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  • Can someone explain the "use-cases" for the default munin graphs?

    - by exhuma
    When installing munin, it activates a default set of plugins (at least on ubuntu). Alternatively, you can simply run munin-node-configure to figure out which plugins are supported on your system. Most of these plugins plot straight-forward data. My question is not to explain the nature of the data (well... maybe for some) but what is it that you look for in these graphs? It is easy to install munin and see fancy graphs. But having the graphs and not being able to "read" them renders them totally useless. I am going to list standard plugins which are enabled by default on my system. So it's going to be a long list. For completeness, I am also going to list plugins which I think to understand and give a short explanation as to what I think it's used for. Pleas correct if I am wrong with any of them. So let me split this questions in three parts: Plugins where I don't even understand the data Plugins where I understand the data but don't know what I should look out for Plugins which I think to understand Plugins where I don't even understand the data These may contain questions that are not necessarily aimed at munin alone. Not understanding the data usually mean a gap in fundamental knowledge on operating systems/hardware.... ;) Feel free to respond with a "giyf" answer. These are plugins where I can only guess what's going on... I hardly want to look at these "guessing"... Disk IOs per device (IOs/second)What's an IO. I know it stands for input/output. But that's as far as it goes. Disk latency per device (Average IO wait)Not a clue what an "IO wait" is... IO Service TimeThis one is a huge mess, and it's near impossible to see something in the graph at all. Plugins where I understand the data but don't know what I should look out for IOStat (blocks/second read/written)I assume, the thing to look out for in here are spikes? Which would mean that the device is in heavy use? Available entropy (bytes)I assume that this is important for random number generation? Why would I graph this? So far the value has always been near constant. VMStat (running/I/O sleep processes)What's the difference between this one and the "processes" graph? Both show running/sleeping processes, whereas the "Processes" graph seems to have more details. Disk throughput per device (bytes/second read/written) What's thedifference between this one and the "IOStat" graph? inode table usageWhat should I look for in this graph? Plugins which I think to understand I'll be guessing some things here... correct me if I am wrong. Disk usage in percent (percent)How much disk space is used/remaining. As this is approaching 100%, you should consider cleaning up or extend the partition. This is extremely important for the root partition. Firewall Throughput (packets/second)The number of packets passing through the firewall. If this is spiking for a longer period of time, it could be a sign of a DOS attack (or we are simply recieving a large file). It can also give you an idea about your firewall performance. If it's levelling out and you need more "power" you should consider load balancing. If it's levelling out and see a correlation with your CPU load, it could also mean that your hardware is not fast enough. Correlations with disk usage could point to excessive LOG targets in you FW config. eth0 errors (packets in/out)Network errors. If this value is increasing, it could be a sign of faulty hardware. eth0 traffic (bits/second in/out)Raw network traffic. This should correlate with Firewall throughput. number of threadsAn ever-increasing value might point to a process not properly closing threads. Investigate! processesBreakdown of active processes (including sleeping). A quick spike in here might point to a fork-bomb. A slowly, but ever-increasing value might point to an application spawning sub-processes but not properly closing them. Investigate using ps faux. process priorityThis shows the distribution of process priorities. Having only high-priority processes is not of much use. Consider de-prioritizing some. cpu usageFairly straight-forward. If this is spiking, you may have an attack going on, or a process is hogging the CPU. Idf it's slowly increasing and approaching max in normal operations, you should consider upgrading your hardware (or load-balancing). file table usageNumber of actively open files. If this is reaching max, you may have a process opening, but not properly releasing files. load averageShows an summarized value for the system load. Should correlate with CPU usage. Increasing values can come from a number of sources. Look for correlations with other graphs. memory usageA graphical representation of you memory. As long as you have a lot of unused+cache+buffers you are fine. swap in/outShows the activity on your swap partition. This should always be 0. If you see activity on this, you should add more memory to your machine!

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  • Preventing a confirmation pop-up when updating fields in Word

    - by Gilles
    In Word 2007, an obvious candidate for updating all the fields in a range is myrange.Fields.Update But if the range is the element of ActiveDocument.StoryRanges corresponding to the footnotes, endnotes or comments, this triggers a confirmation pop-up “Word cannot undo this action. Do you want to continue?” What is this pop-up telling me about? How do I get rid of it (if it's not important)? An obvious workaround is to iterate over the fields and call each field's Update method. It doesn't fire up that question. But if I do this, what do I miss? following up to How do I update all fields in a Word document

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  • HAProxy + Percona XtraDB Cluster

    - by rottmanj
    I am attempting to setup HAproxy in conjunction with Percona XtraDB Cluster on a series of 3 EC2 instances. I have found a few tutorials online dealing with this specific issue, but I am a bit stuck. Both the Percona servers and the HAproxy servers are running ubuntu 12.04. The HAProxy version is 1.4.18, When I start HAProxy I get the following error: Server pxc-back/db01 is DOWN, reason: Socket error, check duration: 2ms. I am not really sure what the issue could be. I have verified the following: EC2 security groups ports are open Poured over my config files looking for issues. I currently do not see any. Ensured that xinetd was installed Ensured that I am using the correct ip address of the mysql server. Any help with this is greatly appreciated. Here are my current config Load Balancer /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg global log 127.0.0.1 local0 log 127.0.0.1 local1 notice maxconn 4096 user haproxy group haproxy debug #quiet daemon defaults log global mode http option tcplog option dontlognull retries 3 option redispatch maxconn 2000 contimeout 5000 clitimeout 50000 srvtimeout 50000 frontend pxc-front bind 0.0.0.0:3307 mode tcp default_backend pxc-back frontend stats-front bind 0.0.0.0:22002 mode http default_backend stats-back backend pxc-back mode tcp balance leastconn option httpchk server db01 10.86.154.105:3306 check port 9200 inter 12000 rise 3 fall 3 backend stats-back mode http balance roundrobin stats uri /haproxy/stats MySql Server /etc/xinetd.d/mysqlchk # default: on # description: mysqlchk service mysqlchk { # this is a config for xinetd, place it in /etc/xinetd.d/ disable = no flags = REUSE socket_type = stream port = 9200 wait = no user = nobody server = /usr/bin/clustercheck log_on_failure += USERID #only_from = 0.0.0.0/0 # recommended to put the IPs that need # to connect exclusively (security purposes) per_source = UNLIMITED } MySql Server /etc/services Added the line mysqlchk 9200/tcp # mysqlchk MySql Server /usr/bin/clustercheck # GNU nano 2.2.6 File: /usr/bin/clustercheck #!/bin/bash # # Script to make a proxy (ie HAProxy) capable of monitoring Percona XtraDB Cluster nodes properly # # Author: Olaf van Zandwijk <[email protected]> # Documentation and download: https://github.com/olafz/percona-clustercheck # # Based on the original script from Unai Rodriguez # MYSQL_USERNAME="testuser" MYSQL_PASSWORD="" ERR_FILE="/dev/null" AVAILABLE_WHEN_DONOR=0 # # Perform the query to check the wsrep_local_state # WSREP_STATUS=`mysql --user=${MYSQL_USERNAME} --password=${MYSQL_PASSWORD} -e "SHOW STATUS LIKE 'wsrep_local_state';" 2>${ERR_FILE} | awk '{if (NR!=1){print $2}}' 2>${ERR_FILE}` if [[ "${WSREP_STATUS}" == "4" ]] || [[ "${WSREP_STATUS}" == "2" && ${AVAILABLE_WHEN_DONOR} == 1 ]] then # Percona XtraDB Cluster node local state is 'Synced' => return HTTP 200 /bin/echo -en "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n" /bin/echo -en "Content-Type: text/plain\r\n" /bin/echo -en "\r\n" /bin/echo -en "Percona XtraDB Cluster Node is synced.\r\n" /bin/echo -en "\r\n" else # Percona XtraDB Cluster node local state is not 'Synced' => return HTTP 503 /bin/echo -en "HTTP/1.1 503 Service Unavailable\r\n" /bin/echo -en "Content-Type: text/plain\r\n" /bin/echo -en "\r\n" /bin/echo -en "Percona XtraDB Cluster Node is not synced.\r\n" /bin/echo -en "\r\n" fi

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  • Shopping for Fast USB Flash Drives

    - by Jim McKeeth
    I would like to pick up some really fast USB flash drives in the 16 - 64 GB range. When looking at drives they just list their size, their form factor (key chain hook, slider, etc.) and the fact that they are all Hi-Speed USB 2.0. It seems like I have heard that different drives have different performance and life expectancy. The sales guy tells me that they are all the same performance any more, but it wouldn't be the first time a sales guy had the wrong technical details. Our objective is to run Virtual PC images off of them, so good speed and resilience to rewrites it important.

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  • Forgotten laptop windows login - what are my options?s

    - by Galwegian
    I have a (elderly) colleague who has forgotten the password to his laptop - he generally signs in as Administrator, but can't remember the password, and has asked my help. He says the laptop contains some important data. What are my options? Thanks for any help. EDIT: I have just got hold of the machine and not all is as I was told... The password is not the problem... Before the login box appears I get an error message relating to savedump.exe: The instruction at "0x0..." referenced memory at "0x0...". The memory could not be written. Then when I login using the proper credentials, It logs me in for a tiny second and then logs me out again and 'saves my settings'. Any ideas on this one?

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  • rsync - Exclude files that are over a certain size?

    - by Rory
    I am doing a backup of my desktop to a remote machine. I'm basically doing rsync -a ~ example.com:backup/ However there are loads of large files, e.g. wikipedia dumps etc. Most of the files I care a lot about a small, such as firefox cookie files, or .bashrc. Is there some invocation to rsync that will exclude files that are over a certain size? That way I could copy all files that are less than 10MB first, then do all files. That way I can do a fast backup of the most important files, then a longer backup of everything else.

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  • How to select a server that supports Windows scheduled file IO

    - by Kristof Verbiest
    Background: I am developing an application that needs to read data from disk with a fairly consistent throughput. It is important that this throughput is not influenced by other actions that happen on the disk (e.g. by other processes). For this purpose, I was hoping to use the 'Scheduled File I/O' feature in Windows (throught the GetFileBandwithReservation and SetFileBandwithReservation functions). However, this StackOverflow question has thought me that this feature is only available if the device driver supports it. Currently I have no computer at my disposition that seems to support this feature (I have an HP Proliant server and a Dell Precision workstation). Question: If I were to order a new server, how can I know beforehand if this feature will be supported by the device driver? How 'upscale' does the server have to be? Has anybody used this feature with success and cares to share his experiences?

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  • Cloning hard drive -- data, operating system settings, everything

    - by Salman A
    I am using Windows XP. My hard drive (Seagate 160gig Barracuda) is about to fail. Its already developed bad sectors and it seems to get worse everyday. Data transfer mode is down to PIO mode 2, chkdsk runs every now and then, registry and important windows files get corrupted and I spend 30-60 minutes running chkdsk /f /r from the recovery console. I've got a replacement (Seagate 5000gig Barracuda) and now i want to transfer each and every thing on to the new drive. I don't want to go through windows and software installation, I spent ages getting all those software installed and configured on that hard drive. Need advice: whats the best way to transfer everything onto the new drive so that it behaves just like the old one. And are there any "gotchas".

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  • Change default settings in MacVim

    - by AeroCross
    I want to do some changes in MacVim to suit my needs. I'm new in it, so stick with me. The basic changes I want to do is to start the program with the following settings: Line numbers activated Top toolbar deactivated Auto-indenting activated I found out that you can write set lines=xx columns=yy to the /Users/USERNAME/.gvimrc file and it will change the default window width-height Also, you can change the color scheme with :colorscheme scheme in that file, too, but I don't know how to change the other settings. I wanna give Vim a try, but the little things (like these) are important.

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  • Generic socket 940 CPU fan for HP XW9300 interchangeable with HP part number 411454-001

    - by ConcernedOfTunbridgeWells
    Hi, I'm trying to find a generic Socket 940 CPU fan that will fit the air duct in an XW9300. Note that two different CPU fan mounting schemes have been used on this machine. One has two grommets in the motherboard that the CPU fan screws into and the other has a plastic collar and base plate. The form factor I'm looking for is the former (see the picture below). Two HP part numbers for fans in this form factor are 411454-001 (shown below) and 416055-001. Note that the dimensions are important as the machine has an air duct that fits over the fan. Can anyone tell me the manufacturer and model of an equivalent generic part? Better yet, do you know somewhere (preferrably in the UK) from which such an item can be obtained?

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  • Losing windows XP files. How to retrieve them?

    - by ravi
    I have a portable 500 GB HDD.Since last few days, all files of some folder are getting kinda corrupted.I can't access/delete them. Here is the example. If I try to access these files/folders, I get following error. This thing is kinda spreading in my HDD.Till now it has affected two folders worth 70 GB.In which one folder is backup folder where all my important data resides.So I am really in loss if I loose this data. How can I retrieve this data? Please help.

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  • DNS record question

    - by Just plain me
    So I have two Windows domains/seperate forests. One forest consist of what is left of the bought-out company's domain. They have 5 servers that still have important data and need to be worked with on a daily basis by a large group of employees. We have a forest level trust setup to ease file access. We manually create DNS A records for the 5 servers so their short names would resolve to the IP addresses. I need the FQDN to resolve though. Should I create CName records to achieve this? I hope this question makes sense, I am learning DNS on the fly... :)

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  • how to disable local logins to a mac snow leopard machine?

    - by Wang
    I have a maintenance script that needs to run uninterrupted, so I'd like some way to disable local user logins. Right now, the solution is to send SIGSTP to the loginwindow process, which is suboptimal for several reasons. The most important of them is that the observed behavior is a login prompt that appears to accept the user's credentials but then hangs on a blank desktop before the menu bar or dock or desktop icons appear. This has led to users "fixing" the problem by rebooting the machine. Is there a better way to disable local logins? We currently use iHook, so if there's any way to abort a login from within the login hook, that would integrate nicely with our current setup. Unfortunately, Apple doesn't seem to have documented exactly what would cause Mac OS to abort the login.

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  • How do I clean a computer from dust?

    - by Jonas
    As computers become faster and generate more heat it gets more important to have good ventilation, but that also increases the amount of dust sticking to the components of the computer. It's of course better to make sure the computer never gets dusty by vacuum cleaning around it (not in it) frequently. But what to do if it's already to late? I've heard that vacuum cleaning the computer itself is very bad, since it can cause static electricity that hurts the computer. So, Does anyone have any tips for how to remove dust from your computer?

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  • Any "Magic Tricks" For Getting Data Back After Windows 7 Install

    - by user163757
    My old man installed Windows 7 without making a proper backup, and now realizes he left behind some important data. He did a true "clean install", so there is no Windows.old folder in the root directory. However, I believe the format performed on the hard drive was only a quick format, so I am hoping there is some chance at data recovery. I took his hard drive out, and have spent a majority of the weekend researching data recovery options. I paid $70 for the GetDataBack software, but have had little success with it. I can see all of the files I want to restore, however they appear corrupt when I try to open them. With that all being said, does anyone know of a viable way to recover some of this data, or is it a lost cause all together?

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  • PHP app breaks on Nginx, but works on Apache

    - by rizon1990
    I want to migrate a PHP application from Apache to Nginx. The problem is that the App breaks, because the routing doesn't work anymore and I'm not exactly sure how to fix it. The PHP application includes some .htaccess files and I tried to convert those to Nginx. The first one is in the document root: <IfModule mod_rewrite.c> RewriteEngine on RewriteRule ^$ public/ [L] RewriteRule (.*) public/$1 [L] </IfModule> The second one is in /public/ <IfModule mod_rewrite.c RewriteEngine On RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d # Rewrite all other URLs to index.php/URL RewriteRule ^(.*)$ index.php?url=$1 [PT,L] </IfModule> <IfModule !mod_rewrite.c> ErrorDocument 404 index.php </IfModule> The third and last one is: deny from all My nginx version of it looks like the following: #user nobody; worker_processes 1; #pid logs/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; sendfile on; #tcp_nopush on; keepalive_timeout 65; gzip on; server { listen 8080; server_name localhost; root /Library/WebServer/Documents/admin; location / { index index.php; rewrite ^/$ /public/ break; rewrite ^(.*)$ /public/$1 break; } location /public { if (!-e $request_filename){ rewrite ^(.*)$ /index.php?url=$1 break; } } location /library { deny all; } #error_page 404 /404.html; # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html # error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root html; } location ~ \.php$ { root /Library/WebServer/Documents/admin; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; } } } The problem I face is that something that the routing is broken and just returns a 404 page instead. Hopefully someone has an idea and know how to fix it ;) Thanks EDIT I got it working with this config location /library { deny all; } location ~* ^.+.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|ico|css|zip|tgz|gz|rar|bz2|doc|xls|exe|pdf|ppt|txt|tar|mid|midi|wav|bmp|rtf|js)$ { access_log off; rewrite ^(.*)$ /public/$1 break; } location / { rewrite ^/(.+)$ /index.php?url=$1 last; } I'm sure there are better solutions and I'm open for suggestions.

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  • Visual Studio 2012 Installation fails on Windows 7

    - by Vipul
    I am trying to install Visual Studio 2012 on Windows 7 Home Premium 64-bit machine, but installation fails. I tried to install all version (premium, ultimate etc..) but getting below error. Machine is not domain joined and logged in as administrative user. I was using Security Essentials but turn it off before the installation. Installation source is from MSDN. Error log is too big to upload, important portion from the log: [2B6C:2580][2012-09-16T23:06:40]: MUX: ERROR: The type initializer for 'System.Windows.Media.FontFamily' threw an exception.

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  • Solaris to Linux conversion: Use VxFS or GFS?

    - by w00t
    We're a Solaris shop looking at RedHat Enterprise Linux and one of the things we're wondering is if we should keep Veritas Volume Manager + FileSystem or go with LVM+ext3 or RedHat's preferred cluster filesystem solution, GFS. One of the things we like about Veritas is that it can use Veritas Volume Replicator to have a remote copy of important filesystems. This functionality seems to be missing from RedHat, DRBD doesn't seem to be packaged in RHEL... So my questions are: Does anybody use VxFS/VxVM/VVR on Linux? Thoughts, experiences? Comparison with LVM+ext3? Anybody using GFS? Thoughts, experiences? Do you do remote replication for disaster recovery, and if so, how? Is there a standard RedHat way?

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  • compTIA-AT EXAM

    - by SysPrep2010
    Hello everyone, I have been in the IT field only for two years. I have been dealing with servers, firewalls, routers, switches, backup servers, and desktop. For the desktop, i have been dealing with WDS (Window deployment services). Not a lot of hardware. My question is this, is it really important to have an AT cert under your belt. I dont see the point anymore. When a desktop goes down, what have been seeing, they just buy a new one. I mean I can rebuild systems they are fun, but I haven't in a while?

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  • Linux software raid robustness for raid1 vs other raid levels

    - by Waxhead
    I have a raid5 running and now also a raid1 that I set up yesterday. Since raid5 calculates parity it should be able to catch silent data corruption on one disk. However for raid1 the disks are just mirrors. The more I think about it I figure that raid1 is actually quite risky. Sure it will save me from a disk failure but i might not be as good when it comes to protecting the data on disk (who is actually more important for me). How does Linux software raid actually store raid1 type data on disk? How does it know what spindle is giving corrupt data (if the disk(subsystem) is not reporting any errors) If raid1 really is not giving me data protection but rather disk protection is there some tricks I can do with mdadm to create a two disk "raid5 like" setup? e.g. loose capacity but still keep redundancy also for data!?

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  • PHP shell_exec times out, but not when executed manually

    - by Breck Fresen
    I have a Windows 2008 server with PHP and msys installed. I also have a simple php script that calls shell_exec and tars a few files. When I run the script on my development machine (Windows 7), it works fine. However, when I run it on the Windows 2k8 server, it times out. When I copy and paste exactly what's being run on the cmd line and run it, it executes w/out error in less than a second. One more important detail: when I shell_exec 'dir' or 'netstat', the script runs without any problems. When I shell_exec 'ls' it hangs. When I run ls on the command line, it returns immediately. Other details that might be useful: The Windows 2k8 server is a VPS hosted by Rackspace. I did vanilla installs of Apache, PHP, and msys, but I haven't installed anything else. When I run whoami, I see the php script is executing as the user "nt authority\system".

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  • Does kern.hz still have any relevance in FreeBSD if "dynamic tick mode" is enabled?

    - by Frerich Raabe
    I'm running a FreeBSD 9.0 setup as a virtual machine in a KVM setup. In previous versions of FreeBSD it was common to force the kern.hz setting to a lower value so that the virtual machine does not keep the host busy because it's handling timer interrupts without having any work to do - the FreeBSD Handbook explains: The most important step is to reduce the kern.hz tunable to reduce the CPU utilization of FreeBSD under the Parallels environment. This is accomplished by adding the following line to /boot/loader.conf: kern.hz=100 Without this setting, an idle FreeBSD Parallels guest OS will use roughly 15% of the CPU of a single processor iMac®. After this change the usage will be closer to a mere 5%. However, in FreeBSD 9, the "dynamic tick mode" (aka "tickless mode") is the default, controlled by the kern.eventtimer.periodic setting which defaults to 0 (read: tickless mode). This makes me wonder - does the tip of lowering kern.hz still have any relevance for making FreeBSD 9 play nicely in a virtual machine setup?

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  • Compiling LaTeX document makes Google Drive crash

    - by Sander
    I've the issue that when I compile a LaTeX document that is located inside my Google Drive this will after a few turns make the OSX Google Drive application crash. As this is an important document I want to keep it all the time inside the Google Drive location to ensure cloud backup but this ofcourse is not guaranteed if this makes my Google Drive crash all the time. I don't seem te be able to identify what is causing this and I was hoping that maybe some people here have any idea what might cause this? We're talking about a 8 pages document with 3 images, so nothing crazy big or complex.

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  • Micro sound breaks/interrupts on Windows 7

    - by cand
    Hello all, I've been experiencing strange behavior recently. When listening to mp3 or watching movie or whatever that uses sound, I get micro breaks in sound. It's like it hangs or cuts a fragment for about 0.5s. When I start OS, it's ok, but as time passes it gets worse, to the extent that music is unlistenable being interrupted every 2 seconds. I haven't found any relevance between this behavior and hardware usage, I don't think it's directly related to HDD (or it might be but with significant delay). I have updated soundcard drivers and it didn't help a lot. My system is Windows 7, computer is simple HP laptop, nx7300-Ru374ES with WD Caviar Scorpio Blue hard drive inside and integrated soundcard on it (I can check the model later if it's important). Did anybody encounter such problem ? Maybe it's a common thing on Windows 7 or someone knows how to solve it? Thanks in advance.

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  • How do I disable the fade out/fade in effect when unlocking a WIndows 7 workstation?

    - by Timwi
    When I press Win+L, the “Locked” screen (with the password prompt) appears immediately. That’s nice, but not terribly important: I’m probably leaving the computer anyway. But after I type the password (to unlock the workstation), the desktop doesn’t appear immediately: instead, the “Locked” screen slowly fades out, the desktop slowly fades in, wasting my time, and all keys (e.g. Win+R) pressed during this interval are completely swallowed, forcing me to wait unnecessarily. This is extremely annoying because when I unlock the workstation, I generally want to use my computer. How do I disable this fade out/fade in effect and have the desktop appear immediately, in the same way that the “Locked” screen appears immediately?

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