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  • How to number the ls output in unix?

    - by Snehal
    I am trying to write a file with format - "id file_absolute_path" which basically lists down all the files recursively in a folder and give an identifier to each file listed like 1,2,3,4. I can get the absolute path of the files recursively using the following command: ls -d -1 $PWD/**/*/* However, I am unable to give an identifier from the output of the ls command. I am sure this can be done using awk, but can't seem to solve it.

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  • F#: how to find Cartesian power

    - by Nike
    I have a problem with writing a Cartesian power function. I found many examples about calculating Cartesian Product, but no one about Cartesian power. For example, [1;2] raised to power 3 = [ [1;1;1] ; [1;1;2] ; [1;2;1] ; [1;2;2] ; [2;1;1] ; [2;1;2] ; [2;2;1]; [2;2;2] ] I use following code to calculate Cartesian Product: let Cprod U V = let mutable res = [] for u in U do for v in V do res <- res @ [[u;v]] res And trying to calculate Cartesian power. I use following code to calculate Cartesian Product: let Cpower U n = let mutable V = U for i=0 to n-1 do V <- Dprod U V V Visual Studio said: Error The resulting type would be infinite when unifying ''a' and ''a list'. I will thankful for any help and links.

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  • The next step & technology towards web services.

    - by webzide
    Hi, My name is Dennis and I am pretty ambitious of creating the next big thing for the web. I have ideas but now I gotta get to work to learn the tools. I am learning Javascript. I don't know if next step for me to take is PHP or some suggests RUBY on Rails. What are the pros and cons. With your experience, I wish you could hint me to the right direction. Thanks. I don't mind working hard. My goal is to create a comprehensive and secure web service platform as well as a fast and user friendly UI.

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  • Is there a language with native pass-by-reference/pass-by-name semantics, which could be used in mod

    - by Bubba88
    Hi! This is a reopened question. I look for a language and supporting platform for it, where the language could have pass-by-reference or pass-by-name semantics by default. I know the history a little, that there were Algol, Fortran and there still is C++ which could make it possible; but, basically, what I look for is something more modern and where the mentioned value pass methodology is preferred and by default (implicitly assumed). I ask this question, because, to my mind, some of the advantages of pass-by-ref/name seem kind of obvious. For example when it is used in a standalone agent, where copyiong of values is not necessary (to some extent) and performance wouldn't be downgraded much in that case. So, I could employ it in e.g. rich client app or some game-style or standalone service-kind application. The main advantage to me is the clear separation between identity of a symbol, and its current value. I mean when there is no reduntant copying, you know that you're working with the exact symbol/path you have queried/received. And intristing boxing of values will not interfere with the actual logic of program. I know that there is C# ref keyword, but it's something not so intristic, though acceptable. Equally, I realize that pass-by-reference semantics could be simulated in virtually any language (Java as an instant example) and so on.. not sure about pass by name :) What would you recommend - create a something like DSL for such needs wherever it be appropriate; or use some languages that I already know? Maybe, there is something that I'm missing? Thank you!

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  • Discovering a functional algorithm from a mutable one

    - by Garrett Rowe
    This isn't necessarily a Scala question, it's a design question that has to do with avoiding mutable state, functional thinking and that sort. It just happens that I'm using Scala. Given this set of requirements: Input comes from an essentially infinite stream of random numbers between 1 and 10 Final output is either SUCCEED or FAIL There can be multiple objects 'listening' to the stream at any particular time, and they can begin listening at different times so they all may have a different concept of the 'first' number; therefore listeners to the stream need to be decoupled from the stream itself. Pseudocode: if (first number == 1) SUCCEED else if (first number >= 9) FAIL else { first = first number rest = rest of stream for each (n in rest) { if (n == 1) FAIL else if (n == first) SUCCEED else continue } } Here is a possible mutable implementation: sealed trait Result case object Fail extends Result case object Succeed extends Result case object NoResult extends Result class StreamListener { private var target: Option[Int] = None def evaluate(n: Int): Result = target match { case None => if (n == 1) Succeed else if (n >= 9) Fail else { target = Some(n) NoResult } case Some(t) => if (n == t) Succeed else if (n == 1) Fail else NoResult } } This will work but smells to me. StreamListener.evaluate is not referentially transparent. And the use of the NoResult token just doesn't feel right. It does have the advantage though of being clear and easy to use/code. Besides there has to be a functional solution to this right? I've come up with 2 other possible options: Having evaluate return a (possibly new) StreamListener, but this means I would have to make Result a subtype of StreamListener which doesn't feel right. Letting evaluate take a Stream[Int] as a parameter and letting the StreamListener be in charge of consuming as much of the Stream as it needs to determine failure or success. The problem I see with this approach is that the class that registers the listeners should query each listener after each number is generated and take appropriate action immediately upon failure or success. With this approach, I don't see how that could happen since each listener is forcing evaluation of the Stream until it completes evaluation. There is no concept here of a single number generation. Is there any standard scala/fp idiom I'm overlooking here?

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  • Conventions for the behavior of double or triple "click to select text" features?

    - by John Sullivan
    Almost any mature program that involves text implements "double click to select the word" and, in some cases, "triple click to select additional stuff like an entire line" as a feature. I find these features useful but they are often inconsistent between programs. Example - some programs' double clicks do not select the ending space after a word, but most do. Some recognize the - character as the end of a word, others do not. SO likes to select the entire paragraph as I write this post when I triple click it, VS web developer 2005 has no triple click support, and ultra-edit 32 will select one line upon triple clicking. We could come up with innumerable inconsistencies about how double and triple click pattern matching is implemented across programs. I am concerned about how to implement this behavior in my program if nobody else has achieved a convention about how the pattern matching should work. My question is, does a convention (conventions? maybe an MS or Linux convention?) exist that dictates how these features are supposed to behave to the end user? What, if any, are they?

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  • Explain ML type inference to a C++ programmer

    - by Tsubasa Gomamoto
    How does ML perform the type inference in the following function definition: let add a b = a + b Is it like C++ templates where no type-checking is performed until the point of template instantiation after which if the type supports the necessary operations, the function works or else a compilation error is thrown ? i.e. for example, the following function template template <typename NumType> NumType add(NumType a, NumType b) { return a + b; } will work for add<int>(23, 11); but won't work for add<ostream>(cout, fout); Is what I am guessing is correct or ML type inference works differently? PS: Sorry for my poor English; it's not my native language.

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  • Create UML diagrams after or before coding?

    - by ajsie
    I can clearly see the benefits of having UML diagrams showing your infrastructure of the application (class names, their members, how they communicate with each other etc). I'm starting a new project right now and have already structured the database (with visual paradigm). I want to use some design patterns to guide me how to code the classes. I wonder, should I code the classes first before I create UML diagram of it (maybe out of the code... seems possible) or should I first create UML diagram and then code (or generate code from the UML, seems possible that too). What are you experiences telling you is the best way?

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  • Closures and universal quantification

    - by Apocalisp
    I've been trying to work out how to implement Church-encoded data types in Scala. It seems that it requires rank-n types since you would need a first-class const function of type forAll a. a -> (forAll b. b -> b). However, I was able to encode pairs thusly: import scalaz._ trait Compose[F[_],G[_]] { type Apply = F[G[A]] } trait Closure[F[_],G[_]] { def apply[B](f: F[B]): G[B] } def pair[A,B](a: A, b: B) = new Closure[Compose[PartialApply1Of2[Function1,A]#Apply, PartialApply1Of2[Function1,B]#Apply]#Apply, Identity] { def apply[C](f: A => B => C) = f(a)(b) } For lists, I was able to get encode cons: def cons[A](x: A) = { type T[B] = B => (A => B => B) => B new Closure[T,T] { def apply[B](xs: T[B]) = (b: B) => (f: A => B => B) => f(x)(xs(b)(f)) } } However, the empty list is more problematic and I've not been able to get the Scala compiler to unify the types. Can you define nil, so that, given the definition above, the following compiles? cons(1)(cons(2)(cons(3)(nil)))

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  • my realtime network receiving time differs a lot, anyone can help?

    - by sguox002
    I wrote a program using tcpip sockets to send commands to a device and receive the data from the device. The data size would be around 200kB to 600KB. The computer is directly connected to the device using a 100MB network. I found that the sending packets always arrive at the computer at 100MB/s speed (I have debugging information on the unit and I also verified this using some network monitoring software), but the receiving time differs a lot from 40ms to 250ms, even if the size is the same (I have a receiving buffer about 700K and the receiving window of 8092 bytes and changing the window size does not change anything). The phenomena differs also on different computers, but on the same computer the problem is very stable. For example, receiving 300k bytes on computer a would be 40ms, but it may cost 200ms on another computer. I have disabled firewall, antivirus, all other network protocol except the TCP/IP. Any experts on this can give me some hints?

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  • Linux Kernel - Slab Allocator Question

    - by Drex
    I am playing around with the kernel and am looking at the kmem_cache files_cachep belonging to fork.c. It detects the sizeof(files_struct). My question is this: I have altered files_struct and added a rb_root (red/black tree root) using the built-in functionality in linux/rbtree.h. I can properly insert values into this tree. However, at some point, a segfault occurs and GDB backtraces the following information: (gdb) backtrace 0 0x08066ad7 in page_ok (page=) at arch/um/os-Linux/sys-i386/task_size.c:31 1 0x08066bdf in os_get_top_address () at arch/um/os-Linux/sys-i386/task_size.c:100 2 0x0804a216 in linux_main (argc=1, argv=0xbfb05f14) at arch/um/kernel/um_arch.c:277 3 0x0804acdc in main (argc=1, argv=0xbfb05f14, envp=0xbfb05f1c) at arch/um/os-Linux/main.c:150 I have spent many hours trying to figure out why there is a segfault given that the red/black tree inserts properly. I'm thinking it's a memory allocation issue with new processes made by fork() of a parent process. Could this be the case and could it have something to do with kmem_cache files_cachep?

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  • Searching for patterns to create a TCP Connection Pool for high performance messaging

    - by JoeGeeky
    I'm creating a new Client / Server application in C# and expect to have a fairly high rate of connections. That made me think of database connection pools which help mitigate the expense of creating and disposing connections between the client and database. I would like to create a similar capability for my application and haven't been able to find any good examples of how to apply this pattern. Do I really need to spin up an instance of a TcpClient every time I want to send a message to the server and receive a receipt message? Each connection is expected to transport between 1-5KB with each receiving a 1KB response message. I realize this question is somewhat vague, but I am starting from scratch so I am open to suggestions. Even if that means my suppositions are all wrong.

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  • Does MATLAB perform tail call optimization?

    - by Shea Levy
    I've recently learned Haskell, and am trying to carry the pure functional style over to my other code when possible. An important aspect of this is treating all variables as immutable, i.e. constants. In order to do so, many computations that would be implemented using loops in an imperative style have to be performed using recursion, which typically incurs a memory penalty due to the allocation a new stack frame for each function call. In the special case of a tail call (where the return value of a called function is immediately returned to the callee's caller), however, this penalty can be bypassed by a process called tail call optimization (in one method, this can be done by essentially replacing a call with a jmp after setting up the stack properly). Does MATLAB perform TCO by default, or is there a way to tell it to?

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  • Good language to learn in order to build small websites

    - by mkoryak
    I want to start building websites and charging people for them! My problem is that the stack that know well does not lend itself to quick development, or cheap hosting. I am looking for languages that satisfy the following criteria: Fast to develop in Can find cheap hosting for it Bonus points if it can also be 'enterprisey'

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  • Object serialization practical uses?

    - by nash
    How many software projects have you worked on used object serialization? I personally never came across a scenario where object serialization was used. One use case i can think of is, a server software storing objects to disk to save memory. Are there other types of software where object serialization is essential or preferred over a database?

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  • display records which exist in file2 but not in file1

    - by Phoenix
    log file1 contains records of customers(name,id,date) who visited yesterday log file2 contains records of customers(name,id,date) who visited today How would you display customers who visited yesterday but not today? Constraint is: Don't use auxiliary data structure because file contains millions of records. [So, no hashes] Is there a way to do this using Unix commands ??

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  • python interactive web data/forms/interface communicating with remote server

    - by decipher
    What's an efficient method (preferably simple as well) for communicating with a remote server and allowing the user to 'interact' with it (IE submit commands, user interface) via the web browser (IE a text box to input commands, and an text area for output, or various command-less abstracted interfaces)? I have the 'standalone' python code finished for communicating and working(terminal/console based right now). My primary concern is with re-factoring the code to suite the web, which involves establishing a connection (python sockets), and maintaining the connection while the user is logged on. some further details: currently using django framework for the basic back end/templates.

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  • Apply a Quartz filter while saving PDF under Mac OS X 10.6.3

    - by olpa
    Using Mac OS X API, I'm trying to save a PDF file with a Quartz filter applied, just like it is possible from the "Save As" dialog in the Preview application. So far I've written the following code (using Python and pyObjC, but it isn't important for me): -- filter-pdf.py: begin from Foundation import * from Quartz import * import objc page_rect = CGRectMake (0, 0, 612, 792) fdict = NSDictionary.dictionaryWithContentsOfFile_("/System/Library/Filters/Blue \ Tone.qfilter") in_pdf = CGPDFDocumentCreateWithProvider(CGDataProviderCreateWithFilename ("test .pdf")) url = CFURLCreateWithFileSystemPath(None, "test_out.pdf", kCFURLPOSIXPathStyle, False) c = CGPDFContextCreateWithURL(url, page_rect, fdict) np = CGPDFDocumentGetNumberOfPages(in_pdf) for ip in range (1, np+1): page = CGPDFDocumentGetPage(in_pdf, ip) r = CGPDFPageGetBoxRect(page, kCGPDFMediaBox) CGContextBeginPage(c, r) CGContextDrawPDFPage(c, page) CGContextEndPage(c) -- filter-pdf.py: end Unfortunalte, the filter "Blue Tone" isn't applied, the output PDF looks exactly as the input PDF. Question: what I missed? How to apply a filter? Well, the documentation doesn't promise that such way of creating and using "fdict" should cause that the filter is applied. But I just rewritten (as far as I can) sample code /Developer/Examples/Quartz/Python/filter-pdf.py, which was distributed with older versions of Mac (meanwhile, this code doesn't work too): ----- filter-pdf-old.py: begin from CoreGraphics import * import sys, os, math, getopt, string def usage (): print ''' usage: python filter-pdf.py FILTER INPUT-PDF OUTPUT-PDF Apply a ColorSync Filter to a PDF document. ''' def main (): page_rect = CGRectMake (0, 0, 612, 792) try: opts,args = getopt.getopt (sys.argv[1:], '', []) except getopt.GetoptError: usage () sys.exit (1) if len (args) != 3: usage () sys.exit (1) filter = CGContextFilterCreateDictionary (args[0]) if not filter: print 'Unable to create context filter' sys.exit (1) pdf = CGPDFDocumentCreateWithProvider (CGDataProviderCreateWithFilename (args[1])) if not pdf: print 'Unable to open input file' sys.exit (1) c = CGPDFContextCreateWithFilename (args[2], page_rect, filter) if not c: print 'Unable to create output context' sys.exit (1) for p in range (1, pdf.getNumberOfPages () + 1): #r = pdf.getMediaBox (p) r = pdf.getPage(p).getBoxRect(p) c.beginPage (r) c.drawPDFDocument (r, pdf, p) c.endPage () c.finish () if __name__ == '__main__': main () ----- filter-pdf-old.py: end

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  • How to simulate a dial-up connection for testing purposes?

    - by mawg
    I have to code a server app where clients open a TCP/IP socket, send some data and close the connection. The data packets are small < 100 bytes, however there is talk of having them batch their transactions and send multiple packets. How can I best simulate a dial-up ut connection (using Delphy & Indy components, just FYI)? Is it as simple as open connection wait a while (what is the definition of "a while"?) close connection

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  • How do I handle partial write completions from overlapped I/O using I/O Completion Ports

    - by Poni
    On Windows I/O completion ports, say I do this: void function() { WSASend("1111"); // A WSASend("2222"); // B WSASend("3333"); // C } If I got a "write-complete" that says 3 bytes of WSASend() A were sent, is it possible that right after that I'll get a "write-complete" that tells me that some or all of B & C were sent, or will TCP will hold them until I re-issue a WSASend() call with the rest of A's data? Or will TCP complete it automatically?

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