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• Python - do big doc strings waste memory?

  - by orokusaki

  I understand that in Python a string is simply an expression and a string by itself would be garbage collected immediately upon return of control to a code's caller, but... Large class/method doc strings in your code: do they waste memory by building the string objects up? Module level doc strings: are they stored infinitely by the interpreter? Does this even matter? My only concern came from the idea that if I'm using a large framework like Django, or multiple large open source libraries, they tend to be very well documented with potentially multiple megabytes of text. In these cases are the doc strings loaded into memory for code that's used along the way, and then kept there, or is it collected immediately like normal strings?

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• Is there an online tester for xPath selectors?

  - by alex

  I know there are some online regex evaluators.. very useful, matching in real time. They are like web applications of RegexBuddy. I was wondering if there is a similar thing for xPath selectors? I am just learning them and it would be valuable to me. Is there an online tester that allows you to input XML and then an xPath selector and match (live would be better, but I doubt someone has written a JavaScript interpreter?) them? Thanks

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• Compiling and installing pyactivemq on osx

  - by muanis

  I'm having a hardtime trying to install pyactivemq (link) on my osx leopard. Following a tutorial (in portuguese) on compiling it ends up ok, but when I run the tests i receive only a crypt message: "Fatal Python error: Interpreter not initialized (version mismatch?)" There is not much information on the web about using pyactivemq on osx, but what I could find is that is something related to wrong linking when boost compiles. I'm running: Mac OS 10.5.8 MacPorts 1.8.2 APR 1.3.9 Xcode 3.1.4 Boost 1.41.0 (installing for python 2.5) Activemq-cpp 2.2.6 pyactivemq 0.1.0 If someone has any info on this it would be helpful

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• Calling another ruby script from a ruby script

  - by Andrew Grimm

  In ruby, is it possible to specify to call another ruby script using the same ruby interpreter as the original script is being run by? For example, if a.rb runs b.rb a couple of times, is it possible to replace system("ruby", "b.rb", "foo", "bar") with something like run_ruby("b.rb", "foo", "bar") so that if you used ruby1.9.1 a.rb on the original, ruby1.9.1 would be used on b.rb, but if you just used ruby a.rb on the original, ruby would be used on b.rb? I'd prefer not to use shebangs, as I'd like it to be able to run on different computers, some of which don't have /usr/bin/env.

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• LISP: Keyword parameters, supplied-p

  - by echox

  At the moment I'm working through "Practical Common Lisp" from Peter Seibel. In the chapter "Practical: A Simple Database" (http://www.gigamonkeys.com/book/practical-a-simple-database.html) Seibel explains keyword parameters and the usage of a supplied-parameter with the following example: (defun foo (&key a (b 20) (c 30 c-p)) (list a b c c-p)) Results: (foo :a 1 :b 2 :c 3) ==> (1 2 3 T) (foo :c 3 :b 2 :a 1) ==> (1 2 3 T) (foo :a 1 :c 3) ==> (1 20 3 T) (foo) ==> (NIL 20 30 NIL) So if I use &key at the beginning of my parameter list, I have the possibility to use a list of 3 parameters name, default value and the third if the parameter as been supplied or not. Ok. But looking at the code in the above example: (list a b c c-p) How does the lisp interpreter know that c-p is my "supplied parameter"?

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• Commands to run programs using .NET

  - by Arjun Vasudevan

  In case I have .NET framework installed in my computer + all the necessary other language support(Perl Interpreter etc) What are the commands I should give in the console to run programs in the following languages: 1. C 2. C++ 3. Java 4. Python 5. VB 6. C# 7. Perl 8. Ruby Like we have for VB- vbc .vb, what are the commands to run other languages?

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• Running another ruby script from a ruby script

  - by Andrew Grimm

  In ruby, is it possible to specify to call another ruby script using the same ruby interpreter as the original script is being run by? For example, if a.rb runs b.rb a couple of times, is it possible to replace system("ruby", "b.rb", "foo", "bar") with something like run_ruby("b.rb", "foo", "bar") so that if you used ruby1.9.1 a.rb on the original, ruby1.9.1 would be used on b.rb, but if you just used ruby a.rb on the original, ruby would be used on b.rb? I'd prefer not to use shebangs, as I'd like it to be able to run on different computers, some of which don't have /usr/bin/env. Edit: I didn't mean load or require and the like, but spawning new processes (so I can use multiple CPUs).

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• Making Python scripts work on MAMP

  - by Ravi Teja

  Hello All Python Pro's , I'm using mamp server for testing out all my web pages. I'm new to python. I'm able to run a script in python interpreter that will normally print a hello world. print "Hello World!" So i used the same line in a file with name test.py . So how should I run this on web. As am new to python, i tried some normal things, placing test.py in /htdocs/cgi-bin/ and trying to open it. But it says forbidden page. Anyone please help me making this work. Thanks

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• What is dmake actually doing when installing a new module?

  - by aj-sin-dhal

  I just mangaged to install the perl/Tk module after much struggle. I realise I don't understand what dmake or make etc is actually doing. I am using strawberry perl installed at C:\strawberry. Fisrt I unpacked the module to another directory and ran perl makefile.pl which worked fine. Then I tried dmake which did not work. I guess that will be obvious to people who know how this works. When I placed the module as a sub-directory of C:\strawberry I could run perl makefile.pl, dmake, dmake test and dmake install. My guess is that dmake install is adding some executable files to the interpreter and to work the module must be in a subdirectory. Is there any article anywhere that explains what it is doing in detail?

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• Sending and receiving async over multiprocessing.Pipe() in Python

  - by dcolish

  I'm having some issues getting the Pipe.send to work in this code. What I would ultimately like to do is send and receive messages to and from the foreign process while its running in a fork. This is eventually going to be integrated into a pexpect loop for talking to interpreter processes. ` from multiprocessing import Process, Pipe def f(conn): cmd = '' if conn.poll(): cmd = conn.recv() i = 1 i += 1 conn.send([42 + i, cmd, 'hello']) if __name__ == '__main__': parent_conn, child_conn = Pipe() p = Process(target=f, args=(child_conn,)) p.start() from pdb import set_trace; set_trace() while parent_conn.poll(): print parent_conn.recv() # prints "[42, None, 'hello']" parent_conn.send('OHHAI') p.join() `

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• Pass elements of a list as arguments to a function in python

  - by Wilduck

  I'm building a simple interpreter in python and I'm having trouble handling differing numbers of arguments to my functions. My current method is to get a list of the commands/arguments as follows. args = str(raw_input('>> ')).split() com = args.pop(0) Then to execute com, I check to see if it is in my dictionary of command- code mappings and if it is I call the function I have stored there. For a command with no arguments, this would look like: commands[com]() However, if a command had multiple arguments, I would want this: commands[com](args[0],args[1]) Is there some trick where I could pass some (or all) of the elements of my arg list to the function that I'm trying to call? Or is there a better way of implementing this without having to use python's cmd class?

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• Possible typos in ECMAScript 5 specification?

  - by Andy West

  Does anybody know why, at the end of section 7.6 of the ECMA-262, 5th Edition specification, the nonterminals UnicodeLetter, UnicodeCombiningMark, UnicodeDigit, UnicodeconnectorPunctuation, and UnicodeEscapeSequence are not followed by two colons? From section 5.1.6: Nonterminal symbols are shown in italic type. The definition of a nonterminal is introduced by the name of the nonterminal being defined followed by one or more colons. (The number of colons indicates to which grammar the production belongs.) Since lexical productions are distinguished by having two colons, and this is under "Lexical Conventions", I'm assuming that they meant to put the colons in. Does that sound right? Just making sure that these really are nonterminals and they really are part of the lexical grammar. EDIT: I noticed there have been votes to close this. Just to make my case about why this is programming-related, it is relevant to anyone wanting to implement an ECMAScript interpreter.

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• can I override/redefine "global" Javascript functions, like confirm() and alert()?

  - by EndangeringSpecies

  I want to do some browser automation, and those pesky confirm/alert boxes are a real pain. Disabling javascript completely in this case is not an option, unfortunately. Well, so I was wondering, can I just change the definition of those methods as seen by my browser's javascript interpreter to basically do nothing and return true? Note that I do know about redefining them in the Javascript code directly, e.g. putting in function alert(message) { return true; } but AFAIK this is not a viable approach for this situation because when doing browser automation I have to work with other people's Javascript. Moreover, my program actually begins manipulating these websites already after the page has fully loaded into the browser, so I cannot just first automatically rewrite the javascript and then load the page. Well, so I was wondering if I could instead just "permanently" modify the way alert/confirm are implemented and executed in my browser. Sort of like the equivalent of dll injection and so forth in the realm of windows apps.

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• Tuple struct constructor complains about private fields

  - by Grubermensch

  I am working on a basic shell interpreter to familiarize myself with Rust. While working on the table for storing suspended jobs in the shell, I have gotten stuck at the following compiler error message: tsh.rs:8:18: 8:31 error: cannot invoke tuple struct constructor with private fields tsh.rs:8 let mut jobs = job::JobsList(vec![]); ^~~~~~~~~~~~~ It's unclear to me what is being seen as private here. As you can see below, both of the structs are tagged with pub in my module file. So, what's the secret sauce? tsh.rs use std::io; mod job; fn main() { // Initialize jobs list let mut jobs = job::JobsList(vec![]); loop { /*** Shell runtime loop ***/ } } job.rs use std::fmt; pub struct Job { jid: int, pid: int, cmd: String } impl fmt::Show for Job { /*** Formatter ***/ } pub struct JobsList(Vec<Job>); impl fmt::Show for JobsList { /*** Formatter ***/ }

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• Cython Speed Boost vs. Usability

  - by zubin71

  I just came across Cython, while I was looking out for ways to optimize Python code. I read various posts on stackoverflow, the python wiki and read the article "General Rules for Optimization". Cython is something which grasps my interest the most; instead of writing C-code for yourself, you can choose to have other datatypes in your python code itself. Here is a silly test i tried, #!/usr/bin/python # test.pyx def test(value): for i in xrange(value): i**2 if(i==1000000): print i test(10000001) $ time python test.pyx real 0m16.774s user 0m16.745s sys 0m0.024s $ time cython test.pyx real 0m0.513s user 0m0.196s sys 0m0.052s Now, honestly, i`m dumbfounded. The code which I have used here is pure python code, and all I have changed is the interpreter. In this case, if cython is this good, then why do people still use the traditional Python interpretor? Are there any reliability issues for Cython?

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• Eclipse and python: library will import in interprer, but not in IDE

  - by John

  I'm running Windows 7, Python 2.6.4 and the latest version of Eclipse. I downloaded the boto library (http://code.google.com/p/boto/) and ran python setup.py install, which created boto-1.9b-py2.6.egg in C:\Python26\Lib\site-packages. Importing a class - say, by doing 'from boto.sqs.connection import SQSConnection' - works fine from the python command line tool. But Eclipse will not find boto, despite the fact that it is using the same python interpreter as I am using when at the command line. I added the library as an external source folder, but that didn't work either. How can I properly import the boto library into Eclipse? Thanks.

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• Could not load ruby textmate?

  - by mchenja

  I have a MacBook Pro, running Mavericks, but I'm not too acquainted with its inner workings. I'm just a humble CS student. After install Ruby 1.9.3 and Rails 4.0.0, I get this annoying message every time I open a new terminal window: Unknown ruby interpreter version (do not know how to handle): textmate. Could not load ruby textmate. The message is in bright red, so it worries me. What can I do to fix it/get rid of it? Thanks! EDIT: As it turns out, the message stopped showing, but I can't recall what I did to make it stop. In any case - thanks for reading!

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• editing a file with vim that has no EOL marker on the last line but has CRLF line endings

  - by rmeador

  I often have to edit script files, the interpreter for which treats files that have an EOL marker on the last line of the file as an error (i.e. the file is treating CRLF as "newlines", not as "line endings"). Currently, I open these files in Vim using binary mode (-b on the command line). It autodetects the lack of EOL on the final line and sets the "noeol" option appropriately, which prevents it from writing an EOL on the last line. Because the file has CRLF line endings, I get lots of ^Ms at the end of my lines (because it interprets only Unix-style line endings in binary mode, it seems). I can't open it in text mode because the "noeol" option is ignored for non-binary files. This is very annoying, and I always have to remember to manually type the ^M at the end of each line! Is there some way I can force it to accept DOS-style line endings in binary mode, or force it to listen to the EOL option in text mode?

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• How can I install ruby on rails with rvm?

  - by yeahthatguyrightthere

  I've been searching around on how to install it through the terminal on my mac. I'm using snow leopard. When I use the command: rvm install 1.9.3 I've also followed the other procedures that led me up to this to install, right now the current version is 1.8.3 Error running './configure --prefix="/Users/jose/.rvm/usr" ', please read /Users/jose/.rvm/log/ruby-1.9.3-p125/yaml/configure.log Then it mentions something about xcode and autoreconf was not found in the PATH. Error running 'patch -F 25 -p1 -N -f <"/Users/jose/.rvm/patches/ruby/1.9.3/p125/xcode-debugopt-fix-e34840.diff"',please read /Users/jose/.rvm/log/ruby-1.9.3-p125/patch.apply.xcode-debugopt-fix-r34840.log rvm requires autoreconf to install the selected ruby interpreter however autoreconf was not found in the PATH I been trying for awhile now, and found out i need to have Xcode for snow leopard which I cannot find. So my last option will be to upgrade to lion but I don't know about upgrading. Kind of scared to upgrade and everything becomes buggy.

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• Detecting Infinite recursion in Python or dynamic languages

  - by drozzy

  Recently I tried compiling program something like this with GCC: int f(int i){ if(i<0){ return 0;} return f(i-1); and it ran just fine. When I inspected the stack frames the compiler optimized the program to use only one frame, by just jumping back to the beginning of the function and only replacing the arguments to f. And - the compiler wasn't even running in optimized mode. Now, when I try the same thing in Python - I hit maximum recursion wall (or stack overflow). Is there way that a dynamic language like python can take advantage of these nice optimizations? Maybe it's possible to use a compiler instead of an interpreter to make this work? Just curious!

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• Declaring more than one SPIM array causes a syntax error

  - by Zack

  Below is the beginning of a chunk of SPIM code: .data a: .space 20 b: .space 20 .text set_all: sw $ra,0($sp) li $t0,0 li $t1,10 ............ Unfortunately, the second array I declare ('b') causes the SPIM interpreter to spit out: spim: (parser) syntax error on line 3 of file spim.out b: .space 20 ^ Similar code works when I only have one array -- it seems to be the second that screws it up. I've prodded at it but can't figure out what it is about that statement that makes it break. Any thoughts? Thanks for any insight.

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• fd.seek() IOError: [Errno 22] Invalid argument

  - by Julian Kessel

  My Python Interpreter (v2.6.5) raises the above error in the following codepart: fd = open("some_filename", "r") fd.seek(-2, os.SEEK_END) #same happens if you exchange the second arg. w/ 2 data=fd.read(2); last call is fd.seek() Traceback (most recent call last): File "bot.py", line 250, in <module> fd.seek(iterator, os.SEEK_END); IOError: [Errno 22] Invalid argument The strange thing with this is that the exception occurs just when executing my entire code, not if only the specific part with the file opening. At the runtime of this part of code, the opened file definitely exists, disk is not full, the variable "iterator" contains a correct value like in the first codeblock. What could be my mistake? Thanks in advance

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• What should I use for a Perl script's shebang line?

  - by Anonymous

  Which of these is better or faster to use as the shebang line for a Perl script? #! perl #! perl.exe #! fullpath/perl(/perl.exe) #! partialpath/perl(/perl.exe) And, when using #!perl, when it works on a particular system, how do I find out in the script which perl interpreter I'm using so I can put that one into the shebang line? And, if using a /path/path/perl, are "*" or "..." allowed to be used for the folders?

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• Compiling Scala scripts. How works scalac?

  - by Arturo Herrero

  Groovy Groovy comes with a compiler called groovyc. For each script, groovyc generates a class that extends groovy.lang.Script, which contains a main method so that Java can execute it. The name of the compiled class matches the name of the script being compiled. For example, with this HelloWorld.groovy script: println "Hello World" That becomes something like this code: class HelloWorld extends Script { public static void main(String[] args) { println "Hello World" } } Scala Scala comes with a compiler called scalac. I don't know how it works. For example, with the same HelloWorld.scala script: println("Hello World") The code is not valid for scalac, because the compiler expected class or object definition, but works in Scala REPL interpreter. How is possible? Is it wrapped in a class before execution?

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• problems importing ttk from tkinter in python 2.7

  - by Benjimin Boyce

  I'm working with an example file in a tutorial that asks me to first do two imports: from tkinter import * from tkinter import ttk I get an error. I researched a bit and found that in python 2.7.x I need to capitalize the 't'in tkinter, so I change to: from Tkinter import * from Tkinter import ttk. the first line no longer gives and error, but I still get error: ImportError: cannot import name ttk. I have researched this issue on this site and other places, and cannot seem to understand what this ttk is. I'm further confused by the fact that, when I go to the python interpreter, and I type "help()", then "modules", and then "ttk" it seems to know what it is, and gives me a lot of description, for example: "DESCRIPTION This module provides classes to allow using Tk themed widget set." -however, python won't let me import it.

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