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  • How do I get a different type of scrollbars in 12.04? [closed]

    - by Joseph Garvin
    Possible Duplicate: How do I disable overlay scrollbars? By default 12.04 uses overlay scroll bars that do not suit my taste, and every method I've found so far of disabling them makes them broken in a different way. When I was using 11.10 this wasn't a problem because I could still change the GTK theme. In 12.04, the Appearance settings only contain a few stock themes, and other than the special purpose contrast ones they all have the overlay scroll bars. If I aptitude search gtk3 | grep theme I get no results so there appears to be no packaged alternative either. Most suggestions I've seen for disabling the overlay scroll bars involve uninstalling packages or editing files as root. I want to disable them just for the current user, not for everyone on the whole box; as should be the case for any theme/display setting. There is a gsettings command that temporarily disables the overlay scrollbars just for the current user, but this has two problems of its own: The setting doesn't stick after log off. Because who would want to save settings? The scroll bars put in place have no contrast. They have a black scroller on a black background and are completely unusable. In short what I'd like to know is how to disable overlay scroll bars such that: My preference is user specific. My preference is actually saved. The scroller can actually be seen against the background without having to use a special high contrast theme that makes my whole desktop look like a negative photo from Tron.

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  • Having extreme issues getting Compiz working on Ubuntu 11.10 (32-bit)

    - by Josh Hornell
    I have been working very hard the past few days to try to get Compiz configured and working correctly but I have been running into a lot of issues. I first installed the CompizConfig Settings Manager and tried different features such as the desktop cube and couldn't get any of them to work. Then I read that I may not have the right graphics card drivers installed (Nvidia GT540m). So I went into the Additional Drivers tool and it shows that 'no proprietary drivers are in use on this system', which struck me as a bit odd as when I very first installed Ubuntu it showed that my Nvidia drivers were installed an active until I downloaded and installed the updates to Ubuntu and since then it's shown empty. I then tried to install my graphics card drivers manually via this article How do I install the latest Nvidia drivers via the Additional Drivers tool?. I rebooted and had no issue although I tried to go back into the CompizConfig Settings Manager and couldn't get anything to work as well as my Additional Drivers tool still showed no drivers installed. I feel like I've tried about everything I can think of and any help would be much appreciated!

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  • How to ask developers to think about high resolution screens

    - by WhiteWind
    I just got a ASUS N56VZ laptop, and it`s all good, but the screen resolution 1920x1080px. I am not asking, how to scale ui elements. If someone is interested I have found some tricks: increase font size in system settings increase unity dock size in MyUnity or system settings in modern Ubuntu versions. tweak userChrome.js of FireFox to make buttons|panels|icons larger add DefaultZoomLevel extension to FireFox to make it zoom pages initially. But all of it is miserable, because there are some big bugs: window decoration elements are way too small to pick them with mouse. I can't scale window easily and I can't position my cursor fast on the close|maximize buttons. Tuning lines like in sound volume dialog are hardly clickable at all. Unity top panel (status panel & tray) hardly can contain the bigger font, so it looks ugly, but icons are still the same. Sometimes I can`t read text, as it is cropped (and I cant scale some dialogs as it has fixed size) Chromium is not usable at all (ok, it's not Ubuntu problem, but the problem still exists) JAVA applications are not scalable (same as above) In FF I am able to get descent results in most cases, but multiplication of system font increase and browser font increase makes system controls (combobox, lists, drop down lists) extremely big, so I cant even control the zoom level on the page. IMHO, we should post a bug report (but what kind of bug?) and vote for it! The problem is even deeper, but at least we should ask developers to think about it. So my question is: how can I post a report (the right words and right place) and how can we (who already has that problem, or who want it to be solved before hardware upgrade) vote for faster solution. Any ideas?

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  • M-Audio Delta 1010LT on 12.04

    - by user74039
    I have 12.04 64bit installed, my soundcard is a Delta 1010LT, it seems to be partially detected, I've been following steps here: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SoundTroubleshooting/ lspci -v | grep -A7 -i "audio" shows this: 04:07.0 Multimedia audio controller: VIA Technologies Inc. ICE1712 [Envy24] PCI Multi-Channel I/O Controller (rev 02) Subsystem: VIA Technologies Inc. M-Audio Delta 1010LT Flags: bus master, medium devsel, latency 64, IRQ 22 I/O ports at ec00 [size=32] I/O ports at e880 [size=16] I/O ports at e800 [size=16] I/O ports at e480 [size=64] Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: snd_ice1712 aplay shows this: **** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices **** card 0: M1010LT [M Audio Delta 1010LT], device 0: ICE1712 multi [ICE1712 multi] Subdevices: 1/1 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0 In the sound settings on the desktop all I see is the ICE1712 S/PDIF, which I don't use, I want to use the individual outputs on the card, I'm not so bothered about inputs, I just want the playback for now. If I open alsamixer in the console, I see all of the output and input channels, i've raised the volume on them but I don't get anything in the sound settings on the desktop and when I play any sound, I hear nothing. Can someone help?

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  • Client-server application design issue

    - by user2547823
    I have a collection of clients on server's side. And there are some objects that need to work with that collection - adding and removing clients, sending message to them, updating connection settings and so on. They should perform these actions simultaneously, so mutex or another synchronization primitive is required. I want to share one instance of collection between these objects, but all of them require access to private fields of collection. I hope that code sample makes it more clear[C++]: class Collection { std::vector< Client* > clients; Mutex mLock; ... } class ClientNotifier { void sendMessage() { mLock.lock(); // loop over clients and send message to each of them } } class ConnectionSettingsUpdater { void changeSettings( const std::string& name ) { mLock.lock(); // if client with this name is inside collection, change its settings } } As you can see, all these classes require direct access to Collection's private fields. Can you give me an advice about how to implement such behaviour correctly, i.e. keeping Collection's interface simple without it knowing about its users?

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  • How to force ADF to speak your language (or any common language)

    - by Blueberry Coder
    When I started working for Oracle, one of the first tasks I was given was to contribute some content to a great ADF course Frank and Chris are building. Among other things, they asked me to work on a module about Internationalization. While doing research work, I unearthed a little gem I had overlooked all those years. JDeveloper, as you may know, speaks your language - as long as your language is English, that is. Oracle ADF, on the other hand, is a citizen of the world. It is available in more than 25 different languages. But while this is a wonderful feature for end users, it is rather cumbersome for developers. Why is that? Have you ever tried to search the OTN forums for a solution with a non-English error message as your query? I have, once. But how can you force ADF to use English for its logging operations? Playing with your system settings will not help, unfortunately. By default, ADF will output its error messages in the selected locale for the operating system account the application server runs on. The only way to change this behavior is to pass initialization parameters to the JVM used by the application server. It is even possible to specify the language and country/region separately. In the example below, we choose English and the United States respectively. -Duser.language=en -Duser.country=US In the case of WebLogic Server, it is possible to add such parameters in setDomainEnv.sh (or .cmd) to apply the settings to all the managed servers present on a node. In the coming weeks, I will write a few posts about other internationalization issues. Is there anything you would like me to cover? Let me know in the comments.

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  • Disable touchpad tap to click on Oneiric ocelot

    - by AWE
    You've heard this a million times but the "tap to click" is a pain in the behind and I want to disable it. There is no touchpad in gpointing-device-settings and neither in mouse and touchpad in system settings. I've tried some commands in terminal but it's all crap. Dconf-editor doesn't react. How about solving this once and for all? xinput list: ? Virtual core pointer id=2 [master pointer (3)] ? ? Virtual core XTEST pointer id=4 [slave pointer (2)] ? ? PS/2 Generic Mouse id=13 [slave pointer (2)] ? Virtual core keyboard id=3 [master keyboard (2)] ? Virtual core XTEST keyboard id=5 [slave keyboard (3)] ? Power Button id=6 [slave keyboard (3)] ? Video Bus id=7 [slave keyboard (3)] ? Video Bus id=8 [slave keyboard (3)] ? Power Button id=9 [slave keyboard (3)] ? Sleep Button id=10 [slave keyboard (3)] ? Laptop_Integrated_Webcam_HD id=11 [slave keyboard (3)] ? AT Translated Set 2 keyboard id=12 [slave keyboard (3)] ? Dell WMI hotkeys id=14 [slave keyboard (3)]

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  • Crackling sound from microphone recently, in 13.04

    - by Patrig Droumaguet
    I use 13.04 since the release and I use Skype which was working well. But recently I've had remarks saying my voice was "crackling", even if the voice from my interlocutor was perfect. Making a test with Audacity and Cheese, I've seen that every recorded sound (with the front microphone of my laptop or a jack microphone) was crackling. It's not really like saturating, the sound has a lot of annoying pops. I've tried to check the settings, they were still on PulseAudio. I've even tried the extreme solution : re-installing Ubuntu (because initially it was working)… with the same problem. If I boot on Windows (dual-boot) I have no problem (so it's not physical). If anyone could help :) My laptop is a HP dv6-6165sf. The sound card is a "IDT 92HD81B1X5" (with BeatsAudio). Thanks a lot ! New tests - july 6th Hi again, I've tried editing /etc/pulse/default.pa with these three settings : load-module module-udev-detect use_ucm=0 tsched=0 load-module module-udev-detect tsched=0 load-module module-udev-detect use_ucm=0 The three of them don't change anything, except the last one (which was by default) which makes Audacity record without any crackling sound. But in Skype, Cheese and Kazam, the sound is crackling… I've installed again Ubuntu 13.04 (from scratch, deleting everything from /home), and I've updated it. The microphone is still cracking. Thanks for your help !

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  • X crashes and GNOME loses all its configuration

    - by Oli
    About every 3 days on my desktop (always on), X crashes, gdm restarts and it dumps me at a login screen. When I log in Gnome appears to have lost a lot of its settings: it plays sounds in weird places, UI elements look like they're from the 90s (GTK+ defaults) and it's generally pretty hideous. Note everything works fine. It's not like my profile doesn't exist because I can browse the internet fine (Firefox knows my bookmarks, history, passwords, etc) and my desktop is unscathed (apart from the icon theme). Manually restarting gdm doesn't fix this. I have to do a full reboot. Now I'm almost certain that this is a nvidia issue causing X to baulk (I've seen similarish threads on nvnews) and I'm happy with that (my fault for running their latest drivers all the time). What I'm concerned about is why Gnome looks so fugly. Is there anything I can do to force it to reload its settings without restarting the whole computer. Restarting is an issue for me as I run several daemons that other computers on the network depend upon. This is what I mean by ugly/fugly... Look at that scroll bar!

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  • Not recognized as operating system on startup

    - by mastabruce
    I am new to Ubuntu and just decided to install it in (on my new lenovo thinkpad) in addition to my windows 7 operating system. Now, whenever I reboot the computer, it only runs window 7. I went (in windows) to Control Pannel ? System ? Advanced Settings ? Startup and Ubuntu is not even listed as a choice for operating system. I tried installing ubuntu again, but now it wants to partition the already partitioned windows folder. I can't figure out how to get Ubuntu, which seems to be installed, to run. I saw on another question here that I could be able to edit my mrb settings using EasyBCD but I can not figure out how to choose ubuntu as an operating system. My disk is already partitioned (seen from the attempted second install) so I'm pretty sure it is on the disk. Basically, how can I get ubuntu to run when I can't choose it as an operating system? Thank you for your help.

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  • My sound is not working, so I'm going to reinstall FYI [closed]

    - by fer
    I've had trouble getting the sound to work in Ubuntu 12.04 I'm running an Acer Aspire 5739g laptop. This is using a clean install. This wasn't a problem when ubuntu first installed. Rather, it was when I ran the updates that it stopped working. I already tried the suggestions on the ubuntu sites and other similar queries, and they haven't fixed it. Something in the updates is making my sound not work. Edit: It turns out that this might be a bug (the sound issue, first paragraph). After reinstall, it happened again (it's not caused by updates at all, or any software, because I fixed it now w/o reinstall). It seems like I replicated it as follows: I changed auto-hide in the behavior tab of Appearance settings by turning it on, and setting the sensitivity to below the recommended setting. Then instead of restarting, I just logged out and back in. The sound stopped working again. I set the behavior settings to default, restarted, and now it's back to normal. Not sure if it's due to only logging out (and not restarting) or b/c I set my sensitivity to a low setting. Not sure if this helps anyone, but thought I'd mention it.

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  • Compiz problems in Ubuntu 12.10

    - by Antonio Raffaele Iannaccone
    I have installed ubuntu 12.10 x64 on my notebook and I wanted to make a little customization in the UI, so i downloaded Compiz Settings Manager and opened it up. Once I opened it up, I found out that in the compiz are not all those settings and animations (that I could apply like on the photos, videos etc.) so I reinstalled it few times. Once I get bored with the reinstalling I checked one field in there and Ubuntu (OS) started to get "lagged" (Dash get hid, OS started to do not respond very well). So please, can anyone help me? How can I customize my ubuntu without get lagged and with all the animations that have to be available in the compiz? Thanks to all! thank you! It seems that it helped to fix the Dash-hide problem, but I still do not have all the animations and features that have to be in the Compiz (program). Can you help me with this too please? Thanks a lot!

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  • WiFi problems on several Ubuntu installations

    - by Rickyfresh
    Okay this is the first time I have ever had to ask a question as usually the Ubuntu community have answered everything already but on this occasion there are many people asking for the answer but not one good solution has become available so far so someone please help or I will have to install Windows on my sons and my girlfriends PCs and that would be a disaster as I am trying to help convince people to move from Windows. I installed 12.04 on three computers on the same day. Dell Inspiron (Works Perfect) Toshiba Satellite Home built Desktop The Dell works perfect but the other two either keep losing connection to the wireless Internet and even when they are connected they stop connecting to web sites, for some reason it searches Google fine but will not connect to web sites when a link is clicked. So far people have recommended in other forums: Removing network manager and installing wicd (didn't solve it) Changing the MTU in the wireless settings (didn't solve it) All sorts of messing about with Firefox settings (this doesn't solve it and even if it did this would leave most average PC users scratching their heads and wishing they had stuck to windows) The problem exists on two very different machines and different wireless cards so I doubt its a driver or hardware issue, also many other Ubuntu users are having the same problem with a vast array of different machines and wireless cards. Can someone please give a good solution to this as its going to turn a lot of people away from Ubuntu if they cannot get this sorted. I would give some PC specs but the two machines are vastly different and the other people complaining of this problem also have very different systems all showing the same problem.

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  • Strings are UTF-16&hellip;. There is an error in XML document (1, 1).

    - by Shawn Cicoria
    I had a situation today where an xml document had a directive indicating it was utf-8.  So, the code in question was reading in the “string” of that xml then attempting to de-serialize it using an Xsd generated type. What you end up with is an exception indicating that there’s an error in the Xml document at (1,1) or something to that effect. The fix is, run it through a memory stream – which reads the string, but at utf8 bytes – if you have things that fall outside of 8 bit chars, you’ll get an exception.   //Need to read it to bytes, to undo the fact that strings are UTF-16 all the time. //We want it to handle it as UTF8. byte[] bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(_myXmlString); TargetType myInstance = null; using (MemoryStream memStream = new MemoryStream(bytes)) { XmlSerializer tokenSerializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(TargetType)); myInstance = (TargetType)tokenSerializer.Deserialize(memStream); }   Writing is similar – also, adding the default namespace prevents the additional xmlns additions that aren’t necessary:   XmlWriterSettings settings = new XmlWriterSettings() { Encoding = Encoding.UTF8, Indent = true, NewLineOnAttributes = true, }; XmlSerializerNamespaces xmlnsEmpty = new XmlSerializerNamespaces(); xmlnsEmpty.Add("", "http://www.wow.thisworks.com/2010/05"); MemoryStream memStr = new MemoryStream(); using (XmlWriter writer = XmlTextWriter.Create(memStr, settings)) { XmlSerializer tokenSerializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(TargetType)); tokenSerializer.Serialize(writer, theInstance, xmlnsEmpty); }

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  • Refresh QTextEdit in PyQt

    - by Mark Underwood
    Hi all, Im writing a PyQt app that takes some input in one widget, and then processes some text files. What ive got at the moment is when the user clicks the "process" button a seperate window with a QTextEdit in it pops up, and ouputs some logging messages. On Mac OS X this window is refreshed automatically and you cna see the process. On Windows, the window reports (Not Responding) and then once all the proccessing is done, the log output is shown. Im assuming I need to refresh the window after each write into the log, and ive had a look around at using a timer. etc, but havnt had much luck in getting it working. Below is the source code. It has two files, GUI.py which does all the GUI stuff and MOVtoMXF that does all the processing. GUI.py import os import sys import MOVtoMXF from PyQt4.QtCore import * from PyQt4.QtGui import * class Form(QDialog): def process(self): path = str(self.pathBox.displayText()) if(path == ''): QMessageBox.warning(self, "Empty Path", "You didnt fill something out.") return xmlFile = str(self.xmlFileBox.displayText()) if(xmlFile == ''): QMessageBox.warning(self, "No XML file", "You didnt fill something.") return outFileName = str(self.outfileNameBox.displayText()) if(outFileName == ''): QMessageBox.warning(self, "No Output File", "You didnt do something") return print path + " " + xmlFile + " " + outFileName mov1 = MOVtoMXF.MOVtoMXF(path, xmlFile, outFileName, self.log) self.log.show() rc = mov1.ScanFile() if( rc < 0): print "something happened" #self.done(0) def __init__(self, parent=None): super(Form, self).__init__(parent) self.log = Log() self.pathLabel = QLabel("P2 Path:") self.pathBox = QLineEdit("") self.pathBrowseB = QPushButton("Browse") self.pathLayout = QHBoxLayout() self.pathLayout.addStretch() self.pathLayout.addWidget(self.pathLabel) self.pathLayout.addWidget(self.pathBox) self.pathLayout.addWidget(self.pathBrowseB) self.xmlLabel = QLabel("FCP XML File:") self.xmlFileBox = QLineEdit("") self.xmlFileBrowseB = QPushButton("Browse") self.xmlLayout = QHBoxLayout() self.xmlLayout.addStretch() self.xmlLayout.addWidget(self.xmlLabel) self.xmlLayout.addWidget(self.xmlFileBox) self.xmlLayout.addWidget(self.xmlFileBrowseB) self.outFileLabel = QLabel("Save to:") self.outfileNameBox = QLineEdit("") self.outputFileBrowseB = QPushButton("Browse") self.outputLayout = QHBoxLayout() self.outputLayout.addStretch() self.outputLayout.addWidget(self.outFileLabel) self.outputLayout.addWidget(self.outfileNameBox) self.outputLayout.addWidget(self.outputFileBrowseB) self.exitButton = QPushButton("Exit") self.processButton = QPushButton("Process") self.buttonLayout = QHBoxLayout() #self.buttonLayout.addStretch() self.buttonLayout.addWidget(self.exitButton) self.buttonLayout.addWidget(self.processButton) self.layout = QVBoxLayout() self.layout.addLayout(self.pathLayout) self.layout.addLayout(self.xmlLayout) self.layout.addLayout(self.outputLayout) self.layout.addLayout(self.buttonLayout) self.setLayout(self.layout) self.pathBox.setFocus() self.setWindowTitle("MOVtoMXF") self.connect(self.processButton, SIGNAL("clicked()"), self.process) self.connect(self.exitButton, SIGNAL("clicked()"), self, SLOT("reject()")) self.ConnectButtons() class Log(QTextEdit): def __init__(self, parent=None): super(Log, self).__init__(parent) self.timer = QTimer() self.connect(self.timer, SIGNAL("timeout()"), self.updateText()) self.timer.start(2000) def updateText(self): print "update Called" AND MOVtoMXF.py import os import sys import time import string import FileUtils import shutil import re class MOVtoMXF: #Class to do the MOVtoMXF stuff. def __init__(self, path, xmlFile, outputFile, edit): self.MXFdict = {} self.MOVDict = {} self.path = path self.xmlFile = xmlFile self.outputFile = outputFile self.outputDirectory = outputFile.rsplit('/',1) self.outputDirectory = self.outputDirectory[0] sys.stdout = OutLog( edit, sys.stdout) class OutLog(): def __init__(self, edit, out=None, color=None): """(edit, out=None, color=None) -> can write stdout, stderr to a QTextEdit. edit = QTextEdit out = alternate stream ( can be the original sys.stdout ) color = alternate color (i.e. color stderr a different color) """ self.edit = edit self.out = None self.color = color def write(self, m): if self.color: tc = self.edit.textColor() self.edit.setTextColor(self.color) #self.edit.moveCursor(QtGui.QTextCursor.End) self.edit.insertPlainText( m ) if self.color: self.edit.setTextColor(tc) if self.out: self.out.write(m) self.edit.show() If any other code is needed (i think this is all that is needed) then just let me know. Any Help would be great. Mark

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  • Django manager for _set in model

    - by Daniel Johansson
    Hello, I'm in the progress of learning Django at the moment but I can't figure out how to solve this problem on my own. I'm reading the book Developers Library - Python Web Development With Django and in one chapter you build a simple CMS system with two models (Story and Category), some generic and custom views together with templates for the views. The book only contains code for listing stories, story details and search. I wanted to expand on that and build a page with nested lists for categories and stories. - Category1 -- Story1 -- Story2 - Category2 - Story3 etc. I managed to figure out how to add my own generic object_list view for the category listing. My problem is that the Story model have STATUS_CHOICES if the Story is public or not and a custom manager that'll only fetch the public Stories per default. I can't figure out how to tell my generic Category list view to also use a custom manager and only fetch the public Stories. Everything works except that small problem. I'm able to create a list for all categories with a sub list for all stories in that category on a single page, the only problem is that the list contains non public Stories. I don't know if I'm on the right track here. My urls.py contains a generic view that fetches all Category objects and in my template I'm using the *category.story_set.all* to get all Story objects for that category, wich I then loop over. I think it would be possible to add a if statement in the template and use the VIEWABLE_STATUS from my model file to check if it should be listed or not. The problem with that solution is that it's not very DRY compatible. Is it possible to add some kind of manager for the Category model too that only will fetch in public Story objects when using the story_set on a category? Or is this the wrong way to attack my problem? Related code urls.py (only category list view): urlpatterns += patterns('django.views.generic.list_detail', url(r'^categories/$', 'object_list', {'queryset': Category.objects.all(), 'template_object_name': 'category' }, name='cms-categories'), models.py: from markdown import markdown import datetime from django.db import models from django.db.models import permalink from django.contrib.auth.models import User VIEWABLE_STATUS = [3, 4] class ViewableManager(models.Manager): def get_query_set(self): default_queryset = super(ViewableManager, self).get_query_set() return default_queryset.filter(status__in=VIEWABLE_STATUS) class Category(models.Model): """A content category""" label = models.CharField(blank=True, max_length=50) slug = models.SlugField() class Meta: verbose_name_plural = "categories" def __unicode__(self): return self.label @permalink def get_absolute_url(self): return ('cms-category', (), {'slug': self.slug}) class Story(models.Model): """A hunk of content for our site, generally corresponding to a page""" STATUS_CHOICES = ( (1, "Needs Edit"), (2, "Needs Approval"), (3, "Published"), (4, "Archived"), ) title = models.CharField(max_length=100) slug = models.SlugField() category = models.ForeignKey(Category) markdown_content = models.TextField() html_content = models.TextField(editable=False) owner = models.ForeignKey(User) status = models.IntegerField(choices=STATUS_CHOICES, default=1) created = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.datetime.now) modified = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.datetime.now) class Meta: ordering = ['modified'] verbose_name_plural = "stories" def __unicode__(self): return self.title @permalink def get_absolute_url(self): return ("cms-story", (), {'slug': self.slug}) def save(self): self.html_content = markdown(self.markdown_content) self.modified = datetime.datetime.now() super(Story, self).save() admin_objects = models.Manager() objects = ViewableManager() category_list.html (related template): {% extends "cms/base.html" %} {% block content %} <h1>Categories</h1> {% if category_list %} <ul id="category-list"> {% for category in category_list %} <li><a href="{{ category.get_absolute_url }}">{{ category.label }}</a></li> {% if category.story_set %} <ul> {% for story in category.story_set.all %} <li><a href="{{ story.get_absolute_url }}">{{ story.title }}</a></li> {% endfor %} </ul> {% endif %} {% endfor %} </ul> {% else %} <p> Sorry, no categories at the moment. </p> {% endif %} {% endblock %}

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  • Rails on server syntax error?

    - by Danny McClelland
    Hi Everyone, I am trying to get my rails application running on my web server, but when I run the rake db:migrate I get the following error: r oot@oak [/home/macandco/rails_apps/survey_manager]# rake db:migrate (in /home/macandco/rails_apps/survey_manager) == Baseapp: migrating ======================================================== -- create_table(:settings, {:force=>true}) -> 0.0072s -- create_table(:users) -> 0.0072s -- add_index(:users, :login, {:unique=>true}) -> 0.0097s -- create_table(:profiles) -> 0.0084s -- create_table(:open_id_authentication_associations, {:force=>true}) -> 0.0067s -- create_table(:open_id_authentication_nonces, {:force=>true}) -> 0.0064s -- create_table(:roles) -> 0.0052s -- create_table(:roles_users, {:id=>false}) -> 0.0060s rake aborted! An error has occurred, all later migrations canceled: 555 5.5.2 Syntax error. g9sm2526951gvc.8 Has anyone come across this before? Thanks, Danny Main Migration file c lass Baseapp < ActiveRecord::Migration def self.up # Create Settings Table create_table :settings, :force => true do |t| t.string :label t.string :identifier t.text :description t.string :field_type, :default => 'string' t.text :value t.timestamps end # Create Users Table create_table :users do |t| t.string :login, :limit => 40 t.string :identity_url t.string :name, :limit => 100, :default => '', :null => true t.string :email, :limit => 100 t.string :mobile t.string :signaturenotes t.string :crypted_password, :limit => 40 t.string :salt, :limit => 40 t.string :remember_token, :limit => 40 t.string :activation_code, :limit => 40 t.string :state, :null => :false, :default => 'passive' t.datetime :remember_token_expires_at t.string :password_reset_code, :default => nil t.datetime :activated_at t.datetime :deleted_at t.timestamps end add_index :users, :login, :unique => true # Create Profile Table create_table :profiles do |t| t.references :user t.string :real_name t.string :location t.string :website t.string :mobile t.timestamps end # Create OpenID Tables create_table :open_id_authentication_associations, :force => true do |t| t.integer :issued, :lifetime t.string :handle, :assoc_type t.binary :server_url, :secret end create_table :open_id_authentication_nonces, :force => true do |t| t.integer :timestamp, :null => false t.string :server_url, :null => true t.string :salt, :null => false end create_table :roles do |t| t.column :name, :string end # generate the join table create_table :roles_users, :id => false do |t| t.column :role_id, :integer t.column :user_id, :integer end # Create admin role and user admin_role = Role.create(:name => 'admin') user = User.create do |u| u.login = 'admin' u.password = u.password_confirmation = 'advices' u.email = '[email protected]' end user.register! user.activate! user.roles << admin_role end def self.down # Drop all BaseApp drop_table :settings drop_table :users drop_table :profiles drop_table :open_id_authentication_associations drop_table :open_id_authentication_nonces drop_table :roles drop_table :roles_users end end

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  • .NET 4.0 Dynamic object used statically?

    - by Kevin Won
    I've gotten quite sick of XML configuration files in .NET and want to replace them with a format that is more sane. Therefore, I'm writing a config file parser for C# applications that will take a custom config file format, parse it, and create a Python source string that I can then execute in C# and use as a static object (yes that's right--I want a static (not the static type dyanamic) object in the end). Here's an example of what my config file looks like: // my custom config file format GlobalName: ExampleApp Properties { ExternalServiceTimeout: "120" } Python { // this allows for straight python code to be added to handle custom config def MyCustomPython: return "cool" } Using ANTLR I've created a Lexer/Parser that will convert this format to a Python script. So assume I have that all right and can take the .config above and run my Lexer/Parser on it to get a Python script out the back (this has the added benefit of giving me a validation tool for my config). By running the resultant script in C# // simplified example of getting the dynamic python object in C# // (not how I really do it) ScriptRuntime py = Python.CreateRuntime(); dynamic conf = py.UseFile("conftest.py"); dynamic t = conf.GetConfTest("test"); I can get a dynamic object that has my configuration settings. I can now get my config file settings in C# by invoking a dynamic method on that object: //C# calling a method on the dynamic python object var timeout = t.GetProperty("ExternalServiceTimeout"); //the config also allows for straight Python scripting (via the Python block) var special = t.MyCustonPython(); of course, I have no type safety here and no intellisense support. I have a dynamic representation of my config file, but I want a static one. I know what my Python object's type is--it is actually newing up in instance of a C# class. But since it's happening in python, it's type is not the C# type, but dynamic instead. What I want to do is then cast the object back to the C# type that I know the object is: // doesn't work--can't cast a dynamic to a static type (nulls out) IConfigSettings staticTypeConfig = t as IConfigSettings Is there any way to figure out how to cast the object to the static type? I'm rather doubtful that there is... so doubtful that I took another approach of which I'm not entirely sure about. I'm wondering if someone has a better way... So here's my current tactic: since I know the type of the python object, I am creating a C# wrapper class: public class ConfigSettings : IConfigSettings that takes in a dynamic object in the ctor: public ConfigSettings(dynamic settings) { this.DynamicProxy = settings; } public dynamic DynamicProxy { get; private set; } Now I have a reference to the Python dynamic object of which I know the type. So I can then just put wrappers around the Python methods that I know are there: // wrapper access to the underlying dynamic object // this makes my dynamic object appear 'static' public string GetSetting(string key) { return this.DynamicProxy.GetProperty(key).ToString(); } Now the dynamic object is accessed through this static proxy and thus can obviously be passed around in the static C# world via interface, etc: // dependency inject the dynamic object around IBusinessLogic logic = new BusinessLogic(IConfigSettings config); This solution has the benefits of all the static typing stuff we know and love while at the same time giving me the option of 'bailing out' to dynamic too: // the DynamicProxy property give direct access to the dynamic object var result = config.DynamicProxy.MyCustomPython(); but, man, this seems rather convoluted way of getting to an object that is a static type in the first place! Since the whole dynamic/static interaction world is new to me, I'm really questioning if my solution is optimal or if I'm missing something (i.e. some way of casting that dynamic object to a known static type) about how to bridge the chasm between these two universes.

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  • SQLAlchemy session management in long-running process

    - by codeape
    Scenario: A .NET-based application server (Wonderware IAS/System Platform) hosts automation objects that communicate with various equipment on the factory floor. CPython is hosted inside this application server (using Python for .NET). The automation objects have scripting functionality built-in (using a custom, .NET-based language). These scripts call Python functions. The Python functions are part of a system to track Work-In-Progress on the factory floor. The purpose of the system is to track the produced widgets along the process, ensure that the widgets go through the process in the correct order, and check that certain conditions are met along the process. The widget production history and widget state is stored in a relational database, this is where SQLAlchemy plays its part. For example, when a widget passes a scanner, the automation software triggers the following script (written in the application server's custom scripting language): ' wiget_id and scanner_id provided by automation object ' ExecFunction() takes care of calling a CPython function retval = ExecFunction("WidgetScanned", widget_id, scanner_id); ' if the python function raises an Exception, ErrorOccured will be true ' in this case, any errors should cause the production line to stop. if (retval.ErrorOccured) then ProductionLine.Running = False; InformationBoard.DisplayText = "ERROR: " + retval.Exception.Message; InformationBoard.SoundAlarm = True end if; The script calls the WidgetScanned python function: # pywip/functions.py from pywip.database import session from pywip.model import Widget, WidgetHistoryItem from pywip import validation, StatusMessage from datetime import datetime def WidgetScanned(widget_id, scanner_id): widget = session.query(Widget).get(widget_id) validation.validate_widget_passed_scanner(widget, scanner) # raises exception on error widget.history.append(WidgetHistoryItem(timestamp=datetime.now(), action=u"SCANNED", scanner_id=scanner_id)) widget.last_scanner = scanner_id widget.last_update = datetime.now() return StatusMessage("OK") # ... there are a dozen similar functions My question is: How do I best manage SQLAlchemy sessions in this scenario? The application server is a long-running process, typically running months between restarts. The application server is single-threaded. Currently, I do it the following way: I apply a decorator to the functions I make avaliable to the application server: # pywip/iasfunctions.py from pywip import functions def ias_session_handling(func): def _ias_session_handling(*args, **kwargs): try: retval = func(*args, **kwargs) session.commit() return retval except: session.rollback() raise return _ias_session_handling # ... actually I populate this module with decorated versions of all the functions in pywip.functions dynamically WidgetScanned = ias_session_handling(functions.WidgetScanned) Question: Is the decorator above suitable for handling sessions in a long-running process? Should I call session.remove()? The SQLAlchemy session object is a scoped session: # pywip/database.py from sqlalchemy.orm import scoped_session, sessionmaker session = scoped_session(sessionmaker()) I want to keep the session management out of the basic functions. For two reasons: There is another family of functions, sequence functions. The sequence functions call several of the basic functions. One sequence function should equal one database transaction. I need to be able to use the library from other environments. a) From a TurboGears web application. In that case, session management is done by TurboGears. b) From an IPython shell. In that case, commit/rollback will be explicit. (I am truly sorry for the long question. But I felt I needed to explain the scenario. Perhaps not necessary?)

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  • ListView: convertView / holder getting confused

    - by Steve H
    I'm working with a ListView, trying to get the convertView / referenceHolder optimisation to work properly but it's giving me trouble. (This is the system where you store the R.id.xxx pointers in as a tag for each View to avoid having to call findViewById). I have a ListView populated with simple rows of an ImageView and some text, but the ImageView can be formatted either for portrait-sized images (tall and narrow) or landscape-sized images (short and wide). It's adjusting this formatting for each row which isn't working as I had hoped. The basic system is that to begin with, it inflates the layout for each row and sets the ImageView's settings based on the data, and includes an int denoting the orientation in the tag containing the R.id.xxx values. Then when it starts reusing convertViews, it checks this saved orientation against the orientation of the new row. The theory then is that if the orientation is the same, then the ImageView should already be set up correctly. If it isn't, then it sets the parameters for the ImageView as appropriate and updates the tag. However, I found that it was somehow getting confused; sometimes the tag would get out of sync with the orientation of the ImageView. For example, the tag would still say portrait, but the actual ImageView would still be in landscape layout. I couldn't find a pattern to how or when this happened; it wasn't consistent by orientation, position in the list or speed of scrolling. I can solve the problem by simply removing the check about convertView's orientation and simply always set the ImageView's parameters, but that seems to defeat the purpose of this optimisation. Can anyone see what I've done wrong in the code below? static LinearLayout.LayoutParams layoutParams; (...) public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent){ ReferenceHolder holder; if (convertView == null){ convertView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.pick_image_row, null); holder = new ReferenceHolder(); holder.getIdsAndSetTag(convertView, position); if (data[position][ORIENTATION] == LANDSCAPE) { // Layout defaults to portrait settings, so ImageView size needs adjusting. // layoutParams is modified here, with specific values for width, height, margins etc holder.image.setLayoutParams(layoutParams); } holder.orientation = data[position][ORIENTATION]; } else { holder = (ReferenceHolder) convertView.getTag(); if (holder.orientation != data[position][ORIENTATION]){ //This is the key if statement for my question switch (image[position][ORIENTATION]) { case PORTRAIT: // layoutParams is reset to the Portrait settings holder.orientation = data[position][ORIENTATION]; break; case LANDSCAPE: // layoutParams is reset to the Landscape settings holder.orientation = data[position][ORIENTATION]; break; } holder.image.setLayoutParams(layoutParams); } } // and the row's image and text is set here, using holder.image.xxx // and holder.text.xxx return convertView; } static class ReferenceHolder { ImageView image; TextView text; int orientation; void getIdsAndSetTag(View v, int position){ image = (ImageView) v.findViewById(R.id.pickImageImage); text = (TextView) v.findViewById(R.id.pickImageText); orientation = data[position][ORIENTATION]; v.setTag(this); } } Thanks!

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  • wmi not available for some time after reboot

    - by Alex Okrushko
    I'm having the problem with the WMI availability on logon. Right after reboot I open cmd and with python interpreter: >>> import wmi >>> c = wmi.WMI() >>> c.Win32_OperatingSystem() Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\wmi.py", line 1147, in __getattr__ return getattr (self._namespace, attribute) File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\win32com\client\dynamic.py", line 516, in __getattr__ raise AttributeError("%s.%s" % (self._username_, attr)) AttributeError: winmgmts:.Win32_OperatingSystem >>> 5 minutes later I open another cmd and python interpreter: Python 2.7.3 (default, Apr 10 2012, 23:31:26) [MSC v.1500 32 bit (Intel)] on win 32 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> import wmi >>> c = wmi.WMI() >>> c.Win32_OperatingSystem() [<_wmi_object: \\W520-ALEX-WIN7\root\cimv2:Win32_OperatingSystem=@>] >>> NOTE: the first cmd still keeps saying AttributeError even 5 minutes later. NOTE 2: if I logout and login wmi is available, so it is somehow effected by reboot with process explorer I check the environmental variables and they are the same for both cmds What could that be? Please help. UPDATE: Apparently the problem is connecting to the wbem services: >>> import win32com.client >>> win32com.client.Dispatch('WbemScripting.SWbemLocator') <COMObject WbemScripting.SWbemLocator> >>> wmi_service= win32com.client.Dispatch('WbemScripting.SWbemLocator') >>> wbem_service = wmi_service.ConnectServer('.','root/cimv2') >>> wbem_service <COMObject <unknown>> >>> items = wbem_service.ExecQuery('Select * from Win32_OperatingSystem') Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> File "<COMObject <unknown>>", line 3, in ExecQuery File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\win32com\client\dynamic.py", line 282, in _ApplyTypes_ result = self._oleobj_.InvokeTypes(*(dispid, LCID, wFlags, retType, argTypes ) + args) pywintypes.com_error: (-2147352567, 'Exception occurred.', (0, u'SWbemServicesEx ', u'Generic failure ', None, 0, -2147217407), None) >>> NOTE 3: wmic os always worked. NOTE 4: re-installing pywin32 package didn't help. Neither did Re-registering/re-compiling the WMI components and resetting of the WMI database (as recommended here) NOTE 5: my 4 Other laptops don't have this problem. Also wmiprov.log has: (Mon Oct 29 11:40:07 2012.248587) : *************************************** (Mon Oct 29 11:40:07 2012.248587) : Could not get pointer to binary resource for file: (Mon Oct 29 11:40:07 2012.248587) : C:\Windows\system32\drivers\ndis.sys[MofResourceName](Mon Oct 29 11:40:07 2012.248587) : (Mon Oct 29 11:40:07 2012.248587) : *************************************** (Mon Oct 29 11:40:07 2012.248587) : *************************************** (Mon Oct 29 11:40:07 2012.248587) : Could not get pointer to binary resource for file: (Mon Oct 29 11:40:07 2012.248587) : C:\Windows\system32\drivers\en-US\ndis.sys.mui[MofResourceName](Mon Oct 29 11:40:07 2012.248587) : (Mon Oct 29 11:40:07 2012.248587) : *************************************** (Mon Oct 29 11:40:07 2012.248603) : *************************************** (Mon Oct 29 11:40:07 2012.248603) : Could not get pointer to binary resource for file: (Mon Oct 29 11:40:07 2012.248603) : C:\Windows\system32\DRIVERS\wmiacpi.sys[MofResource](Mon Oct 29 11:40:07 2012.248603) : (Mon Oct 29 11:40:07 2012.248603) : *************************************** (Mon Oct 29 11:40:07 2012.248603) : *************************************** (Mon Oct 29 11:40:07 2012.248603) : Could not get pointer to binary resource for file: (Mon Oct 29 11:40:07 2012.248603) : C:\Windows\system32\DRIVERS\monitor.sys[MonitorWMI](Mon Oct 29 11:40:07 2012.248603) : (Mon Oct 29 11:40:07 2012.248603) : *************************************** NOTE 6: the WMIDiag tool report is at my dropbox

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  • Error in python - don't understand

    - by Jasper
    Hi, I'm creating a game, and am quite new to Python generally. I created a function 'descriptionGenerator()' which generates a description for characters and objects either randomly or using variables passed to it. It seemed to be working, but every now and then it wouldn't work correctly. So i placed it in a loop, and it never seems to be able to complete the loop without one of the iterations having this problem. The code is as follows: #+------------------------------------------+ #| Name: bitsandpieces.py | #| A module for the 'Europa I' game | #| created for the Game Making Competition | #| | #| Date Created/Modified: | #| 3/4/10 | 3/4/10 | #+------------------------------------------+ # Import the required modules # Import system modules: import time import random # Import 3rd party modules: # Import game modules: # Define the 'descriptionGenerator()' function def descriptionGenerator(descriptionVariables): descriptionVariableSize = len(descriptionVariables) if descriptionVariables[0] == 'char': # If there is only one variable ('char'), create a random description if descriptionVariableSize == 1: # Define choices for descriptionVariables to be generated from gender_choices = ['male', 'female'] hair_choices = ['black', 'red', 'blonde', 'grey', 'brown', 'blue'] hair_choices2 = ['long', 'short', 'cropped', 'curly'] size_choices = ['tubby', 'thin', 'fat', 'almost twig-like'] demeanour_choices = ['glowering', 'bright', 'smiling', 'sombre', 'intelligent'] impression_choices = ['likeable', 'unlikeable', 'dangerous', 'annoying', 'afraid'] # Define description variables gender = random.choice(gender_choices) height = str(float('0.' + str(random.randint(1, 9))) + float(random.randint(1, 2))) if float(height) > 1.8: height_string = 'tall' if float(height) > 2: height_string = 'very tall' elif float(height) < 1.8 and float(height) > 1.5: height_string = 'average' elif float(height) < 1.5: height_string = 'short' if float(height) < 1.3: height_string = 'very short' hair = random.choice(hair_choices2) + ' ' + random.choice(hair_choices) size = random.choice(size_choices) demeanour = random.choice(demeanour_choices) impression = random.choice(impression_choices) # Collect description variables in list 'randomDescriptionVariables' randomDescriptionVariables = ['char', gender, height, height_string, hair, size, demeanour, impression] # Generate description using the 'descriptionGenerator' function descriptionGenerator(randomDescriptionVariables) # Generate the description of a character using the variables passed to the function elif descriptionVariableSize == 8: if descriptionVariables[1] == 'male': if descriptionVariables[7] != 'afraid': print """A %s man, about %s m tall. He has %s hair and is %s. He is %s and you get the impression that he is %s.""" %(descriptionVariables[3], descriptionVariables[2], descriptionVariables[4], descriptionVariables[5], descriptionVariables[6], descriptionVariables[7]) elif descriptionVariables[7] == 'afraid': print """A %s man, about %s m tall. He has %s hair and is %s. He is %s.\nYou feel that you should be %s of him.""" %(descriptionVariables[3], descriptionVariables[2], descriptionVariables[4], descriptionVariables[5], descriptionVariables[6], descriptionVariables[7]) elif descriptionVariables[1] == 'female': if descriptionVariables[7] != 'afraid': print """A %s woman, about %s m tall. She has %s hair and is %s. She is %s and you get the impression that she is %s.""" %(descriptionVariables[3], descriptionVariables[2], descriptionVariables[4], descriptionVariables[5], descriptionVariables[6], descriptionVariables[7]) elif descriptionVariables[7] == 'afraid': print """A %s woman, about %s m tall. She has %s hair and is %s. She is %s.\nYou feel that you should be %s of her.""" %(descriptionVariables[3], descriptionVariables[2], descriptionVariables[4], descriptionVariables[5], descriptionVariables[6], descriptionVariables[7]) else: pass elif descriptionVariables[0] == 'obj': # Insert code here 2 deal with object stuff pass print print myDescriptionVariables = ['char'] i = 0 while i < 30: print print print descriptionGenerator(myDescriptionVariables) i = i + 1 time.sleep(10) When it fails to properly execute it says this: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/Users/Jasper/Development/Programming/MyProjects/Game Making Challenge/Europa I/Code/Code 2.0/bitsandpieces.py", line 79, in <module> descriptionGenerator(myDescriptionVariables) File "/Users/Jasper/Development/Programming/MyProjects/Game Making Challenge/Europa I/Code/Code 2.0/bitsandpieces.py", line 50, in descriptionGenerator randomDescriptionVariables = ['char', gender, height, height_string, hair, size, demeanour, impression] UnboundLocalError: local variable 'height_string' referenced before assignment Thanks for any help with this

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  • Link Error : xxx is already defined in *****.LIB :: What exactly is wrong?

    - by claws
    Problem: I'm trying to use a library named DCMTK which used some other external libraries ( zlib, libtiff, libpng, libxml2, libiconv ). I've downloaded these external libraries (*.LIB & *.h files ) from the same website. Now, when I compile the DCMTK library I'm getting link errors (793 errors) like this: Error 2 error LNK2005: __encode_pointer already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCR90D.dll) LIBCMTD.lib dcmmkdir Error 3 error LNK2005: __decode_pointer already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCR90D.dll) LIBCMTD.lib dcmmkdir Error 4 error LNK2005: __CrtSetCheckCount already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCR90D.dll) LIBCMTD.lib dcmmkdir Error 5 error LNK2005: __invoke_watson already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCR90D.dll) LIBCMTD.lib dcmmkdir Error 6 error LNK2005: __errno already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCR90D.dll) LIBCMTD.lib dcmmkdir Error 7 error LNK2005: __configthreadlocale already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCR90D.dll) LIBCMTD.lib dcmmkdir Error 8 error LNK2005: _exit already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCR90D.dll) LIBCMTD.lib dcmmkdir Documentation: This seems to be a popular error for this library so, they do have a FAQ entry addressing this issue which ( http://forum.dcmtk.org/viewtopic.php?t=35 ) says: The problem is that the linker tries to combine different, incompatible versions of the Visual C++ runtime library into a single binary. This happens when not all parts of your project and the libraries you link against are generated with the same code generation options in Visual C++. Do not use the /NODEFAULTLIB workaround, because strange software crashes may follow. Fix the problem! DCMTK is by default compiled with the "Multithreaded" or "Multithreaded Debug" code generation option (the latter for Debug mode). Either change the project settings of all of your code to use these code generation options, or change the code generation for all DCMTK modules and re-compile. MFC users beware: DCMTK should be compiled with "Multithreaded DLL" or "Multithreaded DLL Debug" settings if you want to link the libraries into an MFC application. Solution to same problem for others: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2259697/vscopengl-huge-amount-of-linker-issues-with-release-build-only says: It seems that your release build is trying to link to something that was built debug. You probably have a broken dependency in your build, (or you missed rebuilding something to release by hand if your project is normally built in pieces). More technically, you seem to be linking projects built with different C Run Time library settings, one with "Multi-Threaded", another one with "Multi-Threaded Debug". Adjust the settings for all the projects to use the very same flavour of the library and the issue should go away Questions: Till now I used to think that Name mangling is the only problem that may cause linking failures if its not been standardized. Just now I knew there are other things also which can cause same effect. Whats up with the "Debug Mode" (Multi-Threaded Debug) and "Release Mode" (Multi-Threaded)? What exactly is happening under the hood? Why exactly this thing is causing linking error? I wonder if there is something called "Single-Threaded Debug" and "Single-Threaded" which again causes the same thing. Documentation talks something about "Code Generation Options". What Code Generation Options? WTH are they? Documentation specifically warns us not to use /NODEFAULTLIB workaround. (example /NODEFAULTLIB :msvcrt ). Why? How would I cause troubles? what exactly is it? Please explain the last point in the documentation for MFC users. Because I'm going to use MFC later in this project. Explain Why should we do it? What troubles would it cause if I don't. Anything more you'd like to mention? I mean regarding similar errors. I'm very interested in Linker & its problems. So, if there are any similar things you can mentions them or some keywords atleast.

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  • Optimizing Python code with many attribute and dictionary lookups

    - by gotgenes
    I have written a program in Python which spends a large amount of time looking up attributes of objects and values from dictionary keys. I would like to know if there's any way I can optimize these lookup times, potentially with a C extension, to reduce the time of execution, or if I need to simply re-implement the program in a compiled language. The program implements some algorithms using a graph. It runs prohibitively slowly on our data sets, so I profiled the code with cProfile using a reduced data set that could actually complete. The vast majority of the time is being burned in one function, and specifically in two statements, generator expressions, within the function: The generator expression at line 202 is neighbors_in_selected_nodes = (neighbor for neighbor in node_neighbors if neighbor in selected_nodes) and the generator expression at line 204 is neighbor_z_scores = (interaction_graph.node[neighbor]['weight'] for neighbor in neighbors_in_selected_nodes) The source code for this function of context provided below. selected_nodes is a set of nodes in the interaction_graph, which is a NetworkX Graph instance. node_neighbors is an iterator from Graph.neighbors_iter(). Graph itself uses dictionaries for storing nodes and edges. Its Graph.node attribute is a dictionary which stores nodes and their attributes (e.g., 'weight') in dictionaries belonging to each node. Each of these lookups should be amortized constant time (i.e., O(1)), however, I am still paying a large penalty for the lookups. Is there some way which I can speed up these lookups (e.g., by writing parts of this as a C extension), or do I need to move the program to a compiled language? Below is the full source code for the function that provides the context; the vast majority of execution time is spent within this function. def calculate_node_z_prime( node, interaction_graph, selected_nodes ): """Calculates a z'-score for a given node. The z'-score is based on the z-scores (weights) of the neighbors of the given node, and proportional to the z-score (weight) of the given node. Specifically, we find the maximum z-score of all neighbors of the given node that are also members of the given set of selected nodes, multiply this z-score by the z-score of the given node, and return this value as the z'-score for the given node. If the given node has no neighbors in the interaction graph, the z'-score is defined as zero. Returns the z'-score as zero or a positive floating point value. :Parameters: - `node`: the node for which to compute the z-prime score - `interaction_graph`: graph containing the gene-gene or gene product-gene product interactions - `selected_nodes`: a `set` of nodes fitting some criterion of interest (e.g., annotated with a term of interest) """ node_neighbors = interaction_graph.neighbors_iter(node) neighbors_in_selected_nodes = (neighbor for neighbor in node_neighbors if neighbor in selected_nodes) neighbor_z_scores = (interaction_graph.node[neighbor]['weight'] for neighbor in neighbors_in_selected_nodes) try: max_z_score = max(neighbor_z_scores) # max() throws a ValueError if its argument has no elements; in this # case, we need to set the max_z_score to zero except ValueError, e: # Check to make certain max() raised this error if 'max()' in e.args[0]: max_z_score = 0 else: raise e z_prime = interaction_graph.node[node]['weight'] * max_z_score return z_prime Here are the top couple of calls according to cProfiler, sorted by time. ncalls tottime percall cumtime percall filename:lineno(function) 156067701 352.313 0.000 642.072 0.000 bpln_contextual.py:204(<genexpr>) 156067701 289.759 0.000 289.759 0.000 bpln_contextual.py:202(<genexpr>) 13963893 174.047 0.000 816.119 0.000 {max} 13963885 69.804 0.000 936.754 0.000 bpln_contextual.py:171(calculate_node_z_prime) 7116883 61.982 0.000 61.982 0.000 {method 'update' of 'set' objects}

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  • globals and locals in python exec()

    - by hawkettc
    Hi, I'm trying to run a piece of python code using exec. my_code = """ class A(object): pass print 'locals: %s' % locals() print 'A: %s' % A class B(object): a_ref = A """ global_env = {} local_env = {} my_code_AST = compile(my_code, "My Code", "exec") exec(my_code_AST, global_env, local_env) print local_env which results in the following output locals: {'A': <class 'A'>} A: <class 'A'> Traceback (most recent call last): File "python_test.py", line 16, in <module> exec(my_code_AST, global_env, local_env) File "My Code", line 8, in <module> File "My Code", line 9, in B NameError: name 'A' is not defined However, if I change the code to this - my_code = """ class A(object): pass print 'locals: %s' % locals() print 'A: %s' % A class B(A): pass """ global_env = {} local_env = {} my_code_AST = compile(my_code, "My Code", "exec") exec(my_code_AST, global_env, local_env) print local_env then it works fine - giving the following output - locals: {'A': <class 'A'>} A: <class 'A'> {'A': <class 'A'>, 'B': <class 'B'>} Clearly A is present and accessible - what's going wrong in the first piece of code? I'm using 2.6.5, cheers, Colin * UPDATE 1 * If I check the locals() inside the class - my_code = """ class A(object): pass print 'locals: %s' % locals() print 'A: %s' % A class B(object): print locals() a_ref = A """ global_env = {} local_env = {} my_code_AST = compile(my_code, "My Code", "exec") exec(my_code_AST, global_env, local_env) print local_env Then it becomes clear that locals() is not the same in both places - locals: {'A': <class 'A'>} A: <class 'A'> {'__module__': '__builtin__'} Traceback (most recent call last): File "python_test.py", line 16, in <module> exec(my_code_AST, global_env, local_env) File "My Code", line 8, in <module> File "My Code", line 10, in B NameError: name 'A' is not defined However, if I do this, there is no problem - def f(): class A(object): pass class B(object): a_ref = A f() print 'Finished OK' * UPDATE 2 * ok, so the docs here - http://docs.python.org/reference/executionmodel.html 'A class definition is an executable statement that may use and define names. These references follow the normal rules for name resolution. The namespace of the class definition becomes the attribute dictionary of the class. Names defined at the class scope are not visible in methods.' It seems to me that 'A' should be made available as a free variable within the executable statement that is the definition of B, and this happens when we call f(), but not when we use exec(). This can be more easily shown with the following - my_code = """ class A(object): pass print 'locals in body: %s' % locals() print 'A: %s' % A def f(): print 'A in f: %s' % A f() class B(object): a_ref = A """ which outputs locals in body: {'A': <class 'A'>} A: <class 'A'> Traceback (most recent call last): File "python_test.py", line 20, in <module> exec(my_code_AST, global_env, local_env) File "My Code", line 11, in <module> File "My Code", line 9, in f NameError: global name 'A' is not defined So I guess the new question is - why aren't those locals being exposed as free variables in functions and class definitions - it seems like a pretty standard closure scenario.

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