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• TCP/IP- what is it exactly?

  - by OckhamsRazor

  I know that this question sounds stupid, but over all these years, I still have difficulty explaining TCP/IP to people. I don't completely get it myself, and even after reading up on it, the distinction is not very clear. What I get so far is that IP deals with networks while TCP involves delivery of messages over that network. I'm not totally convinced though. Also, they reside on different layers of the Internet architecture. Could anyone disambiguate this distinction using a simple analogy or examples? Also, I read this somewhere The difference is that TCP is responsible for the data delivery of a packet and IP is responsible for the logical addressing. In other words, IP obtains the address and TCP guarantees delivery of data to that address. Is this correct? Thanks for helping me out. One last thing- Where does the ethernet come in all of this?

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• USB hard drive doesn't graceful power off after eject on Windows 7

  - by Sim

  I have a couple of Seagate FreeAgent Go external USB hard drives and would like them to gracefully power off after ejecting in Windows 7. With Windows XP a few seconds after they are ejected they gracefully power off. When ejecting them on Windows 7 they just stay on and have to be physically disconnected before they lose power. I have checked the hard drive removal policy and it is set to quick removal. I have also looked in the Seagate forums but I couldn't find any info on this so I thought I'd ask the SuperUser community on any ideas why the difference and how to get the same behaviour in Windows 7 as in XP? Update: I am finding that this also happens with USB thumb drives as well. My current theory is that there were changes to the driver model with Vista/Win 7 that haven't been reflected in the device drivers yet. So things that worked under XP don't under Win7 as the drivers haven't been updated for the new model. Does that sound right?

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• PHP vs Batch file for mysql cronjob?

  - by mysqllearner

  Hi, My server details: OS: Windows Server 2003 IIS6 Plesk 8.xx installed (currently using Plesk to set the cronjob) I need your advice. I have 2 methods: Method 1: Using php + mysqldump, create databases backup files into gzip, and then send email with attachment (each databases has around about 25mb) Method 2: Using batch + mysqldump, create databases backup files into gzip, and then send email with attachment (same, each databases has around about 25mb) My questions: Whats the difference of using php file and batch file for cronjob? Which method is better in term of backup speed and send email, and (maybe)safety (e.g., lesser file corrupt occurance)? If i set the cronjob hourly, will it effect my web performances? I mean, lets say my website has 100++ users online now, and each user making transaction to MySQL, when I perform backup at my web peak hour, will it decrease the performances, like the loading speed, prone to errors etc?? (sorry for my bad english) P.S: If you need my php and batch file code, please ask me to post it here. I didnt post it now is because, its very simple and standard code.

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• MySQL 5.5 on Windows server is horribly slow

  - by Brad

  I have had no luck getting MySQL 5.5 to be as fast as 5.1 or MariaDB on the exact same hardware/database/environment under Windows server 2003R2 or 2008R2. My benchmarks from our application: MySQL 5.5 + CentOS 5.2 (XenServer Virtual) = 28 seconds (box is "busy" not buried) MariaDB (5.1) + Windows 2003 (Physical box) = 130 seconds (box is 2% busy) MySQL 5.1 + Windows 2003 (Physical box) = 170 seconds (box is 2% busy) MySQL 5.5 + Windows 2003 (Physical box) = 305 seconds (As high as 600 seconds...) (box is 2% busy) The only difference between these runs is the removal of skip-locking and the running of mysql_upgrade.exe to update some tables for stored procs on 5.5. Yes, I know it's a release candidate, I'm feeding that back to MySQL as well. No slow queries are logged, it doesn't think it's being slow, it just is. I'm going to start tearing into the queries themselves to see if the INSERT/SELECT plans have gone buggo on 5.5. Any help would be appreciated! Thanks

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• What kind of storage do people actually use for VMware ESX servers?

  - by Dirk Paessler

  VMware and many network evangelists try to tell you that sophisticated (=expensive) fiber SANs are the "only" storage option for VMware ESX and ESXi servers. Well, yes, of course. Using a SAN is fast, reliable and makes vMotion possible. Great. But: Can all ESX/ESXi users really afford SANs? My theory is that less than 20% of all VMware ESX installations on this planet actually use fiber or iSCS SANs. Most of these installation will be in larger companies who can afford this. I would predict that most VMware installations use "attached storage" (vmdks are stored on disks inside the server). Most of them run in SMEs and there are so many of them! We run two ESX 3.5 servers with attached storage and two ESX 4 servers with an iSCS san. And the "real live difference" between both is barely notable :-) Do you know of any official statistics for this question? What do you use as your storage medium?

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• IIS seems to send email twice

  - by David Brunelle

  Hi, we have a request page in our website that send email to confirm the request. It seem that whenever this page is accessed, some (not all of them) are sent more than once at different time, sometime hours apart. The code (which is an old ASP page) looks fine as it sends only once to the recipient. So I doubt it's a programming related problem. When looking at the Exchange server, the tech told me that he seems to be receiving the request twice at different time, so the problem comes from what's between the code and Exchange. My hypothesis is that IIS seem to 'remember' the page and rerun it for some reason. Any hint on where to start? We have IIS 6 (in french if it makes any difference) with Exchange 2007. IIS is running on a Windows Server 2003 machine (virtual machine I believe) in a DMZ. I don't know about Exchange. Thank you.

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• Do different operating systems have different read and write speeds?

  - by Ivan

  If I have two different operating systems, such as Windows 8 and Ubuntu, running on the same hardware, will the two operating systems have different read and write speeds? My guess is that there would be minimal difference between operating systems and read and write speeds to the hard disk since the major limited factor is seeking; however, different operating systems may use different file systems in order to attempt to reduce seek time in the hard disk. Likewise, I'm sure that modern operating systems will not actually write directly to the hard disk, and instead will just have it in memory and marked with a dirty bit. Are there any studies that show differences in read and write speeds between OSs? Or would the file system being used by the OS matter more than the OS itself?

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• MBSA: failed to create empty document

  - by Scott

  We just purchased a Windows-based VPS that I've been tasked to set up as a web server. It's running Windows 2003 Server Datacenter Edition. I downloaded the latest version of Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer and installed it, but when I try to run it I'm given an error message "Failed to create empty document." A search on Google gave the suggestion to change the path of the TEMP and TMP environment variables, which I tried but it made no difference. I also saw suggestions that this problem is caused by MMC, but I was just in MMC setting up a user account. What am I missing?

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• After installing Meld on 32-bit Karmic on 64-bit machine: "Meld requires pygtk 2.8.0 or higher."

  - by Lynx

  I got this error after installing Meld on a new Karmic installation: ~$ meld No module named pygtk Meld requires pygtk 2.8.0 or higher. I installed the latest version of python-gtk with aptitude but I'm not sure what version is actually installed. My python version is 2.6. This is weird because I have another machine that runs Karmic and Meld without a problem. The only difference between the two machines is the one with the error is a 64-bit machine running a 32-bit installation of Karmic. Could that be the problem?

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• Laptop battery: is voltage really important to respect?

  - by Marc-Andre R.

  I got an Acer Aspire 5100 and I just bought a new battery (after the stock battery just died yesterday). But I saw something after buying and I'm wondering whether it's really important or not. My stock battery was a 6-cell 4000mah 11.1v and the new battery is an 8-cell 4800mah 14.8v . I know that 8-cell and 4800mah is okay, but what about the 14.8v instead of 11.1v? The battery description says it's compatible with my laptop model (AS5100, model BL51), but the voltage difference makes me wonder. Will the laptop only take what it needs? Or will it be getting 14.8v straight in the brain? I know that my wall plug claims to output 19v, so logically I'm thinking a higher voltage battery shouldn't be a problem. Am I correct in thinking this? Thanks in advance for your answers!

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• Can't connect to wireless router anymore due to data rate problem

  - by Jay White

  I was playing around with my wireless router, and switched the mode to a fixed mode B. Now< I can no longer assoicate to the AP. Windows does not give any particular error message, but with wireshark I see that the returned error is that the client does not support the necessary data rate. My wireless card is type n, and it is set to mode a/b/g compatible. I tried setting ot to just b, however this made no difference. How can I set the data rate of my card so that I can connect again to my AP? I would prefer not to just reset the device, as there has been some configuration done that would be a pain to redo, and as well I do not have the ISP password handy. Regardless I would like to understand this situation better.

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• Disable Memory Modules In BIOS for Testing Purposes (Optimize Nehalem/Gulftown Memory Performance)

  - by Bob

  I recently acquired an HP Z800 with two Intel Xeon X5650 (Gulftown) 6 core processors. The person that configured the system chose 16GB (8 x 2GB DDR3-1333). I'm assuming this person was unaware these processors have 3 memory channels and to optimize memory performance one should choose memory in multiples of three. Based on this information, I have a question: By entering the BIOS, can I disable the bank on each processor that has the single memory module? If so, will this have any adverse effects or behave differently than physically removing the modules? I ask due to the fact that I prefer to store the extra memory in the system if it truly behaves as if the memory is not even there. Also, I see this as an opportunity to test 12GB vs. 16GB to see if there is a noticeable difference. Note: According to http://www.delltechcenter.com/page/04-08-2009+-+Nehalem+and+Memory+Configurations?t=anon, the current configuration reduces the overall data transfer speed to 1066 and in addition, the memory bandwidth goes down by about 23%.

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• OpenVPN not with Windows 7 PCs on client Lan

  - by Rohan

  I have a setup with a router running OpenWRT with an openvpn client. Windows 7 pc's cannot access the vpn. They time out trying to access servers on the VPN. The mystery to me is that the setup works fine for my laptop running ubuntu. I can access the VPN without any issues. I previously had a router running Tomato with the same openvpn setup and all the computers could access the VPN. What could account for the difference in behaviour? Is there something I am missing in the OpenWRT setup that is required for windows networking that is on by default with tomato? To clarify the OpenVPN client is on the OpenWRT router. The client connects to the OpenVPN server. But when I try to access the VPN from Windows computers on my network I cannot.

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• Doubts about Cloud Infrastructure

  - by Pravin

  Maybe a little more of the same questions that others have asked but wanted to clarify my doubt, for some years run my hosting company (reseller of esds) and I've done well so far, but I am determined to bring quality and server technology to offer another level. So far I have understood that there is a difference between cloud and cluster servers because the cluster function as load balancers that distribute in different servers roles and use the servers less overloaded in the cloud is the union of multiple servers and then the same is vitualized unlike the cluster that is allowed to use the resources of the CPU and RAM servers in the virtualized environment. My approach is to use 3 dedicated servers to create a cloud server, My doubts: Does this type of cloud servers are only reserved for big companies? (Either because the union of the servers is done by hardware or software with high price) What characteristics should these servers meet? Possibly through software which should be used? Available? Thanks for your time, Cheers!

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• Solr 3 with jetty and ubuntu 11.10

  - by john

  I'd like to install solr 3. It will accept connections only locally. I read that jetty takes less memory than tomcat. I have Ubuntu 11.10 server. There is no clear tutorial about it anywhere on the internet. Most of them are old and talking about other combinations. I tried some of them, but didn't succeed in making it work. I'd prefer using packages with apt-get, but if the packages are not updated, I may install each part manually. Also, some tutorials say to install openjdk-6-jdk and other sun-java6-jdk. What's the difference? What are the steps to set up solr 3 + jetty in ubuntu 11.10?

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• Which is faster? 4x10k SAS Drives in RAID 10 or 3x15k SAS Drives in RAID 5?

  - by Jenkz

  I am reviewing quote for a server upgrade. (RHEL). The server will have both Apache and MySQL on it, but the reason for upgrade is to increase DB performance. CPU has been upgraded massively, but I know that disk speed is also a factor. So RAID 10 is faster performance than RAID 5, but how much difference does the drive speed make? (The 15k discs in the RAID 5 config is at the top of my budget btw, hence not considdering 4x15k discs in RAID 10, which I assume would be the optimum.)

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• Server only powers (but doesn't POST) when IDE drive is powered

  - by Jookia

  So after a thunderstorm last night which did a little damage, a Gigabyte server has decided it's going on power on but not POST. If it is POSTing, it's doing a very bad job at telling me. No beeps, nothing. Power seems to reach the components though. CD Drive opens and closes. So after stripping it back, I've found that the difference between this behaviour and deciding it's not going to power on for more than half a second, is having a power cable plugged in to one of the IDE hard drives. Is this normal, or a sign that the PSU has had it?

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• Is Windows XP Pro not a good Hyper-V guest citizen?

  - by Magnus

  On my Windows Server 2008 R2 w. the Hyper-V role, I have these guest VMs: 3 x Windows Server 2008 R2 2 x Windows Server 2003 x86 2 x Windows 7 x64 1 x Windows XP Pro x86 In general, all machines are very fast and responsive. However, the Windows XP Pro guest is very sluggish. It can take up to 2 minutes to connect to the console/or a RD session. Sometimes it can "go into sleep" for several minutes. I have tried to add a 2nd CPU and more memory, but it doesn't help. When the issue happens, it's more or less impossible to get a responsive Task Manager up to analyze which process is hogging the CPU. But I have noticed that it can be various processes; lsass.exe, crss.exe etc. Integration Services is installed. Microsoft Security Essentials is installed, but I have tried without it, no difference. Any ideas?

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• How to pass bash script arguments to a subshell

  - by Ralf Holly

  I have a wrapper script that does some work and then passes the original parameters on to another tool: #!/bin/bash # ... other_tool -a -b "$@" This works fine, unless the "other tool" is run in a subshell: #!/bin/bash # ... bash -c "other_tool -a -b $@" If I call my wrapper script like this: wrapper.sh -x "blah blup" then, only the first orginal argument (-x) is handed to "other_tool". In reality, I do not create a subshell, but pass the original arguments to a shell on an Android phone, which shouldn't make any difference: #!/bin/bash # ... adb sh -c "other_tool -a -b $@"

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• Do the amount of CUDA cores matter for Sony Vegas

  - by Saif Bechan

  I am building a new PC, and I am wondering if I am making the right choices. The PC will mainly be used for video editing, and mainly in Sony Vegas. Now I have the choice of going with a video that that has more of less CUDO cores. To be precise I am choosing between a Ti and non-Ti version of an nVidea video card. Now I have read that sony vegas can partially use the CUDA cores to it's benefit, but not that much, and only if you use GPU acceleration. On the other hand I have heard it's better to leave GPU acceleration off as it will effect the quality of the output. Making it so that the CUDA cores actually don't make much of a difference after all.

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• Is it possible to use a laptop charger in other laptop with different specifications?

  - by poz2k4444

  Let's say I have my laptop charger that uses 19.5V and 3.9A and I want to use it in other laptop that has no charger but it needs just 19V and 3.16A, I've studied a little of electtronics and I know that the amperage doesn't affect because the computer will use just the necessary, but I'm not really sure about the voltage. I read this post and I know the polarity is the same and the connector fits, but it doesn't say anything about voltage, I also know if the voltage of the charger were lower than the specification it'll not be a problem, but what about this little almost insignificant difference??

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• Upgrade MySQL on Plesk on Windows

  - by Cyril Gupta

  I just got a nasty surprise when I installed a website in Unicode Hindi (Indian language) on a server, all freshly entered unicode data is turning into question marks on the server. On my dev machine it works perfectly. I found that I have MySQL version 5.0.45 (installed in default by Plesk I guess). On my dev machine i have version 5.1.33. I believe the problem could be due to the version difference. The new version of MySQL apparently has better support for Unicode than the older one. I want to upgrade MySQL on my Windows Server machine with Plesk installed on it I am reluctant to just install the new version using the mysql installer because Plesk maintains some custom settings for mysql and I am afraid the new version could change those settings and break my db. Can anyone tell me do I have to do anything special to install MySQL on plesk on windows or can I just use the new version installer?

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• What is polarity for an unmarked USB hub?

  - by Feral Oink

  On my USB hub where the power supply plugs in, the polarity is unmarked (I got it used, from my brother's friend). I need to know what the polarity should be. I don't think it makes a difference about the brand. Could someone who has a USB hub tell me what the polarity markings are? This is why I need to know about the polarity: Usually the center pin is positive and the outer pin is negative. But I'm not sure with this, and want to be certain before I plug anything into it.

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• Samsung 830 very slow benchmark numbers

  - by alekop

  I just bought a new SSD, and installed a fresh copy of Windows on it. I didn't see any noticeable difference in boot times, app start-up times, so I decided to benchmark it. Asus P7P55D-E Intel i5-760 Samsung 830 256GB SATA III Windows 7 Ultimate 64-bit The Windows experience index gave the drive a 7.3 rating, but real-world performance is not particularly impressive. Any ideas why the numbers are so low? UPDATE: It turns out that SATA III support is turned off by default on the P7P55D motherboard. After enabling it in BIOS (Tools - Level Up), the scores went up: Read Write Seq 325 183 4K 16 49 IOPS 32K 28K It's an improvement, but still far below what they should be for this drive.

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• Using QoS to prioritize IP addresses

  - by Tristan

  I have a Western Digital N900 router. I was hoping I'd be able to throttle users based on their MAC address with it, which isn't possible sadly. Seems simple in principle though, duh. The battle against bandwidth hogging roomates rages on. Could I just set the local IP range to their IP, and then set the Local port range to every single port in existence. Then prioritize their IP to lower than mine? Will this work? What are all the ports? And what's the difference between Local and Remote IPs or Ports? Name: Roomate, Priority: Low, Protocol: TCP or UDP ??, Local IP Range: .101 to .101, Local Port Range: 0 to infinity, Remote IP Range: ? to ?, Remote Port Range: ? to ?

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