multiple threads to request a unique transaction ID from a function as shown below; struct list{ int id; struct list *next }; function generate_id() { linked-list is built here to hold 10 millions } How can I sync between two or more threads so that their transaction ID be unique among them without using mutex, is it possible? Please share anything even if I need to change linked list to something else.

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• How can you become a competent web application security expert without breaking the law?

  - by hal10001

  I find this to be equivalent to undercover police officers who join a gang, do drugs and break the law as a last resort in order to enforce it. To be a competent security expert, I feel hacking has to be a constant hands-on effort. Yet, that requires finding exploits, testing them on live applications, and being able to demonstrate those exploits with confidence. For those that consider themselves "experts" in Web application security, what did you do to learn the art without actually breaking the law? Or, is this the gray area that nobody likes to talk about because you have to bend the law to its limits?

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• How can I make the draggable window border thicker, without changing the appearance?

  - by Bruce Connor

  When you want to resize a window in gnome (as well as in other systems) you can click-and-hold at the window's border and than drag it. The problem is (and do correct me if I'm wrong here) that the draggable border is just a couple of pixels thick in gnome. That tends to be a little frustrating, and contributes to my wrist pains from using the mouse, as it requires very careful movement of the mouse. How can I change the thickness of the area I can click in order to resize a window? I don't want to increase the appearance of the window border, I'm not talking about eye candy here. I want to fine tune this functionality where I can resize a window by dragging its border. Is there a setting somewhere that will change this?

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• Can I test my affiliate ID on a dummy webpage without it being suspended?

  - by user359650

  I've recently applied for an Amazon affiliate program (which was accepted) as I'm planning on advertising books I read, on my website. Before going live with my website, I would like to: 1 -test the whole affiliate program to make sure it's working properly. 2 -buy the books I will review and promote on my website under my own affiliate program in order to get some cash back and therefore save money. To do so, I thought about setting up a simple HTML page (on the actual domain I applied for) which will just list the products I will buy before going live. That way I test, get some cash back, and don't expose my website (Brand, content...) before going live. Can I do this without having my account suspended by Amazon (i.e. won't Amazon think I only applied to the program to get some cash back, will Amazon be happy with receiving affiliate traffic from an almost empty website...) ?

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• What kind of programs/solutions can only be written with OOP or are too hard to achieve without it?

  - by user1598390

  Paraphrasing a recent question: What is Object Oriented Programming ill-suited for? I would like to ask the opposite question: What kind of programs cannot be written unless you use OOP? What kind of programs are not recommended to be written using non-OOP techniques? What kind of programs need OOP in order to even be written? What kind of programs would be too hard to write without OOP ? The answer to this question can help sell the idea of OOP to project leaders that have no special interest in code quality. At least they could buy the idea if one shows them the kind of things that are not even possible unless you use OOP.

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• Virus that tries to brute force attack Active Directory users (in alphabetical order)?

  - by Nate Pinchot

  Users started complaining about slow network speed so I fired up Wireshark. Did some checking and found many PCs sending packets similar to the following: (screenshot) http://imgur.com/45VlI.png I blurred out the text for the username, computer name and domain name (since it matches the internet domain name). Computers are spamming the Active Directory servers trying to brute force hack passwords. It will start with Administrator and go down the list of users in alphabetical order. Physically going to the PC finds no one anywhere near it and this behavior is spread across the network so it appears to be a virus of some sort. Scanning computers which have been caught spamming the server with Malwarebytes, Super Antispyware and BitDefender (this is the antivirus the client has) yields no results. This is an enterprise network with about 2500 PCs so doing a rebuild is not a favorable option. My next step is to contact BitDefender to see what help they can provide. Has anybody seen anything like this or have any ideas what it could possibly be?

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• Do 24pin motherboard wires have to be in a certain order?

  - by jasondavis

  I am wanting to sleeve all the wires in my new PC. On my 24pin motherboard connection cable, I must remove the end plastic connector piece from all the wires to sleeve them all individually. I have a couple questions about this cable though. 1) When I put all the wires back into the connector, must they be in the same order they are in now? 2) I have taken a low quality iphone photo below so you cannot see to well, but in a couple spots I marked with arrows, there is actually 2 wires going into a single slot. I am not sure what to do with those, do all 24pin motherboard connectors have some slots where 2 wires go in like that?

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• How to measure startup time and order of Windows services on boot?

  - by djangofan

  I am not asking how to measure server startup time here. I am wondering if anyone knows of a tool that can measure and show a graph of the startup time and order of all the windows services during system startup. I saw a software program shown on my local Portland news last week that does this but I am unable to remember what it was called or anything else about it. All I remember is that it was a "tech" news story to help computer users with their computers. So, I know the software exists and I am trying to find it.

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• How to create a rule for a contact group/distribution list in order to move emails to a certain folder for Outlook 2013?

  - by SNaRe

  I created a rule for a contact group/distribution list in order to move emails to a certain folder. It works without any problems. Let's call this group 'distgroup'. However, for some emails that comes to the group email(distgroup), 'To' and 'From' fields are same as 'From'. Normally 'To' field is supposed to be 'distrgroup'. Because of this, when I cannot run the same rule for this type of emails since group email address is not written in either 'To' or 'From'. It doesn't move that emails to my certain folder. Is there any solutions about it?

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• How can I get command prompt to merge my files in name order?

  - by Anastasia

  I'm using the copy command in command prompt to merge all the files in a directory, for a number of directories. The problem is, I need to edit the first file in each directory before I merge. This means that when I put in the command "copy /b *.mp3 name.mp3", the joined file has part 2 at the start and part 1 at the end, presumably because it was created last. Is there a way of using the copy command so that the files merge in name order? Each folder has a different number of parts, anywhere from 2 to 1000 so I don't want to list each file with a "+" in between. Ideally, I'd like to find something to insert into the copy command I'm already using. Otherwise, is there a way of rearranging the files in a folder so that if you enter "DIR", part 1 shows up first even if it was edited last? I'm using Windows 7 by the way.

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• Ruby on Rails: Find records based on a method in the model?

  - by sjsc

  I'm looking to use named_scope to find records based on a method in the model. Right now I have in my Order.rb model: def self.paid collect { |order| order if order.paid? } end # the method def paid order.payments.total >= order.total_price end That works, but I can't chain it if I have a shipped named_scope: named_scope :shipped, :conditions => "shipped is true" And I wanted to do: Order.paid.shipped which doesn't work. Any ideas?

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• nhibernate : how to intialise child list objects

  - by frosty

  I have the following method in my repository. This works fine, my orderItems are initialised as intended however orderItems contains another collection called OrderItemAddress. These are not initialised. How would i do this? public Model.Order Get(int id) { using (ISession session = NHibernateHelper.OpenSession()) { Model.Order order = session .CreateCriteria(typeof(Model.Order)) .Add(Restrictions.Eq("Id", id)) .UniqueResult<Model.Order>(); NHibernateUtil.Initialize(order.OrderItems); return order; } }

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• When does logic belong in the Business Object/Entity, and when does it belong in a Service?

  - by Casey

  In trying to understand Domain Driven Design I keep returning to a question that I can't seem to definitively answer. How do you determine what logic belongs to a Domain entity, and what logic belongs to a Domain Service? Example: We have an Order class for an online store. This class is an entity and an aggregate root (it contains OrderItems). Public Class Order:IOrder { Private List<IOrderItem> OrderItems Public Order(List<IOrderItem>) { OrderItems = List<IOrderItem> } Public Decimal CalculateTotalItemWeight() //This logic seems to belong in the entity. { Decimal TotalWeight = 0 foreach(IOrderItem OrderItem in OrderItems) { TotalWeight += OrderItem.Weight } return TotalWeight } } I think most people would agree that CalculateTotalItemWeight belongs on the entity. However, at some point we have to ship this order to the customer. To accomplish this we need to do two things: 1) Determine the postage rate necessary to ship this order. 2) Print a shipping label after determining the postage rate. Both of these actions will require dependencies that are outside the Order entity, such as an external webservice to retrieve postage rates. How should we accomplish these two things? I see a few options: 1) Code the logic directly in the domain entity, like CalculateTotalItemWeight. We then call: Order.GetPostageRate Order.PrintLabel 2) Put the logic in a service that accepts IOrder. We then call: PostageService.GetPostageRate(Order) PrintService.PrintLabel(Order) 3) Create a class for each action that operates on an Order, and pass an instance of that class to the Order through Constructor Injection (this is a variation of option 1 but allows reuse of the RateRetriever and LabelPrinter classes): Public Class Order:IOrder { Private List<IOrderItem> OrderItems Private RateRetriever _Retriever Private LabelPrinter _Printer Public Order(List<IOrderItem>, RateRetriever Retriever, LabelPrinter Printer) { OrderItems = List<IOrderItem> _Retriever = Retriever _Printer = Printer } Public Decimal GetPostageRate { _Retriever.GetPostageRate(this) } Public void PrintLabel { _Printer.PrintLabel(this) } } Which one of these methods do you choose for this logic, if any? What is the reasoning behind your choice? Most importantly, is there a set of guidelines that led you to your choice?

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• WCF + json. WCF response invalid not expected string.

  - by Evgeny

  I have configured wcf service and method which return some structure. The problem that all symbols in response '\' begins with '/' Example: [ { "rel":"http:\/\/localhost:3354\/customer\/1\/order", "uri":"http:\/\/localhost:3354\/customer\/1\/order\/3" }, { "rel":"http:\/\/localhost:3354\/customer\/1\/order", "uri":"http:\/\/localhost:3354\/customer\/1\/order\/5" }, { "rel":"http:\/\/localhost:3354\/customer\/1\/order", "uri":"http:\/\/localhost:3354\/customer\/1\/order\/8" } ] And i return only http:\localhost:3354\customer\1\order ! Why that symbols added and how can i remove them?

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• How do I get sound output on HDMI without the need to start X?

  - by Magnus Hoff

  I have a headless machine connected to my sound system, and I am using it to run a music playing daemon that I control over the network. (Among other things) However, I can't seem to be able to have sound come out of my speakers without running X. I am running pulse audio in a system wide instance and my daemon is not running within X. Nevertheless, when my daemon is playing music without me hearing it, I can fix it by running startx in an unrelated session. After X starts, I can hear the sound. The sound disappears again if I kill the X server. Interestingly/annoyingly, the sound also stops after X has been running for a few minutes. This could possibly be because of a screen saver of some sort, but I haven't been able to verify or falsify this theory. So my current workaround is to ssh into the box whenever I want music and startx, and restart it every fifteen minutes or so. I'd like to do better. I have been able to verify the following: Adjustments in alsamixer have no effect on this problem. The relevant output channel is never muted In alsamixer, I can see no difference between when the sound is working and when it isn't Nothing is muted in pactl list There is no difference in the output from pactl list between before starting X and after it's started. (Except the identifier of the pactl instance connected to pulse, which is different each time you run pactl) The user running the music daemon is a member of the groups audio, pulse and pulse-access The music daemon program does not report any error messages and acts as if it is playing the music like it should Some form of dbus daemon is running. ps aux|grep dbus reports dbus-daemon --system --fork --activation=upstart before and after I have started X Some details about my hardware: Motherboard: http://www.asus.com/Motherboards/AT5IONTI_DELUXE/ Sound chip: Nvidia GPU 0b HDMI/DP (from alsamixer) Using HDMI for output (Machine also has an Intel Realtek ALC887 that I am not using) Output of lsmod: Module Size Used by deflate 12617 0 zlib_deflate 27139 1 deflate ctr 13201 0 twofish_generic 16635 0 twofish_x86_64_3way 25287 0 twofish_x86_64 12907 1 twofish_x86_64_3way twofish_common 20919 3 twofish_generic,twofish_x86_64_3way,twofish_x86_64 camellia 29348 0 serpent 29125 0 blowfish_generic 12530 0 blowfish_x86_64 21466 0 blowfish_common 16739 2 blowfish_generic,blowfish_x86_64 cast5 25112 0 des_generic 21415 0 xcbc 12815 0 rmd160 16744 0 bnep 18281 2 rfcomm 47604 12 sha512_generic 12796 0 crypto_null 12918 0 parport_pc 32866 0 af_key 36389 0 ppdev 17113 0 binfmt_misc 17540 1 nfsd 281980 2 ext2 73795 1 nfs 436929 1 lockd 90326 2 nfsd,nfs fscache 61529 1 nfs auth_rpcgss 53380 2 nfsd,nfs nfs_acl 12883 2 nfsd,nfs sunrpc 255224 16 nfsd,nfs,lockd,auth_rpcgss,nfs_acl btusb 18332 2 vesafb 13844 2 pl2303 17957 1 ath3k 12961 0 bluetooth 180153 24 bnep,rfcomm,btusb,ath3k snd_hda_codec_hdmi 32474 4 nvidia 11308613 0 ftdi_sio 40679 1 usbserial 47113 6 pl2303,ftdi_sio psmouse 97485 0 snd_hda_codec_realtek 224173 1 snd_hda_intel 33719 5 snd_hda_codec 127706 3 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_codec_realtek,snd_hda_intel serio_raw 13211 0 snd_seq_midi 13324 0 snd_hwdep 17764 1 snd_hda_codec snd_pcm 97275 3 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec snd_rawmidi 30748 1 snd_seq_midi snd_seq_midi_event 14899 1 snd_seq_midi snd_seq 61929 2 snd_seq_midi,snd_seq_midi_event snd_timer 29990 2 snd_pcm,snd_seq snd_seq_device 14540 3 snd_seq_midi,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq snd 79041 20 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_codec_realtek,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec,snd_hwdep,snd_pcm,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq,snd_timer,snd_seq_device asus_atk0110 18078 0 mac_hid 13253 0 jc42 13948 0 soundcore 15091 1 snd snd_page_alloc 18529 2 snd_hda_intel,snd_pcm coretemp 13554 0 i2c_i801 17570 0 lp 17799 0 parport 46562 3 parport_pc,ppdev,lp r8169 62154 0 Any ideas? What does X do that's so important?

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• Who owns the IP rights of the software without written employment contract? Employer or employee? [closed]

  - by P T

  I am a software engineer who got an idea, and developed alone an integrated ERP software solution over the past 2 years. I got the idea and coded much of the software in my personal time, utilizing my own resources, but also as intern/employee at small wholesale retailer (company A). I had a verbal agreement with the company that I could keep the IP rights to the code and the company would have the "shop rights" to use "a copy" of the software without restrictions. Part of this agreement was that I was heavily underpaid to keep the rights. Recently things started to take a down turn in the company A as the company grew fairly large and new head management was formed, also new partners were brought in. The original owners distanced themselves from the business, and the new "greedy" group indicated that they want to claim the IP rights to my software, offering me a contract that would split the IP ownership into 50% co-ownership, completely disregarding the initial verbal agreements. As of now there was no single written job description and agreement/contract/policy that I signed with the company A, I signed only I-9 and W-4 forms. I now have an opportunity to leave the company A and form a new business with 2 partners (Company B), obviously using the software as the primary tool. There would be no direct conflict of interest as the company A sells wholesale goods. My core question is: "Who owns the code without contract? Me or the company A? (in FL, US)" Detailed questions: I am familiar with the "shop rights", I don't have any problem leaving a copy of the code in the company for them to use/enhance to run their wholesale business. What worries me, Can the company A make any legal claims to the software/code/IP and potential derived profits/interests after I leave and form a company B? Can applying for a copyright of the code at http://www.copyright.gov in my name prevent any legal disputes in the future? Can I use it as evidence for legal defense? Could adding a note specifying the company A as exclusive license holder clarify the arrangements? If I leave and the company A sues me, what evidence would they use against me? On what basis would the sue since their business is in completely different industry than software (wholesale goods). Every single source file was created/stored on my personal computer with proper documentation including a copyright notice with my credentials (name/email/addres/phone). It's also worth noting that I develop significant part of the software prior to my involvement with the company A as student. If I am forced to sign a contract and the company A doesn't honor the verbal agreement, making claims towards the ownership, what can I do settle the matter legally? I like to avoid legal process altogether as my budget for court battles is extremely limited at the moment. Would altering the code beyond recognition and using it for the company B prevent the company A make any copyright claims? My common sense tells me that what I developed is by default mine in terms of IP, unless there is a signed legal agreement stating otherwise. But looking online it may be completely backwards, this really worries me. I understand that this is not legal advice, and I know to get the ultimate answer I need to hire a lawyer. I am only hoping to get some valuable input/experience/advice/opinion from those who were in similar situation or are familiar with the topic. Thank you, PT

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• How would you gather client's data on Google App Engine without using Datastore/Backend Instances too much?

  - by ruslan

  I'm relatively new to StackExchange and not sure if it's appropriate place to ask design question. Site gives me a hint "The question you're asking appears subjective and is likely to be closed". Please let me know. Anyway.. One of the projects I'm working on is online survey engine. It's my first big commercial project on Google App Engine. I need your advice on how to collect stats and efficiently record them in DataStore without bankrupting me. Initial requirements are: After user finishes survey client sends list of pairs [ID (int) + PercentHit (double)]. This list shows how close answers of this user match predefined answers of reference answerers (which identified by IDs). I call them "target IDs". Creator of the survey wants to see aggregated % for given IDs for last hour, particular timeframe or from the beginning of the survey. Some surveys may have thousands of target/reference answerers. So I created entity public class HitsStatsDO implements Serializable { @Id transient private Long id; transient private Long version = (long) 0; transient private Long startDate; @Parent transient private Key parent; // fake parent which contains target id @Transient int targetId; private double avgPercent; private long hitCount; } But writing HitsStatsDO for each target from each user would give a lot of data. For instance I had a survey with 3000 targets which was answered by ~4 million people within one week with 300K people taking survey in first day. Even if we assume they were answering it evenly for 24 hours it would give us ~1040 writes/second. Obviously it hits concurrent writes limit of Datastore. I decided I'll collect data for one hour and save that, that's why there are avgPercent and hitCount in HitsStatsDO. GAE instances are stateless so I had to use dynamic backend instance. There I have something like this: // Contains stats for one hour private class Shard { ReadWriteLock lock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock(); Map<Integer, HitsStatsDO> map = new HashMap<Integer, HitsStatsDO>(); // Key is target ID public void saveToDatastore(); public void updateStats(Long startDate, Map<Integer, Double> hits); } and map with shard for current hour and previous hour (which doesn't stay here for long) private HashMap<Long, Shard> shards = new HashMap<Long, Shard>(); // Key is HitsStatsDO.startDate So once per hour I dump Shard for previous hour to Datastore. Plus I have class LifetimeStats which keeps Map<Integer, HitsStatsDO> in memcached where map-key is target ID. Also in my backend shutdown hook method I dump stats for unfinished hour to Datastore. There is only one major issue here - I have only ONE backend instance :) It raises following questions on which I'd like to hear your opinion: Can I do this without using backend instance ? What if one instance is not enough ? How can I split data between multiple dynamic backend instances? It hard because I don't know how many I have because Google creates new one as load increases. I know I can launch exact number of resident backend instances. But how many ? 2, 5, 10 ? What if I have no load at all for a week. Constantly running 10 backend instances is too expensive. What do I do with data from clients while backend instance is dead/restarting? Thank you very much in advance for your thoughts.

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• SQL SERVER – Weekly Series – Memory Lane – #004

  - by pinaldave

  Here is the list of curetted articles of SQLAuthority.com across all these years. Instead of just listing all the articles I have selected a few of my most favorite articles and have listed them here with additional notes below it. Let me know which one of the following is your favorite article from memory lane. 2006 Auto Generate Script to Delete Deprecated Fields in Current Database In early career everytime I have to drop a column, I had hard time doing it because I was scared what if that column was needed somewhere in the code. Due to this fear I never dropped any column. I just renamed the column. If the column which I renamed was needed afterwards it was very easy to rename it back again. However, it is not recommended to keep the deleted column renamed in the database. At every interval I used to drop the columns which was prefixed with specific word. This script is 6 years old but still works. Give it a look, I am open for improvements. 2007 Shrinking Truncate Log File – Log Full – Part 2 Shrinking database or mdf file is indeed bad thing and it creates lots of problems. However, once in a while there is legit requirement to shrink the log file – a very rare one. In the rare occasion shrinking or truncating the log file may be the only solution. However, one should make sure to take backup before and after the truncate or shrink as in case of a disaster they can be very useful. Remember that truncating log file will break the log chain and while restore it can create major issue. Anyway, use this feature with caution. 2008 Simple Use of Cursor to Print All Stored Procedures of Database Including Schema This is a very interesting requirement I used to face in my early career days, I needed to print all the Stored procedures of my database. Interesting enough I had written a cursor to do so. Today when I look back at this stored procedure, I believe there will be a much cleaner way to do the same task, however, I still use this SP quite often when I have to document all the stored procedures of my database. Interesting Observation about Order of Resultset without ORDER BY In industry many developers avoid using ORDER BY clause to display the result in particular order thinking that Index is enforcing the order. In this interesting example, I demonstrate that without using ORDER BY, same table and similar query can return different results. Query optimizer always returns results using any method which is optimized for performance. The learning is There is no order unless ORDER BY is used. 2009 Size of Index Table – A Puzzle to Find Index Size for Each Index on Table I asked this puzzle earlier where I asked how to find the Index size for each of the tables. The puzzle was very well received and lots of interesting answers were received. To answer this question I have written following blog posts. I suggest this weekend you try to solve this problem and see if you can come up with a better solution. If not, well here are the solutions. Solution 1 | Solution 2 | Solution 3 Understanding Table Hints with Examples Hints are options and strong suggestions specified for enforcement by the SQL Server query processor on DML statements. The hints override any execution plan the query optimizer might select for a query. The SQL Server Query optimizer is a very smart tool and it makes a better selection of execution plan. Suggesting hints to the Query Optimizer should be attempted when absolutely necessary and by experienced developers who know exactly what they are doing (or in development as a way to experiment and learn). Interesting Observation – TOP 100 PERCENT and ORDER BY I have seen developers and DBAs using TOP very causally when they have to use the ORDER BY clause. Theoretically, there is no need of ORDER BY in the view at all. All the ordering should be done outside the view and view should just have the SELECT statement in it. It was quite common that to save this extra typing by including ordering inside of the view. At several instances developers want a complete resultset and for the same they include TOP 100 PERCENT along with ORDER BY, assuming that this will simulate the SELECT statement with ORDER BY. 2010 SQLPASS Nov 8-11, 2010-Seattle – An Alternative Look at Experience In year 2010 I attended most prestigious SQL Server event SQLPASS between Nov 8-11, 2010 at Seattle. I have only one expression for the event - Best Summit Ever. Instead of writing about my usual routine or the event, I wrote about the interesting things I did and how I felt about it! When I go back and read it, I feel that this is the best event I attended in year 2010. Change Database Access to Single User Mode Using SSMS Image says all. 2011 SQL Server 2012 has introduced new analytic functions. These functions were long awaited and I am glad that they are now here. Before when any of this function was needed, people used to write long T-SQL code to simulate these functions. But now there’s no need of doing so. Having available native function also helps performance as well readability. Function SQLAuthority MSDN CUME_DIST CUME_DIST CUME_DIST FIRST_VALUE FIRST_VALUE FIRST_VALUE LAST_VALUE LAST_VALUE LAST_VALUE LEAD LEAD LEAD LAG LAG LAG PERCENTILE_CONT PERCENTILE_CONT PERCENTILE_CONT PERCENTILE_DISC PERCENTILE_DISC PERCENTILE_DISC PERCENT_RANK PERCENT_RANK PERCENT_RANK Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: Memory Lane, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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• How can I make sound work without starting X?

  - by Magnus Hoff

  I have a headless machine connected to my sound system, and I am using it to run a music playing daemon that I control over the network. (Among other things) However, I can't seem to be able to have sound come out of my speakers without running X. I am running pulse audio in a system wide instance and my daemon is not running within X. Nevertheless, when my daemon is playing music without me hearing it, I can fix it by running startx in an unrelated session. After X starts, I can hear the sound. The sound disappears again if I kill the X server. Interestingly/annoyingly, the sound also stops after X has been running for a few minutes. This could possibly be because of a screen saver of some sort, but I haven't been able to verify or falsify this theory. So my current workaround is to ssh into the box whenever I want music and startx, and restart it every fifteen minutes or so. I'd like to do better. I have been able to verify the following: Adjustments in alsamixer have no effect on this problem. The relevant output channel is never muted In alsamixer, I can see no difference between when the sound is working and when it isn't Nothing is muted in pactl list There is no difference in the output from pactl list between before starting X and after it's started. (Except the identifier of the pactl instance connected to pulse, which is different each time you run pactl) The user running the music daemon is a member of the groups audio, pulse and pulse-access The music daemon program does not report any error messages and acts as if it is playing the music like it should Some form of dbus daemon is running. ps aux|grep dbus reports dbus-daemon --system --fork --activation=upstart before and after I have started X Some details about my hardware: Motherboard: http://www.asus.com/Motherboards/AT5IONTI_DELUXE/ Sound chip: Nvidia GPU 0b HDMI/DP (from alsamixer) Using HDMI for output (Machine also has an Intel Realtek ALC887 that I am not using) Output of lsmod: Module Size Used by deflate 12617 0 zlib_deflate 27139 1 deflate ctr 13201 0 twofish_generic 16635 0 twofish_x86_64_3way 25287 0 twofish_x86_64 12907 1 twofish_x86_64_3way twofish_common 20919 3 twofish_generic,twofish_x86_64_3way,twofish_x86_64 camellia 29348 0 serpent 29125 0 blowfish_generic 12530 0 blowfish_x86_64 21466 0 blowfish_common 16739 2 blowfish_generic,blowfish_x86_64 cast5 25112 0 des_generic 21415 0 xcbc 12815 0 rmd160 16744 0 bnep 18281 2 rfcomm 47604 12 sha512_generic 12796 0 crypto_null 12918 0 parport_pc 32866 0 af_key 36389 0 ppdev 17113 0 binfmt_misc 17540 1 nfsd 281980 2 ext2 73795 1 nfs 436929 1 lockd 90326 2 nfsd,nfs fscache 61529 1 nfs auth_rpcgss 53380 2 nfsd,nfs nfs_acl 12883 2 nfsd,nfs sunrpc 255224 16 nfsd,nfs,lockd,auth_rpcgss,nfs_acl btusb 18332 2 vesafb 13844 2 pl2303 17957 1 ath3k 12961 0 bluetooth 180153 24 bnep,rfcomm,btusb,ath3k snd_hda_codec_hdmi 32474 4 nvidia 11308613 0 ftdi_sio 40679 1 usbserial 47113 6 pl2303,ftdi_sio psmouse 97485 0 snd_hda_codec_realtek 224173 1 snd_hda_intel 33719 5 snd_hda_codec 127706 3 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_codec_realtek,snd_hda_intel serio_raw 13211 0 snd_seq_midi 13324 0 snd_hwdep 17764 1 snd_hda_codec snd_pcm 97275 3 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec snd_rawmidi 30748 1 snd_seq_midi snd_seq_midi_event 14899 1 snd_seq_midi snd_seq 61929 2 snd_seq_midi,snd_seq_midi_event snd_timer 29990 2 snd_pcm,snd_seq snd_seq_device 14540 3 snd_seq_midi,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq snd 79041 20 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_codec_realtek,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec,snd_hwdep,snd_pcm,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq,snd_timer,snd_seq_device asus_atk0110 18078 0 mac_hid 13253 0 jc42 13948 0 soundcore 15091 1 snd snd_page_alloc 18529 2 snd_hda_intel,snd_pcm coretemp 13554 0 i2c_i801 17570 0 lp 17799 0 parport 46562 3 parport_pc,ppdev,lp r8169 62154 0 Any ideas? What does X do that's so important?

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• How can I gather client's data on Google App Engine without using Datastore/Backend Instances too much?

  - by ruslan

  One of the projects I'm working on is online survey engine. It's my first big commercial project on Google App Engine. I need your advice on how to collect stats and efficiently record them in DataStore without bankrupting me. Initial requirements are: After user finishes survey client sends list of pairs [ID (int) + PercentHit (double)]. This list shows how close answers of this user match predefined answers of reference answerers (which identified by IDs). I call them "target IDs". Creator of the survey wants to see aggregated % for given IDs for last hour, particular timeframe or from the beginning of the survey. Some surveys may have thousands of target/reference answerers. So I created entity public class HitsStatsDO implements Serializable { @Id transient private Long id; transient private Long version = (long) 0; transient private Long startDate; @Parent transient private Key parent; // fake parent which contains target id @Transient int targetId; private double avgPercent; private long hitCount; } But writing HitsStatsDO for each target from each user would give a lot of data. For instance I had a survey with 3000 targets which was answered by ~4 million people within one week with 300K people taking survey in first day. Even if we assume they were answering it evenly for 24 hours it would give us ~1040 writes/second. Obviously it hits concurrent writes limit of Datastore. I decided I'll collect data for one hour and save that, that's why there are avgPercent and hitCount in HitsStatsDO. GAE instances are stateless so I had to use dynamic backend instance. There I have something like this: // Contains stats for one hour private class Shard { ReadWriteLock lock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock(); Map<Integer, HitsStatsDO> map = new HashMap<Integer, HitsStatsDO>(); // Key is target ID public void saveToDatastore(); public void updateStats(Long startDate, Map<Integer, Double> hits); } and map with shard for current hour and previous hour (which doesn't stay here for long) private HashMap<Long, Shard> shards = new HashMap<Long, Shard>(); // Key is HitsStatsDO.startDate So once per hour I dump Shard for previous hour to Datastore. Plus I have class LifetimeStats which keeps Map<Integer, HitsStatsDO> in memcached where map-key is target ID. Also in my backend shutdown hook method I dump stats for unfinished hour to Datastore. There is only one major issue here - I have only ONE backend instance :) It raises following questions on which I'd like to hear your opinion: Can I do this without using backend instance ? What if one instance is not enough ? How can I split data between multiple dynamic backend instances? It hard because I don't know how many I have because Google creates new one as load increases. I know I can launch exact number of resident backend instances. But how many ? 2, 5, 10 ? What if I have no load at all for a week. Constantly running 10 backend instances is too expensive. What do I do with data from clients while backend instance is dead/restarting?

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• How Can I List a TDictionary in Alphabetical Order by Key in Delphi 2009?

  - by lkessler

  How can I use a TEnumerator to go through my TDictionary in sorted order by key? I've got something like this: var Dic: TDictionary<string, string>; begin Dic := TDictionary<string, string>.create; Dic.Add('Tired', 'I have been working on this too long'); Dic.Add('Early', 'It is too early in the morning to be working on this'); Dic.Add('HelpMe', 'I need some help'); Dic.Add('Dumb', 'Yes I know this example is dumb'); { The following is what I don't know how to do } for each string1 (ordered by string1) in Dic do some processing with the current Dic element Dic.Free; end; So I would like to process my dictionary in the order: Dumb, Early, HelpMe, Tired. Unfortunately the Delphi help is very minimal in describing how TEnumerator works and gives no examples that I can find. There is also very little written on the web about using Enumerators with Generics in Delphi.

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• How can I ensure my programmatic uploads are done in the correct order?

  - by ccomet

  In our application, we store two copies of a file - an approved one and an unapproved one. Both track their versions separately. When the unapproved is then approved, all of its versions are added as new versions to the approved file. To do this properly, my code has to upload each version separately into the approved folder, and update the item each time with that version's information. For some reason, though, this doesn't always work properly. In my latest scenario, the latest version was uploaded first, and then all of the remaining versions were uploaded afterwards. However, my code explicitly is supposed to upload the other versions first, that's the order I wrote it in. Why is this happening? And if it is possible, how do I ensure that the versions are uploaded in the correct order? Clarification - It's not a problem with the enumeration - I'm getting the previous versions in the correct order. What is happening is that the final version, which is written after the loop, is being uploaded before the loop. Which really doesn't make any sense to me. Here's a condensed version of the relevant code. //These three are initialized earlier in the code. SPList list; //The document library SPListItem item; //The list item in the Unapproved folder int AID; //The item id of the corresponding item in the Approved folder. byte[] contents; //Not initialized. /* These uploads are happening second when they should happen first. */ if (item.File.Versions.Count > 0) { //This loop is actually a separate method call if that matters. //For simplicity I expanded it here. foreach (SPFileVersion fVer in item.File.Versions) { if (!fVer.IsCurrentVersion) { contents = fVer.OpenBinary(); SPFile fSub = aFolder.Files.Add(fVer.File.Name, contents, u1, fVer.CreatedBy, dt1, fVer.Created); SPListItem subItem = list.GetItemById(AID); //This method updates the newly uploaded version with the field data of that version. UpdateFields(item.Versions.GetVersionFromLabel(fVer.VersionLabel), subItem); } } } /* This upload happens first when it should happen last. */ //Does the same as earlier loop, but for the final version. contents = item.File.OpenBinary(); SPFile f = aFolder.Files.Add(item.File.Name, contents, u1, u2, dt1, dt2); SPListItem finalItem = list.GetItemById(AID); UpdateFields(item.Versions[0], finalItem); item.Delete();

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• How can I use functools.partial on multiple methods on an object, and freeze parameters out of order

  - by Joseph Garvin

  I find functools.partial to be extremely useful, but I would like to be able to freeze arguments out of order (the argument you want to freeze is not always the first one) and I'd like to be able to apply it to several methods on a class at once, to make a proxy object that has the same methods as the underlying object except with some of its methods parameter being frozen (think of it as generalizing partial to apply to classes). I've managed to scrap together a version of functools.partial called 'bind' that lets me specify parameters out of order by passing them by keyword argument. That part works: >>> def foo(x, y): ... print x, y ... >>> bar = bind(foo, y=3) >>> bar(2) 2 3 But my proxy class does not work, and I'm not sure why: >>> class Foo(object): ... def bar(self, x, y): ... print x, y ... >>> a = Foo() >>> b = PureProxy(a, bar=bind(Foo.bar, y=3)) >>> b.bar(2) Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> TypeError: bar() takes exactly 3 arguments (2 given) I'm probably doing this all sorts of wrong because I'm just going by what I've pieced together from random documentation, blogs, and running dir() on all the pieces. Suggestions both on how to make this work and better ways to implement it would be appreciated ;) One detail I'm unsure about is how this should all interact with descriptors. Code follows. from types import MethodType class PureProxy(object): def __init__(self, underlying, **substitutions): self.underlying = underlying for name in substitutions: subst_attr = substitutions[name] if hasattr(subst_attr, "underlying"): setattr(self, name, MethodType(subst_attr, self, PureProxy)) def __getattribute__(self, name): return getattr(object.__getattribute__(self, "underlying"), name) def bind(f, *args, **kwargs): """ Lets you freeze arguments of a function be certain values. Unlike functools.partial, you can freeze arguments by name, which has the bonus of letting you freeze them out of order. args will be treated just like partial, but kwargs will properly take into account if you are specifying a regular argument by name. """ argspec = inspect.getargspec(f) argdict = copy(kwargs) if hasattr(f, "im_func"): f = f.im_func args_idx = 0 for arg in argspec.args: if args_idx >= len(args): break argdict[arg] = args[args_idx] args_idx += 1 num_plugged = args_idx def new_func(*inner_args, **inner_kwargs): args_idx = 0 for arg in argspec.args[num_plugged:]: if arg in argdict: continue if args_idx >= len(inner_args): # We can't raise an error here because some remaining arguments # may have been passed in by keyword. break argdict[arg] = inner_args[args_idx] args_idx += 1 f(**dict(argdict, **inner_kwargs)) new_func.underlying = f return new_func

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• Order hybrid mixed mysql search result in one query?

  - by Fredrik

  This problem is easy fixed clientside. But for performance I want to do it directly to the database. LIST a +------+-------+-------+ | name | score | cre | +------+-------+-------+ | Abe | 3 | 1 | | Zoe | 5 | 2 | | Mye | 1 | 3 | | Joe | 3 | 4 | Want to retrieve a joined hybrid result without duplications. Zoe (1st higest score) Joe (1st last submitted) Abe (2nd highest score) Mye (2nd last submitted) ... Clientside i take each search by itself and step though them. but on 100.000+ its getting awkward. To be able to use the LIMIT function would ease things up a lot! SELECT name FROM a ORDER BY score DESC, cre DESC; SELECT name FROM a ORDER BY cre DESC, score DESC;

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• Sort String "13,5,8,4,2,1,9" in ascending order 1,2,4,5,8,9,13 in java

  - by mohan

  How to Sort String = "13,5,8,4,2,1,9" in ascending order 1,2,4,5,8,9,13

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