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• Choice of operating systems for a Rackspace cloud installation

  - by riteshmnayak

  I am planning to use Rackspace cloud services to host a java web application and also run apace for wordpress and trac. What would be a stable operating system to host such an application. My requirements are that the core OS bundle should be minimalistic (so I can install only what I want), consume very little memory and be performant. I would also need it to contain softwares for the common lamp stack, J2EE stack etc. A supported package manager would be lovely. My choices are listed below. RHEL 5.3 or 5.4 Debian Lenny Ubuntu 8.04 onwards Centos 5.3 or 5.4 Arch 2009.02 Gentoo 2008.0 or 10.1 Fedora 11 or 12 PS: can somebody add the rackspace tag to this? Edit to remove this line as well. Thanks

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• Mac Management and Security

  - by Bart Silverstrim

  I was going through some literature on managing OS X laptops and asked someone some questions about usage scenarios when using the MacBooks. I asked someone more knowledgeable than I about whether it was possible for my Mac to be taken over if I were visiting another site for a conference or if I went on a wifi network at a local coffee house with policies from an OS X Server with workgroup manager (either legit for the site or someone running a version of OS X Server on hardware they have hidden somewhere on the network), which apparently could be set up to do things like limit my access to Finder or impose other neat whiz-bang management features. He said that it is indeed possible for it to happen as it would be assigned via the DHCP server and the OS X server would assume my Mac is a guest and could hand out restrictions and apparently my Mac will happily accept them without notifying me or giving me an option, unlike Windows which I believe would need to be joined to a domain before it becomes "managed" by Active Directory. So my question is as network admins and sysadmins with users traveling with MacBooks, is there a way to reasonably protect your users from having their machines hijacked without resorting to just turning off networking all the time? Or isn't this much of a security hazard? What threat does this pose to the road warriors in your businesses?

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• Automatically Login & Startup A Windows Program On Amazon's EC2 Service

  - by darkAsPitch

  How can I automatically start a program on Amazon's EC2 Windows 2008 web servers? For example, if I wanted to test the "Digg effect" on a web page of mine, how could I open 100 windows 2008 servers at once, each loading one (or two?) instances of the firefox web browser? I have placed a sample batch file in the windows startup folder that echos the time it was called, but it is only started when I actually login remotely via the remote desktop protocol. I don't want to have to login to 100 servers to get my software to run :P What can I do? I am using this Windows 2008 Datacenter, Amazon-supplied AMI specifically: ami-a2698bcb

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• Comparison of cloud hosting providers

  - by Abel

  Is there a place where we can compare* the many new arising cloud hosting providers? From reading into each of them, they seem very different and range from just hosting applications (google) to a semi-full enterprise web serving framework (rackspace). Comparing "by hand" takes a lot of time. All have limitations and different prizing, but which are those and how do they compare? I'm looking for an unbiased comparison site, rather then a discussion on "which is the best". * I don't mean a hosting provider comparison site, of which there are many. The properties of cloud hosting providers are remarkably different and don't compare well on classical hosting provider comparison charts.

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• Linux & Windows Boot Up Times in Amazon Web Service and Windows Azure

  - by Adron

  I've been working with Windows Azure and Amazon Web Services EC2 for a good many months now (almost getting to the years range) and I've seen something over and over that seems troubling. With AWS & Linux I commonly get instance startup times with EC2 around the 1-3 minute range. With AWS & Windows OS on an EC2 instance it often takes 10-20 minutes. With Windows Azure Web or Service Role I often get anywhere from 6-30 minutes waiting for a role to startup. I assume of course this involves booting up a windows instance somewhere in the fabric. I know there has always been tons of FUD about windows vs. Linux, but I'd really like to know why it is that Windows 08 or 03 boots so much slower in the cloud than Linux. Any specific technical information regarding this would be greatly appreciated! Thanks.

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• MySql Data Loss - post mortem analysis - RackSpace Cloud Server

  - by marfarma

  After a recent 'emergency migration' of a RS cloud server, the mysql databases on our server snapshot image proved to be days out of date from the backup date. And yet files that were uploaded through the impacted webapp had been written to the file system. Related metadata that was written to the database was lost, but the files themselves were backed-up. Once I was able to manually access the mysql data files before the mysql server started (server was configured to start mysql on boot), I was able to see that the update time for ib_logfile1, ib_logfile0 and ibdata1 was days old. As with this poster, mysql data loss after server crash, it's as if some caching controller had told the OS / mysql server that it had committed data that was still in cache, and it was lost instead of flushed. I can't quite wrap my head around how the uploaded files got written but the database data did not. I would have thought that any cache would have flushed system wide, rather than process by process. Any suggestions as to how this might have happened?

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• Raid-1 Western Digital Green AARS, cloning and WD Align Utility

  - by Jaguar

  Hello all, My current setup runs on top of 2x Western Digital 2500KS drives on Raid-1, using the motherboard's 780G raid controller, on WinXP. Everything is fine, but the drives are a bit noisy. I am considering buying 2x WD6400AARS disks which are the 640GB slower 'green' drives, but also feature the Advanced Formatting 4KB sectors. This means that for WinXP the partition will have to be aligned to work properly, else there is a performance penalty. There are 2 questions here: The Green drives from WD are all slower and are (according to WD) susceptible to drop-out's from the controller. Has anyone any experience in this matter? Is there a possibility the controller will drop a drive? If so, can i do anything about it? Secondly, western digital gives a utility to perform the alignment on the partition. The thing is, will the utility see the drives in question as the operating system only sees 1 logical disk? I will be making the transition using a cloning tool (most probably norton ghost) unless i don't find a solution or a clear answer, in which case i'll just buy a win 7 license and make a clean install... thx in advance

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• How do I setup a cloud server to share and sync files on ESXi hosted environment?

  - by Manoj Agarwal

  I want to setup my private cloud network for my company for syncing and sharing files. Instead of using existing players like dropbox, google drive, amazon etc. I want to setup my own cloud infrastructure. The requirement is to easily share private data internally within the organization. I already have an ESXi based cloud environment, running several virtual machines in it. Will it be feasible and achievable?

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• Create an AWS HVM Linux AMI from an Existing Paravirtual Linux AMI

  - by javacavaj

  Is it possible to create a hardware virtual machine (HVM) AMI from an existing paravirtual (PV) AMI. My initially thought was to start a new PV instance and use the ec2-create-image command to create a new image while specifying HVM as the virutalization type. However, ec2-create-image does not have a command line parameter to specify the virtualization type. Is there another way to go about doing this?

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• Recommendations for distributed processing/distributed storage systems

  - by Eddie

  At my organization we have a processing and storage system spread across two dozen linux machines that handles over a petabyte of data. The system right now is very ad-hoc; processing automation and data management is handled by a collection of large perl programs on independent machines. I am looking at distributed processing and storage systems to make it easier to maintain, evenly distribute load and data with replication, and grow in disk space and compute power. The system needs to be able to handle millions of files, varying in size between 50 megabytes to 50 gigabytes. Once created, the files will not be appended to, only replaced completely if need be. The files need to be accessible via HTTP for customer download. Right now, processing is automated by perl scripts (that I have complete control over) which call a series of other programs (that I don't have control over because they are closed source) that essentially transforms one data set into another. No data mining happening here. Here is a quick list of things I am looking for: Reliability: These data must be accessible over HTTP about 99% of the time so I need something that does data replication across the cluster. Scalability: I want to be able to add more processing power and storage easily and rebalance the data on across the cluster. Distributed processing: Easy and automatic job scheduling and load balancing that fits with processing workflow I briefly described above. Data location awareness: Not strictly required but desirable. Since data and processing will be on the same set of nodes I would like the job scheduler to schedule jobs on or close to the node that the data is actually on to cut down on network traffic. Here is what I've looked at so far: Storage Management: GlusterFS: Looks really nice and easy to use but doesn't seem to have a way to figure out what node(s) a file actually resides on to supply as a hint to the job scheduler. GPFS: Seems like the gold standard of clustered filesystems. Meets most of my requirements except, like glusterfs, data location awareness. Ceph: Seems way to immature right now. Distributed processing: Sun Grid Engine: I have a lot of experience with this and it's relatively easy to use (once it is configured properly that is). But Oracle got its icy grip around it and it no longer seems very desirable. Both: Hadoop/HDFS: At first glance it looked like hadoop was perfect for my situation. Distributed storage and job scheduling and it was the only thing I found that would give me the data location awareness that I wanted. But I don't like the namename being a single point of failure. Also, I'm not really sure if the MapReduce paradigm fits the type of processing workflow that I have. It seems like you need to write all your software specifically for MapReduce instead of just using Hadoop as a generic job scheduler. OpenStack: I've done some reading on this but I'm having trouble deciding if it fits well with my problem or not. Does anyone have opinions or recommendations for technologies that would fit my problem well? Any suggestions or advise would be greatly appreciated. Thanks!

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• Mac Management Without Permission and Security

  - by Bart Silverstrim

  I was going through some literature on managing OS X laptops and asked someone some questions about usage scenarios when using the MacBooks. I asked someone more knowledgeable than I about whether it was possible for my Mac to be taken over if I were visiting another site for a conference or if I went on a wifi network at a local coffee house with policies from an OS X Server with workgroup manager (either legit for the site or someone running a version of OS X Server on hardware they have hidden somewhere on the network), which apparently could be set up to do things like limit my access to Finder or impose other neat whiz-bang management features. He said that it is indeed possible for it to happen as it would be assigned via the DHCP server and the OS X server would assume my Mac is a guest and could hand out restrictions and apparently my Mac will happily accept them without notifying me or giving me an option, unlike Windows which I believe would need to be joined to a domain before it becomes "managed" by Active Directory. So my question is as network admins and sysadmins with users traveling with MacBooks, is there a way to reasonably protect your users from having their machines hijacked without resorting to just turning off networking all the time? Or isn't this much of a security hazard? What threat does this pose to the road warriors in your businesses?

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• EC2 Configuration

  - by user123683

  I am trying to create a server structure for my EC2 account. The design I have chosen consists of 2 instances running in different availability zones, elastic load balancer, an auto-scaling group with cloudwatch monitoring configured and a security group defining rules for access to the instances. This setup is to support an online web application written in PHP. I am trying to decide what is a better policy: Store MySQL DB on a separate Instance Store MySQL DB on an attached EBS volume (from what i know auto-scaling will not replicate the attached EBS volume but will generate new instances from a chosen AMI - is this view correct?) Regards the AMI I plan to use a basic Amazon linux 64 bit AMI, and install bastille (maybe OSSEC) but I am looking to also use an encrypted file system. Are there any issues using an encrypted file system and communication between the DB and webapp i neeed to be aware of? Are there any comms issues using the encrypted filesystem on the instance housing the webapp I was going to launch a second instance or attach a second volume in the second availability zone to act as a standby for the database - I'm just looking for some suggestions about how to get the two DB's to talk - will this be a big task Regards updates for security is it best to create a recent snapshot and just relaunch and allow Amazon to install updates on launch or is the yum update mechanism a suitable alternative - is it better practice to relaunch instead of updates being installed which force a restart. I plan to create two AMI snapshots one for the app server and one for the DB each with the same security measures in place - is this a reasonable - I just figure it is a better policy than having additional applications that are unnecessary included in a AMI that I intend on using. My plan for backup is to create periodic snapshots of the webapp and DB instances (if I use an additional EBS volume instead of separate instances my understanding is that the EBS volume will persist in S3 storage in the event of an unexpected termination and I can create snapshots of the volume backup purposes). Thanks in advance for suggestions and advice. I am new to EC2 and I may have described unnecessary overkill but I want to try implement what can be considered a best practice solution so all advice is appreciated.

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• File sharing for small, distributed, non-technical, non-profit organization?

  - by mnmldave

  Problem: I've started volunteering for a small non-profit with fewer than five non-technical Windows users who need to share 20-30GB of files (Office documents, images, PDFs, etc.) amongst themselves online. Background: The users are accustomed to a Windows network share on a machine that backed up their data locally. An on-site "disaster" has forced them to work from their homes for awhile and to re-evaluate their file sharing needs (office was located in an old building with obvious electrical issues, etc.). Access to time from volunteers with IT experience seems to be difficult. Demonstrably minimizing energy consumption is a nice-to-have. I'm currently considering Jungle Disk (a Desktop account shared amongst the handful of employees since their TOS and my inquiries to their helpdesk seem to indicate this is permissible). It appears easy-to-use, inexpensive, secure, has backup functionality, and can scale to accomodate more data when needed. I've not used it myself though (have only used Dropbox for personal use) and systems isn't my area of expertise, so am worried I might be jumping on a bandwagon. That said, any suggestions, thoughts or similar experiences would be really appreciated.

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• How to upload stuff to Amazon EC2 Windows instance?

  - by JohnIdol

  I've never used Amazon EC2 - I am thinking to test a few instances for running intensive computation processes I have a requirement for rather than buying real hardware. I am given to understand the thing is quite easy to setup - but I have no clue of how it actually works, in terms of transferring data to my ec2 instances. So the question is how can I upload stuff to my instance? Any help appreciated!

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• Should I persist images on EBS or S3 ??

  - by enes

  Hi; I am migrating my Java,Tomcat, Mysql server to AWS EC2. I have already attached EBS volume for storing Mysql data. In my web application people may upload images. So I should persist them. There are 2 alternatives in my mind. 1- Save uploaded images to EBS volume. 2- Use S3 service. The followings are my notes, please be skeptic about them, as my expertise is not on servers, but software development. EBS plus: S3 storage is more expensive. (0.15 $/Gb 0.1$/Gb) S3 plus: Serving statics from EBS may influence my web server's performance negatively. Is this true? Does Serving images affect server performance notably? For S3 my server will not be responsible for serving statics. S3 plus: Serving statics from EBS may result I/O cost, probably it will be minor. EBS plus: People say EBS is faster. S3 plus: People say S3 is more safe for persistence. EBS plus: No need to learn API, it is straight forward to save the images to EBS volume. Namely I can not decide, will be happy if you guide. Thanks

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• VmWare / Citrix Xen type environment vs Ubuntu Cloud / Amazon EC2 type environment.

  - by Nick Gorbikoff

  Hello. A bit of background. We run a small in house data center: about 20 virtualized servers (Debian Lenny, Windows 2003, Windows xp and Windows 7 machines), in a Citrix Xen pool running on 3 host servers and a SAN, plus a few standalone machines running legacy or specialized software that can't be vritualized. There is a big push everywhere now to move to cloud so we considering Ubuntu Cloud. I was wondering what are the pros / cons of running virtualized pool vs cloud to run all those machines? Thank you

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• What are the functionalities of Distributed File systems and Distributed Storage Systems?

  - by Berkay

  i'm reading cloud vendors solutions for the distributed storage systems such as Amazon Dynamo and Google Big Table. and really confused in two terms : what is Distrubuted file systems for in cloud ? what is Distributed storage systems for? what are differences of these terms and functionalities ? if i understand these terms i will create the general architecture of the cloud vendors, any good tutorial or web page will be appreciated. Thanks

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• What are the benefits of running chef-server instead of chef-solo?

  - by strife25

  I am looking at automated deployment solutions for my team and have been playing with Chef for the past few days. I've been able to get a simple web app up an running from a base Red Hat VM using chef-solo. Our end goal is to use Chef (or another system) to automatically deploy application topologies to the cloud as we run builds. Our process would basically run like so: Our web app code, dependencies, and chef cookbooks are stored in SCM A build is executed and greats a single package for images to acquire and test against The build engine then deploys new cloud images that run a chef client to get packages installed. The images acquire the cookbooks from SCM or the Chef server and install everything to get up and running What are the benefits and/or use cases for getting a Chef Server running? Are there any major benefits to have a Chef Server hold and acquire the cookbooks from SCM vs. using chef-solo and having a script that will pull the cookbooks from SCM?

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• CentOS with an Ubuntu kernel

  - by Gaia

  The Rackspace cloud server tech tells my CentOS 5.4 VPS (Xen) runs "CentOS with an Ubuntu kernel" Could someone explain, in plain terms, what "CentOS with an Ubuntu kernel" means and if there are any disadvantages (performance, mgmt) between that and running CentOS with a CentOS kernel? Thanks

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• Does cloud storage replicate the data over many datacenters if so it means i benefit content delive

  - by Berkay

  Let's assume that i want to use cloud storage service from one of the cloud storage provider, i got X gb structured and unstructured data and i will use this data as my contents of my interactive web page. And now i have some doubts about this point.I have many users and they are all visiting my web page from various countries.To be more specific first; does my data stored only of the Cloud Storage data center ? or Does my data replicated over many data centers of my provider? second if so; how can i benefit from content delivery network? (matching and placing users’ content nearest storage data centers)

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• How will I support 100,000 requests an hour?!

  - by tylerl

  I know this question is a little strange but I got lucky with an idea and I need some numbers to use for when I try to make a deal with a company. I'm wondering how much it'll cost me to run a site that's heavy on PHP and gets between 70,000 and 100,000 requests an hour on something like Rackspace's Cloud Servers. I have no idea how many servers I need or how much RAM each one should have. There will be a decent number of images on the site (probably something like 10,000 in the first couple weeks) and the site runs on about 2,500 lines of PHP code. I figure I should sign up for a CDN of some kind, although CDN In A Box is all I've heard of and I'm not sure it's necessary for a site that's already on a cloud platform. I've obviously never done anything like this before so I'm just looking to get an estimation of what I need for this massive site... Also, I use a database and I was wondering how that works - would I dedicate one of the cloud servers to running the database or would I need to put the database into each of the cloud servers? Thanks in advance...

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• Do Cloud Vendors ensure ACID properties while offering Relational Database services ?

  - by Berkay

  ACID properties are important for the RDMS applications.There are many relational database services offered by the cloud providers such as AMAZON RDS and Microsoft SQL Azure. i'm curious about if the ACID properties are provided or not ? thanks.

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• Cloudify: bootstrap-localcloud: operation failed?

  - by quanta

  OS: Gentoo, CentOS Version: 2.1.0 Follow the quick start guide, I got the below error when running bootstrap-localcloud: cloudify@default> bootstrap-localcloud STARTING CLOUDIFY MANAGEMENT 2012-05-30 14:55:50,396 WARNING [org.cloudifysource.shell.commands.AbstractGSCommand] - ; \ Caused by: org.cloudifysource.shell.commands.CLIException: \ Error while starting agent. \ Please make sure that another agent is not already running. Operation failed. What port Cloudify is using to check that agent is running? PS: it's working fine when running on Windows. UPDATE: Wed May 30 22:37:30 ICT 2012 Reply to @tamirkorem and @Itai Frenkel: I'm pretty sure because this is the first time I run that command on 2 servers. More clearly, here're the output: cloudify@default> teardown-localcloud Teardown will uninstall all of the deployed services. Do you want to continue [y/n]? 2012-05-30 22:43:33,145 WARNING [org.cloudifysource.shell.commands.AbstractGSCommand] - Teardown failed. Failed to fetch the currently deployed applications list. For force teardown use the -force flag. Operation failed. cloudify@default> teardown-localcloud -force Teardown will uninstall all of the deployed services. Do you want to continue [y/n]? Failed to fetch the currently deployed applications list. Continuing teardown-localcloud. .2012-05-30 22:46:39,040 WARNING [org.cloudifysource.shell.commands.AbstractGSCommand] - Teardown aborted, an agent was not found on the local machine. Operation failed. and this one is the detailed result: cloudify@default> bootstrap-localcloud --verbose NIC Address=127.0.0.1 Lookup Locators=127.0.0.1:4172 Lookup Groups=localcloud Starting agent and management processes: gs-agent.sh gsa.global.lus 0 gsa.lus 0 gsa.gsc 0 gsa.global.gsm 0 gsa.gsm_lus 1 gsa.global.esm 0 gsa.esm 1 >/dev/null 2>&1 STARTING CLOUDIFY MANAGEMENT 2012-05-30 22:36:12,870 WARNING [org.cloudifysource.shell.commands.AbstractGSCommand] - ; Caused by: org.cloudifysource.shell.commands.CLIException: Error while starting agent. Please make sure that another agent is not already running. Command executed: /usr/local/src/gigaspaces-cloudify-2.1.0-ga/bin/gs-agent.sh gsa.global.lus 0 gsa.lus 0 gsa.gsc 0 gsa.global.gsm 0 gsa.gsm_lus 1 gsa.global.esm 0 gsa.esm 1 >/dev/null 2>&1 Reply to @Eliran Malka: there is no such process listening on port 4172: # netstat --protocol=inet -nlp Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:9050 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2363/tor tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2331/mysqld tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2293/cupsd

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• How to install software on Amazon EC2 Windows instance?

  - by JohnIdol

  I've never used Amazon EC2 - I am thinking to test a few instances for running intensive computation processes I have a requirement for rather than buying real hardware. I am given to understand the thing is quite easy to setup - but I have no clue of how it actually works. Can I upload disc images and install just any software as on any other virtual machine or is there any significant difference? Any help appreciated!

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• Does Cloud Vendors ensure ACID properties while offering Relational Database services ?

  - by Berkay

  ACID properties are important for the RDMS applications.There are many relational database services offered by the cloud providers such as AMAZON RDS and Microsoft SQL Azure. i'm curious about if the ACID properties are provided or not ? thanks.

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