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• PowerShell: Read text, regex sort, write output to file and formatting

  - by Bill Hunter

  I am a Powershell novice and have run into a challenge in reading, sorting, and outputting a csv file. The input csv has no headers, the data is as follows: 05/25/2010,18:48:33,Stop,a1usak,10.128.212.212 05/25/2010,18:48:36,Start,q2uhal,10.136.198.231 05/25/2010,18:48:09,Stop,s0upxb,10.136.198.231 I use the following piping construct to read the file, sort and output to a file: (Get-Content d:\vpnData\u62gvpn2.csv) | %{,[regex]::Split($, ",")} | sort @{Expression={$[3]}},@{Expression={$_[1]}} | out-file d:\vpnData\u62gvpn3.csv The new file is written with the following format: 05/25/2010 07:41:57 Stop a0uaar 10.128.196.160 05/25/2010 12:24:24 Start a0uaar 10.136.199.51 05/25/2010 20:00:56 Stop a0uaar 10.136.199.51 What I would like to see in the output file is a similar format to the original input file with comma dilimiters: 05/25/2010,07:41:57,Stop,a0uaar,10.128.196.160 05/25/2010,12:24:24,Start,a0uaar,10.136.199.51 05/25/2010,20:00:56,Stop,a0uaar,10.136.199.51 But I can't quite seem to get there. I'm almost of the mind that I'll have to write another segment to read the newly produced file and reset its contents to the preferred format for further processing. Thoughts?

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• Algorithm to match natural text in mail

  - by snøreven

  I need to separate natural, coherent text/sentences in emails from lists, signatures, greetings and so on before further processing. example: Hi tom, last monday we did bla bla, lore Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisici elit, sed eiusmod tempor incidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. list item 2 list item 3 list item 3 Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquid x ea commodi consequat. Quis aute iure reprehenderit in voluptate velit regards, K. ---line-of-funny-characters-####### example inc. 33 evil street, london mobile: 00 234534/234345 Ideally the algorithm would match only the bold parts. Is there any recommended approach - or are there even existing algorithms for that problem? Should I try approximate regular expressions or more statistical stuff based on number of punctation marks, length and so on?

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• JavaScript using toString on a Function object to read text content

  - by mseeley

  Calling toString() on the function below returns different strings across browsers. I understand this is because ECMA-262 15.3.4.2 leaves wiggle room for each vendor. Chrome returns the comments in addition to all syntax. Sadly Firefox 3.6 omits the comments. Based on Firefox's behavior I haven't tested IE, Opera, or Safari. function foo() { /* comment */ var bar = true; } Specifically, I am attempting to embed meta data within a specially formatted comment block within a function. Later the return value of the functions toString() method would be parsed and values returned as an object. I've been unable to locate compatibility tables or alternatives to toString(). Does the community have any ideas? Btw, pre-processing JS files isn't an option. :( Thanks a lot. :)

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• The Incremental Architect&rsquo;s Napkin - #5 - Design functions for extensibility and readability

  - by Ralf Westphal

  Originally posted on: http://geekswithblogs.net/theArchitectsNapkin/archive/2014/08/24/the-incremental-architectrsquos-napkin---5---design-functions-for.aspx The functionality of programs is entered via Entry Points. So what we´re talking about when designing software is a bunch of functions handling the requests represented by and flowing in through those Entry Points. Designing software thus consists of at least three phases: Analyzing the requirements to find the Entry Points and their signatures Designing the functionality to be executed when those Entry Points get triggered Implementing the functionality according to the design aka coding I presume, you´re familiar with phase 1 in some way. And I guess you´re proficient in implementing functionality in some programming language. But in my experience developers in general are not experienced in going through an explicit phase 2. “Designing functionality? What´s that supposed to mean?” you might already have thought. Here´s my definition: To design functionality (or functional design for short) means thinking about… well, functions. You find a solution for what´s supposed to happen when an Entry Point gets triggered in terms of functions. A conceptual solution that is, because those functions only exist in your head (or on paper) during this phase. But you may have guess that, because it´s “design” not “coding”. And here is, what functional design is not: It´s not about logic. Logic is expressions (e.g. +, -, && etc.) and control statements (e.g. if, switch, for, while etc.). Also I consider calling external APIs as logic. It´s equally basic. It´s what code needs to do in order to deliver some functionality or quality. Logic is what´s doing that needs to be done by software. Transformations are either done through expressions or API-calls. And then there is alternative control flow depending on the result of some expression. Basically it´s just jumps in Assembler, sometimes to go forward (if, switch), sometimes to go backward (for, while, do). But calling your own function is not logic. It´s not necessary to produce any outcome. Functionality is not enhanced by adding functions (subroutine calls) to your code. Nor is quality increased by adding functions. No performance gain, no higher scalability etc. through functions. Functions are not relevant to functionality. Strange, isn´t it. What they are important for is security of investment. By introducing functions into our code we can become more productive (re-use) and can increase evolvability (higher unterstandability, easier to keep code consistent). That´s no small feat, however. Evolvable code can hardly be overestimated. That´s why to me functional design is so important. It´s at the core of software development. To sum this up: Functional design is on a level of abstraction above (!) logical design or algorithmic design. Functional design is only done until you get to a point where each function is so simple you are very confident you can easily code it. Functional design an logical design (which mostly is coding, but can also be done using pseudo code or flow charts) are complementary. Software needs both. If you start coding right away you end up in a tangled mess very quickly. Then you need back out through refactoring. Functional design on the other hand is bloodless without actual code. It´s just a theory with no experiments to prove it. But how to do functional design? An example of functional design Let´s assume a program to de-duplicate strings. The user enters a number of strings separated by commas, e.g. a, b, a, c, d, b, e, c, a. And the program is supposed to clear this list of all doubles, e.g. a, b, c, d, e. There is only one Entry Point to this program: the user triggers the de-duplication by starting the program with the string list on the command line C:\>deduplicate "a, b, a, c, d, b, e, c, a" a, b, c, d, e …or by clicking on a GUI button. This leads to the Entry Point function to get called. It´s the program´s main function in case of the batch version or a button click event handler in the GUI version. That´s the physical Entry Point so to speak. It´s inevitable. What then happens is a three step process: Transform the input data from the user into a request. Call the request handler. Transform the output of the request handler into a tangible result for the user. Or to phrase it a bit more generally: Accept input. Transform input into output. Present output. This does not mean any of these steps requires a lot of effort. Maybe it´s just one line of code to accomplish it. Nevertheless it´s a distinct step in doing the processing behind an Entry Point. Call it an aspect or a responsibility - and you will realize it most likely deserves a function of its own to satisfy the Single Responsibility Principle (SRP). Interestingly the above list of steps is already functional design. There is no logic, but nevertheless the solution is described - albeit on a higher level of abstraction than you might have done yourself. But it´s still on a meta-level. The application to the domain at hand is easy, though: Accept string list from command line De-duplicate Present de-duplicated strings on standard output And this concrete list of processing steps can easily be transformed into code:static void Main(string[] args) { var input = Accept_string_list(args); var output = Deduplicate(input); Present_deduplicated_string_list(output); } Instead of a big problem there are three much smaller problems now. If you think each of those is trivial to implement, then go for it. You can stop the functional design at this point. But maybe, just maybe, you´re not so sure how to go about with the de-duplication for example. Then just implement what´s easy right now, e.g.private static string Accept_string_list(string[] args) { return args[0]; } private static void Present_deduplicated_string_list( string[] output) { var line = string.Join(", ", output); Console.WriteLine(line); } Accept_string_list() contains logic in the form of an API-call. Present_deduplicated_string_list() contains logic in the form of an expression and an API-call. And then repeat the functional design for the remaining processing step. What´s left is the domain logic: de-duplicating a list of strings. How should that be done? Without any logic at our disposal during functional design you´re left with just functions. So which functions could make up the de-duplication? Here´s a suggestion: De-duplicate Parse the input string into a true list of strings. Register each string in a dictionary/map/set. That way duplicates get cast away. Transform the data structure into a list of unique strings. Processing step 2 obviously was the core of the solution. That´s where real creativity was needed. That´s the core of the domain. But now after this refinement the implementation of each step is easy again:private static string[] Parse_string_list(string input) { return input.Split(',') .Select(s => s.Trim()) .ToArray(); } private static Dictionary<string,object> Compile_unique_strings(string[] strings) { return strings.Aggregate( new Dictionary<string, object>(), (agg, s) => { agg[s] = null; return agg; }); } private static string[] Serialize_unique_strings( Dictionary<string,object> dict) { return dict.Keys.ToArray(); } With these three additional functions Main() now looks like this:static void Main(string[] args) { var input = Accept_string_list(args); var strings = Parse_string_list(input); var dict = Compile_unique_strings(strings); var output = Serialize_unique_strings(dict); Present_deduplicated_string_list(output); } I think that´s very understandable code: just read it from top to bottom and you know how the solution to the problem works. It´s a mirror image of the initial design: Accept string list from command line Parse the input string into a true list of strings. Register each string in a dictionary/map/set. That way duplicates get cast away. Transform the data structure into a list of unique strings. Present de-duplicated strings on standard output You can even re-generate the design by just looking at the code. Code and functional design thus are always in sync - if you follow some simple rules. But about that later. And as a bonus: all the functions making up the process are small - which means easy to understand, too. So much for an initial concrete example. Now it´s time for some theory. Because there is method to this madness ;-) The above has only scratched the surface. Introducing Flow Design Functional design starts with a given function, the Entry Point. Its goal is to describe the behavior of the program when the Entry Point is triggered using a process, not an algorithm. An algorithm consists of logic, a process on the other hand consists just of steps or stages. Each processing step transforms input into output or a side effect. Also it might access resources, e.g. a printer, a database, or just memory. Processing steps thus can rely on state of some sort. This is different from Functional Programming, where functions are supposed to not be stateful and not cause side effects.[1] In its simplest form a process can be written as a bullet point list of steps, e.g. Get data from user Output result to user Transform data Parse data Map result for output Such a compilation of steps - possibly on different levels of abstraction - often is the first artifact of functional design. It can be generated by a team in an initial design brainstorming. Next comes ordering the steps. What should happen first, what next etc.? Get data from user Parse data Transform data Map result for output Output result to user That´s great for a start into functional design. It´s better than starting to code right away on a given function using TDD. Please get me right: TDD is a valuable practice. But it can be unnecessarily hard if the scope of a functionn is too large. But how do you know beforehand without investing some thinking? And how to do this thinking in a systematic fashion? My recommendation: For any given function you´re supposed to implement first do a functional design. Then, once you´re confident you know the processing steps - which are pretty small - refine and code them using TDD. You´ll see that´s much, much easier - and leads to cleaner code right away. For more information on this approach I call “Informed TDD” read my book of the same title. Thinking before coding is smart. And writing down the solution as a bunch of functions possibly is the simplest thing you can do, I´d say. It´s more according to the KISS (Keep It Simple, Stupid) principle than returning constants or other trivial stuff TDD development often is started with. So far so good. A simple ordered list of processing steps will do to start with functional design. As shown in the above example such steps can easily be translated into functions. Moving from design to coding thus is simple. However, such a list does not scale. Processing is not always that simple to be captured in a list. And then the list is just text. Again. Like code. That means the design is lacking visuality. Textual representations need more parsing by your brain than visual representations. Plus they are limited in their “dimensionality”: text just has one dimension, it´s sequential. Alternatives and parallelism are hard to encode in text. In addition the functional design using numbered lists lacks data. It´s not visible what´s the input, output, and state of the processing steps. That´s why functional design should be done using a lightweight visual notation. No tool is necessary to draw such designs. Use pen and paper; a flipchart, a whiteboard, or even a napkin is sufficient. Visualizing processes The building block of the functional design notation is a functional unit. I mostly draw it like this: Something is done, it´s clear what goes in, it´s clear what comes out, and it´s clear what the processing step requires in terms of state or hardware. Whenever input flows into a functional unit it gets processed and output is produced and/or a side effect occurs. Flowing data is the driver of something happening. That´s why I call this approach to functional design Flow Design. It´s about data flow instead of control flow. Control flow like in algorithms is of no concern to functional design. Thinking about control flow simply is too low level. Once you start with control flow you easily get bogged down by tons of details. That´s what you want to avoid during design. Design is supposed to be quick, broad brush, abstract. It should give overview. But what about all the details? As Robert C. Martin rightly said: “Programming is abot detail”. Detail is a matter of code. Once you start coding the processing steps you designed you can worry about all the detail you want. Functional design does not eliminate all the nitty gritty. It just postpones tackling them. To me that´s also an example of the SRP. Function design has the responsibility to come up with a solution to a problem posed by a single function (Entry Point). And later coding has the responsibility to implement the solution down to the last detail (i.e. statement, API-call). TDD unfortunately mixes both responsibilities. It´s just coding - and thereby trying to find detailed implementations (green phase) plus getting the design right (refactoring). To me that´s one reason why TDD has failed to deliver on its promise for many developers. Using functional units as building blocks of functional design processes can be depicted very easily. Here´s the initial process for the example problem: For each processing step draw a functional unit and label it. Choose a verb or an “action phrase” as a label, not a noun. Functional design is about activities, not state or structure. Then make the output of an upstream step the input of a downstream step. Finally think about the data that should flow between the functional units. Write the data above the arrows connecting the functional units in the direction of the data flow. Enclose the data description in brackets. That way you can clearly see if all flows have already been specified. Empty brackets mean “no data is flowing”, but nevertheless a signal is sent. A name like “list” or “strings” in brackets describes the data content. Use lower case labels for that purpose. A name starting with an upper case letter like “String” or “Customer” on the other hand signifies a data type. If you like, you also can combine descriptions with data types by separating them with a colon, e.g. (list:string) or (strings:string[]). But these are just suggestions from my practice with Flow Design. You can do it differently, if you like. Just be sure to be consistent. Flows wired-up in this manner I call one-dimensional (1D). Each functional unit just has one input and/or one output. A functional unit without an output is possible. It´s like a black hole sucking up input without producing any output. Instead it produces side effects. A functional unit without an input, though, does make much sense. When should it start to work? What´s the trigger? That´s why in the above process even the first processing step has an input. If you like, view such 1D-flows as pipelines. Data is flowing through them from left to right. But as you can see, it´s not always the same data. It get´s transformed along its passage: (args) becomes a (list) which is turned into (strings). The Principle of Mutual Oblivion A very characteristic trait of flows put together from function units is: no functional units knows another one. They are all completely independent of each other. Functional units don´t know where their input is coming from (or even when it´s gonna arrive). They just specify a range of values they can process. And they promise a certain behavior upon input arriving. Also they don´t know where their output is going. They just produce it in their own time independent of other functional units. That means at least conceptually all functional units work in parallel. Functional units don´t know their “deployment context”. They now nothing about the overall flow they are place in. They are just consuming input from some upstream, and producing output for some downstream. That makes functional units very easy to test. At least as long as they don´t depend on state or resources. I call this the Principle of Mutual Oblivion (PoMO). Functional units are oblivious of others as well as an overall context/purpose. They are just parts of a whole focused on a single responsibility. How the whole is built, how a larger goal is achieved, is of no concern to the single functional units. By building software in such a manner, functional design interestingly follows nature. Nature´s building blocks for organisms also follow the PoMO. The cells forming your body do not know each other. Take a nerve cell “controlling” a muscle cell for example:[2] The nerve cell does not know anything about muscle cells, let alone the specific muscel cell it is “attached to”. Likewise the muscle cell does not know anything about nerve cells, let a lone a specific nerve cell “attached to” it. Saying “the nerve cell is controlling the muscle cell” thus only makes sense when viewing both from the outside. “Control” is a concept of the whole, not of its parts. Control is created by wiring-up parts in a certain way. Both cells are mutually oblivious. Both just follow a contract. One produces Acetylcholine (ACh) as output, the other consumes ACh as input. Where the ACh is going, where it´s coming from neither cell cares about. Million years of evolution have led to this kind of division of labor. And million years of evolution have produced organism designs (DNA) which lead to the production of these different cell types (and many others) and also to their co-location. The result: the overall behavior of an organism. How and why this happened in nature is a mystery. For our software, though, it´s clear: functional and quality requirements needs to be fulfilled. So we as developers have to become “intelligent designers” of “software cells” which we put together to form a “software organism” which responds in satisfying ways to triggers from it´s environment. My bet is: If nature gets complex organisms working by following the PoMO, who are we to not apply this recipe for success to our much simpler “machines”? So my rule is: Wherever there is functionality to be delivered, because there is a clear Entry Point into software, design the functionality like nature would do it. Build it from mutually oblivious functional units. That´s what Flow Design is about. In that way it´s even universal, I´d say. Its notation can also be applied to biology: Never mind labeling the functional units with nouns. That´s ok in Flow Design. You´ll do that occassionally for functional units on a higher level of abstraction or when their purpose is close to hardware. Getting a cockroach to roam your bedroom takes 1,000,000 nerve cells (neurons). Getting the de-duplication program to do its job just takes 5 “software cells” (functional units). Both, though, follow the same basic principle. Translating functional units into code Moving from functional design to code is no rocket science. In fact it´s straightforward. There are two simple rules: Translate an input port to a function. Translate an output port either to a return statement in that function or to a function pointer visible to that function. The simplest translation of a functional unit is a function. That´s what you saw in the above example. Functions are mutually oblivious. That why Functional Programming likes them so much. It makes them composable. Which is the reason, nature works according to the PoMO. Let´s be clear about one thing: There is no dependency injection in nature. For all of an organism´s complexity no DI container is used. Behavior is the result of smooth cooperation between mutually oblivious building blocks. Functions will often be the adequate translation for the functional units in your designs. But not always. Take for example the case, where a processing step should not always produce an output. Maybe the purpose is to filter input. Here the functional unit consumes words and produces words. But it does not pass along every word flowing in. Some words are swallowed. Think of a spell checker. It probably should not check acronyms for correctness. There are too many of them. Or words with no more than two letters. Such words are called “stop words”. In the above picture the optionality of the output is signified by the astrisk outside the brackets. It means: Any number of (word) data items can flow from the functional unit for each input data item. It might be none or one or even more. This I call a stream of data. Such behavior cannot be translated into a function where output is generated with return. Because a function always needs to return a value. So the output port is translated into a function pointer or continuation which gets passed to the subroutine when called:[3]void filter_stop_words( string word, Action<string> onNoStopWord) { if (...check if not a stop word...) onNoStopWord(word); } If you want to be nitpicky you might call such a function pointer parameter an injection. And technically you´re right. Conceptually, though, it´s not an injection. Because the subroutine is not functionally dependent on the continuation. Firstly continuations are procedures, i.e. subroutines without a return type. Remember: Flow Design is about unidirectional data flow. Secondly the name of the formal parameter is chosen in a way as to not assume anything about downstream processing steps. onNoStopWord describes a situation (or event) within the functional unit only. Translating output ports into function pointers helps keeping functional units mutually oblivious in cases where output is optional or produced asynchronically. Either pass the function pointer to the function upon call. Or make it global by putting it on the encompassing class. Then it´s called an event. In C# that´s even an explicit feature.class Filter { public void filter_stop_words( string word) { if (...check if not a stop word...) onNoStopWord(word); } public event Action<string> onNoStopWord; } When to use a continuation and when to use an event dependens on how a functional unit is used in flows and how it´s packed together with others into classes. You´ll see examples further down the Flow Design road. Another example of 1D functional design Let´s see Flow Design once more in action using the visual notation. How about the famous word wrap kata? Robert C. Martin has posted a much cited solution including an extensive reasoning behind his TDD approach. So maybe you want to compare it to Flow Design. The function signature given is:string WordWrap(string text, int maxLineLength) {...} That´s not an Entry Point since we don´t see an application with an environment and users. Nevertheless it´s a function which is supposed to provide a certain functionality. The text passed in has to be reformatted. The input is a single line of arbitrary length consisting of words separated by spaces. The output should consist of one or more lines of a maximum length specified. If a word is longer than a the maximum line length it can be split in multiple parts each fitting in a line. Flow Design Let´s start by brainstorming the process to accomplish the feat of reformatting the text. What´s needed? Words need to be assembled into lines Words need to be extracted from the input text The resulting lines need to be assembled into the output text Words too long to fit in a line need to be split Does sound about right? I guess so. And it shows a kind of priority. Long words are a special case. So maybe there is a hint for an incremental design here. First let´s tackle “average words” (words not longer than a line). Here´s the Flow Design for this increment: The the first three bullet points turned into functional units with explicit data added. As the signature requires a text is transformed into another text. See the input of the first functional unit and the output of the last functional unit. In between no text flows, but words and lines. That´s good to see because thereby the domain is clearly represented in the design. The requirements are talking about words and lines and here they are. But note the asterisk! It´s not outside the brackets but inside. That means it´s not a stream of words or lines, but lists or sequences. For each text a sequence of words is output. For each sequence of words a sequence of lines is produced. The asterisk is used to abstract from the concrete implementation. Like with streams. Whether the list of words gets implemented as an array or an IEnumerable is not important during design. It´s an implementation detail. Does any processing step require further refinement? I don´t think so. They all look pretty “atomic” to me. And if not… I can always backtrack and refine a process step using functional design later once I´ve gained more insight into a sub-problem. Implementation The implementation is straightforward as you can imagine. The processing steps can all be translated into functions. Each can be tested easily and separately. Each has a focused responsibility. And the process flow becomes just a sequence of function calls: Easy to understand. It clearly states how word wrapping works - on a high level of abstraction. And it´s easy to evolve as you´ll see. Flow Design - Increment 2 So far only texts consisting of “average words” are wrapped correctly. Words not fitting in a line will result in lines too long. Wrapping long words is a feature of the requested functionality. Whether it´s there or not makes a difference to the user. To quickly get feedback I decided to first implement a solution without this feature. But now it´s time to add it to deliver the full scope. Fortunately Flow Design automatically leads to code following the Open Closed Principle (OCP). It´s easy to extend it - instead of changing well tested code. How´s that possible? Flow Design allows for extension of functionality by inserting functional units into the flow. That way existing functional units need not be changed. The data flow arrow between functional units is a natural extension point. No need to resort to the Strategy Pattern. No need to think ahead where extions might need to be made in the future. I just “phase in” the remaining processing step: Since neither Extract words nor Reformat know of their environment neither needs to be touched due to the “detour”. The new processing step accepts the output of the existing upstream step and produces data compatible with the existing downstream step. Implementation - Increment 2 A trivial implementation checking the assumption if this works does not do anything to split long words. The input is just passed on: Note how clean WordWrap() stays. The solution is easy to understand. A developer looking at this code sometime in the future, when a new feature needs to be build in, quickly sees how long words are dealt with. Compare this to Robert C. Martin´s solution:[4] How does this solution handle long words? Long words are not even part of the domain language present in the code. At least I need considerable time to understand the approach. Admittedly the Flow Design solution with the full implementation of long word splitting is longer than Robert C. Martin´s. At least it seems. Because his solution does not cover all the “word wrap situations” the Flow Design solution handles. Some lines would need to be added to be on par, I guess. But even then… Is a difference in LOC that important as long as it´s in the same ball park? I value understandability and openness for extension higher than saving on the last line of code. Simplicity is not just less code, it´s also clarity in design. But don´t take my word for it. Try Flow Design on larger problems and compare for yourself. What´s the easier, more straightforward way to clean code? And keep in mind: You ain´t seen all yet ;-) There´s more to Flow Design than described in this chapter. In closing I hope I was able to give you a impression of functional design that makes you hungry for more. To me it´s an inevitable step in software development. Jumping from requirements to code does not scale. And it leads to dirty code all to quickly. Some thought should be invested first. Where there is a clear Entry Point visible, it´s functionality should be designed using data flows. Because with data flows abstraction is possible. For more background on why that´s necessary read my blog article here. For now let me point out to you - if you haven´t already noticed - that Flow Design is a general purpose declarative language. It´s “programming by intention” (Shalloway et al.). Just write down how you think the solution should work on a high level of abstraction. This breaks down a large problem in smaller problems. And by following the PoMO the solutions to those smaller problems are independent of each other. So they are easy to test. Or you could even think about getting them implemented in parallel by different team members. Flow Design not only increases evolvability, but also helps becoming more productive. All team members can participate in functional design. This goes beyon collective code ownership. We´re talking collective design/architecture ownership. Because with Flow Design there is a common visual language to talk about functional design - which is the foundation for all other design activities.   PS: If you like what you read, consider getting my ebook “The Incremental Architekt´s Napkin”. It´s where I compile all the articles in this series for easier reading. I like the strictness of Function Programming - but I also find it quite hard to live by. And it certainly is not what millions of programmers are used to. Also to me it seems, the real world is full of state and side effects. So why give them such a bad image? That´s why functional design takes a more pragmatic approach. State and side effects are ok for processing steps - but be sure to follow the SRP. Don´t put too much of it into a single processing step. ? Image taken from www.physioweb.org ? My code samples are written in C#. C# sports typed function pointers called delegates. Action is such a function pointer type matching functions with signature void someName(T t). Other languages provide similar ways to work with functions as first class citizens - even Java now in version 8. I trust you find a way to map this detail of my translation to your favorite programming language. I know it works for Java, C++, Ruby, JavaScript, Python, Go. And if you´re using a Functional Programming language it´s of course a no brainer. ? Taken from his blog post “The Craftsman 62, The Dark Path”. ?

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• Why is the code section called a text section?

  - by Gilles

  The section of an executable that contains code is sometimes called the .text section. In segmented memory architectures, a segment mapped as code is sometimes called a text segment. The unix error message “text file busy” (ETXTBSY) means “this file is a program that is being executed”. How did text come to mean executable (machine) code? An ideal answer would: explain the connection between the word and its meaning; provide a citation for the origin or at least the history of the term; give some idea of which communities use it.

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• WebCenter Customer Spotlight: Texas Industries, Inc.

  - by me

  Author: Peter Reiser - Social Business Evangelist, Oracle WebCenter  Solution SummaryTexas Industries, Inc. (TXI) is a leading supplier of cement, aggregate, and consumer product building materials for residential, commercial, and public works projects. TXI is based in Dallas and employs around 2,000 employees. The customer had the challenge of decentralized and manual processes for entering 180,000 vendor invoices annually.  Invoice entry was a time- and resource-intensive process that entailed significant personnel requirements. TXI implemented a centralized solution leveraging Oracle WebCenter Imaging, a smart routing solution that enables users to capture invoices electronically with Oracle WebCenter Capture and Oracle WebCenter Forms Recognition to send  the invoices through to Oracle Financials for approvals and processing.  TXI significantly lowered resource needs for payable processing,  increase productivity by 80% and reduce invoice processing cycle times by 84%—from 20 to 30 days to just 3 to 5 days, on average. Company OverviewTexas Industries, Inc. (TXI) is a leading supplier of cement, aggregate, and consumer product building materials for residential, commercial, and public works projects. With operating subsidiaries in six states, TXI is the largest producer of cement in Texas and a major producer in California. TXI is a major supplier of stone, sand, gravel, and expanded shale and clay products, and one of the largest producers of bagged cement and concrete  products in the Southwest. Business ChallengesTXI had the challenge of decentralized and manual processes for entering 180,000 vendor invoices annually.  Invoice entry was a time- and resource-intensive process that entailed significant personnel requirements. Their business objectives were: Increase the efficiency of core business processes, such as invoice processing, to support the organization’s desire to maintain its role as the Southwest’s leader in delivering high-quality, low-cost products to the construction industry Meet the audit and regulatory requirements for achieving Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) compliance Streamline entry of 180,000 invoices annually to accelerate processing, reduce errors, cut invoice storage and routing costs, and increase visibility into payables liabilities Solution DeployedTXI replaced a resource-intensive, paper-based, decentralized process for invoice entry with a centralized solution leveraging Oracle WebCenter Imaging 11g. They worked with the Oracle Partner Keste LLC to develop a smart routing solution that enables users to capture invoices electronically with Oracle WebCenter Capture and then uses Oracle WebCenter Forms Recognition and the Oracle WebCenter Imaging workflow to send the invoices through to Oracle Financials for approvals and processing. Business Results Significantly lowered resource needs for payable processing through centralization and improved efficiency  Enabled the company to process invoices faster and pay bills earlier, allowing it to take advantage of additional vendor discounts Tracked to increase productivity by 80% and reduce invoice processing cycle times by 84%—from 20 to 30 days to just 3 to 5 days, on average Achieved a 25% reduction in paper invoice storage costs now that invoices are captured digitally, and enabled a 50% reduction in shipping costs, as the company no longer has to send paper invoices between headquarters and production facilities for approvals “Entering and manually processing more than 180,000 vendor invoices annually was time and labor intensive. With Oracle Imaging and Process Management, we have automated and centralized invoice entry and processing at our corporate office, improving productivity by 80% and reducing invoice processing cycle times by 84%—a very important efficiency gain.” Terry Marshall, Vice President of Information Services, Texas Industries, Inc. Additional Information TXI Customer Snapshot Oracle WebCenter Content Oracle WebCenter Capture Oracle WebCenter Forms Recognition

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• Best practice for storing HTML coming from text fields to a database?

  - by user1767270

  I have an application that allows users to edit certain parts of text and then email that out. My question is what is the best way to store this in a Microsoft SQL Server database. Right now I have two tables, one holding the HTML data and one holding the plain text data. When the user saves the info, it replaces newlines with br's and puts it in the HTML-conntaining table and then puts the regular text in the other table. This way the text box has the newlines when they go to edit, but the table that contains the HTML data, has the BR's. This seems like a silly way to do things. What would be the best practice? Thanks.

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• Is there a better approach to speech synthesis than text-to-speech for more natural output? [closed]

  - by Anne Nonimus

  We've all heard the output of text-to-speech systems, and for anything but very short phrases, it sounds very machine-like. The ultimate goal of speech synthesis systems is to pass a Turing test of hearing. Clearly, the state of the art in text-to-speech has much to improve. However, speech synthesis isn't restricted to just text-to-speech systems, and I'm wondering if other approaches have been tried with better success. In other words, has there been any work done (libraries, software, research papers, etc.) on natural speech synthesis other than text-to-speech systems?

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• Ubuntu 14.04 Notification incorrectly displayed

  - by xenolyse

  I have a problem with my notifications on Ubuntu 14.04 x64. The notifications are just plain text with a colored background, and are also strangely placed in the top left corner. I have no idea on how it changed. After one reboot it was just there.. Here is a picture of the problem in question.: As you can see the notification appear over the unified menu. How can I restore the original state of the notification bubble? Here are the settings in ~/.notify-osd slot-allocation = fixed bubble-expire-timeout = 10sec bubble-vertical-gap = 5px bubble-horizontal-gap = 5px bubble-corner-radius = 37,5% bubble-icon-size = 30px bubble-gauge-size = 6px bubble-width = 240px bubble-background-color = 131313 bubble-background-opacity = 90% text-margin-size = 10px text-title-size = 100% text-title-weight = bold text-title-color = ffffff text-title-opacity = 100% text-body-size = 90% text-body-weight = normal text-body-color = eaeaea text-body-opacity = 100% text-shadow-opacity = 100% If I check the org.freedesktop.Notifications.service(/usr/share/dbus-1/servies) it appears to use the correct one. [D-BUS Service] Name=org.freedesktop.Notifications Exec=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/notify-osd

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• Shouldn't all source code be plain text? [on hold]

  - by user61852

  Some developing environment/languages save the source code you write in a binary/propietary format that you cannot see or edit with a generic text editor. I'm not talking about compiled code, but the source code. An example could be PowerBuilder and Oracle Forms. It's ok you use proprietary technology if you want, but not being able to open the source code you wrote, in a simple editor, if only to read it, seems like a very strict form of vendor lock-in. Also this prevents you from using text-based version controls that can show you the difference between two versions in a line-by-line base. If the code is plain text, you don't need a license in order to just open it, see it and learn from it. Should it be a golden rule to avoid vendor lock-in to avoid technologies that save your source code to anything but plain text files ?

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• How to handle multi-processing of libraries which already spawn sub-processes?

  - by exhuma

  I am having some trouble coming up with a good solution to limit sub-processes in a script which uses a multi-processed library and the script itself is also multi-processed. Both, the library and script are modifiable by us. I believe the question is more about design than actual code, but for what it's worth, it's written in Python. The goal of the library is to hide implementation details of various internet routers. For that reason, the library has a "Proxy" factory method which takes the IP of a router as parameter. The factory then probes the device using a set of possible proxies. Usually, there is one proxy which immediately knows that is is able to send commands to this device. All others usually take some time to return (given a timeout). One thought was already to simply query the device for an identifier, and then select the proper proxy using that, but in order to do so, you would already need to know how to query the device. Abstracting this knowledge is one of the main purposes of the library, so that becomes a little bit of a "circular-requirement"/deadlock: To connect to a device, you need to know what proxy to use, and to know what proxy to create, you need to connect to a device. So probing the device is - as we can see - the best solution so far, apart from keeping a lookup-table somewhere. The library currently kills all remaining processes once a valid proxy has been found. And yes, there is always only one good proxy per device. Currently there are about 12 proxies. So if one create a proxy instance using the factory, 12 sub-processes are spawned. So far, this has been really useful and worked very well. But recently someone else wanted to use this library to "broadcast" a command to all devices. So he took the library, and wrote his own multi-processed script. This obviously spawned 12 * n processes where n is the number of IPs to which he broadcasted. This has given us two problems: The host on which the command was executed slowed down to a near halt. Aborting the script with CTRL+C ground the system to a total halt. Not even the hardware console responded anymore! This may be due to some Python strangeness which still needs to be investigated. Maybe related to http://bugs.python.org/issue8296 The big underlying question, is how to design a library which does multi-processing, so other applications which use this library and want to be multi-processed themselves do not run into system limitations. My first thought was to require a pool to be passed to the library, and execute all tasks in that pool. In that way, the person using the library has control over the usage of system resources. But my gut tells me that there must be a better solution. Disclaimer: My experience with multiprocessing is fairly limited. I have implemented a few straightforward which did not require access control to resources. So I have not yet any practical experience with semaphores or mutexes. p.s.: In the future, we may have enough information to do this without the probing. But the database which would contain the proper information is not yet operational. Also, the design about multiprocessing a multiprocessed library intrigues me :)

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• Processing a stream. Must layers be violated?

  - by Lord Tydus

  Theoretical situation: One trillion foobars are stored in a text file (no fancy databases). Each foobar must have some business logic executed on it. A set of 1 trillion will not fit in memory so the data layer cannot return a big set to the business layer. Instead they are to be streamed in 1 foobar at a time, and have business logic execute on 1 foobar at a time. The stream must be closed when finished. In order for the stream to be closed the business layer must close the stream (a data operation detail), thus violating the separation of concerns. Is it possible to incrementally process data without violating layers?

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• How do I restore logging in with an X session graphics instaed of text-only session?

  - by ajThree9

  I was able to set up a text UI by editing the file /etc/default/grub in Ubuntu 12.04 as per the instructions in: How do I disable X at boot time so that the system boots in text mode? But, how do I revert to X-session as the default one? I don't want to log into text mode and 'start' the lightdm every time. So I tried replacing back the GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="text" to GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash", and did update-grub too, but something unexpected happened, an unbootable system! How do I fix this?

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• Make all text EXCEPT <input> unselectable in Internet Explorer? [migrated]

  - by Ashli

  I have a website where I want to disable users from selecting content EXCEPT for input areas. I currently have some CSS to disable user-select: -webkit-user-select: none; -khtml-user-select: none; -moz-user-select: none; -o-user-select: none; user-select: none; However, this does NOT cover Internet Explorer; thus, I need to implement some JavaScript: <body onselectstart="return false;"> Through CSS and JavaScript, I can make all content unselectable across all popular browsers. BUT, this code also makes areas unselectable, which is a major case of poor usability. I use CSS to make input areas selectable: -webkit-user-select: text; -khtml-user-select: text; -moz-user-select: text; -o-user-select: text; user-select: text; .. and as you might have expected, this does not cover Internet Explorer, since I used JavaScript to disable all content from being selectable. What can I do to make all content unselectable except for input areas?

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• Need help looping through text file in Objective-C and looping through multidimensional array of dat

  - by Fulvio

  I have a question regarding an iPhone game I'm developing. At the moment, below is the code I'm using to currently I loop through my multidimensional array and position bricks accordingly on my scene. Instead of having multiple two dimensional arrays within my code as per the following (gameLevel1). Ideally, I'd like to read from a text file within my project and loop through the values in that instead. Please take into account that I'd like to have more than one level within my game (possibly 20) so my text file would have to have some sort of separator line item to determine what level I want to render. I was then thinking of having some sort of method that I call and that method would take the level number I'm interested in rendering. e.g. Method to call level based on separator? -(void)renderLevel:(NSString) levelNumber; e.g. Text file example? #LEVEL_ONE# 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0 0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0 0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0 0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0 0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0 0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0 0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0 0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0 0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0 0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0 0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0 0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0 0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0 0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0 0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 #LEVEL_TWO# 1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1 0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1 0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1 0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1 0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1 1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1 Code that I'm currently using: int gameLevel[17][9] = { { 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 }, { 0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0 }, { 0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0 }, { 0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0 }, { 0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0 }, { 0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0 }, { 0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0 }, { 0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0 }, { 0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0 }, { 0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0 }, { 0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0 }, { 0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0 }, { 0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0 }, { 0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0 }, { 0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0 }, { 0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0 }, { 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 } }; for (int row=0; row < 17; row++) { for (int col=0; col < 9; col++) { thisBrickValue = gameLevel[row][col]; xOffset = 35 * floor(col); yOffset = 22 * floor(row); switch (thisBrickValue) { case 0: brick = [[CCSprite spriteWithFile:@"block0.png"] autorelease]; break; case 1: brick = [[CCSprite spriteWithFile:@"block1.png"] autorelease]; break; } brick.position = ccp(xOffset, yOffset); [self addChild:brick]; } }

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• XSLT split text and preserve HTML tags

  - by Lycaon

  I have an xml that has a description node: <config> <desc>A <b>first</b> sentence here. The second sentence with some link <a href="myurl">The link</a>. The <u>third</u> one.</desc> </config> I am trying to split the sentences using dot as separator but keeping in the same time in the HTML output the eventual HTML tags. What I have so far is a template that splits the description but the HTML tags are lost in the output due to the normalize-space and substring-before functions. My current template is given below: <xsl:template name="output-tokens"> <xsl:param name="sourceText" /> <!-- Force a . at the end --> <xsl:variable name="newlist" select="concat(normalize-space($sourceText), ' ')" /> <!-- Check if we have really a point at the end --> <xsl:choose> <xsl:when test ="contains($newlist, '.')"> <!-- Find the first . in the string --> <xsl:variable name="first" select="substring-before($newlist, '.')" /> <!-- Get the remaining text --> <xsl:variable name="remaining" select="substring-after($newlist, '.')" /> <!-- Check if our string is not in fact a . or an empty string --> <xsl:if test="normalize-space($first)!='.' and normalize-space($first)!=''"> <p><xsl:value-of select="normalize-space($first)" />.</p> </xsl:if> <!-- Recursively apply the template for the remaining text --> <xsl:if test="$remaining"> <xsl:call-template name="output-tokens"> <xsl:with-param name="sourceText" select="$remaining" /> </xsl:call-template> </xsl:if> </xsl:when> <!--If no . was found --> <xsl:otherwise> <p> <!-- If the string does not contains a . then display the text but avoid displaying empty strings --> <xsl:if test="normalize-space($sourceText)!=''"> <xsl:value-of select="normalize-space($sourceText)" />. </xsl:if> </p> </xsl:otherwise> </xsl:choose> </xsl:template> and I am using it in the following manner: <xsl:template match="config"> <xsl:call-template name="output-tokens"> <xsl:with-param name="sourceText" select="desc" /> </xsl:call-template> </xsl:template> The expected output is: <p>A <b>first</b> sentence here.</p> <p>The second sentence with some link <a href="myurl">The link</a>.</p> <p>The <u>third</u> one.</p>

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• replaceAll() method using parameter from text file

  - by Herman Plani Ginting

  i have a collection of raw text in a table in database, i need to replace some words in this collection using a set of words. i put all the term to be replace and its substitutes in a text file as below min=admin lelet=lambat lemot=lambat nii=nih ntu=itu and so on. i have successfully initiate a variabel of File and Scanner to read the collection of the term and its substitutes. i loop all the dataset and save the raw text in a string in the same loop i loop all the term collection and save its row to a string name 'pattern', and split the pattern into two string named 'term' and 'replacer' in this loop i initiate a new string which its value is the string from the dataset modified by replaceAll(term,replacer) end loop for term collection then i insert the new string to another table in database end loop for dataset i do it manualy as below replaceAll("min","admin") and its works but its really something to code it manually for almost 2000 terms to be replace it. anyone ever face this kind of really something.. i really need a help now desperate :( package sentimenrepo; import javax.swing.*; import java.sql.*; import java.io.*; //import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Scanner; //import java.util.Map; /** * * @author herman */ public class synonimReplaceV2 extends SwingWorker { protected Object doInBackground() throws Exception { new skripsisentimen.sentimenttwitter().setVisible(true); Integer row = 0; File synonimV2 = new File("synV2/catatan_kata_sinonim.txt"); String newTweet = ""; DB db = new DB(); Connection conn = db.dbConnect("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/tweet", "root", ""); try{ Statement select = conn.createStatement(); select.executeQuery("select * from synonimtweet"); ResultSet RS = select.getResultSet(); Scanner scSynV2 = new Scanner(synonimV2); while(RS.next()){ row++; String no = RS.getString("no"); String tweet = " "+ RS.getString("tweet"); String published = RS.getString("published"); String label = RS.getString("label"); clean2 cleanv2 = new clean2(); newTweet = cleanv2.cleanTweet(tweet); try{ Statement insert = conn.createStatement(); insert.executeUpdate("INSERT INTO synonimtweet_v2(no,tweet,published,label) values('" +no+"','"+newTweet+"','"+published+"','"+label+"')"); String current = skripsisentimen.sentimenttwitter.txtAreaResult.getText(); skripsisentimen.sentimenttwitter.txtAreaResult.setText(current+"\n"+row+"original : "+tweet+"\n"+newTweet+"\n______________________\n"); skripsisentimen.sentimenttwitter.lblStat.setText(row+" tweet read"); skripsisentimen.sentimenttwitter.txtAreaResult.setCaretPosition(skripsisentimen.sentimenttwitter.txtAreaResult.getText().length() - 1); }catch(Exception e){ skripsisentimen.sentimenttwitter.lblStat.setText(e.getMessage()); } skripsisentimen.sentimenttwitter.lblStat.setText(e.getMessage()); } }catch(Exception e){ skripsisentimen.sentimenttwitter.lblStat.setText(e.getMessage()); } return row; } class clean2{ public clean2(){} public String cleanTweet(String tweet){ File synonimV2 = new File("synV2/catatan_kata_sinonim.txt"); String pattern = ""; String term = ""; String replacer = ""; String newTweet=""; try{ Scanner scSynV2 = new Scanner(synonimV2); while(scSynV2.hasNext()){ pattern = scSynV2.next(); term = pattern.split("=")[0]; replacer = pattern.split("=")[1]; newTweet = tweet.replace(term, replacer); } }catch(Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println(newTweet+"\n"+tweet); return newTweet; } } }

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• Why the selected text is not replaced with inserted in Word 2003?

  - by Roman

  I didn't notice what and when happend but from some moment replacing stopped work in Word. Just imagine that I have a text block: Some text block And I select the word text: Some text block After that I press some key, for example, 'A'. And I expect to see Some A block because selected area should be replaced (as usual). But instead of that I see: Some Atext block Inserted text is just appended as prefix. Could anyone help me with this issue, please?

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• iPhone: How to Display Text from UIWebView HTML Document in a UITextView

  - by ArgMan

  I have an RSS feed that gets arranged in a UITableView which lets the user select a story that loads in a UIWebView. However, I'd like to stop using the UIWebView and just use a UITextView or UILabel. This png is what I am trying to do (just display the various text aspects of a news story): I have tried using: NSString *myText = [webView stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString:@"document.documentElement.textContent"]; and assigning the string to a UILabel but it doesn't work from where I am implementing it in webViewDidFinishLoad (--is that not the proper place?). I get a blank textView and normal webView. If I overlay a UITextView on top of a UIWebView on its own (that is, a webView that just loads one page), the code posted above works displays the text fine. The problem arises when I try to process the RSS feed . I've been stuck wondering why this doesn't work as it should for a few days now. If you have a better, more efficient way of doing it then placing the code in webViewDidFinishLoad, please let me know! Does it go in my didSelectRowAtIndexPath? Thank you very much in advance!

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• Update text in StatusBar in wpf using C#

  - by Archie

  hello, I have a TextBox in StatusBar in wpf which i want to update. I have a list of files in ListBox. On each file I would be doing some operation by calling say method ProcessFile(). So whenever the file processing is completed I want to show that file's name in the StatusBar text. I have tried something like this: private void button_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { statusBar.Visibility = Visibility.Visible; DispatcherFrame frame = new DispatcherFrame(); Dispatcher.CurrentDispatcher.BeginInvoke(DispatcherPriority.Background, new DispatcherOperationCallback(TimeConsumingMethod), frame); Dispatcher.PushFrame(frame); statusBar.Visibility = Visibility.Collapsed; } public object TimeConsumingMethod(Object arg) { ((DispatcherFrame)arg).Continue = false; foreach (string fileName in destinationFilesList.Items) { txtStatus.Text = fileName.ToString(); //Assume that each process takes some time to complete System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1000); } return null; } But i can only see the last file's name in the StatusBar. Whats wrong with the code? Can somebody correct it? Thanks.

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• Reading text out of textbox in Radgrid

  - by Christophe

  I have a Radgrid with 2 Textboxes and 2 DatePickers. The idea is that I have a grid with a Property name, value, valid from and until. I'm filling the first Textbox myself, the user has to fill in the value, from and until. Filling in the propertynames: (In the pageload) foreach (String s in testProperties) { DataRow dr = dt.NewRow(); dr[0] = s; dr[1] = ""; dr[2] = ""; dr[3] = ""; dt.Rows.Add(dr); } When the user hit "Save" I have to read out all the data he filled in. (In the btnSave click) foreach (GridDataItem dataItem in RadGrid1.Items) { String[] str = new String[3]; str[0] = ((TextBox)dataItem["col2"].FindControl("TextBox2")).Text; str[1] = ((RadDatePicker)dataItem["col3"].FindControl("RadDatePicker1")).SelectedDate.ToString(); str[2] = ((RadDatePicker)dataItem["col4"].FindControl("RadDatePicker2")).SelectedDate.ToString(); properties.Add(((TextBox)dataItem["col1"].FindControl("TextBox1")).Text, str); } Now this is where I have the problem. When i read out the data all my 'str' have the value "" instead the data that the user fills in. Question is, how comes my values in the texboxes remain ""? Or is their a better way to read out the data?

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• Positioning Layers and text gradients with css

  - by Kenji Crosland

  I'm a CSS newbie trying to get some text gradients going on. I tried this code here but it didn't work for me, most likely because the h1 object is nested within a #header div. I imagine there's something to do with layers that I don't know about. Either I get a gradent block that is in front of everything or it's not appearing at all. In this particular instance this code makes a big gradient bar appear in front of everything: #header { clear:both; float:left; -moz-background-inline-policy:continuous; -moz-background-origin:padding; background:#080E73 url(../images/header-background.png) repeat-x left 0px; width:100%; max-height: 175px; color: #080E73; } #header h1 { margin-bottom: 0; color: #000; position: relative; } #header h1 span { background:url(../images/headline-text.png) repeat-x; display: block; width: 100%; height: 100%; position: absolute; } Here is the HTML (I'm using ruby on rails hence the notation) <div id="header"> <% unless flash[:notice].blank? %> <div id="notice"><%= flash[:notice] %></div> <% end %> <%= image_tag ("header-image.png") %> <h1><span></span>Headline</h1> <strong>Byline</strong> ... #navbar html... </div> I tried playing with z-index but I couldn't come up with any good results. Any ideas?

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• Extra text shown on oveflow: hidden

  - by TRiG

  I'm keeping the main content area of the webpage small, so that footer navigation can be seen "above the fold". This is done by javascript setting the main content <div> thus: sec.style.height = '265px'; sec.style.overflow = 'hidden'; And then using javascript to insert a button to change the style back to normal: sec.style.height = 'auto'; The problem is that the cut-off point of 265px (dictated by the size of an image which I don't want to hide) doesn't quite match the gap between lines of text. This means that there the tops of tall letters show as funny little marks. Is there any way to hide text which is partially showing in a <div style="overflow: hidden;">? Edit to add: Full javascript var overflow = { hide: function() { var sec = app.get('content_section'); sec.style.height = '263px'; sec.style.overflow = 'hidden'; overflow.toggle(false); }, toggle: function(value) { var cnt = app.get('toggle_control'); if (value) { var func = 'hide'; cnt.innerHTML = 'Close « '; } else { var func = 'show'; cnt.innerHTML = 'More » '; } cnt.onclick = function() {eval('overflow.' + func + '();'); return false;}; cnt.style.cursor = 'pointer'; cnt.style.fontWeight = 'normal'; cnt.style.margin = '0 0 0 857px'; }, show: function() { var sec = app.get('content_section'); sec.style.height = 'auto'; overflow.toggle(true); } } if (document.addEventListener) { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', overflow.hide, false); } else { window.onload = function() {return overflow.hide();}; }

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• using text and ntext SQL Datatypes in RPG

  - by David Stratton

  I'll preface this with saying that I'm a .NET developer, and am NOT an RPG developer. I'm working with one of our RPG developers to come up with a solution, so any suggestions you provide will get passed to him. We have a scenario where we want our iSeries to read from a SQL Server database. One of the columns is a TEXT column. IN RPG, there is no equivalent data type to use for this. We've gone back and forth on this, and our current plan is to change course, and have our SQL Server write out a text file, which the iSeries can pick up and parse. This is, however, a last resort option, as the data in the file is sensitive, and we'd like to avoid the additional security overhead. We've already got the SQL Server locked down as tight as possible (one user only has read access to this, and that user is an iSeries user.) We don't want to have to worry about transferring files back and forth. However, at this point, we see no other option. We have no in-house Java developers, and need to do this in RPG. So I'm wondering if there are any RPG developers out there who have faced this situation and have any advice.

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• UItextfield text alignment issue in cocos2D iPhone

  - by shreya

  Hi All, Please take a look of the following screen shot. Here is my code, I am using cocos2D CGAffineTransform transform = CGAffineTransformMakeRotation(3.14159/2); _view = [[CCDirector sharedDirector]openGLView]; // Input the user name _nameField = [[UITextField alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(130.0, 270.0, 200.0, 30.0)]; _nameField.transform = transform; _nameField.adjustsFontSizeToFitWidth = YES; _nameField.textColor = [UIColor blackColor]; [_nameField setFont:[UIFont fontWithName:@"Arial" size:14]]; _nameField.placeholder = @"<Enter Your Name>"; _nameField.backgroundColor = [UIColor clearColor]; _nameField.autocorrectionType = UITextAutocorrectionTypeNo; _nameField.autocapitalizationType = UITextAutocapitalizationTypeAllCharacters; _nameField.textAlignment = UITextAlignmentCenter; _nameField.keyboardType = UIKeyboardTypeDefault; _nameField.returnKeyType = UIReturnKeyDone; _nameField.tag = 0; _nameField.delegate = self; _nameField.clearButtonMode = UITextFieldViewModeNever; _nameField.borderStyle = UITextBorderStyleRoundedRect; [_view addSubview:_nameField]; The problem is the text is typing on the top of the text field. I want it to be in the middle not to top.

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