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• How can I install a specific older version of Firefox and keep it from automatically updating?

  - by Matt V.

  I wrote a bash script to configure a suite of tools for continuous integration on top of Ubuntu 10.04.2. The script recently stopped working and I tracked the problem down to the newer version of Firefox that was just released. The image of Ubuntu that I'm starting with already has Firefox installed, but I need a version in between what it comes with and the latest. Here's the code I was using: sudo add-apt-repository ppa:mozillateam/firefox-stable sudo apt-get update echo "y" | sudo apt-get install firefox How can I instead install Firefox 7.0.1 and keep it from automatically upgrading to the latest version? If I can, I'd like to avoid installing Firefox manually, so I can more easily use apt-get later, once the issue I'm running into gets resolved.

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• Grub does not autoboot the default option after upgrade to 12.10

  - by Petr Kozelka

  I recently upgraded Ubuntu from 12.04 to 12.10 and since that time, the system does not automatically boot. It always opens the boot menu, and I have to press Enter to make it boot Ubuntu. It seems to be ignoring the timeout value, and using a 'neverending' timeout. There are no other systems (no dual boot), only the options originally installed by default Ubuntu 12.04 installation. My /etc/default/grub has only these effective options: GRUB_DEFAULT='Ubuntu' GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=1 GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_QUIET=true GRUB_TIMEOUT=1 GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian` GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash" GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="" GRUB_TERMINAL=console I experimented with GRUB_DEFAULT, giving it values '0', '1', 'Ubuntu' but nothing helps. Yes I always run update-grub afterwards. How can I make the system booting again ?

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• How to prevent Ubuntu from changing screen brightness?

  - by cholazer

  I have recently installed 12.04 on ASUS-K53SV-V300. I can change the brightness on start-up with: echo 0 > /sys/class/backlight/acpi_video0/brightness >> /etc/rc.local or manually by Fn key. But, whenever Ubuntu dim my screen brightness to save power or wake-up from suspend or inactive for 20-30 seconds, brightness reset to high (my problem get much more when on battery). How can I disable screen brightness service to prevent it from changing my brightness? What service work on screen brightness? If I disable this service, can I manually set brightness by command? I found a program to work on brightness instead of default power manager.

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• Destroy guest OS using php

  - by Alee

  I am using libvirt-php to manage my virtual machines, and I need to shutdown/destroy domU. For this I used the following php script: < ? php $conn=libvirt_connect("xen:///"); $name=libvirt_domain_lookup_by_id($conn,4); $dest=libvirt_domain_destroy($name); echo $dest; ? When I run this on xampp server i get the following output: Warning: libvirt_domain_destroy() [function.libvirt-domain-destroy]: operation virDomainDestroy forbidden for read only access in /opt/lampp/htdocs/xampp/byname.php on line 5. Here is the documentation: http://libvirt.org/php/api-reference.html#libvirt_domain_destroy

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• Can't see my partitions after grub recovery

  - by dimbo

  I stupidly inserted the windows CD into my dual boot Ubuntu 11.10 / windows xp system. I just wanted to see if I could install windows on my external usb HD, but didn't actually go ahead with the install. It seems like the windows CD messed up my MBR and I had to use boot-repair and the ubuntu 11.10 live CD to gain access to ubuntu again. It seems to boot up a little differently (slower) but works. However, I now cant see any of my partitions in nautilus (there are 3). When I open gparted, it just shows my whole hard drive as unallocated (I know it has a windows partition that works and my ubuntu partition that I am using now). If I insert a usb pen, it is also not visible in nautilus but in gparted shows up as a FAT32 partition (which is correct although I cannot access it). sudo fdisk -l gives the following : demian@dimbo-TP:~$ sudo fdisk -l [sudo] password for demian: omitting empty partition (5) Disk /dev/sda: 320.1 GB, 320072933376 bytes 240 heads, 63 sectors/track, 41345 cylinders, total 625142448 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x877b877b Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 63 63842309 31921123+ 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda2 63844350 133484084 34819867+ 5 Extended /dev/sda3 127636488 133484084 2923798+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda4 133484085 625137344 245826630 83 Linux /dev/sda5 63844352 123445247 29800448 83 Linux /dev/sda6 123447296 127635455 2094080 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdb: 8100 MB, 8100249600 bytes 12 heads, 40 sectors/track, 32960 cylinders, total 15820800 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xc3072e18 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 * 5992 15820799 7907404 c W95 FAT32 (LBA) Here is my grub.conf file. Like I said before, I had to use the 'boot-repair' utility with the live cd to get grub working again. I think that this utility maybe created a new grub for me because the startup is definitely not the same. The screen goes blank for a while, and then the ubuntu loading dots come up for a brief moment (instead of during the whole startup process) before the dektop is displayed. Anyway : # DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE # # It is automatically generated by grub-mkconfig using templates # from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub # ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ### if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then set have_grubenv=true load_env fi set default="0" if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}" save_env saved_entry set prev_saved_entry= save_env prev_saved_entry set boot_once=true fi function savedefault { if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then saved_entry="${chosen}" save_env saved_entry fi } function recordfail { set recordfail=1 if [ -n "${have_grubenv}" ]; then if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then save_env recordfail; fi; fi } function load_video { insmod vbe insmod vga insmod video_bochs insmod video_cirrus } insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos6)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 5349ff67-b7b7-489f-a881-ae49c1dcd84a if loadfont /usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2 ; then set gfxmode=auto load_video insmod gfxterm insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos6)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 5349ff67-b7b7-489f-a881-ae49c1dcd84a set locale_dir=($root)/boot/grub/locale set lang=en_US insmod gettext fi terminal_output gfxterm if [ "${recordfail}" = 1 ]; then set timeout=10 else set timeout=10 fi ### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### set menu_color_normal=white/black set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray if background_color 44,0,30; then clear fi ### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### if [ ${recordfail} != 1 ]; then if [ -e ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt ]; then if hwmatch ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt 3; then if [ ${match} = 0 ]; then set linux_gfx_mode=keep else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi else set linux_gfx_mode=keep fi else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi export linux_gfx_mode if [ "$linux_gfx_mode" != "text" ]; then load_video; fi menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.0.0-12-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail set gfxpayload=$linux_gfx_mode insmod gzio insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos6)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 5349ff67-b7b7-489f-a881-ae49c1dcd84a linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.0.0-12-generic root=UUID=5349ff67-b7b7-489f-a881-ae49c1dcd84a ro quiet splash vt.handoff=7 initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.0.0-12-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.0.0-12-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail insmod gzio insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos6)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 5349ff67-b7b7-489f-a881-ae49c1dcd84a echo 'Loading Linux 3.0.0-12-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.0.0-12-generic root=UUID=5349ff67-b7b7-489f-a881-ae49c1dcd84a ro recovery nomodeset echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.0.0-12-generic } ### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### ### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+)" { insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos6)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 5349ff67-b7b7-489f-a881-ae49c1dcd84a linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin } menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)" { insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,msdos6)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 5349ff67-b7b7-489f-a881-ae49c1dcd84a linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin console=ttyS0,115200n8 } ### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### menuentry "Microsoft Windows XP Professional (on /dev/sda1)" --class windows --class os { insmod part_msdos insmod ntfs set root='(hd0,msdos1)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 72A89361A89322A1 drivemap -s (hd0) ${root} chainloader +1 } ### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### # This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the # menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change # the 'exec tail' line above. ### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ### if [ -f $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then source $prefix/custom.cfg; fi ### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ### How can I get things back to normal. Thanks, Demian.

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• Hide Grub menu and keystroke to reveal

  - by Logan Williams

  How do you have the grub appear on a key combination, but have windows boot default. I'm running ubuntu 11.10 and grub 2.0. Here is my current /etc/default/grub # If you change this file, run 'update-grub' afterwards to update # /boot/grub/grub.cfg. # For full documentation of the options in this file, see: # info -f grub -n 'Simple configuration' GRUB_DEFAULT=0 GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0 GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_QUIET=true GRUB_TIMEOUT=10 GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian` GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash" GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=" quiet vga=769" Thanks! And here is my /boot/grub/grub.cfg http://pastebin.com/HbDBe8xz

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• Setup CRON weekly backup

  - by sadmicrowave

  I want to make a backup of my /var/lib/mysql and /var/www folders and save them as tar.gz files to my mounted network file server (uslons001). Here is my bash file located in: /etc/cron.weekly/mysqlbackup.sh #!/bin/bash mkdir ~/uslons001/`date +%d%m%y` tar -czf ~/uslons001/`date +%d%m%y`/mysql.tar.gz /var/lib/mysql tar -czf ~/uslons001/`date +%d%m%y`/www.tar.gz /var/www tar -czf ~/uslons001/`date +%d%m%y`.tar.gz ~/uslons001/`date +%d%m%y` echo Backup Completed `date` >> ~/backuplog Which works PERFECTLY fine when I execute it in a cmd shell but when I setup the cron job it never runs, so I'm not setting the cron job up properly. My cron job looks like this. 30 7 * * fri /etc/cron.weekly/mysqlbackup.sh Which should execute at 7:30AM every Friday... What am I doing wrong? UPDATE1 - change the cron job line to the following: 44 8 * * 5 /etc/cron.weekly/mysqlbackup.sh with still no luck...is there a cron error log file that I can read to help pin point where the problem is?

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• Using the full tty real estate with sqlplus

  - by katsumii

  I believe 'rlwrap' is widely used for adding 'sqlplus' the history function and command line editing. 'rlwrap' has other functions and here's my kludgy alias to force sqlplus to use the full real estate of yourtty. Be it PuTTy session from Windows or Linux gnome terminal. $ declare -f sqlplus sqlplus () { PRE_TEXT=$(resize |sed -n "1s/COLUMNS=/set linesize /p;2s/LINES=/set pagesize /p"|while read line; do printf "%s \ " "$line";done); if [ -z "$1" ]; then rlwrap -m -P "$PRE_TEXT" sqlplus /nolog; else if ! echo $1 | grep '^-' > /dev/null; then rlwrap -m -P "$PRE_TEXT connect $*" sqlplus /nolog; else command sqlplus $*; fi; fi }

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• High resolution CLI?

  - by Mike Williamson

  I want the resolution of my console to match my screen resolution(1440x900). 1024x768 works fine but for some reason when I put 1440x900 when I switch to ttyX the command prompt is almost right off the bottom of the screen! The Ubuntu splash screen goes off the edge of the screen during boot as well. Here is my /etc/default/grub 4 GRUB_DEFAULT=0 5 GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0 6 GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_QUIET=true 7 GRUB_TIMEOUT=10 8 GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian` 9 GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash" 10 GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="" 11 GRUB_GFXMODE=1440x900 12 GRUB_GFXPAYLOAD_LINUX=keep How do I get my CLI resolution to be 1440x900?

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• adding regular expression in php not work

  - by John Smiith

  Code i added ([a-zA-Z0-9\_\-]+) but not work i wan't to include all css files is there is any other way to add?? My code file css.php header("Content-type: text/css"); $css = array( '([a-zA-Z0-9\\_\\-]+).css', ); foreach ($css as $css_file) { $css_get = file_get_contents($css_file); echo $css_get; } call.php <link href="css.php" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> i wan't to rewrite css.php to css.css so public can see css.css instead of css.php. how can i do that using php script?

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• VPN disconnected: resolv.conf not refreshed

  - by cwall

  I connect to VPN using vpnc. When VPN disconnects, either via time out or the session limit is reached, VPN is terminated, but resolve.conf continues to contain references to my VPN network. resolv.conf before VPN is connected: nameserver 127.0.0.1 search mylocalnetwork resolv.conf after VPN is connected and remains once VPN is lost: nameserver X.X.X.X nameserver X.X.X.Z nameserver 127.0.0.1 search internal.mycompany.com mylocalnetwork In 10.04, when VPN lost, I'd run this script to refresh resolve.conf: 7$ cat bin/refreshResolvconf.sh #!/bin/bash #if [ -e /etc/resolvconf/run/interface/tun0 -a "`pidof vpnc`" == "" ]; then /sbin/resolvconf -d tun0; fi if [ -e /etc/resolvconf/run/interface/tun0 -a "`pidof vpnc`" == "" ] then /sbin/resolvconf -d tun0; echo "Refreshed resolv.conf" fi But, resolveconf changed in 12.04 changed, so this script is no longer applicable. To resolve, I manually edit resolve.conf or turn off/on my connection via "gnome-control-center network". Anyone else have the same problem? How can resolv.conf be updated post-VPN disconnect?

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• How do I fool 12.10 to think it uses Unity2d in order to get the resolution my screen can use?

  - by Konstapel Kask

  On a laptop (model older) I have two screens (one built in, one external). I wish to use them both at the same time, but the settings app complains: Requested size (2944, 1080) exceeds 3D hardware limit (2048, 2048). You must either rearrange the displays so that they fit within a (2048, 2048) square or select the Ubuntu 2D session at login. The problem though, Unity 2D has been discontinued. I have forced Ubuntu to render Unity in 2D mode (with the help of echo export UNITY_LOW_GFX_MODE=1 >> .xprofile in accordance to this askubuntu post. But the error message still remains. How can one get the resolution that my computer supports? Or, how can I assure Ubuntu that it truly does use a 2D session?

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• Atheros AR2413 wireless not working after shutdown

  - by Chandrasekhar

  I am using a Ubuntu 11.04 on an Acer aspire 3680 laptop and my wifi is not working. I followed the below commands to install the madwifi driver: sudo su apt-get install subversion cd /usr/src svn checkout http://madwifi-project.org/svn/madwifi/trunk madwifi tar cfvz madwifi.tgz cd madwifi make && make install echo "blacklist ath5k" /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf echo "ath_pci" /etc/modules modprobe ath_pci sudo reboot After installation I am facing the same problem. My wifi wont work after I shutdown. Infact it didn't work after suspend but I rectified that problem by the following commands: Command 1: sudo rmmod -f ath_pci sudo rfkill unblock all sudo modprobe ath_pci along with the command SUSPEND_MODULES=ath_pci added to the /etc/pm/config.d/madwifi directory. So if I suspend and then on my laptop the wifi loads well and doesn't create a problem. But if I shutdown my laptop the wifi never loads again and eachtime I have to run a Ubuntu 9.04 live CD to load it. I did try adding the Command 1 to the /etc/rc.local directory but still it doesn't work. So my question is: What should I do in order to make my wireless work without having to run a live CD of ubuntu 9.04 everytime after shutdown? Thanks. Here are the outputs which one might need: Output 1 chandru@chandru-acer:~$ lspci 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Mobile 945GM/PM/GMS, 943/940GML and 945GT Express Memory Controller Hub (rev 03) 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Mobile 945GM/GMS, 943/940GML Express Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 03) 00:02.1 Display controller: Intel Corporation Mobile 945GM/GMS/GME, 943/940GML Express Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 03) 00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation N10/ICH 7 Family High Definition Audio Controller (rev 02) 00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation N10/ICH 7 Family PCI Express Port 1 (rev 02) 00:1c.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation N10/ICH 7 Family PCI Express Port 2 (rev 02) 00:1c.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation N10/ICH 7 Family PCI Express Port 3 (rev 02) 00:1d.0 USB Controller: Intel Corporation N10/ICH 7 Family USB UHCI Controller #1 (rev 02) 00:1d.1 USB Controller: Intel Corporation N10/ICH 7 Family USB UHCI Controller #2 (rev 02) 00:1d.2 USB Controller: Intel Corporation N10/ICH 7 Family USB UHCI Controller #3 (rev 02) 00:1d.3 USB Controller: Intel Corporation N10/ICH 7 Family USB UHCI Controller #4 (rev 02) 00:1d.7 USB Controller: Intel Corporation N10/ICH 7 Family USB2 EHCI Controller (rev 02) 00:1e.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801 Mobile PCI Bridge (rev e2) 00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation 82801GBM (ICH7-M) LPC Interface Bridge (rev 02) 00:1f.2 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82801GBM/GHM (ICH7 Family) SATA IDE Controller (rev 02) 00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation N10/ICH 7 Family SMBus Controller (rev 02) 02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Marvell Technology Group Ltd. 88E8038 PCI-E Fast Ethernet Controller (rev 14) 0a:03.0 Ethernet controller: Atheros Communications Inc. AR2413 802.11bg NIC (rev 01) 0a:09.0 CardBus bridge: Texas Instruments PCIxx12 Cardbus Controller 0a:09.2 Mass storage controller: Texas Instruments 5-in-1 Multimedia Card Reader (SD/MMC/MS/MS PRO/xD) Output 2: lsmod Module Size Used by wlan_tkip 17074 2 binfmt_misc 13213 1 parport_pc 32111 0 ppdev 12849 0 snd_hda_codec_si3054 12924 1 snd_hda_codec_realtek 255882 1 joydev 17322 0 snd_atiixp_modem 18624 0 snd_via82xx_modem 18305 0 snd_intel8x0m 18493 0 snd_ac97_codec 105614 3 snd_atiixp_modem,snd_via82xx_modem,snd_intel8x0m snd_hda_intel 24113 2 ac97_bus 12642 1 snd_ac97_codec snd_hda_codec 90901 3 snd_hda_codec_si3054,snd_hda_codec_realtek,snd_hda_intel i915 451053 3 snd_hwdep 13274 1 snd_hda_codec snd_pcm 80042 7 snd_hda_codec_si3054,snd_atiixp_modem,snd_via82xx_modem,snd_intel8x0m,snd_ac97_codec,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec snd_seq_midi 13132 0 snd_rawmidi 25269 1 snd_seq_midi drm_kms_helper 40971 1 i915 snd_seq_midi_event 14475 1 snd_seq_midi snd_seq 51291 2 snd_seq_midi,snd_seq_midi_event pcmcia 39671 0 snd_timer 28659 2 snd_pcm,snd_seq snd_seq_device 14110 3 snd_seq_midi,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq drm 184164 4 i915,drm_kms_helper yenta_socket 27230 0 tifm_7xx1 12898 0 wlan_scan_sta 21945 1 ath_rate_sample 17279 1 pcmcia_rsrc 18292 1 yenta_socket psmouse 73312 0 tifm_core 15040 1 tifm_7xx1 snd 55295 18 snd_hda_codec_si3054,snd_hda_codec_realtek,snd_atiixp_modem,snd_via82xx_modem,snd_intel8x0m,snd_ac97_codec,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec,snd_hwdep,snd_pcm,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq,snd_timer,snd_seq_device serio_raw 12990 0 i2c_algo_bit 13184 1 i915 soundcore 12600 1 snd pcmcia_core 21505 3 pcmcia,yenta_socket,pcmcia_rsrc video 19112 1 i915 ath_pci 183044 0 snd_page_alloc 14073 5 snd_atiixp_modem,snd_via82xx_modem,snd_intel8x0m,snd_hda_intel,snd_pcm wlan 224640 5 wlan_tkip,wlan_scan_sta,ath_rate_sample,ath_pci ath_hal 398701 3 ath_rate_sample,ath_pci lp 13349 0 parport 36746 3 parport_pc,ppdev,lp usbhid 41704 0 hid 77084 1 usbhid sky2 49172 0 Output 3 root@chandru-acer:~# lshw -C network PCI (sysfs) *-network description: Ethernet interface product: 88E8038 PCI-E Fast Ethernet Controller vendor: Marvell Technology Group Ltd. physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:02:00.0 logical name: eth0 version: 14 serial: 00:16:36:fb:aa:64 capacity: 100Mbit/s width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm vpd msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd autonegotiation configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=sky2 driverversion=1.28 firmware=N/A latency=0 link=no multicast=yes port=twisted pair resources: irq:43 memory:44000000-44003fff ioport:2000(size=256) *-network description: Wireless interface product: AR2413 802.11bg NIC vendor: Atheros Communications Inc. physical id: 3 bus info: pci@0000:0a:03.0 logical name: wifi0 version: 01 serial: 00:19:7d:d3:0c:fd width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm bus_master cap_list logical ethernet physical wireless configuration: broadcast=yes driver=ath_pci ip=192.168.1.6 latency=96 maxlatency=28 mingnt=10 multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11g resources: irq:18 memory:d0000000-d000ffff Output 4 root@chandru-acer:~# lsmod | grep ath_pci ath_pci 183044 0 wlan 224640 5 wlan_tkip,wlan_scan_sta,ath_rate_sample,ath_pci ath_hal 398701 3 ath_rate_sample,ath_pci

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• How to enable ping in windows firewall in windows server 2008 r2

  - by ybbest

  If you are unable ping your windows server 2008 r2 machine or if you have a “one way ping problem”. You need to check whether you have it enabled in your windows firewall.To enable it , you need to do the following: 1. You need to go to control panel >> windows firewall >> Advanced settings 2. Go to Inbound Rules and enable File and Printer Sharing (Echo Request – ICMPv4-In),after you have done this ,your computer will become pingable.

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• Why is this by passing the SUDO password?

  - by John Isaacks

  I have a bash script I am using to automate a SVN checkout. The contents of the file were: #!/bin/bash cd /var/www-cake sudo svn checkout file:///usr/local/svn/bash_repo/repo/ Then when I double click the file it would ask me what to do, I would click the button "Run In Terminal" and then a terminal would pop up and ask me for the SUDO password. I would enter it, the script would execute and the terminal would close. I wanted to give some sort of indication that the script ran successfully so I edited my file to look like: #!/bin/bash cd /var/www-cake sudo svn checkout file:///usr/local/svn/bash_repo/repo/ echo "Head revision has been pushed to live server" I expected the terminal to now stay open and tell me the message afterwards. To my surprise it now opens and immediately closes. The script does execute and I no longer have to put in the SUDO password. Is this right? I do not understand why this is happening, seems like a security issue.

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• Migrating Virtual Iron guest to Oracle VM 3.x

  - by scoter

  As stated on the official site, Oracle in 2009, acquired a provider of server virtualization management software named Virtual Iron; you can find all the acquisition details at this link. Into the FAQ on the official site you can also view that, for the future, Oracle plans to fully integrate Virtual Iron technology into Oracle VM products, and any enhancements will be delivered as a part of the combined solution; this is what is going on with Oracle VM 3.x. So, customers started asking us to migrate Virtual Iron guests to Oracle VM. IMPORTANT: This procedure needs a dedicated OVM-Server with no-guests running on top; be careful while execute this procedure on production environments. In these little steps you will find how-to migrate, as fast as possible, your guests between VI ( Virtual Iron ) and Oracle VM; keep in mind that OracleVM has a built-in P2V utility ( Official Documentation )  that you can use to migrate guests between VI and Oracle VM. Concepts: VI repositories.  On VI we have the same "repository" concept as in Oracle VM; the difference between these two products is that VI use a raw-lun as repository ( instead of using ocfs2 and its capabilities, like ref-links ). The VI "raw-lun" repository, with a pure operating-system perspective, may be presented as in this picture: Infact on this "raw-lun" VI create an LVM2 volume-group. The VI "raw-lun" repository, with an hypervisor perspective, may be presented as in this picture: So, the relationships are: LVM2-Volume-Group <-> VI Repository LVM2-Logical-Volume <-> VI guest virtual-disk The first step is to present the VI repository ( raw-lun ) to your dedicated OVM-Server. Prepare dedicated OVM-Server On the OVM-Server ( OVS ) you need to discover new lun and, after that, discover volume-group and logical-volumes containted in VI repository; due to default OVS configuration you need to edit lvm2 configuration file: /etc/lvm/lvm.conf     # By default for OVS we restrict every block device:     # filter = [ "r/.*/" ] and comment the line starting with "filter" as above. Now you have to discover the raw-lun presented and, next, activate volume-group and logical-volumes: #!/bin/bash for HOST in `ls /sys/class/scsi_host`;do echo '- - -' > /sys/class/scsi_host/$HOST/scan; done CPATH=`pwd` cd /dev for DEVICE in `ls sd[a-z] sd?[a-z]`;do echo '1' > /sys/block/$DEVICE/device/rescan; done cd $CPATH cd /dev/mapper for PARTITION in `ls *[a-z] *?[a-z]`;do partprobe /dev/mapper/$PARTITION; done cd $CPATH vgchange -a yAfter that you will see a new device:[root@ovs01 ~]# cd /dev/6000F4B00000000000210135bef64994[root@ovs01 6000F4B00000000000210135bef64994]# ls -l 6000F4B0000000000061013* lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 77 Oct 29 10:50 6000F4B00000000000610135c3a0b8cb -> /dev/mapper/6000F4B00000000000210135bef64994-6000F4B00000000000610135c3a0b8cb By your OVM-Manager create a guest server with the same definition as on VI:same core number as VI source guestsame memory as VI source guestsame number of disks as VI source guest ( you can create OVS virtual disk with a small size of 1GB because the "clone" will, eventually, extend the size of your new virtual disks )Summarizing:source-virtual-disk path ( VI ):/dev/mapper/6000F4B00000000000210135bef64994-6000F4B00000000000610135c3a0b8cbdest-virtual-disk path ( OVS ):/OVS/Repositories/0004fb00000300006cfeb81c12f12f00/VirtualDisks/0004fb000012000055e0fc4c5c8a35ee.img ** ** = to identify your virtual disk you have verify its name under the "vm.cfg" file of your new guest.Clone VI virtual-disk to OVS virtual-diskdd if=/dev/mapper/6000F4B00000000000210135bef64994-6000F4B00000000000610135c3a0b8cb of=/OVS/Repositories/0004fb00000300006cfeb81c12f12f00/VirtualDisks/0004fb000012000055e0fc4c5c8a35ee.img Clean unsupported parameters and changes on OVS.1. Restore original /etc/lvm/lvm.conf    # By default for OVS we restrict every block device:     filter = [ "r/.*/" ]    and uncomment the line starting with "filter" as above.2. Force-stop lvm2-monitor service  # service lvm2-monitor force-stop 3. Restore original /etc/lvm directories ( archive, backup and cache )  # cd /etc/lvm  # rm -fr archive backup cache; mkdir archive backup cache4. Reboot OVSRefresh OVS repository and start your guest.By OracleVM Manager refresh your repository:By OracleVM Manager start your "migrated" guest: Comments and corrections are welcome.  Simon COTER 

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• What does /dev/null mean in the shell?

  - by rishiag

  I've started learning bash scripting by using this guide: http://www.tldp.org/LDP/abs/abs-guide.pdf However I got stuck at the first script: cd /var/log cat /dev/null > messages cat /dev/null > wtmp echo "Log files cleaned up." What do lines 2 and 3 do in Ubuntu (I understand cat)? Is it only for other Linux distributions? After running this script as root, the output I get is Log files cleaned up. But /var/log still contains all the files.

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• Offline apt-get update to age of cache

  - by James Haigh

  I have a script to quickly upgrade a Live or fresh system from cached files on a flash drive. In essence, it looks like this: # *Code to remove and symlink /var/cache/apt/ if currently empty of packages.* sudo apt-get dist-upgrade # Quick offline cached upgrade; not limited by slow WANs. echo $'\nMake sure Internet is reachable and press enter for complete online upgrade.'; read sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get dist-upgrade # Complete online upgrade. The problem is that the ‘cached upgrade’ seems to ignore the cached pkgcache.bin and srcpkgcache.bin which is where I assume apt-get update stores its changes, so the upgrade completes as if the system is up-to-date. Useless. So in that case, I need some code to apt-get update to the age of the package cache on my flash drive. This code would be placed between the 1st and 2nd lines of the code above.

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• Where is the start up file located?

  - by starcorn

  Hello, I want to add some lines which should execute every time Ubuntu boots up, so I don't have to change them manually everytime. I've read in some place that you should edit this file /etc/rc.local. However when I add the lines I want to execute at start up it doesn't run those lines. So I wonder where the start up file is located in ubuntu? Those lines I want to add is to change the sensitivity for the trackpoint One of the lines I want to add: echo -n 250 > /sys/devices/platform/i8042/serio1/serio2/sensitivity

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• Combining Shared Secret and Certificates

  - by Michael Stephenson

  As discussed in the introduction article this walkthrough will explain how you can implement WCF security with the Windows Azure Service Bus to ensure that you can protect your endpoint in the cloud with a shared secret but also combine this with certificates so that you can identify the sender of the message.   Prerequisites As in the previous article before going into the walk through I want to explain a few assumptions about the scenario we are implementing but to keep the article shorter I am not going to walk through all of the steps in how to setup some of this. In the solution we have a simple console application which will represent the client application. There is also the services WCF application which contains the WCF service we will expose via the Windows Azure Service Bus. The WCF Service application in this example was hosted in IIS 7 on Windows 2008 R2 with AppFabric Server installed and configured to auto-start the WCF listening services. I am not going to go through significant detail around the IIS setup because it should not matter in relation to this article however if you want to understand more about how to configure WCF and IIS for such a scenario please refer to the following paper which goes into a lot of detail about how to configure this. The link is: http://tinyurl.com/8s5nwrz   Setting up the Certificates To keep the post and sample simple I am going to use the local computer store for all certificates but this bit is really just the same as setting up certificates for an example where you are using WCF without using Windows Azure Service Bus. In the sample I have included two batch files which you can use to create the sample certificates or remove them. Basically you will end up with: A certificate called PocServerCert in the personal store for the local computer which will be used by the WCF Service component A certificate called PocClientCert in the personal store for the local computer which will be used by the client application A root certificate in the Root store called PocRootCA with its associated revocation list which is the root from which the client and server certificates were created   For the sample Im just using development certificates like you would normally, and you can see exactly how these are configured and placed in the stores from the batch files in the solution using makecert and certmgr.   The Service Component To begin with let's look at the service component and how it can be configured to listen to the service bus using a shared secret but to also accept a username token from the client. In the sample the service component is called Acme.Azure.ServiceBus.Poc.Cert.Services. It has a single service which is the Visual Studio template for a WCF service when you add a new WCF Service Application so we have a service called Service1 with its Echo method. Nothing special so far!.... The next step is to look at the web.config file to see how we have configured the WCF service. In the services section of the WCF configuration you can see I have created my service and I have created a local endpoint which I simply used to do a little bit of diagnostics and to check it was working, but more importantly there is the Windows Azure endpoint which is using the ws2007HttpRelayBinding (note that this should also work just the same if your using netTcpRelayBinding). The key points to note on the above picture are the service behavior called MyServiceBehaviour and the service bus endpoints behavior called MyEndpointBehaviour. We will go into these in more detail later.   The Relay Binding The relay binding for the service has been configured to use the TransportWithMessageCredential security mode. This is the important bit where the transport security really relates to the interaction between the service and listening to the Azure Service Bus and the message credential is where we will use our certificate like we have specified in the message/clientCrentialType attribute. Note also that we have left the relayClientAuthenticationType set to RelayAccessToken. This means that authentication will be made against ACS for accessing the service bus and messages will not be accepted from any sender who has not been authenticated by ACS.   The Endpoint Behaviour In the below picture you can see the endpoint behavior which is configured to use the shared secret client credential for accessing the service bus and also for diagnostic purposes I have included the service registry element.     Hopefully if you are familiar with using Windows Azure Service Bus relay feature the above is very familiar to you and this is a very common setup for this section. There is nothing specific to the username token implementation here. The Service Behaviour Now we come to the bit with most of the certificate stuff in it. When you configure the service behavior I have included the serviceCredentials element and then setup to use the clientCertificate check and also specifying the serviceCertificate with information on how to find the servers certificate in the store.     I have also added a serviceAuthorization section where I will implement my own authorization component to perform additional security checks after the service has validated that the message was signed with a good certificate. I also have the same serviceSecurityAudit configuration to log access to my service. My Authorization Manager The below picture shows you implementation of my authorization manager. WCF will eventually hand off the message to my authorization component before it calls the service code. This is where I can perform some logic to check if the identity is allowed to access resources. In this case I am simple rejecting messages from anyone except the PocClientCertificate.     The Client Now let's take a look at the client side of this solution and how we can configure the client to authenticate against ACS but also send a certificate over to the service component so it can implement additional security checks on-premise. I have a console application and in the program class I want to use the proxy generated with Add Service Reference to send a message via the Azure Service Bus. You can see in my WCF client configuration below I have setup my details for the azure service bus url and am using the ws2007HttpRelayBinding.   Next is my configuration for the relay binding. You can see below I have configured security to use TransportWithMessageCredential so we will flow the token from a certificate with the message and also the RelayAccessToken relayClientAuthenticationType which means the component will validate against ACS before being allowed to access the relay endpoint to send a message.     After the binding we need to configure the endpoint behavior like in the below picture. This contains the normal transportClientEndpointBehaviour to setup the ACS shared secret configuration but we have also configured the clientCertificate to look for the PocClientCert.     Finally below we have the code of the client in the console application which will call the service bus. You can see that we have created our proxy and then made a normal call to a WCF in exactly the normal way but the configuration will jump in and ensure that a token is passed representing the client certificate.     Conclusion As you can see from the above walkthrough it is not too difficult to configure a service to use both a shared secret and certificate based token at the same time. This gives you the power and protection offered by the access control service in the cloud but also the ability to flow additional tokens to the on-premise component for additional security features to be implemented. Sample The sample used in this post is available at the following location: https://s3.amazonaws.com/CSCBlogSamples/Acme.Azure.ServiceBus.Poc.Cert.zip

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• How to reboot into Windows from Ubuntu?

  - by andrewsomething

  I'm looking for a way to reboot into Windows from Ubuntu on a 10.10/Vista dual boot system. The specific use case is that I would like to be able to ssh into my running Ubuntu instance and issue a command that will initiate a reboot directly into Windows. I found a promising blog post, but the script that it suggests isn't working: #!/bin/bash WINDOWS_ENTRY=`grep menuentry /boot/grub/grub.cfg | grep --line-number Windows` MENU_NUMBER=$(( `echo $WINDOWS_ENTRY | sed -e "s/:.*//"` - 1 )) sudo grub-reboot $MENU_NUMBER sudo reboot man grub-reboot isn't much help, but it seems to be leading me in the right direction: set the default boot entry for GRUB, for the next boot only WINDOWS_ENTRY=`grep menuentry /boot/grub/grub.cfg | grep --line-number Windows` MENU_NUMBER=$(( `echo $WINDOWS_ENTRY | sed -e "s/:.*//"` - 1 )) echo $MENU_NUMBER This returns the expected value, but on reboot the first menu entry is still highlighted. Any ideas why this isn't working or suggestions for other solutions?

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• How to tell gnome which file to use to change backlight brightness?

  - by cebe

  I have a Dell Inspiron M5010 and I am unable to change my backlight brightness with the F-Keys and it also does not work with gnome brightness widget. I am able to change backlight brightness manually on the terminal with $ sudo -s $ cd /sys/devices/virtual/backlight/dell_backlight $ ls -la insgesamt 0 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 0 2012-04-06 13:03 . drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 0 2012-04-06 13:03 .. -r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 2012-04-06 13:17 actual_brightness -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4096 2012-04-06 13:17 bl_power -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4096 2012-04-06 13:03 brightness -r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 2012-04-06 13:03 max_brightness drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 2012-04-06 13:17 power lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 2012-04-06 13:03 subsystem -> ../../../../class/backlight -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4096 2012-04-06 13:03 uevent $ echo 8 > brightness Can I configure gnome power manager to use the right files somehow?

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• Setup suspend-on-lid-close/Fn+F4 outside of KDE/Gnome?

  - by maxschlepzig

  On current Ubuntu (10.04) suspend-on-lid/Fn+F4 only works if some powermanagement-applet of KDE/gnome is running. But what about suspend-to-lid if you are working on the console or using a non-bloated window-manager? What is the current mechanism to configure suspend-on-lid system wide? What of hald/udev/acpid/foo-kit/random-thing is the right place to hook this feature in? What is the up-to-date command to suspend from the command line/script? echo -n mem > /sys/power/state pm-suspend pmi or something else? Btw, if it matters, I want to configure it on some Thinkpads.

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• Delete U3 System from SanDisk Cruzer USB Drive [closed]

  - by Petriborg

  Possible Duplicate: How do I get rid of “U3 System” on my USB drive? SanDisk Cruzer come with a "U3" malware built into them. Its intended for windows, but on Ubuntu it shows up as a "U3 System" CD on the desktop and as /dev/scd1 -> sr1 My question - How do I permanently delete this from the device without windows? I'm aware of the windows program, but I don't have access to any, and in any event, I wouldn't want to insert the stick into a windows box because it automatically installs its malware to any windows box comes into contact with! A friend of mine realized you could delete the cdrom via sudo echo "1" > /sys/class/block/srXXX/device/delete But it will come back if you reboot.

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• Is it bad practice to use <?= tag in PHP

  - by marco-fiset

  I've come across this PHP tag <?= ?> recently and I am reluctant to use it, but it itches so hard that I wanted to have your take on it. I know it is bad practice to use short tags <? ?> and that we should use full tags <?php ?> instead, but what about this one : <?= ?>? It would save some typing and it would be better for code readability, IMO. So instead of this: <input name="someVar" value="<?php echo $someVar; ?>"> I could write it like this, which is cleaner : <input name="someVar" value="<?= $someVar ?>"> Is using this operator frowned upon?

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