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  • Contiguous Time Periods

    It is always better, and more efficient, to maintain referential integrity by using constraints rather than triggers. Sometimes it is not at all obvious how to do this, and the history table, and other temporal data tables, presented problems for checking data that were difficult to solve with constraints. Suddenly, Alex Kuznetsov came up with a good solution, and so now history tables can benefit from more effective integrity checking. Joe explains...

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  • AND is better or using Internal "IF"

    - by BDotA
    In a situation like this:" if ((metadata != null) && (metadata.TypeEnum != VariantInfoMetadata.CellTypeEnum.Status)) do you recommend to keep the code as it is above or do you think it is better to make an internal "if" statement and brake that AND into two sections where "outer if" makes sure metadata is not null and inner if does the rest of the checking. I think this way will take care of possible null refrence exception if value of metadata gets null?

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  • Problem in udp socket programing in c

    - by Md. Talha
    I complile the following C code of UDP client after I run './udpclient localhost 9191' in terminal.I put "Enter Text= " as Hello, but it is showing error in sendto as below: Enter text: hello hello : error in sendto()guest-1SDRJ2@md-K42F:~/Desktop$ " Note: I open 1st the server port as below in other terminal ./server 9191. I beleive there is no error in server code. The udp client is not passing message to server. If I don't use thread , the message is passing .But I have to do it by thread. UDP client Code: /* simple UDP echo client */ #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <netinet/in.h> #include <arpa/inet.h> #include <netdb.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <pthread.h> #define STRLEN 1024 static void *readdata(void *); static void *writedata(void *); int sockfd, n, slen; struct sockaddr_in servaddr; char sendline[STRLEN], recvline[STRLEN]; int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { pthread_t readid,writeid; struct sockaddr_in servaddr; struct hostent *h; if(argc != 3) { printf("Usage: %s <proxy server ip> <port>\n", argv[0]); exit(0); } /* create hostent structure from user entered host name*/ if ( (h = gethostbyname(argv[1])) == NULL) { printf("\n%s: error in gethostbyname()", argv[0]); exit(0); } /* create server address structure */ bzero(&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr)); /* initialize it */ servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET; memcpy((char *) &servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr, h->h_addr_list[0], h->h_length); servaddr.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[2])); /* get the port number from argv[2]*/ /* create a UDP socket: SOCK_DGRAM */ if ( (sockfd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0) { printf("\n%s: error in socket()", argv[0]); exit(0); } pthread_create(&readid,NULL,&readdata,NULL); pthread_create(&writeid,NULL,&writedata,NULL); while(1) { }; close(sockfd); } static void * writedata(void *arg) { /* get user input */ printf("\nEnter text: "); do { if (fgets(sendline, STRLEN, stdin) == NULL) { printf("\n%s: error in fgets()"); exit(0); } /* send a text */ if (sendto(sockfd, sendline, sizeof(sendline), 0, (struct sockaddr *) &servaddr, sizeof(servaddr)) < 0) { printf("\n%s: error in sendto()"); exit(0); } }while(1); } static void * readdata(void *arg) { /* wait for echo */ slen = sizeof(servaddr); if ( (n = recvfrom(sockfd, recvline, STRLEN, 0, (struct sockaddr *) &servaddr, &slen)) < 0) { printf("\n%s: error in recvfrom()"); exit(0); } /* null terminate the string */ recvline[n] = 0; fputs(recvline, stdout); }

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  • Learning how to design knowledge and data flow [closed]

    - by max
    In designing software, I spend a lot of time deciding how the knowledge (algorithms / business logic) and data should be allocated between different entities; that is, which object should know what. I am asking for advice about books, articles, presentations, classes, or other resources that would help me learn how to do it better. I code primarily in Python, but my question is not really language-specific; even if some of the insights I learn don't work in Python, that's fine. I'll give a couple examples to clarify what I mean. Example 1 I want to perform some computation. As a user, I will need to provide parameters to do the computation. I can have all those parameters sent to the "main" object, which then uses them to create other objects as needed. Or I can create one "main" object, as well as several additional objects; the additional objects would then be sent to the "main" object as parameters. What factors should I consider to make this choice? Example 2 Let's say I have a few objects of type A that can perform a certain computation. The main computation often involves using an object of type B that performs some interim computation. I can either "teach" A instances what exact parameters to pass to B instances (i.e., make B "dumb"); or I can "teach" B instances to figure out what needs to be done when looking at an A instance (i.e., make B "smart"). What should I think about when I'm making this choice?

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  • What language(s) do I need to learn in order to develop an application like this?

    - by Josh
    I have an idea for making a web application. Ideally this application would have products which prices are increased each time a Retweet of the product at hand is made. Kind of like bids with tweets. Unfortunately my web development knowledge is very scarce. I know just basic HTML, virtually no CSS and that's it. I'm kindly asking for your insights on what you think would be best for making a web app like this. I have no good idea of where to start or what I need to get going. Your inputs are greatly appreciated. Thanks in advance.

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  • Listening For and Raising Events in the BLL

    - by OneSource
    I'm working on a WinForms .Net Recording App and I have a RecordingMgr in my BLL to listen for new events captured by another class. I want to display the events in my UI and I'm stuck as to what's the best way to do this. I can think of a few scenarios to handle this but all of them seem sub-optimal: Listen for and handle Recorded Events in both the UI and in the RecordingMgr After receiving the event in the RecordingMgr, raise it again so that the UI can pick it up Create a variable in RecordingMgr (e.g., a BindingList) that the UI can bind to and update it when an Event is received Ditch the RecordingMgr and just put the event recording logic in the UI What's the best approach? Something above or something else?

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  • Determine Better Coding Practice

    - by footprint.
    As a new programmer, it has always been hard to create applications, because I am still at the learning stage. I understand that to achieve a particular affect or function in an application, there will be numerous ways to achieve the same result. However, should I just purely create a function to it's working state, which means that as long as it works, just as the way I want it to, then it should be fine. Can any fellow programmers of a higher level kindly let me know the right way of doing things?

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  • How to organize functional programs

    - by bleakcabal
    In OOP, your basic unit of organization for code is the class. A frequently used methodology in Java, C# and similar languages is to organize your code around having one file for each class with the file name following the class name. You can consider each of these class as a unit of organization to group a single concept. These classes are in in namespaces which often follow the directory structure of the files in the solution/project. Namespaces are another level of organization. How are large projects in functional languages typically organized? How to you determine how to split your functions into different files? Are other units of grouping beside files used? How is code typically organized within a single file?

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  • Why are effect-less functions executed?

    - by user828584
    All the languages I know of would execute something like: i = 0 while i < 100000000 i += 1 ..and you can see it take a noticeable amount of time to execute. Why though, do languages do this? The only effect this code will have is taking time. edit: I mean inside a function which is called function main(){ useless() } function useless(){ i = 0 while i < 100000000 i += 1 }

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  • What am I missing about PHP?

    - by Aerovistae
    It's like this mythical thing that a dominating portion of developers say is just the best option for back-end development, a part of development about which I know virtually nothing beyond the absolute basics. So I've looked up PHP tutorials a bunch of times, trying to figure out why it's so powerful and common, but it's annoying as hell-- all the tutorials treat you like a new programmer. You know, this is how you make an If Else statement, here's a for loop, etc. The "Advanced Topics" show you how to make POST and GET statements and whatnot. But there must be more to it! I don't get it! That's practically no different from JavaScript. What am I missing about this language? What else can it do? Where's the power and versatility? I've heard it called a function soup; where are all the functions? Please chide me. I'm clearly missing something.

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  • Google Currency Convertor JSON API

    - by Gopinath
    There are many live currency conversion services available on the web and the popular one’s among them are – Google, Yahoo, MSN & XE. Among all these four Google is the developer’s darling and it provides a simple JSON API that can be integrated in your applications.  http://www.google.com/ig/calculator?hl=en&q=1USD=?INR Using the API is very simple and it takes two parameters as input. The first parameter “hl” is the language code in which you want output. The second parameter “q” is the conversion query in the format <number><from currency code>=?<to currency code>. In the URL give above the query requests for conversion of 1 USD in INR. JSON output for the above query would be  similar to {lhs: "1 U.S. dollar",rhs: "54.4602984 Indian rupees",error: "",icc: true} Examples: 100 USD in INR  http://www.google.com/ig/calculator?hl=en&q=100USD=?INR Example 2: 1 GBP in INR http://www.google.com/ig/calculator?hl=en&q=1GBP=?INR Example 3: 1 USD in INR, output the data in French language http://www.google.com/ig/calculator?hl=fr&q=1USD=?INR   This is an undocumented service and expect changes at any time. But as long as it works, you got a programmatic way to convert currencies.

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  • Sites with overlapping code-bases. Developing multiple sites with little changes

    - by Web Developer
    I have to develop 3 different sites video.com for hosting video audio.com for hosting audio docs.com for hosting docs. domain names for example only Almost 80% of the functionality is the same for all the three, with remaining 20% being completely different features... How do I handle this? How does sites like SO handle this? I am developing this in YII framework and was thinking of having these different features as modules but in this case the menu/code links in html code can become difficult.

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  • How to write comments to explain the "why" behind the callback function when the function and parameter names are insufficient for that?

    - by snowmantw
    How should I approach writing comments for callback functions? I want to explain the "why" behind the function when the function and parameter names are insufficient to explain what's going on. I have always wonder why comments like this can be so ordinary in documents of libraries in dynamic languages: /** * cb: callback // where's the arguments & effects? */ func foo( cb ) Maybe the common attitude is "you can look into source code on your own after all" which pushes people into leaving minimalist comments like this. But it seems like there should be a better way to comment callback functions. I've tried to comment callbacks in Haskell way: /** * cb: Int -> Char */ func foo(cb) And to be fair, it's usually neat enough. But it gets into trouble when I need to pass some complex structure. The problem being partly due to the lack of type system: /** * cb: Int -> { err: String -> (), success: () -> Char } // too long... */ func foo(cb) Or I have tried this too: /** * cb: Int -> { err: String -> (), * success: () -> Char } // better ? */ func bar(cb) The problem is that you may put the structure in somewhere else, but you must give it a name to reference it. But then when you name a structure you're about to use immediately looks so redundant: // Somewhere else... // ResultCallback: { err: String -> (), success: () -> Char } /** * cb: Int -> ResultCallback // better ?? */ func foo(cb) And it bothers me if I follow the Java-doc like commenting style since it still seems incomplete. The comments don't tell you anything that you couldn't immediately see from looking at the function. /** * @param cb {Function} yeah, it's a function, but you told me nothing about it... * @param err {Function} where should I put this callback's argument ?? * Not to mention the err's own arguments... */ func foo(cb) These examples are JavaScript like with generic functions and parameter names, but I've encountered similar problems in other dynamic languages which allow complex callbacks.

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  • What are some good game development programs for kids?

    - by John Giotta
    I know a very bright little boy who excels in math, but at home he's glued to his Nintendo DS. When I asked him what he wanted to do when he grew up he said "Make video games!" I remember a few years there was mention of a MIT software called Scratch and thought maybe this kid can do want he wants to do. Has anyone used any of the "game development" for kids softwares out there? Can you recommend any?

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  • What are invariants, how can they be used, and have you ever used it in your program?

    - by gablin
    I'm reading Coders at Work, and in it there's a lot of talk about invariants. As far as I've understood it, an invariant is a condition which holds both before and after an expression. They're, among other things, useful in proving that loop is correct, if I remember my Logic course correctly. Is my description correct, or have I missed something? Have you ever used them in your program? And if so, how did they benefit?

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  • Laying out SQL Code

    It is important to ensure that SQL code is laid out the best way for the team that has to use and maintain it. Before you work out how to enforce a standard, one has to work out what that standard should be for the application. So do you dive into detail or create an overall logic to the way it is done?

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  • How do you keep track of the authors of code?

    - by garbagecollector
    This is something I was never taught. I have seen alot of different types of authoring styles. I code primarily in Java and Python. I was wondering if there was a standard authoring style or if everything is freestyle. Also if you answer would you mind attaching the style you use to author files that your create at home or at work. I usually just go @author garbagecollector @company garbage inc.

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  • State Transition Constraints

    Data Validation in a database is a lot more complex than seeing if a string parameter really is an integer. A commercial world is full of complex rules for sequences of procedures, of fixed or variable lifespans, Warranties, commercial offers and bids. All this requires considerable subtlety to prevent bad data getting in, and if it does, locating and fixing the problem. Joe Celko shows how useful a State transition graph can be, and how essential it can become with the time aspect added.

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  • JavaScript and callback nesting

    - by Jake King
    A lot of JavaScript libraries (notably jQuery) use chaining, which allows the reduction of this: var foo = $(".foo"); foo.stop(); foo.show(); foo.animate({ top: 0 }); to this: $(".foo").stop().show().animate({ top: 0 }); With proper formatting, I think this is quite a nice syntactic capability. However, I often see a pattern which I don't particularly like, but appears to be a necessary evil in non-blocking models. This is the ever-present nesting of callback functions: $(".foo").animate({ top: 0, }, { callback: function () { $.ajax({ url: 'ajax.php', }, { callback: function () { ... } }); } }); And it never ends. Even though I love the ease non-blocking models provide, I hate the odd nesting of function literals it forces upon the programmer. I'm interesting in writing a small JS library as an exercise, and I'd love to find a better way to do this, but I don't know how it could be done without feeling hacky. Are there any projects out there that have resolved this problem before? And if not, what are the alternatives to this ugly, meaningless code structure?

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  • returning null vs returning zero, which would be better?

    - by Dark Star1
    I inherited a project that I am managing and having to maintain pending the redevelopment of the code base. At the moment I am being tasked with adding little feature all over the place and have gotten into the habit of returning null instead of zero in parts of the code where I am working on. The problem is we have a client that is using this code and parts of code that require data from my implemented features recieve a null and dump the stack trace in UI. I would like to avoid this entirely from my input but without the nullPointer exceptions there's the potential that errors would be introduced into the client's data which may go un-noticed. Usually I would have come up with my own error notification system but I have never inherited a project before. so I am unsure whether to continue down this path. I still believe that the stack dump is preferable to un-noticed data corruption/inaccuracies.

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  • Should HTTP Verbs Be Used Semantically?

    - by Xophmeister
    If I'm making a web application which integrates with a server-side backend, would it be considered best practice to use HTTP methods semantically? That is, for example, if I'm fetching data (e.g., to populate a menu, etc.), I would use GET, but to update data (e.g., save a record), I would use POST. (I realise there are other methods that may be even more appropriate, but we need to consider browser support.) I can see the benefits of this in the sense that it's effectively a RESTful API, but at a slightly increased development cost. In my previous projects, I've POST'd everything: Is it worth switching to a RESTful mindset simply for the sake of best practice?

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  • A Tale of Identifiers

    Identifiers aren't locators, and they aren't pointers or links either. They are a logical concept in a relational database, and, unlike the more traditional methods of accessing data, don't derive from the way that data gets stored. Identifiers uniquely identify members of the set, and it should be possible to validate and verify them. Celko somehow involves watches and taxi cabs to illustrate the point.

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  • Team Foundation Server– Debug symbols(pdb files) generated in Release build? Fix it.

    - by Gopinath
    Yesterday I setup TFS for my .NET playground website to implement continuous integration and deployments. After a successful build I noticed that debug symbols(pdb files) were generated even though TFS is configured to build in Release mode.  After a bit of analysis its turned out to be the behavior of TFS to generate debug symbols (pdb files) until we pass the attribute DebugType = None. Here are the steps to pass DebugType parameter to MSBuild of TFS Go to Team Explorer Select Build Defintion >> Edit Build Definition Switch to Process tab Navigate to Advanced Section and locate MSBuild Arguments Add the following: /p:Configuration=Release /p:DebugType=none

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  • Is there a good reason I shouldn't use a java applet for a game?

    - by ryeguy
    I want to make a multiplayer browser-based game. The nice thing about using an applet is that I can make the client and the server in the same language (java/closure/scala/etc). I know there's html5 and javascript, but server side javascript isn't as mature as the jvm platform and browser support is still kind of flaky. Applets don't seem to be widely used (except for Runescape), but is there a reason they're unsuitable or is it just because of the bad reputation they developed in their infancy?

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  • What's the reason exceptions are heavily used in managed (C# and Java) languages but not in C++? [on hold]

    - by ZijingWu
    AFAIK, a lot of C++ projects don't allow exceptions and deny them in coding guidelines. I have a lot of reasons, for example, exception is hard to handle correctly if your binary needs to be compiled by separate and different compilers. But it doesn't fully convince me, there is a lot of projects which are just using one compiler. Compared to C++, exceptions are heavily used in C# and Java and the reason can only be that exception are not bringing enough benefit. One point is debugbility in practice. Exception can not get the call stack in C++ code, but in C# and Java you can get the call stack from exception, it is significant and makes debugging easier. No-callstack is not the fault of the exception, it is the language difference, but it impacts the exception usage. So what's the reason that exceptions are frowned upon in c++ programs?

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