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  • How do I open a web browser from C#? Process.Start() isn't working?

    - by Scott Whitlock
    I have a URL and I want to launch it in the default browser. I've tried two methods: Process.Start("http://stackoverflow.com"); ... and the one detailed in this other question using ShellExecute. In both cases I get the error: Windows cannot find 'http://stackoverflow.com'. Make sure you typed the name correctly, and then try again. It shouldn't be trying to open it as a file though... from what I understand, it should recognize it as a URL and open it in the default browser. What am I missing? By the way: OS = Vista, and .NET = 3.5

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  • How can I get the "Latency" of a process that has a TCP connection open?

    - by Dave
    Hello, I am looking to get the "Latency" field of a TCP connection. I notice windows Resource Monitor has this field, and I was wondering if there was a way I can find it. Preferrably without using WMI. If you are unsure what field I am talking about, open Task Manager, goto the Performance tab and hit the Resource Monitor button. Once Resource Monitor is open, expand the TCP Connections area and you will see a Latency field. Is there anyway to access this programatically? Thanks!

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  • Does window.open not work inside an AIR html component?

    - by John Isaacks
    I have a component in AIR like so: <mx:HTML id="html" width="100%" height="100%" location="https://example.com" locationChange="dispatchLocationChange(event)" /> The page it loads contains this: <a onclick="alert('onclick')">Alert</a> <a href="javascript:alert('js')">Alert</a> <a onclick="window.open('http://www.google.com','_blank')">new window</a> The 2 alerts both work. however nothing happens when you click the new window link. all 3 links works when in a real browser so I know its ok. Is there just no support for window.open in the AIR HTML component? or is this a bug? Is there a work around?

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  • high tweet status IDs causing failed to open stream errors?

    - by escarp
    Erg. Starting in the past few days high tweet IDs (at least, it appears it's ID related, but I suppose it could be some recent change in the api returns) are breaking my code. At first I tried passing the ID as a string instead of an integer to this function, and I thought this worked, but in reality it was just the process of uploading the file from my end. In short, a php script generates these function calls, and when it does so, they fail. If I download the php file the call is generated into, delete the server copy and re-upload the exact same file without changing it, it works fine. Does anyone know what could be causing this behavior? Below is what I suspect to be the most important part of the individual files that are pulling the errors. Each of the files is named for a status ID (e.g. the below file is named 12058543656.php) <?php require "singlePost.php"; SinglePost(12058543656) ?> Here's the code that writes the above files: $postFileName = $single_post_id.".php"; if(!file_exists($postFileName)){ $created_at_full = date("l, F jS, Y", strtotime($postRow[postdate])-(18000)); $postFileHandle = fopen($postFileName, 'w+'); fwrite($postFileHandle, '<html> <head> <title><?php $thisTITLE = "escarp | A brief poem or short story by '.$authorname.' on '.$created_at_full.'"; echo $thisTITLE;?></title><META NAME="Description" CONTENT="This brief poem or short story, by '.$authorname.', was published on '.$created_at_full.'"> <?php include("head.php");?> To receive other poems or short stories like this one from <a href=http://twitter.com/escarp>escarp</a> on your cellphone, <a href=http://twitter.com/signup>create</a> and/or <a href=http://twitter.com/devices>associate</a> a Twitter account with your cellphone</a>, follow <a href=http://twitter.com/escarp>us</a>, and turn device updates on. <pre><?php require "singlePost.php"; SinglePost("'.$single_post_id.'") ?> </div></div></pre><?php include("foot.php");?> </body> </html>'); fclose($postFileHandle);} $postcounter++; } I can post more if you don't see anything here, but there are several files involved and I'm trying to avoid dumping tons of irrelevant code. Error: Warning: include(head.php) [function.include]: failed to open stream: No such file or directory in /f2/escarp/public/12177797583.php on line 4 Warning: include(head.php) [function.include]: failed to open stream: No such file or directory in /f2/escarp/public/12177797583.php on line 4 Warning: include() [function.include]: Failed opening 'head.php' for inclusion (include_path='.:/nfsn/apps/php5/lib/php/:/nfsn/apps/php/lib/php/') in /f2/escarp/public/12177797583.php on line 4 To receive other poems or short stories like this one from escarp on your cellphone, create and/or associate a Twitter account with your cellphone, follow us, and turn device updates on. Warning: require(singlePost.php) [function.require]: failed to open stream: No such file or directory in /f2/escarp/public/12177797583.php on line 7 Warning: require(singlePost.php) [function.require]: failed to open stream: No such file or directory in /f2/escarp/public/12177797583.php on line 7 Fatal error: require() [function.require]: Failed opening required 'singlePost.php' (include_path='.:/nfsn/apps/php5/lib/php/:/nfsn/apps/php/lib/php/') in /f2/escarp/public/12177797583.php on line 7 <?php function SinglePost($statusID) { require "nicetime.php"; $db = sqlite_open("db.escarp"); $updates = sqlite_query($db, "SELECT * FROM posts WHERE postID = '$statusID'"); $row = sqlite_fetch_array($updates, SQLITE_ASSOC); $id = $row[authorID]; $result = sqlite_query($db, "SELECT * FROM authors WHERE authorID = '$id'"); $row5 = sqlite_fetch_array($result, SQLITE_ASSOC); $created_at_full = date("l, F jS, Y", strtotime($row[postdate])-(18000)); $created_at = nicetime($row[postdate]); if($row5[url]==""){ $authorurl = ''; } else{ /*I'm omitting a few pages of output code and associated regex*/ return; } ?>

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  • How to open a new screen with additional parameters?

    - by Solo
    I've read through the FAQ of Android Dev Guid (http://developer.android.com/guide/appendix/faq/commontasks.html#opennewscreen) but I'm not sure how can I open a new screen with additional parameters passed into it. Let's say I'm going to open screen2, with a variable indicating the current user name so that I could greet the users. Is it possible? Intent i; i = new Intent(this, screen2.class); //How to pass variable to screen2? startActivity(i);

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  • Why does Visual Studio 2008 try to open a project from the wrong folder?

    - by Rising Star
    I'm having a bizarre problem with Visual Studio 2008. I wanted to debug one of the libraries that my web application references. Therefore, I decide to add the project containing the library to my solution so that I can debug them together. The project containing my library sits at c:\webLibs\myproj.vbproj. However, when I try to add the project to my solution, Visual Studio throws the following error: "The project file 'c:\someOtherFolder\myproj.vbproj'. has been moved, renamed, or is not on your computer." As you can see, VS appears to be trying to open a different file than the one I clicked on. I used to have the file in that other location, but not anymore. I've tried restarting VS several times. What could cause this bizarre behavior? Why would Visual Studio try to open my project from the wrong folder?

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  • Help with my application please! Can’t open image(s) with error: External component has thrown an ex

    - by Brandon
    I have an application written in C# I believe and it adds images to a SQL Server 2005 Database. It requires .NET 3.5 to be installed on my computer. I installed .NET 3.5 and setup a database. It runs fine but then once it gets to image 100 when running on one computer, It stops and gives me this error: Can't open image(s) with error: External component has thrown an exception.... When I run the program on my own computer I am able to reach 300 images but then it stops after 300 images and gives me Can't open image(s) with error: External component has thrown an exception.... error once again. please help!

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  • How to open a text file that's not in the same folder?

    - by nunos
    Since C it's not a language I am used to program with, I don't know how to do this. I have a project folder where I have all the .c and .h files and a conf folder under which there is a config.txt file to read. How can I open that? FILE* fp = fopen("/conf/config.txt"); if (fp != NULL) { //do stuff } else printf("couldn't open file\n"); I keep getting the error message. Why? Thanks.

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  • Set the Windows Explorer Startup Folder in Windows 7

    - by Mysticgeek
    When you open Windows Explorer from the Taskbar in Windows 7, it defaults to the Libraries view. Today we take a look at changing the target path to allow you to customize which location opens by default. When you click on the Windows Explorer icon on the Windows 7 Taskbar, it’s set to open to the Libraries view by default. You might not use the Libraries feature, or want to set it to a different location that is more commonly used. Set Windows Explorer Startup Location To change the default startup location for the Windows Explorer Taskbar icon, if you have no Explorer screens open, hold down the Shift key, right-click the Explorer icon, and select Properties. Or if you have Windows open, right-click on the Explorer icon to bring up the Jumplist, then right-click on Windows Explorer and select Properties. Windows Explorer Properties opens up and you’ll want to click on the Shortcut tab so we can change the Target.   A common place you might want it to default to is your Documents folder. So to do that we need to enter the following into the Target field. %SystemRoot%\explorer.exe /n,::{450D8FBA-AD25-11D0-98A8-0800361B1103}   Now when you open Windows Explorer from the Taskbar it defaults to My Documents… If you use the Start Menu to access Windows Explorer, open the Start Menu and go to All Programs \ Accessories and right-click on Windows Explorer then select Properties. Change the target path to where you want it to go. In this example we want Windows Explorer to open up to My Computer so we entered the following in the Target field. %SystemRoot%\explorer.exe /E,::{20D04FE0-3AEA-1069-A2D8-08002B30309D} When click on the Explorer icon in the Start Menu it defaults to My Computer… You can set it to open to various locations. For instance if you wanted to mess with someone at work, you could enter the following and Explorer will always open to the Recycle Bin. %SystemRoot%\explorer.exe /E,::{645FF040-5081-101B-9F08-00AA002F954E} Conclusion Here we showed you a couple of commonly used locations that you might want Windows Explorer to open to instead of Libraries. You can set it to other locations if you know the GUID (Globally Unique Identifiers) for the object or location you want it to default to. For more on using GUIDs check out The Geek’s article on how to enable the secret “How-To Geek” mode in Windows 7. Actually it’s just a play on the so-called “God Mode” for Windows, but there is some good information, and a list of some locations you might want to have Windows Explorer open to. Similar Articles Productive Geek Tips Make Explorer Show Window Titles in Windows VistaDisable Explorer Breadcrumbs in Windows VistaStill Useful in Vista: Startup Control PanelStop an Application from Running at Startup in Windows VistaHotkey for Creating New Folder in Windows Explorer TouchFreeze Alternative in AutoHotkey The Icy Undertow Desktop Windows Home Server – Backup to LAN The Clear & Clean Desktop Use This Bookmarklet to Easily Get Albums Use AutoHotkey to Assign a Hotkey to a Specific Window Latest Software Reviews Tinyhacker Random Tips VMware Workstation 7 Acronis Online Backup DVDFab 6 Revo Uninstaller Pro Twelve must-have Google Chrome plugins Cool Looking Skins for Windows Media Player 12 Move the Mouse Pointer With Your Face Movement Using eViacam Boot Windows Faster With Boot Performance Diagnostics Create Ringtones For Your Android Phone With RingDroid Enhance Your Laptop’s Battery Life With These Tips

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  • How to use Salt Stack with minions all behind NAT (not publicly accessible, default salt ports not open)?

    - by MountainX
    Can Salt Stack minions communicate with the salt master from behind NAT/Firewalls, etc., using standard ports that would be open be default in all consumer NAT routers (and without the minions having a public DNS record or static IP)? I'm working my way through my first salt tutorial, and this is where I'm stuck. I am able to configure iptables on the Ubuntu salt-master. But I have no control over the routers/NAT that the minions will sit behind. So far I tried these settings: /etc/salt/master: publish_port: 465 ret_port: 443 /etc/salt/minion: master_port: 465 That did not work. Background: I have a custom developed application presently running on about 40 Kubuntu laptops (& more planned). Every few months I have to update the application. (Often this just amounts to replacing a .jar file, which requires root permissions.) I also have to run Ubuntu updates and a few other minor things. I've been doing it manually, one by one, using Team Viewer to log into each client. I would like to dramatically improve this process. The two options I'm aware of are either: use reverse ssh tunnels and bash scripts. I tested this and it works. But I don't get any of the reporting, etc., I would get with Salt Stack. use Salt Stack (or similar) management tool. But I need a really simple tool. I can't invest any time in a big learning curve. I looked at Puppet and a bunch of related tools. The only one I found that looked simple enough for me (so far) was Salt Stack. But I'm stuck now because my minion can't reach the salt-master, as stated above. I appreciate suggestions.

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  • How can we configure the Bitnami Joomla stack to open a socket on startup?

    - by bobo
    I have deployed the Bitnami Ubuntu Joomla! 3.1.5-2 (64-bit) stack on Amazon Cloud: http://bitnami.com/stack/joomla/cloud/amazon By default, the stack is configured to run PHP using PHP-FPM. I have no problem getting the Joomla and phpmyadmin running as virtual hosts on Apache. But now, I would like to add another virtual host. The problem I am having is, I have no idea how to get the system creating a socket on startup in the following folder: bitnami@ip-172-31-15-99:/opt/bitnami/php/var/run$ ls -al total 12 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 3 20:43 . drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Oct 9 15:39 .. srw-rw-rw- 1 root root 0 Nov 3 20:43 joomla.sock -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4 Nov 3 20:43 php5-fpm.pid srw-rw-rw- 1 root root 0 Nov 3 20:43 phpmyadmin.sock srw-rw-rw- 1 root root 0 Nov 3 20:43 www.sock bitnami@ip-172-31-15-99:/opt/bitnami/php/var/run$ I have the following /opt/bitnami/apps/mywebsite/conf/php-fpm/pool.conf file: [mywebsite] listen=/opt/bitnami/php/var/run/mywebsite.sock include=/opt/bitnami/php/etc/common-dynamic.conf include=/opt/bitnami/apps/mywebsite/conf/php-fpm/php-settings.conf pm=dynamic As it can be seen, listen points to the mywebsite.sock which does not currently exist. I did an experiment, by removing the .sock files in the /opt/bitnami/php/var/run folder and they would come back on reboot. So how can we configure it to open a socket for mywebsite on startup?

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  • How to remotely open gedit with SFTP URL in Gnome through SSH?

    - by Álvaro Justen
    My setup is weird and I can't change it now. I have two machines: local-machine: it's my desktop running Ubuntu with Gnome remote-machine: it's one virtual machine, also running Ubuntu but without X In both machines I have my private and public SSH keys. I need to run SSH from remote-machine to local-machine and run gedit (in local-machine, under the default $DISPLAY) but openning a file in remote-machine throught SFTP. Something like this: myuser@remote-machine:~$ ssh local-machine "DISPLAY=:0.0 gedit sftp://remote-machine/some/file" The command above doesn't work. gedit shows this message: Could not open the file sftp://remote-machine/some/file. gedit cannot handle sftp: locations. Note that: /some/file exists on remote-machine. I can SSH normally from remote-machine to local-machine using my SSH key without any problems! I can run the command DISPLAY=:0.0 gedit sftp://remote-machine/some/file in a terminal on local-machine and gedit opens the file on remote-machine without any problems - but the terminal in which I executed the command is running in DISPLAY :0 (really, it's gnome-terminal). I also tried -t option of SSH client (to force pseudo-tty allocation) but it didn't work. If I try to run DISPLAY=:0.0 gedit sftp://remote-machine/some/file in local-machine but under a tty (for example in tty1, by pressing <Ctrl>+<Alt>+<F1>) it doesn't not work - I get the same error when running from remote-machine. I found that if I pass the environment variable DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS with a correct value, it works! So, if I do something like that: myuser@local-machine:~$ env | grep DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS > env.txt myuser@local-machine:~$ scp env.txt remote-machine: and then: myuser@remote-machine:~$ ssh local-machine "DISPLAY=:0.0 $(cat env.txt) gedit sftp://remote-machine/some/file" it works! The problem is that I'm not on local-machine so I can't get the correct value for this env variable. Is there any other way to make this work?

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  • Troubleshooting: Monitor never turns on, system fans running, DVD-ROM does not open.

    - by Wesley
    Hi all, Here are my specs beforehand: ECS P4VXASD2+ (V5.0) motherboard FSB 533MHz Intel Pentium 4 2.40A GHz Prescott Socket 478 2x 256MB PC2100 DDR RAM, 2x 256MB PC133 SDRAM CoolMax 350W PSU DVD-ROM - will edit with brand & model 128MB ATi Radeon 9800 Pro AGP No hard drive So, I just put those parts together today and I tried to power it up, with the monitor connected to the Radeon 9800 in the AGP slot (mobo does not have VGA port). After turning it on, the CPU fan, graphics fan and system fan go on. However, the monitor remains in standby mode, despite being plugged in. Also, after pushing the button on the DVD-ROM drive, it does not open. I've used the DVD-ROM drive before with absolutely no issues. The graphics card was slightly buggy when I put it on another machine, which was left outside in winter weather for 3 months. (Still that computer's integrated graphics worked fine.) CMOS battery was replaced and jumpers are all set correctly. Now, I'm wondering whether the motherboard, CPU, PSU or GPU is the problem. What can I do to test which part is the problem? Just to clarify, I don't have a hard drive, so I usually boot Ubuntu from the disc drive. Anyways, thanks in advance!

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  • Outlook error-'Can't open e-mail folders.You must connect to Exchange w/ current profile before you can sync folders w/ your Outlook data file'

    - by Emilio
    Note that the error message I put in the title of this question is abbreviated. The actual error message is below. I have an Exchange account and using Outlook 2010 as the client. I run in Cached Exchange Mode and have an .OST file locally. Recently I uninstalled and reinstalled office. I set up a new mail profile when prompted by Outlook 2010 upon first execution of the program. In my initial attempt, I pointed the data file at my existing OST file. In my second attempt, I had Outlook create a fresh empty file. In both cases I'm getting the error 'Cannot open your default e-mail folders. You must connect to Microsoft Exchange with the current profile before you can synchronize your folders with your Outlook data file (.ost).', also shown in this screenshot -- http://drop.io/4rc9v9o/asset/outlook-error-png. I don't know how to connect with the current profile - that's what I thought I did when I created a new .OST file? I've had this problem for several days so my OST file is now out of date. Once I get things running I obviously want my active mailbox to update the OST, not the other way around.

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  • Recommendation for robust, customizable, open source, Java servlet-based forum software?

    - by Erik Hermansen
    There is a lot of forum software out there, but it seems to me that a lot of the popular choices are PHP-based. And for my project, I'd like something based on Java servlets so my team can make customizations to it. Another important feature is that I can completely change the pages to hide unwanted elements without too much work. So I'm looking either for a template system or easily editable scripts (i.e. JSPs) that have a clean view separation. Just having skin changes or CSS customization is not enough. I understand that if I have open source, I can change anything I want, but my point is that it should be easy and not requiring mastery of a complex code base. Finally, I want something that has been around for at least a year and deployed on some high-traffic sites. Clustering support (one database, multiple web servers) is highly desirable. Up-time is crucial since I have an SLA to support. What do you think?

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  • Can not open ports in iptables on CentOS 5??

    - by abszero
    I am trying to open up ports in CentOS's firewall and am having a terrible go at it. I have followed the "HowTo" here: http://wiki.centos.org/HowTos/Network/IPTables as well as a few other places on the Net but I still can't get the bloody thing to work. Basically I wanted to get two things working: VNC and Apache over the internal network. The problem is that the firewall is blocking all attempts to connect to these services. Now if I issue service iptables stop and then try to access the server via VNC or hit the webserver everything works as expected. However the moment I turn iptables back on all of my access is blocked. Below is a truncated version of my iptables file as it appears in vi -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 5801 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 5901 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 6001 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 5900 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT Really I would just be happy if I could get port 80 opened up for Apache since I can do most stuff via putty but if I could figure out VNC as well that would be cool. As far as VNC goes there is just a single/user desktop that I am trying to connect to via: [ipaddress]:1 Any help would be greatly appreciated!

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  • Windows 7 mouse multi selection on windows explorer with CTRL and point to select / single click to open

    - by bortao
    This is something that have annoyed me since i changed to Windows 7. I don't do double click for a long time now since windows introduced 1 click selection (Folder Options Click items as follows Single click to open an item). The problem is, when i click Control and hover over the items, they select/deselect automatically every small amount of mouse movement i make. What i want is to select/deselect the items only when i enter/exit them. So to deselect an item im hovering, i have to move the mouse out of it, and then back in. I'm using Intellimouse Explorer official drivers. (edit) Here's another related annoyance: When you are hovering something and move the mouse inside other item (Holding Ctrl) The new item may or may not be selected. If you continue moving the mouse it gets selected/deselected as you move. (more edit) I have found that the parameter HKCU\Control Panel\Mouse\MouseHoverHeight / MouseHoverWidth have some influence here. If it's set to 2, the item select/deselect really quickly as you move the mouse. When set to larger numbers, its slower. But setting to 20 or 200 don't seem to be much different.

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  • Made a .dmg for a project; user can't open it - "no mountable file systems"

    - by dragonridingsorceress
    Hello, We don't know a great deal about Macs. We had to make an installer, and were told to try a .dmg So we put together version 1, and it seemed to work. We had one application file, which had our icon, and one folder. The user was instructed to drag these into the Applications folder, of which there was the Mac version of a shortcut in the dmg. Then we were told we needed to update files, and assured that we could do so via drag-and-drop. So we did; we dragged them into the folder in the dmg. We tested it (on the computer we were using to edit the dmg) and it seemed to work. So we burnt it onto a disk (along with a windows installer that actually works!). I've just gotten an email from the recipient. She's got a Mac laptop. She inserted the disk, doubleclicked on it, doubleclicked on the .dmg, and got a Warning: no mountable file systems. Screenshot: http://www.flickr.com/photos/97292258@N00/5101670174/ I have the dmg (not on a disk) and am able to open it with no difficulty. How can we get it to work for our recipient?

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  • ms excel 2010 in windows xp - when open workbook the data is formatted differently than when i saved it

    - by Justin
    I haven't been able to find an answer to this. I have multiple files that I use regularly in excel that now have cell formats of "date". Every single cell in the entire workbook (all sheets) is now formatted as "date". The problem is that I lost my formatting for percents, numbers years, etc and now everything is converted to date (xx/xx/xxxx). I am able to open previously saved versions of a file (prior to me having the problem) and the cells are formatted as I intend them to be (percents, numbers, general, as well as dates). Since this has happened on a couple different files recently, I am wondering how this is happening and how do I prevent it from happening in the future. I cannot cure the problem just by highlighting the entire sheet and converting back to general because I lose all my percents and number formatting. Example (Correct formatting): Month Year Working Days MTD POS Curr Rem May 2012 22 0 1,553,549 June 2012 22 0 1,516,903 June 2011 22 0 1,555,512 June 2010 22 0 1,584,704 Example (Incorrect formatting): Month Year Working Days MTD POS Curr Rem June Tuesday, July 04, 1905 Wednesday, January 04, 1900 Wednesday, January 18, 1900 213,320 July Tuesday, July 04, 1905 Wednesday, January 04, 1900 Monday, January 16, 1900 314,261 July Monday, July 03, 1905 Wednesday, January 04, 1900 Sunday, January 15, 1900 447,759 July Sunday, July 02, 1905 Wednesday, January 04, 1900 Monday, January 16, 1900 321,952 Sorry for the mess. Any suggestions?

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  • Security Token for Mac/Linux/Windows, self-managed, pref. open source?

    - by DevelopersDevelopersDevelopers
    I'm looking to buy an evaluation security token (combined smart card/usb reader) for my business that works on: Windows 7 x64 OS X 10.6.x x64 Ubuntu Linux (64 or 32 bit, 10.04 or 10.10, I can bend based on possible tokens) Functionality I need is: Login authentication Authentication for whole-disk encryption (in Linux/Windows, Mac is flexible here) Signing/encryption using PGP and x.509 certificates RSA-2048 key-capable (1024 not good enough.) I can manage the certificates myself Open source middleware/drivers (not necessarily FOSS, just source available. Can flex on this, I just want to be able to audit the code. OpenSC-compatible on Linux would be great.) Is there any token that can do all of this? Or would I need multiple ones to accomplish this? Or do I need to look at smart cards and readers to get this? I have been researching this for a while and have had a heck of a time even getting accurate information about products. Also, I am in the USA, and it appears that EU export laws prevent me from buying from there, so those vendors are out. I was looking at Feitian tokens from Gooze, but since they are in France I can't buy.

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  • Node.js Adventure - When Node Flying in Wind

    - by Shaun
    In the first post of this series I mentioned some popular modules in the community, such as underscore, async, etc.. I also listed a module named “Wind (zh-CN)”, which is created by one of my friend, Jeff Zhao (zh-CN). Now I would like to use a separated post to introduce this module since I feel it brings a new async programming style in not only Node.js but JavaScript world. If you know or heard about the new feature in C# 5.0 called “async and await”, or you learnt F#, you will find the “Wind” brings the similar async programming experience in JavaScript. By using “Wind”, we can write async code that looks like the sync code. The callbacks, async stats and exceptions will be handled by “Wind” automatically and transparently.   What’s the Problem: Dense “Callback” Phobia Let’s firstly back to my second post in this series. As I mentioned in that post, when we wanted to read some records from SQL Server we need to open the database connection, and then execute the query. In Node.js all IO operation are designed as async callback pattern which means when the operation was done, it will invoke a function which was taken from the last parameter. For example the database connection opening code would be like this. 1: sql.open(connectionString, function(error, conn) { 2: if(error) { 3: // some error handling code 4: } 5: else { 6: // connection opened successfully 7: } 8: }); And then if we need to query the database the code would be like this. It nested in the previous function. 1: sql.open(connectionString, function(error, conn) { 2: if(error) { 3: // some error handling code 4: } 5: else { 6: // connection opened successfully 7: conn.queryRaw(command, function(error, results) { 8: if(error) { 9: // failed to execute this command 10: } 11: else { 12: // records retrieved successfully 13: } 14: }; 15: } 16: }); Assuming if we need to copy some data from this database to another then we need to open another connection and execute the command within the function under the query function. 1: sql.open(connectionString, function(error, conn) { 2: if(error) { 3: // some error handling code 4: } 5: else { 6: // connection opened successfully 7: conn.queryRaw(command, function(error, results) { 8: if(error) { 9: // failed to execute this command 10: } 11: else { 12: // records retrieved successfully 13: target.open(targetConnectionString, function(error, t_conn) { 14: if(error) { 15: // connect failed 16: } 17: else { 18: t_conn.queryRaw(copy_command, function(error, results) { 19: if(error) { 20: // copy failed 21: } 22: else { 23: // and then, what do you want to do now... 24: } 25: }; 26: } 27: }; 28: } 29: }; 30: } 31: }); This is just an example. In the real project the logic would be more complicated. This means our application might be messed up and the business process will be fragged by many callback functions. I would like call this “Dense Callback Phobia”. This might be a challenge how to make code straightforward and easy to read, something like below. 1: try 2: { 3: // open source connection 4: var s_conn = sqlConnect(s_connectionString); 5: // retrieve data 6: var results = sqlExecuteCommand(s_conn, s_command); 7: 8: // open target connection 9: var t_conn = sqlConnect(t_connectionString); 10: // prepare the copy command 11: var t_command = getCopyCommand(results); 12: // execute the copy command 13: sqlExecuteCommand(s_conn, t_command); 14: } 15: catch (ex) 16: { 17: // error handling 18: }   What’s the Problem: Sync-styled Async Programming Similar as the previous problem, the callback-styled async programming model makes the upcoming operation as a part of the current operation, and mixed with the error handling code. So it’s very hard to understand what on earth this code will do. And since Node.js utilizes non-blocking IO mode, we cannot invoke those operations one by one, as they will be executed concurrently. For example, in this post when I tried to copy the records from Windows Azure SQL Database (a.k.a. WASD) to Windows Azure Table Storage, if I just insert the data into table storage one by one and then print the “Finished” message, I will see the message shown before the data had been copied. This is because all operations were executed at the same time. In order to make the copy operation and print operation executed synchronously I introduced a module named “async” and the code was changed as below. 1: async.forEach(results.rows, 2: function (row, callback) { 3: var resource = { 4: "PartitionKey": row[1], 5: "RowKey": row[0], 6: "Value": row[2] 7: }; 8: client.insertEntity(tableName, resource, function (error) { 9: if (error) { 10: callback(error); 11: } 12: else { 13: console.log("entity inserted."); 14: callback(null); 15: } 16: }); 17: }, 18: function (error) { 19: if (error) { 20: error["target"] = "insertEntity"; 21: res.send(500, error); 22: } 23: else { 24: console.log("all done."); 25: res.send(200, "Done!"); 26: } 27: }); It ensured that the “Finished” message will be printed when all table entities had been inserted. But it cannot promise that the records will be inserted in sequence. It might be another challenge to make the code looks like in sync-style? 1: try 2: { 3: forEach(row in rows) { 4: var entity = { /* ... */ }; 5: tableClient.insert(tableName, entity); 6: } 7:  8: console.log("Finished"); 9: } 10: catch (ex) { 11: console.log(ex); 12: }   How “Wind” Helps “Wind” is a JavaScript library which provides the control flow with plain JavaScript for asynchronous programming (and more) without additional pre-compiling steps. It’s available in NPM so that we can install it through “npm install wind”. Now let’s create a very simple Node.js application as the example. This application will take some website URLs from the command arguments and tried to retrieve the body length and print them in console. Then at the end print “Finish”. I’m going to use “request” module to make the HTTP call simple so I also need to install by the command “npm install request”. The code would be like this. 1: var request = require("request"); 2:  3: // get the urls from arguments, the first two arguments are `node.exe` and `fetch.js` 4: var args = process.argv.splice(2); 5:  6: // main function 7: var main = function() { 8: for(var i = 0; i < args.length; i++) { 9: // get the url 10: var url = args[i]; 11: // send the http request and try to get the response and body 12: request(url, function(error, response, body) { 13: if(!error && response.statusCode == 200) { 14: // log the url and the body length 15: console.log( 16: "%s: %d.", 17: response.request.uri.href, 18: body.length); 19: } 20: else { 21: // log error 22: console.log(error); 23: } 24: }); 25: } 26: 27: // finished 28: console.log("Finished"); 29: }; 30:  31: // execute the main function 32: main(); Let’s execute this application. (I made them in multi-lines for better reading.) 1: node fetch.js 2: "http://www.igt.com/us-en.aspx" 3: "http://www.igt.com/us-en/games.aspx" 4: "http://www.igt.com/us-en/cabinets.aspx" 5: "http://www.igt.com/us-en/systems.aspx" 6: "http://www.igt.com/us-en/interactive.aspx" 7: "http://www.igt.com/us-en/social-gaming.aspx" 8: "http://www.igt.com/support.aspx" Below is the output. As you can see the finish message was printed at the beginning, and the pages’ length retrieved in a different order than we specified. This is because in this code the request command, console logging command are executed asynchronously and concurrently. Now let’s introduce “Wind” to make them executed in order, which means it will request the websites one by one, and print the message at the end.   First of all we need to import the “Wind” package and make sure the there’s only one global variant named “Wind”, and ensure it’s “Wind” instead of “wind”. 1: var Wind = require("wind");   Next, we need to tell “Wind” which code will be executed asynchronously so that “Wind” can control the execution process. In this case the “request” operation executed asynchronously so we will create a “Task” by using a build-in helps function in “Wind” named Wind.Async.Task.create. 1: var requestBodyLengthAsync = function(url) { 2: return Wind.Async.Task.create(function(t) { 3: request(url, function(error, response, body) { 4: if(error || response.statusCode != 200) { 5: t.complete("failure", error); 6: } 7: else { 8: var data = 9: { 10: uri: response.request.uri.href, 11: length: body.length 12: }; 13: t.complete("success", data); 14: } 15: }); 16: }); 17: }; The code above created a “Task” from the original request calling code. In “Wind” a “Task” means an operation will be finished in some time in the future. A “Task” can be started by invoke its start() method, but no one knows when it actually will be finished. The Wind.Async.Task.create helped us to create a task. The only parameter is a function where we can put the actual operation in, and then notify the task object it’s finished successfully or failed by using the complete() method. In the code above I invoked the request method. If it retrieved the response successfully I set the status of this task as “success” with the URL and body length. If it failed I set this task as “failure” and pass the error out.   Next, we will change the main() function. In “Wind” if we want a function can be controlled by Wind we need to mark it as “async”. This should be done by using the code below. 1: var main = eval(Wind.compile("async", function() { 2: })); When the application is running, Wind will detect “eval(Wind.compile(“async”, function” and generate an anonymous code from the body of this original function. Then the application will run the anonymous code instead of the original one. In our example the main function will be like this. 1: var main = eval(Wind.compile("async", function() { 2: for(var i = 0; i < args.length; i++) { 3: try 4: { 5: var result = $await(requestBodyLengthAsync(args[i])); 6: console.log( 7: "%s: %d.", 8: result.uri, 9: result.length); 10: } 11: catch (ex) { 12: console.log(ex); 13: } 14: } 15: 16: console.log("Finished"); 17: })); As you can see, when I tried to request the URL I use a new command named “$await”. It tells Wind, the operation next to $await will be executed asynchronously, and the main thread should be paused until it finished (or failed). So in this case, my application will be pause when the first response was received, and then print its body length, then try the next one. At the end, print the finish message.   Finally, execute the main function. The full code would be like this. 1: var request = require("request"); 2: var Wind = require("wind"); 3:  4: var args = process.argv.splice(2); 5:  6: var requestBodyLengthAsync = function(url) { 7: return Wind.Async.Task.create(function(t) { 8: request(url, function(error, response, body) { 9: if(error || response.statusCode != 200) { 10: t.complete("failure", error); 11: } 12: else { 13: var data = 14: { 15: uri: response.request.uri.href, 16: length: body.length 17: }; 18: t.complete("success", data); 19: } 20: }); 21: }); 22: }; 23:  24: var main = eval(Wind.compile("async", function() { 25: for(var i = 0; i < args.length; i++) { 26: try 27: { 28: var result = $await(requestBodyLengthAsync(args[i])); 29: console.log( 30: "%s: %d.", 31: result.uri, 32: result.length); 33: } 34: catch (ex) { 35: console.log(ex); 36: } 37: } 38: 39: console.log("Finished"); 40: })); 41:  42: main().start();   Run our new application. At the beginning we will see the compiled and generated code by Wind. Then we can see the pages were requested one by one, and at the end the finish message was printed. Below is the code Wind generated for us. As you can see the original code, the output code were shown. 1: // Original: 2: function () { 3: for(var i = 0; i < args.length; i++) { 4: try 5: { 6: var result = $await(requestBodyLengthAsync(args[i])); 7: console.log( 8: "%s: %d.", 9: result.uri, 10: result.length); 11: } 12: catch (ex) { 13: console.log(ex); 14: } 15: } 16: 17: console.log("Finished"); 18: } 19:  20: // Compiled: 21: /* async << function () { */ (function () { 22: var _builder_$0 = Wind.builders["async"]; 23: return _builder_$0.Start(this, 24: _builder_$0.Combine( 25: _builder_$0.Delay(function () { 26: /* var i = 0; */ var i = 0; 27: /* for ( */ return _builder_$0.For(function () { 28: /* ; i < args.length */ return i < args.length; 29: }, function () { 30: /* ; i ++) { */ i ++; 31: }, 32: /* try { */ _builder_$0.Try( 33: _builder_$0.Delay(function () { 34: /* var result = $await(requestBodyLengthAsync(args[i])); */ return _builder_$0.Bind(requestBodyLengthAsync(args[i]), function (result) { 35: /* console.log("%s: %d.", result.uri, result.length); */ console.log("%s: %d.", result.uri, result.length); 36: return _builder_$0.Normal(); 37: }); 38: }), 39: /* } catch (ex) { */ function (ex) { 40: /* console.log(ex); */ console.log(ex); 41: return _builder_$0.Normal(); 42: /* } */ }, 43: null 44: ) 45: /* } */ ); 46: }), 47: _builder_$0.Delay(function () { 48: /* console.log("Finished"); */ console.log("Finished"); 49: return _builder_$0.Normal(); 50: }) 51: ) 52: ); 53: /* } */ })   How Wind Works Someone may raise a big concern when you find I utilized “eval” in my code. Someone may assume that Wind utilizes “eval” to execute some code dynamically while “eval” is very low performance. But I would say, Wind does NOT use “eval” to run the code. It only use “eval” as a flag to know which code should be compiled at runtime. When the code was firstly been executed, Wind will check and find “eval(Wind.compile(“async”, function”. So that it knows this function should be compiled. Then it utilized parse-js to analyze the inner JavaScript and generated the anonymous code in memory. Then it rewrite the original code so that when the application was running it will use the anonymous one instead of the original one. Since the code generation was done at the beginning of the application was started, in the future no matter how long our application runs and how many times the async function was invoked, it will use the generated code, no need to generate again. So there’s no significant performance hurt when using Wind.   Wind in My Previous Demo Let’s adopt Wind into one of my previous demonstration and to see how it helps us to make our code simple, straightforward and easy to read and understand. In this post when I implemented the functionality that copied the records from my WASD to table storage, the logic would be like this. 1, Open database connection. 2, Execute a query to select all records from the table. 3, Recreate the table in Windows Azure table storage. 4, Create entities from each of the records retrieved previously, and then insert them into table storage. 5, Finally, show message as the HTTP response. But as the image below, since there are so many callbacks and async operations, it’s very hard to understand my logic from the code. Now let’s use Wind to rewrite our code. First of all, of course, we need the Wind package. Then we need to include the package files into project and mark them as “Copy always”. Add the Wind package into the source code. Pay attention to the variant name, you must use “Wind” instead of “wind”. 1: var express = require("express"); 2: var async = require("async"); 3: var sql = require("node-sqlserver"); 4: var azure = require("azure"); 5: var Wind = require("wind"); Now we need to create some async functions by using Wind. All async functions should be wrapped so that it can be controlled by Wind which are open database, retrieve records, recreate table (delete and create) and insert entity in table. Below are these new functions. All of them are created by using Wind.Async.Task.create. 1: sql.openAsync = function (connectionString) { 2: return Wind.Async.Task.create(function (t) { 3: sql.open(connectionString, function (error, conn) { 4: if (error) { 5: t.complete("failure", error); 6: } 7: else { 8: t.complete("success", conn); 9: } 10: }); 11: }); 12: }; 13:  14: sql.queryAsync = function (conn, query) { 15: return Wind.Async.Task.create(function (t) { 16: conn.queryRaw(query, function (error, results) { 17: if (error) { 18: t.complete("failure", error); 19: } 20: else { 21: t.complete("success", results); 22: } 23: }); 24: }); 25: }; 26:  27: azure.recreateTableAsync = function (tableName) { 28: return Wind.Async.Task.create(function (t) { 29: client.deleteTable(tableName, function (error, successful, response) { 30: console.log("delete table finished"); 31: client.createTableIfNotExists(tableName, function (error, successful, response) { 32: console.log("create table finished"); 33: if (error) { 34: t.complete("failure", error); 35: } 36: else { 37: t.complete("success", null); 38: } 39: }); 40: }); 41: }); 42: }; 43:  44: azure.insertEntityAsync = function (tableName, entity) { 45: return Wind.Async.Task.create(function (t) { 46: client.insertEntity(tableName, entity, function (error, entity, response) { 47: if (error) { 48: t.complete("failure", error); 49: } 50: else { 51: t.complete("success", null); 52: } 53: }); 54: }); 55: }; Then in order to use these functions we will create a new function which contains all steps for data copying. 1: var copyRecords = eval(Wind.compile("async", function (req, res) { 2: try { 3: } 4: catch (ex) { 5: console.log(ex); 6: res.send(500, "Internal error."); 7: } 8: })); Let’s execute steps one by one with the “$await” keyword introduced by Wind so that it will be invoked in sequence. First is to open the database connection. 1: var copyRecords = eval(Wind.compile("async", function (req, res) { 2: try { 3: // connect to the windows azure sql database 4: var conn = $await(sql.openAsync(connectionString)); 5: console.log("connection opened"); 6: } 7: catch (ex) { 8: console.log(ex); 9: res.send(500, "Internal error."); 10: } 11: })); Then retrieve all records from the database connection. 1: var copyRecords = eval(Wind.compile("async", function (req, res) { 2: try { 3: // connect to the windows azure sql database 4: var conn = $await(sql.openAsync(connectionString)); 5: console.log("connection opened"); 6: // retrieve all records from database 7: var results = $await(sql.queryAsync(conn, "SELECT * FROM [Resource]")); 8: console.log("records selected. count = %d", results.rows.length); 9: } 10: catch (ex) { 11: console.log(ex); 12: res.send(500, "Internal error."); 13: } 14: })); After recreated the table, we need to create the entities and insert them into table storage. 1: var copyRecords = eval(Wind.compile("async", function (req, res) { 2: try { 3: // connect to the windows azure sql database 4: var conn = $await(sql.openAsync(connectionString)); 5: console.log("connection opened"); 6: // retrieve all records from database 7: var results = $await(sql.queryAsync(conn, "SELECT * FROM [Resource]")); 8: console.log("records selected. count = %d", results.rows.length); 9: if (results.rows.length > 0) { 10: // recreate the table 11: $await(azure.recreateTableAsync(tableName)); 12: console.log("table created"); 13: // insert records in table storage one by one 14: for (var i = 0; i < results.rows.length; i++) { 15: var entity = { 16: "PartitionKey": results.rows[i][1], 17: "RowKey": results.rows[i][0], 18: "Value": results.rows[i][2] 19: }; 20: $await(azure.insertEntityAsync(tableName, entity)); 21: console.log("entity inserted"); 22: } 23: } 24: } 25: catch (ex) { 26: console.log(ex); 27: res.send(500, "Internal error."); 28: } 29: })); Finally, send response back to the browser. 1: var copyRecords = eval(Wind.compile("async", function (req, res) { 2: try { 3: // connect to the windows azure sql database 4: var conn = $await(sql.openAsync(connectionString)); 5: console.log("connection opened"); 6: // retrieve all records from database 7: var results = $await(sql.queryAsync(conn, "SELECT * FROM [Resource]")); 8: console.log("records selected. count = %d", results.rows.length); 9: if (results.rows.length > 0) { 10: // recreate the table 11: $await(azure.recreateTableAsync(tableName)); 12: console.log("table created"); 13: // insert records in table storage one by one 14: for (var i = 0; i < results.rows.length; i++) { 15: var entity = { 16: "PartitionKey": results.rows[i][1], 17: "RowKey": results.rows[i][0], 18: "Value": results.rows[i][2] 19: }; 20: $await(azure.insertEntityAsync(tableName, entity)); 21: console.log("entity inserted"); 22: } 23: // send response 24: console.log("all done"); 25: res.send(200, "All done!"); 26: } 27: } 28: catch (ex) { 29: console.log(ex); 30: res.send(500, "Internal error."); 31: } 32: })); If we compared with the previous code we will find now it became more readable and much easy to understand. It’s very easy to know what this function does even though without any comments. When user go to URL “/was/copyRecords” we will execute the function above. The code would be like this. 1: app.get("/was/copyRecords", function (req, res) { 2: copyRecords(req, res).start(); 3: }); And below is the logs printed in local compute emulator console. As we can see the functions executed one by one and then finally the response back to me browser.   Scaffold Functions in Wind Wind provides not only the async flow control and compile functions, but many scaffold methods as well. We can build our async code more easily by using them. I’m going to introduce some basic scaffold functions here. In the code above I created some functions which wrapped from the original async function such as open database, create table, etc.. All of them are very similar, created a task by using Wind.Async.Task.create, return error or result object through Task.complete function. In fact, Wind provides some functions for us to create task object from the original async functions. If the original async function only has a callback parameter, we can use Wind.Async.Binding.fromCallback method to get the task object directly. For example the code below returned the task object which wrapped the file exist check function. 1: var Wind = require("wind"); 2: var fs = require("fs"); 3:  4: fs.existsAsync = Wind.Async.Binding.fromCallback(fs.exists); In Node.js a very popular async function pattern is that, the first parameter in the callback function represent the error object, and the other parameters is the return values. In this case we can use another build-in function in Wind named Wind.Async.Binding.fromStandard. For example, the open database function can be created from the code below. 1: sql.openAsync = Wind.Async.Binding.fromStandard(sql.open); 2:  3: /* 4: sql.openAsync = function (connectionString) { 5: return Wind.Async.Task.create(function (t) { 6: sql.open(connectionString, function (error, conn) { 7: if (error) { 8: t.complete("failure", error); 9: } 10: else { 11: t.complete("success", conn); 12: } 13: }); 14: }); 15: }; 16: */ When I was testing the scaffold functions under Wind.Async.Binding I found for some functions, such as the Azure SDK insert entity function, cannot be processed correctly. So I personally suggest writing the wrapped method manually.   Another scaffold method in Wind is the parallel tasks coordination. In this example, the steps of open database, retrieve records and recreated table should be invoked one by one, but it can be executed in parallel when copying data from database to table storage. In Wind there’s a scaffold function named Task.whenAll which can be used here. Task.whenAll accepts a list of tasks and creates a new task. It will be returned only when all tasks had been completed, or any errors occurred. For example in the code below I used the Task.whenAll to make all copy operation executed at the same time. 1: var copyRecordsInParallel = eval(Wind.compile("async", function (req, res) { 2: try { 3: // connect to the windows azure sql database 4: var conn = $await(sql.openAsync(connectionString)); 5: console.log("connection opened"); 6: // retrieve all records from database 7: var results = $await(sql.queryAsync(conn, "SELECT * FROM [Resource]")); 8: console.log("records selected. count = %d", results.rows.length); 9: if (results.rows.length > 0) { 10: // recreate the table 11: $await(azure.recreateTableAsync(tableName)); 12: console.log("table created"); 13: // insert records in table storage in parallal 14: var tasks = new Array(results.rows.length); 15: for (var i = 0; i < results.rows.length; i++) { 16: var entity = { 17: "PartitionKey": results.rows[i][1], 18: "RowKey": results.rows[i][0], 19: "Value": results.rows[i][2] 20: }; 21: tasks[i] = azure.insertEntityAsync(tableName, entity); 22: } 23: $await(Wind.Async.Task.whenAll(tasks)); 24: // send response 25: console.log("all done"); 26: res.send(200, "All done!"); 27: } 28: } 29: catch (ex) { 30: console.log(ex); 31: res.send(500, "Internal error."); 32: } 33: })); 34:  35: app.get("/was/copyRecordsInParallel", function (req, res) { 36: copyRecordsInParallel(req, res).start(); 37: });   Besides the task creation and coordination, Wind supports the cancellation solution so that we can send the cancellation signal to the tasks. It also includes exception solution which means any exceptions will be reported to the caller function.   Summary In this post I introduced a Node.js module named Wind, which created by my friend Jeff Zhao. As you can see, different from other async library and framework, adopted the idea from F# and C#, Wind utilizes runtime code generation technology to make it more easily to write async, callback-based functions in a sync-style way. By using Wind there will be almost no callback, and the code will be very easy to understand. Currently Wind is still under developed and improved. There might be some problems but the author, Jeff, should be very happy and enthusiastic to learn your problems, feedback, suggestion and comments. You can contact Jeff by - Email: [email protected] - Group: https://groups.google.com/d/forum/windjs - GitHub: https://github.com/JeffreyZhao/wind/issues   Source code can be download here.   Hope this helps, Shaun All documents and related graphics, codes are provided "AS IS" without warranty of any kind. Copyright © Shaun Ziyan Xu. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons License.

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