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• Restore Windows 7 bootloader after Windows 8 install

  - by JMK

  I have installed Windows 8 onto a partition after Windows 7, and when I turn my PC on, Windows 8 basically loads completely, and then I get the option to choose my OS. If I select Windows 8, I go straight to the lock screen, if I select Windows 7, my computer completely restarts and then boots into 7. I want to use the Windows 7 installation DVD to restore the Windows 7 bootloader using the method described by the How To Geek but I am worried that if I do this, Windows 8 won't boot. Can anybody advise on whether or not this will work, and if not how can I go back to selecting the OS right after the BIOS loads?

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• OpenAFS on Fedora/CentOS

  - by Michael Pliskin

  I am trying to see if OpenAFS fits my needs as a distributed filesystem and is a bit stuck. There are docs but they're all quite hard to understand, so asking for some expert advice here. My questions: which version to install? I need windows client support so I need 1.5 - right? But it is not stable.. Or is it? And don't see any pre-built rpms for it, so compiling from sources? tried to compile and it worked but it created a non-"mp" kernel module while my kernel needs an mp one - how to workaround that? do I really need a new fresh partition to start with or I can re-use an existing one and just make it available via afp? any nice HOWTOs around?

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• Can I cancel a resize operation in GParted without causing data loss?

  - by Anderson Green

  I'm currently waiting for GParted to finish resizing a partition, but the progress bar is currently at 0, and it's been taking much longer than usual (perhaps an hour). Is it safe to cancel the resize operation? I don't want to wait days for the resize operation to complete, but I don't want to lose all of my files either. (Is there any way that I can simply pause the resize operation, attempt to recover files, and then resume the resize operation?) (An update: the operation has finally completed, and my files are still intact!)

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• No GUI after upgrade to Ubuntu 9.10 (boots to command line)

  - by Gathris

  I have just upgraded to Ubuntu 9.10 (network upgrade using the update manager, from 9.04 which had different graphics related problems) and when I try to boot into it all I get a small Ubuntu logo, flickering text and then the tty1 command line with a logon prompt. startx gives following error: Fatal server error: no screens found I traced down a tutorial that said I needed the latest graphics drivers (Gigabyte ATI Radeon 4650 HD installed with 9.10 catalyst drivers) so I did using the 'sh' command and a USB stick (I have a working Windows partition) and it installed fine but did not fix the problem. Edit: Thanks to UK and Arjan van Bentem below I was able to understand the full error message of start x: Parse error on lone 2 of /etc/X11/xorg.conf 'nameserver' is not a valid keyword in this section Fatal server error: no screens found This has nothing to do with a graphical error (sorry if I misled anyone) but the xorg.conf file has 3 lines in it and lines 2-3 have an entry 'nameserver'. Using the nano command I commented out (using a # before the entries) the nameservers and can now boot Ubuntu. Thanks to everyone for their help.

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• Very slow write performance on Debian 6.0 (AMD64) with DMCRYPT/LVM/RAID1

  - by jdelic

  I'm seeing very strange performance characteristics on one of my servers. This server is running a simple two-disk software-RAID1 setup with LVM spanning /dev/md0. One of the logical volumes /dev/vg0/secure is encrypted using dmcrypt with LUKS and mounted with the sync and noatimes flag. Writing to that volume is incredibly slow at 1.8 MB/s and the CPU usage stays near 0%. There are 8 crpyto/1-8 processes running (it's a Intel Quadcore CPU). I hope that someone on serverfault has seen this before :-(. uname -a 2.6.32-5-xen-amd64 #1 SMP Tue Mar 8 00:01:30 UTC 2011 x86_64 GNU/Linux Interestingly, when I read from the device I get good performance numbers: reading without encryption: $ dd if=/dev/vg0/secure of=/dev/null bs=64k count=100000 100000+0 records in 100000+0 records out 6553600000 bytes (6.6 GB) copied, 68.8951 s, 95.1 MB/s reading with encryption: $ dd if=/dev/mapper/secure of=/dev/null bs=64k count=100000 100000+0 records in 100000+0 records out 6553600000 bytes (6.6 GB) copied, 69.7116 s, 94.0 MB/s However, when I try to write to the device: $ dd if=/dev/zero of=./test bs=64k 8809+0 records in 8809+0 records out 577306624 bytes (577 MB) copied, 321.861 s, 1.8 MB/s Also, when I read I see CPU usage, when I write, the CPU stays at almost 0% usage. Here is output of cryptsetup luksDump: LUKS header information for /dev/vg0/secure Version: 1 Cipher name: aes Cipher mode: cbc-essiv:sha256 Hash spec: sha1 Payload offset: 2056 MK bits: 256 MK digest: dd 62 b9 a5 bf 6c ec 23 36 22 92 4c 39 f8 d6 5d c1 3a b7 37 MK salt: cc 2e b3 d9 fb e3 86 a1 bb ab eb 9d 65 df b3 dd d9 6b f4 49 de 8f 85 7d 3b 1c 90 83 5d b2 87 e2 MK iterations: 44500 UUID: a7c9af61-d9f0-4d3f-b422-dddf16250c33 Key Slot 0: ENABLED Iterations: 178282 Salt: 60 24 cb be 5c 51 9f b4 85 64 3d f8 07 22 54 d4 1a 5f 4c bc 4b 82 76 48 d8 a2 d2 6a ee 13 d7 5d Key material offset: 8 AF stripes: 4000 Key Slot 1: DISABLED Key Slot 2: DISABLED Key Slot 3: DISABLED Key Slot 4: DISABLED Key Slot 5: DISABLED Key Slot 6: DISABLED Key Slot 7: DISABLED

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• Installing Ubuntu to a USB drive

  - by Carl Smotricz

  I'm having a rough time getting Ubuntu to run from a 250 GB USB hard drive. I booted Ubuntu 9.10 from a CD and ran the regular "install" to the attached USB drive. I used the "advanced" option on the drive partition question to put the boot loader on /dev/sdb (the USB disk) but when I boot the machine it doesn't recognize there's a boot loader on the USB drive (it offers to boot from 2 other devices but not the USB disk). I also tried booting from the Ubuntu CD and using usb-creator-gtk to set up the USB drive. Seems to me this is meant to work with flash drives. I got a bootable USB disk but it looked and worked like the CD, i.e. it gave me options of "live CD" operation, installing, memtest, etc. That's not the way I want to run the system. Some help in installing Ubuntu, bootable into a "full" running system on my USB drive would be appreciated.

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• Raid HDD Boot up

  - by user234695

  My server is Power Edge 1950 running server 2008 32Bit, using 3 Physical SAS HDD as a Virtual 2 Disk configured for RAID5, with partition of C drive as OS and D drive as Data. Planning to format and install Server 2008 R2 64Bit so I insert a New Physical disk and configured as RAID5 and clone the C drive and D drive to the new hard disk. Now I need to test that the new hard disk is able to boot windows and work as expected. How do I test, I am not able to boot the windows by choosing the new harddisk, the bios show only the existing HDD, not the new one. Also, if I remove the old three hard disk, and leave the new harddisk and then am I able to boot the device, if I do this does my existing RAID5 configuration and data on the hard disk still remain.

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• set up pernament ramdisk in ubuntu to not using ram when is the ramdisk empty

  - by robo

  Hi I've got 8GB RAM on my laptop running Ubuntu 12.04. I added following record to /etc/fstab tmpfs /media/ramdisk tmpfs defaults,noatime,mode=1777 0 0 What exactly it means? I have tested that I can save 4GB to ram disk at most. Why exactly 4GB? Where did the computer get this number from? And what happens when I don't use that ram disk for a while and when the directory /media/ramdisk is empty? Does it mean that my system can use whole 8GB ram? And what happens when the system runs out of ram? Will the most rarely used things be moved to swap? And should I turn of swap if I think my system will never need it? Will turning off the swap make my computer faster? And can I even remove the swap partition? And will the hibernation work correctly then?

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• I have recovery issues in my Gateway nv series laptop

  - by kshitij

  Helo i wanted to restore os from my recovery drive. but because of some issues i could not do that. so i had my recovery dvds which i made when i bought laptop. these are three dvds. so i inserted one dvd and installation started. and it asked for second dvd and i inserted but it is not taking it. once i did installtion with this three dvds but now it is not taking second dvd. So because of this type of failure i install trial version of windows 7 and take my backup. after it i install Gateway recovery Management. and it is not working. when i am repair my computer it is not showing that Image of recovery partition. Please I need Help.

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• VPN with client-to-client direct connectivity?

  - by Johannes Ernst

  When setting up a VPN, clients (say client1 and client2) usually authenticate to a server, and together the three constitute the VPN. When client1 wishes to send a packet to client2, this packet usually gets routed by way of server. Are there products / configuration blueprints for products where it is possible to send packets directly from client1 to client2 without going though server? (if the underlying network topology permits it, e.g. no firewalls in the way) If not, is there a way by which client1 can send a packet to client2 by way of server, without the server being able to snoop on the content of the packet? (E.g. because the packet is encrypted with the public key of client2) I just asked in the OpenVPN forum, and the answer I got was "not with OpenVPN". So my question is: are there other products with which this is possible? Open-source preferred ... One use case: client1 and client2, typically in separate offices, find themselves both at headquarters. Do they still need to talk to each other via the public internet? Links appreciated. Thank you.

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• Is there any way to do 'software raid' without losing data?I

  - by user1706582

  I say software raid because that is a pretty tentative guess at what I actually want. I have two drives, both with stuff already on them which I want to combine. If they weren't full of stuff (data, not windows installation) I would use software raid to combine them into one big drive or make them into one partition. I could probably do this with some complicated reference system but really I just want to be able to keep saving things to X: without running out of space until both drives are full. Thanks in advance.

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• samba sync password with unix password on debian wheezy

  - by Oz123

  I installed samba on my server and I am trying to write a script to spare me the two steps to add user, e.g.: adduser username smbpasswd -a username My smb.conf states: # This boolean parameter controls whether Samba attempts to sync the Unix # password with the SMB password when the encrypted SMB password in the # passdb is changed. unix password sync = yes Further reading brought me to pdbedit man page which states: -a This option is used to add a user into the database. This com- mand needs a user name specified with the -u switch. When adding a new user, pdbedit will also ask for the password to be used. Example: pdbedit -a -u sorce new password: retype new password Note pdbedit does not call the unix password syncronisation script if unix password sync has been set. It only updates the data in the Samba user database. If you wish to add a user and synchronise the password that im- mediately, use smbpasswd’s -a option. So... now I decided to try adding a user with smbpasswd: 1st try, unix user still does not exist: root@raspberrypi:/home/pi# smbpasswd -a newuser New SMB password: Retype new SMB password: Failed to add entry for user newuser. 2nd try, unix user exists: root@raspberrypi:/home/pi# useradd mag root@raspberrypi:/home/pi# smbpasswd -a mag New SMB password: Retype new SMB password: Added user mag. # switch to user pi, and try to switch to mag root@raspberrypi:/home/pi# su pi pi@raspberrypi ~ $ su mag Password: su: Authentication failure So, now I am asking myself: how do I make samba passwords sync with unix passwords? where are samba passwords stored? Can someone help enlighten me?

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• Format an external hard disk

  - by Alex

  I am trying to format an external hard disk to FAT32 (I need it to work with some hardware that expects it to be in FAT32). When I am trying to format it via windows the only option I'm getting is to format it to NTFS. Another strange thing is that when I am trying to format one of my own partitions (on the hard disk that is running the OS) I can do it only in NTFS while another partition my OS can format in both NTFS and FAT32. What can cause such a behavior and how can I format the external hard disk to FAT32?

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• vista winsxs folder eats disk space

  - by Simpzon

  My machine has been running Vista Ultimate 64-Bit for about two years now. ServicePacks SP1 and SP2 are installed, too. The system partition has a size of 55 GB, which should be quite comfortable under normal circumstances, but about 40GB (no typo) are used by the Windows-Folder, especially the subfolder winsxs, which takes about 35 GB. I have already uninstalled as many programs as possible and did run compcln.exe, to reduce it, but this only gained 2-3 GB. What can I do to clean up without risking system stability? I'm a software developer and this is my daily work environment, which means - I can't risk to get strange side-effects from blindly deleting stuff. - You can maybe deduce some typical usage patterns from this information. Any suggestions?

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• Can you share offline files cache with two user accounts?

  - by Joel Coehoorn

  I have a new laptop that I use for both home and work. It runs windows 7 ultimate, and is joined to the domain at work. It is okay to use this laptop for both work and personal activities, and I even have an account set up on the local machine in addition to the work domain account specifically for this to help keep the two separate. At home, I have a file server that I use to share files and printers with my wife's laptop, this new laptop, and my old desktop which will now become the family machine. My mp3 library is on there, among other things. What I want to do is use the windows Offline Files feature to keep a synced copy of my music library on the laptop. That part is easy. What's tricky is that I want to share this offline cache between both the local account on the laptop and my work domain account. I could do them both separately, but then I have two copies of a very large music library stored locally. This also means twice the sync burden, when the domain account is rarely connected to the file share. I really want to be able to sync from the local machine account only, and have the domain account be able to use the synced files. I know where the offline file cache is kept (\Windows\CSC) and I can find the cached files (not encrypted), but permissions on the cache are setup weird, and so using that cache directly is not trivial. Any ideas appreciated.

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• Unknown filesystem Grub rescue error

  - by Dewish Salik

  I have a lenovo z570, and i installed ubuntu 12.04 alongside with my windows 7. Recently all my games ive been playing, stop responding due to a AppCrash. I searched it on google and they said it had something to do with ubuntu. So i deleted the partition. After restarting my laptop i get the: unknown filesystem grub rescue error. I tried using a windows cd to boot, but it cant. Please HELP!! If you got something please comment or send to [email protected] Thanx in advance

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• How can I tell if ZFS (zfs-fuse) dedup/compression is applied to a particular file?

  - by asari

  I have a zfs formatted partition using zfs-fuse for linux (Ubuntu). I had used it for a while, and then enabled dedup and compression on it (zfs set compression=on/dedup=on). Now I think I have some files that are dedup'ed and compressed, and file that are not yet. It was OK, but sometimes I was confused. Let's see, following command would consume almost 4GB of my zfs storage: cp oldfile.4GB newfile.4GB .. and this would consume almost zero: cp newfile.4GB newfile.4GB.2 This is because the old file is not yet compressed, so dedup not happened, I think. My idea is -- if I can find old files that are not yet dedup/compressed, I can perform batch copy/rename/remove them to eliminate duplicity and redundancy. But how I can check that? I know I can re-copy whole contents of my storage should work (even better with checking the time stamp of each file), but I'd be happier if I have zfsstat-like tool that shows some file properties.

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• Can I use a display driver from Windows 8 in Windows 7?

  - by adam0101

  My latest display driver doesn't support WDDM 1.0, and I need it to be at least version 1.1. I've been attempting to get the Windows Phone 7 SDK working on my HP Pavillion dv9000, but the phone emulator requires 1.1 or higher. My drivers are as up-to-date as they can get. I even tried a modded driver found here, but no go. Then, while evaluating Windows 8 Developer Preview on a different partition I noticed that dxdiag.exe showed it was using WDDM 1.2. I tried installing Windows Phone 7 SDK on Windows 8, but I get an "Internal Error" popup and "Connection failed because of invalid command-line arguments" in the error window in Visual Studio. I'm guessing because Windows Phone 7 SDK isn't supported on Windows 8 yet. So my question is this: Can I get Windows 7 to use the display driver Windows 8 is using to get WDDM 1.2 on Windows 7 and how would I go about doing it?

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• Can't connect to public WiFi with MacBookPro at coffee shops and libraries

  - by Nathan Bowers

  The Problem: I can't connect to public, unencrypted WiFi at my local public library or Peets Coffee. My Setup: Late 2006 MacBookPro running 10.5.8. I have Parallels installed. It's supposed to work like this: 1) Connect to their unencrypted WiFi network 2) Open a browser which redirects you to their "enter password/agree to terms" page. 3) Browse normally. I can connect to the WiFi network, but when I try to authenticate I always get stuck in a redirect loop. It's been like this for a while. Even before I upgraded to 10.5.8. I never have trouble with encrypted networks or regular open WiFi. What I've tried: Disabling Parallels connections in Network Prefs. Superstition: somehow Parallels installed something in the network stack that's messing me up. Pinging the IP address of the WiFi node I'm connected to. I can ping it, it's there, but I still get stuck in this authentication redirect loop. Tried different browsers, tried different cookie and security settings. Even tried IE under Parallels. No dice. Tried flushing DNS cache. Asked library and coffee employees for help. It didn't go well. My Question: Anybody else have this problem? What should I be looking for?

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• How do I minor upgrade MySQL on Windows?

  - by TruMan1

  I currently have MySQL 5.1.35 installed on a Windows 2008 server via the MSI installer. I need to upgrade to the latest 5.1.44 to fix a bug, but docs were not clear on how to do this. I ran the MSI installer, but it did not give me any upgrade option so I quit it. I am weary because it's a production machine with many PHP websites running on it. Also, my data directory is not the default one, it's kept on another partition. How can I upgrade it? Thanks for any help.

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• Adding port forwardings programmatically on a ControlMaster SSH session

  - by aef

  I just found out about the ControlMaster/ControlPath feature of OpenSSH, which allows you to use a single SSH connection to run multiple terminals. As I often use SSH to use port forwarding to get encrypted and authenticated VNC sessions I instantly recognized that you can't add port forwardings to a remote server to which you already have an established connection. This sucks. Sometimes later I found out that you can circumvent this limitation by typing ~C in a running SSH terminal session. This opens up a command-line which allows you to add or remove port forwardings. My quesion now is: How can I add port forwardings on an existing SSH session which is using the ControlMaster/ControlPath feature, without the need to have access to a terminal session inside that SSH session. I need this to enable my script which starts a secure tunneled VNC connection for me to add and later remove its port forwardings. (I know I could use a terminal multiplexer such as GNU Screen or tmux, actually I'm doing this already. But I like the idea of using just one SSH session for serveral reasons.)

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• Cloning Win 7 installation from MBR to GPR drive and make it bootable

  - by Nelluk

  I've seen threads on similar topics - such as this one - but the answers never seem to solve how to make it bootable. I have Win 7 64-bit on a PC installed on a 2tb MBR volume. The motherboard is UEFI compatible. I just installed a secondary internal 3TB drive which will be partitioned as GPT. Is there a relatively easy way to clone my installation over to the new drive and have that drive be bootable? I have used EaseUS Partition Master to clone the C volume to the D volume, but that would not boot and I assume the issue is that one is MBR and one is GPT. Is there a process to do this?

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• MySQL privileges - DROP tables, not databases

  - by Michal M

  Hi, Can someone help me with privileges here. I need to create a user that can DROP tables within databases but cannot DROP the databases? From what I understand from MySQL docs you cannot simply do this: The DROP privilege enables you to drop (remove) existing databases, tables, and views. Beginning with MySQL 5.1.10, the DROP privilege is also required in order to use the statement ALTER TABLE ... DROP PARTITION on a partitioned table. Beginning with MySQL 5.1.16, the DROP privilege is required for TRUNCATE TABLE (before that, TRUNCATE TABLE requires the DELETE privilege). Any ideas?

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• Help make sense of a KillDisk error/log

  - by user284194

  I have a hard drive that I've been trying to reformat. I tried reformatting it in the windows XP and 7 installers, and in an Ubuntu live cd with gparted. I tried using dd to 'zero' the drive as well with no success. Finally I ran across KillDisk after a search. I tried to zero the disk again with KillDisk and after 8 hours of zeroing I get the following errors in the log: ----------------------------------------Erase Session Begin--------------------------------------- 2010-03-23 19:35:54 Active@ KILLDISK for Windows Build 5.1.39 started Target: WDC WD2500KS-00MJB0 232.9 GB Located on: WDC WD2500KS-00MJB0 (Serial number: WD-WCANK9604799) Erase method: One Pass Zeros (1 pass) Passes: 1 Bad (unwritable) sectors detected from 1701 to 488397167 on Hard Disk 1. Error (the handle is invalid) refreshing device Hard Disk 1. Error (the handle is invalid) reading sector 0 on 81h. 2010-03-24 02:28:25 Total number of erased device(s): 0, partition(s): 0 -----------------------------------------Erase Session End---------------------------------------- Is the drive dead?

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• Windows Vista claims wireless key is the wrong length

  - by humble coffee

  A family member of mine is house sitting and has been given the details of their wifi. The access point is an Airport Express, it has WEP encryption (I think) and they've been given a passphrase to use. I know it's a passphrase and not the encrypted key as it's an English word. The passphrase is 10 characters long. The problem is that Vista complains that it's not a valid key as it must be a 5 or 13 character non-hex key or a 10 or 26 character hex key. (From what I've read this suggests the encryption is WEP?) I've found a couple of suggested solutions, but I'm not actually at the house at the moment so I wanted to make sure I have a good chance of getting it to work when I'm there but have no internets to ask. Solution 1: Vista needs to be told explicitly what kind of encryption and key is being used. Specify in the connection settings that you are using WEP and that it is a "shared key". Solution2: Try converting the passphrase to hexadecimal using an ASCII-hex converter and entering that.

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