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• Is it possible to create a null function that will not produce warnings?

  - by bbazso

  I have a logger in a c++ application that uses defines as follows: #define FINEST(...) Logger::Log(FINEST, _FILE, __LINE, __func, __VA_ARGS_) However what I would like to do is to be able to switch off these logs since they have a serious performance impact on my system. And, it's not sufficient to simply have my Logger not write to the system log. I really need to get rid of the code produced by the logs. In order to do this, I changed the define to: #define FINEST(...) Which works, but this produces a whole bunch of warning in my code since variables are unused now. So what I would like to have is a sort of NULL FUNCTION that would not actually exist, but would not produce warnings for the unused variables. So, said another way, I would like it to compile with no warnings (i.e. the compiler thinks that the variables are used for a function) but the function does not actually exist in the application (i.e. produces no performance hit). Is this possible? Thanks!

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• When to use reinterpret_cast?

  - by HeretoLearn

  I am little confused with the applicability of reinterpret_cast vs static_cast. From what I have read the general rules are to use static cast when the types can be interpreted at compile time hence the word static. This is the cast the C++ compiler uses internally for implicit casts also. reinterpret_cast are applicable in two scenarios, convert integer types to pointer types and vice versa or to convert one pointer type to another. The general idea I get is this is unportable and should be avoided. Where I am a little confused is one usage which I need, I am calling C++ from C and the C code needs to hold on to the C++ object so basically it holds a void*. What cast should be used to convert between the void * and the Class type? I have seen usage of both static_cast and reinterpret_cast? Though from what I have been reading it appears static is better as the cast can happen at compile time? Though it says to use reinterpret_cast to convert from one pointer type to another?

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• I want a function to return a type of the subclass its invoked from

  - by Jay

  I want to have a function defined in a superclass that returns a value of the type of the subclass that is used to invoke the function. That is, say I have class A with a function plugh. Then I create subclasses B and C that extend A. I want B.plugh to return a B and C.plugh to return a C. Yes, they could return an A, but then the caller would have to either cast it to the right subtype, which is a pain when used a lot, or declare the receiving variable to be of the supertype, which loses type safety. So I was trying to do this with generics, writing something like this: class A<T extends A> { private T foo; public T getFoo() { return foo; } } class B extends A<B> { public void calcFoo() { foo=... whatever ... } } class C extends A<C> { public void calcFoo() { foo=... whatever ... } } This appears to work but it looks pretty ugly. For one thing, I get warnings on "class A". The compiler says that A is generic and I should specify the type. I guess it wants me to say "class A". But what would I put in for x? I think I could get stuck in an infinite loop here. It seems weird to write "class B extends A", but this causes no complaints, so maybe that's just fine. Is this the right way to do it? Is there a better way?

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• How to call a generic method with an anonymous type involving generics?

  - by Alex Black

  I've got this code that works: def testTypeSpecialization = { class Foo[T] def add[T](obj: Foo[T]): Foo[T] = obj def addInt[X <% Foo[Int]](obj: X): X = { add(obj) obj } val foo = addInt(new Foo[Int] { def someMethod: String = "Hello world" }) assert(true) } But, I'd like to write it like this: def testTypeSpecialization = { class Foo[T] def add[X, T <% Foo[X](obj: T): T = obj val foo = add(new Foo[Int] { def someMethod: String = "Hello world" }) assert(true) } This second one fails to compile: no implicit argument matching parameter type (Foo[Int]{ ... }) = Foo[Nothing] was found. Basically: I'd like to create a new anonymous class/instance on the fly (e.g. new Foo[Int] { ... } ), and pass it into an "add" method which will add it to a list, and then return it The key thing here is that the variable from "val foo = " I'd like its type to be the anonymous class, not Foo[Int], since it adds methods (someMethod in this example) Any ideas? I think the 2nd one fails because the type Int is being erased. I can apparently 'hint' the compiler like this: def testTypeSpecialization = { class Foo[T] def add[X, T <% Foo[X]](dummy: X, obj: T): T = obj val foo = add(2, new Foo[Int] { def someMethod: String = "Hello world" }) assert(true) }

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• When is it possible to override top-level bindings in (R7RS) scheme?

  - by Marc

  I have read the current draft of the forthcoming R7RS scheme standard (small language), but I don't understand under which conditions it is not an error to redefine top-level bindings. I guess that it is possible to define or set! a binding that has been introduced at the top-level of a program a second time. But what about imported bindings from an external library? Is it possible to override these bindings by the standard? On page 26/27 of the report, it says: The top level of a program may also include import declarations. In a library declaration, it is an error to import the same identifier more than once with different bindings, or to redefine or mutate an imported binding with define, define-syntax or set!. However, a REPL should permit these actions. Does it mean that redefining is only an error when it does happen in libraries for imported bindings? I understand that it prohibits optimisations by compilers if the compiler does not know whether, say + still means the built-in addition or is any other user-specified error. But from this perspective, it does not make sense to restrict forbidding to rebind on the library level, when it would also make sense (at least) for imported bindings in programs. P.S.: As this is all about the environment of a scheme program: am I right in saying that environments are not first class citizens because one cannot get hold of the current environment? (Which, in turn, allows a compiled program to forget about the chosen names of the bindings.)

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• Strange Access Denied warning when running the simplest C++ program.

  - by DaveJohnston

  I am just starting to learn C++ (coming from a Java background) and I have come across something that I can't explain. I am working through the C++ Primer book and doing the exercises. Every time I get to a new exercise I create a new .cpp file and set it up with the main method (and any includes I think I will need) e.g.: #include <list> #include <vector> int main(int argc, char **args) { } and just to make sure I go to the command prompt and compile and run: g++ whatever.cpp a.exe Normally this works just fine and I start working on the exercise, but I just did it and got a strange error. It compiles fine, but when I run it it says Access Denied and AVG pops up telling me that a threat has been detected 'Trojan Horse Generic 17.CKZT'. I tried compiling again using the Microsoft Compiler (cl.exe) and it runs fines. So I went back, and added: #include <iostream> compiled using g++ and ran. This time it worked fine. So can anyone tell me why AVG would report an empty main method as a trojan horse but if the iostream header is included it doesn't?

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• C++: Weird Segmentation fault.

  - by Kleas

  I am trying to print something using C++. However, I am running into a strange bug that has left me clueless, I use the following code: PRINTDLG pd; ZeroMemory(&pd, sizeof(pd)); pd.lStructSize = sizeof(pd); pd.Flags = PD_RETURNDEFAULT; PrintDlg(&pd); // Set landscape DEVMODE* pDevMode = (DEVMODE*)GlobalLock(pd.hDevMode); pDevMode->dmOrientation = DMORIENT_LANDSCAPE; pd.hwndOwner = mainWindow; pd.Flags = PD_RETURNDC | PD_NOSELECTION; GlobalUnlock(pd.hDevMode); if (PrintDlg(&pd)) { DOCINFO di; di.cbSize = sizeof(DOCINFO); di.lpszDocName = "Test Print"; di.lpszOutput = (LPTSTR)NULL; di.fwType = 0; //start printing StartDoc(pd.hDC, &di); int a; int b; int c; int d; int e; int f; // int g; // Uncomment this -> CRASH EndDoc(pd.hDC); DeleteDC(pd.hDC); } else { cout << "Did not print: " << CommDlgExtendedError() << endl; } The moment I uncomment 'int g;' I get a: "Program received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault." I use codeblocks and the mingw compiler, both up to date. What could be causing this?

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• How can I store and access a filehandle in a Perl class?

  - by Haiyuan Zhang

  please look at the following code first. #! /usr/bin/perl package foo; sub new { my $pkg = shift; my $self = {}; my $self->{_fd} = undef; bless $self, $pkg; return $self; } sub Setfd { my $self = shift; my $fd = shift; $self_->{_fd} = $fd; } sub write { my $self = shift; print $self->{_fd} "hello word"; } my $foo = new foo; My intention is to store a file handle within a class using hash. the file handle is undefined at first, but can be initilized afterwards by calling Setfd function. then write can be called to actually write string "hello word" to a file indicated by the file handle, supposed that the file handle is the result of a success "write" open. but, perl compiler just complains that there are syntax error in the "print" line. can anyone of you tells me what's wrong here? thanks in advance.

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• How is the C++ synthesized move constructor affected by volatile and virtual members?

  - by user1827766

  Look at the following code: struct node { node(); //node(const node&); //#1 //node(node&&); //#2 virtual //#3 ~node (); node* volatile //#4 next; }; main() { node m(node()); //#5 node n=node(); //#6 } When compiled with gcc-4.6.1 it produces the following error: g++ -g --std=c++0x -c -o node.o node.cc node.cc: In constructor node::node(node&&): node.cc:3:8: error: expression node::next has side-effects node.cc: In function int main(): node.cc:18:14: note: synthesized method node::node(node&&) first required here As I understand the compiler fails to create default move or copy constructor on line #6, if I uncomment either line #1 or #2 it compiles fine, that is clear. The code compiles fine without c++0x option, so the error is related to default move constructor. However, what in the node class prevents default move constructor to be created? If I comment any of the lines #3 or #4 (i.e. make the destructor non-virtual or make data member non-volatile) it compiles again, so is it the combination of these two makes it not to compile? Another puzzle, line #5 does not cause an compilation error, what is different from line #6? Is it all specific for gcc? or gcc-4.6.1?

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• Windows App. Thread Aborting Issue

  - by Patrick

  I'm working on an application that has to make specific decisions based on files that are placed into a folder being watched by a file watcher. Part of this decision making process involves renaming files before moving them off to another folder to be processed. Since I'm working with files of all different sizes I created an object that checks the file in a seperate thread to verify that it is "available" and when it is it fires an event. When I run the rename code from inside this available event it works. public void RenameFile_Test() { string psFilePath = @"C:\File1.xlsx"; tgt_File target = new FileObject(psFilePath); target.FileAvailable += new FileEventHandler(OnFileAvailable); target.FileUnAvailable += new FileEventHandler(OnFileUnavailable); } private void OnFileAvailable(object source, FileEventArgs e) { ((FileObject)source).RenameFile(@"C:\File2.xlsx"); } The problem I'm running into is that when the extensions are different from the source file and the rename to file I am making a call to a conversion factory that returns a factory object based on the type of conversion and then converts the file accordingly before doing the rename. When I run that particular piece of code in unit test it works, the factory object is returned, and the conversion happens correctly. But when I run it within the process I get up to the... moExcelApp = new Application(); part of converting an .xls or .xlsx to a .csv and i get a "Thread was being Aborted" error. Any thoughts? Update: There is a bit more information and a bit of map of how the application works currently. Client Application running FSW On File Created event Creates a FileObject passing in the path of the file. On construction the file is validated: if file exists is true then, Thread toAvailableCheck = new Thread(new ThreadStart(AvailableCheck)); toAvailableCheck.Start(); The AvailableCheck Method repeatedly tries to open a streamreader to the file until the reader is either created or the number of attempts times out. If the reader is opened, it fires the FileAvailable event, if not it fires the FileUnAvailable event, passing back itself in the event. The client application is wired to catch those events from inside the Oncreated event of the FSW. the OnFileAvailable method then calls the rename functionality which contains the excel interop call. If the file is being renamed (not converted, extensions stay the same) it does a move to change the name from the old file name to the new, and if its a conversion it runs a conversion factory object which returns the correct type of conversion based on the extensions of the source file and the destination file name. If it is a simple rename it works w/o a problem. If its a conversion (which is the XLS to CSV object that is returned as a part of the factory) the very first thing it does is create a new application object. That is where the application bombs. When i test the factory and conversion/rename process outside of the thread and in its own unit test the process works w/o a problem. Update: I tested the Excel Interop inside a thread by doing this: [TestMethod()] public void ExcelInteropTest() { Thread toExcelInteropThreadTest = new Thread(new ThreadStart(Instantiate_App)); toExcelInteropThreadTest.Start(); } private void Instantiate_App() { Application moExcelApp = new Application(); moExcelApp.Quit(); } And on the line where the application is instatntiated I got the 'A first chance exception of type 'System.Threading.ThreadAbortException' error. So I added; toExcelInteropThreadTest.SetApartmentState(ApartmentState.MTA); after the thread instantiation and before the thread start call and still got the same error. I'm getting the notion that I'm going to have to reconsider the design.

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• uninitialized local variable

  - by blitzeus

  This code compiles and runs though gives a Microsoft compiler error that I cant fix warning C4700: uninitialized local variable 'ptr4D' used. This is in the last line of the code, I think #include <iostream> using namespace std; const int DIM0 = 2, DIM1 = 3, DIM2 = 4, DIM3 = 5; void TestDeclar(); int main(){ TestDeclar(); cout << "Done!\n"; return 0; } void TestDeclar(){ //24 - array of 5 floats float xa[DIM3], xb[DIM3], xc[DIM3], xd[DIM3], xe[DIM3], xf[DIM3]; float xg[DIM3], xh[DIM3], xi[DIM3], xj[DIM3], xk[DIM3], xl[DIM3]; float xm[DIM3], xn[DIM3], xo[DIM3], xp[DIM3], xq[DIM3], xr[DIM3]; float xs[DIM3], xt[DIM3], xu[DIM3], xv[DIM3], xw[DIM3], xx[DIM3]; //6 - array of 4 pointers to floats float *ya[DIM2] = {xa, xb, xc, xd}, *yb[DIM2] = {xe, xf, xg, xh}; float *yc[DIM2] = {xi, xj, xk, xl}, *yd[DIM2] = {xm, xn, xo, xp}; float *ye[DIM2] = {xq, xr, xs, xt}, *yf[DIM2] = {xu, xv, xw, xx}; //2 - array of 3 pointers to pointers of floats float **za[DIM1] = {ya, yb, yc}; float **zb[DIM1] = {yd, ye, yf}; //array of 2 pointers to pointers to pointers of floats float ***ptr4D[DIM0] = {za, zb}; cout << &***ptr4D[DIM0] << '\n'; }

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• How good idea is it to use code contracts in Visual Studio 2010 Professional (ie. no static checking

  - by Lasse V. Karlsen

  I create class libraries, some which are used by others around the world, and now that I'm starting to use Visual Studio 2010 I'm wondering how good idea it is for me to switch to using code contracts, instead of regular old-style if-statements. ie. instead of this: if (String.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(fileName)) throw new ArgumentNullException("fileName"); (yes, I know, if it is whitespace, it isn't strictly null) use this: Contract.Requires(!String.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(fileName)); The reason I'm asking is that I know that the static checker is not available to me, so I'm a bit nervous about some assumptions that I make, that the compiler cannot verify. This might lead to the class library not compiling for someone that downloads it, when they have the static checker. This, coupled with the fact that I cannot even reproduce the problem, would make it tiresome to fix, and I would gather that it doesn't speak volumes to the quality of my class library if it seemingly doesn't even compile out of the box. So I have a few questions: Is the static checker on by default if you have access to it? Or is there a setting I need to switch on in the class library (and since I don't have the static checker, I won't) Are my fears unwarranted? Is the above scenario a real problem? Any advice would be welcome.

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• Should constant contructor aguments be passed by reference or value?

  - by Mike

  When const values are passed to an object construct should they be passed by reference or value? If you pass by value and the arguments are immediately fed to initializes are two copies being made? Is this something that the compiler will automatically take care of. I have noticed that all textbook examples of constructors and intitializers pass by value but this seems inefficient to me. class Point { public: int x; int y; Point(const int _x, const int _y) : x(_x), y(_y) {} }; int main() { const int a = 1, b = 2; Point p(a,b); Point q(3,5); cout << p.x << "," << p.y << endl; cout << q.x << "," << q.y << endl; } vs. class Point { public: int x; int y; Point(const int& _x, const int& _y) : x(_x), y(_y) {} }; Both compile and do the same thing but which is correct?

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• Creating serializeable unique compile-time identifiers for arbitrary UDT's.

  - by Endiannes

  I would like a generic way to create unique compile-time identifiers for any C++ user defined types. for example: unique_id<my_type>::value == 0 // true unique_id<other_type>::value == 1 // true I've managed to implement something like this using preprocessor meta programming, the problem is, serialization is not consistent. For instance if the class template unique_id is instantiated with other_type first, then any serialization in previous revisions of my program will be invalidated. I've searched for solutions to this problem, and found several ways to implement this with non-consistent serialization if the unique values are compile-time constants. If RTTI or similar methods, like boost::sp_typeinfo are used, then the unique values are obviously not compile-time constants and extra overhead is present. An ad-hoc solution to this problem would be, instantiating all of the unique_id's in a separate header in the correct order, but this causes additional maintenance and boilerplate code, which is not different than using an enum unique_id{my_type, other_type};. A good solution to this problem would be using user-defined literals, unfortunately, as far as I know, no compiler supports them at this moment. The syntax would be 'my_type'_id; 'other_type'_id; with udl's. I'm hoping somebody knows a trick that allows implementing serialize-able unique identifiers in C++ with the current standard (C++03/C++0x), I would be happy if it works with the latest stable MSVC and GNU-G++ compilers, although I expect if there is a solution, it's not portable.

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• How can I avoid encoding mixups of strings in a C/C++ API?

  - by Frerich Raabe

  I'm working on implementing different APIs in C and C++ and wondered what techniques are available for avoiding that clients get the encoding wrong when receiving strings from the framework or passing them back. For instance, imagine a simple plugin API in C++ which customers can implement to influence translations. It might feature a function like this: const char *getTranslatedWord( const char *englishWord ); Now, let's say that I'd like to enforce that all strings are passed as UTF-8. Of course I'd document this requirement, but I'd like the compiler to enforce the right encoding, maybe by using dedicated types. For instance, something like this: class Word { public: static Word fromUtf8( const char *data ) { return Word( data ); } const char *toUtf8() { return m_data; } private: Word( const char *data ) : m_data( data ) { } const char *m_data; }; I could now use this specialized type in the API: Word getTranslatedWord( const Word &englishWord ); Unfortunately, it's easy to make this very inefficient. The Word class lacks proper copy constructors, assignment operators etc.. and I'd like to avoid unnecessary copying of data as much as possible. Also, I see the danger that Word gets extended with more and more utility functions (like length or fromLatin1 or substr etc.) and I'd rather not write Yet Another String Class. I just want a little container which avoids accidental encoding mixups. I wonder whether anybody else has some experience with this and can share some useful techniques. EDIT: In my particular case, the API is used on Windows and Linux using MSVC 6 - MSVC 10 on Windows and gcc 3 & 4 on Linux.

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• How to iterate properly across a const set?

  - by Jared

  I'm working on a program that's supposed to represent a graph. My issue is in my printAdjacencyList function. Basically, I have a Graph ADT that has a member variable "nodes", which is a map of the nodes of that graph. Each Node has a set of Edge* to the edges it is connected to. I'm trying to iterate across each node in the graph and each edge of a node. void MyGraph::printAdjacencyList() { std::map<std::string, MyNode*>::iterator mit; std::set<MyEdge*>::iterator sit; for (mit = nodes.begin(); mit != nodes.end(); mit++ ) { std::cout << mit->first << ": {"; const std::set<MyEdge*> edges = mit->second->getEdges(); for (sit = edges.begin(); sit != edges.end(); sit++) { std::pair<MyNode*, MyNode*> edgeNodes = *sit->getEndpoints(); } } std::cout << " }" << std::endl; } getEdges is declared as: const std::set<MyEdge*>& getEdges() { return edges; }; and get Endpoints is declared as: const std::pair<MyNode*, MyNode*>& getEndpoints() { return nodes; }; The compiler error I'm getting is: MyGraph.cpp:63: error: request for member `getEndpoints' in `*(&sit)->std::_Rb_tree_const_iterator<_Tp>::operator-> [with _Tp = MyEdge*]()', which is of non-class type `MyEdge* const' MyGraph.cpp:63: warning: unused variable 'edgeNodes' I have figured out that this probably means I'm misusing const somewhere, but I can't figure out where for the life of me. Any information would be appreciated. Thanks!

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• Using resources with the same name in Xcode

  - by Roberto

  Is there a way to add multiple resources with the same name to an Xcode project and have 1 of them take priority over the others? Example: I added 2 files, both called icon.png, to an Xcode project. They are on different folders in the file system (Folder1/icon.png and Folder2/icon.png) and on different groups in Xcode. Is there a way to tell Xcode to have Folder2/icon.png take priority over Folder1/icon.png? And if only 1 icon.png exists, then use that one. Thanks. EDIT (2010-12-23): You can have multiple files with the same name in an Xcode project even if they are not in separate folder references, but they are in separate groups. Once compiled, the app bundle (which will be flat with no folders in it), will only have one copy of the file (icon.png). How do you pick which copy of the file to use? I was told that you can do this for BlackBerry. It works something like this: The compiler will go down the list of files in the project and start adding them to the app bundle. If it sees a duplicate, it will overwrite it (or not), so the files at the bottom (or at the top) will have higher precedence and will be the final bundle.

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• how to write binary copy of structure array to file

  - by cerr

  I would like to write a binary image of a structure array to a binary file. I have tried this so far: #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #define NUM 256 const char *fname="binary.bin"; typedef struct foo_s { int intA; int intB; char string[20]; }foo_t; void main (void) { foo_t bar[NUM]; bar[0].intA = 10; bar[0].intB = 999; strcpy(bar[0].string,"Hello World!"); Save(bar); printf("%s written succesfully!\n",fname); } int Save(foo_t* pData) { FILE *pFile; int ptr = 0; int itr = 0; pFile = fopen(fname, "w"); if (pFile == NULL) { printf("couldn't open %s\n", fname); return; } for (itr = 0; itr<NUM; itr++) { for (ptr=0; ptr<sizeof(foo_t); ptr++) { fputc((unsigned char)*((&pData[itr])+ptr), pFile); } fclose(pFile); } } but the compiler is saying aggregate value used where an integer was expected fputc((unsigned char)*((&pData[itr])+ptr), pFile); and I don't quite understand why, what am I doing wrong? Thanks!

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• C++ : integer constant is too large for its type

  - by user38586

  I need to bruteforce a year for an exercise. The compiler keep throwing this error: bruteforceJS12.cpp:8:28: warning: integer constant is too large for its type [enabled by default] My code is: #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main(){ unsigned long long year(0); unsigned long long result(318338237039211050000); unsigned long long pass(1337); while (pass != result) { for (unsigned long long i = 1; i<= year; i++) { pass += year * i * year; } cout << "pass not cracked with year = " << year << endl; ++year; } cout << "pass cracked with year = " << year << endl; } Note that I already tried with unsigned long long result(318338237039211050000ULL); I'm using gcc version 4.8.1 EDIT: Here is the corrected version using InfInt library http://code.google.com/p/infint/ #include <iostream> #include "InfInt.h" using namespace std; int main(){ InfInt year = "113"; InfInt result = "318338237039211050000"; InfInt pass= "1337"; while (pass != result) { for (InfInt i = 1; i<= year; i++) { pass += year * i * year; } cout << "year = " << year << " pass = " << pass << endl; ++year; } cout << "pass cracked with year = " << year << endl; }

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• Is it not possible to make a C++ application "Crash Proof"?

  - by Enno Shioji

  Let's say we have an SDK in C++ that accepts some binary data (like a picture) and does something. Is it not possible to make this SDK "crash-proof"? By crash I primarily mean forceful termination by the OS upon memory access violation, due to invalid input passed by the user (like an abnormally short junk data). I have no experience with C++, but when I googled, I found several means that sounded like a solution (use a vector instead of an array, configure the compiler so that automatic bounds check is performed, etc.). When I presented this to the developer, he said it is still not possible.. Not that I don't believe him, but if so, how is language like Java handling this? I thought the JVM performs everytime a bounds check. If so, why can't one do the same thing in C++ manually? UPDATE By "Crash proof" I don't mean that the application does not terminate. I mean it should not abruptly terminate without information of what happened (I mean it will dump core etc., but is it not possible to display a message like "Argument x was not valid" etc.?)

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• What does an object look like in memory?

  - by NeilMonday

  This is probably a really dumb question, but I will ask anyway. I am curious what an object looks like in memory. Obviously it would have to have all of its member data in it. I assume that functions for an object would not be duplicated in memory (or maybe I am wrong?). It would seem wasteful to have 999 objects in memory all with the same function defined over and over. If there is only 1 function in memory for all 999 objects, then how does each function know who's member data to modify (I specifically want to know at the low level). Is there an object pointer that gets sent to the function behind the scenes? Perhaps it is different for every compiler? Also, how does the static keyword affect this? With static member data, I would think that all 999 objects would use the exact same memory location for their static member data. Where does this get stored? Static functions I guess would also just be one place in memory, and would not have to interact with instantiated objects, which I think I understand.

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• How to keep track of call statistics? C++

  - by tf.rz

  I'm working on a project that delivers statistics to the user. I created a class called Dog, And it has several functions. Speak, woof, run, fetch, etc. I want to have a function that spits out how many times each function has been called. I'm also interested in the constructor calls and destructor calls as well. I have a header file which defines all the functions, then a separate .cc file that implements them. My question is, is there a way to keep track of how many times each function is called? I have a function called print that will fetch the "statistics" and then output them to standard output. I was considering using static integers as part of the class itself, declaring several integers to keep track of those things. I know the compiler will create a copy of the integer and initialize it to a minimum value, and then I'll increment the integers in the .cc functions. I also thought about having static integers as a global variable in the .cc. Which way is easier? Or is there a better way to do this? Any help is greatly appreciated!

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• Very simple code for number search gives me infinite loop

  - by Joshua

  Hello, I am a newbie Computer Science high school student and I have trouble with a small snippet of code. Basically, my code should perform a basic CLI search in an array of integers. However, what happens is I get what appears to be an infinite loop (BlueJ, the compiler I'm using, gets stuck and I have to reset the machine). I have set break points but I still don't quite get the problem...(I don't even understand most of the things that it tells me) Here's the offending code (assume that "ArrayUtil" works, because it does): import java.util.Scanner; public class intSearch { public static void main(String[] args) { search(); } public static void search() { int[] randomArray = ArrayUtil.randomIntArray(20, 100); Scanner searchInput = new Scanner(System.in); int searchInt = searchInput.nextInt(); if (findNumber(randomArray, searchInt) == -1) { System.out.println("Error"); }else System.out.println("Searched Number: " + findNumber(randomArray, searchInt)); } private static int findNumber(int[] searchedArray, int searchTerm) { for (int i = 0; searchedArray[i] == searchTerm && i < searchedArray.length; i++) { return i; } return -1; } } This has been bugging me for some time now...please help me identify the problem!

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• make arm architecture c library in mac

  - by gamegamelife

  I'm trying to make my own c library in Mac and include it to my iphone program. The c code is simple , like this: math.h: int myPow2(int); math.c: #include "math.h" int myPow2(int num) { return num*num; } I search how to make the c library file ( .a or .lib ..etc) seems need to use gcc compiler (Is there other methods?) so I use this command: gcc -c math.c -o math.o ar rcs libmath.a math.o And include it in iPhone Project. Now it has the problem when build xcode iphone project. "file was built for unsupported file format which is not the architecture being linked" I found some pages discuss about the problem, but no detail how to make the i386/arm architecture library. And I finally use this command to do it: gcc -arch i386 -c math.c -o math.o /Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/usr/bin/arm-apple-darwin10-gcc-4.2.1 -c math.c -o math.o I dont know if this method is correct? Or there has another method to do it?

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• Why doesn't g++ pay attention to __attribute__((pure)) for virtual functions?

  - by jchl

  According to the GCC documentation, __attribute__((pure)) tells the compiler that a function has no side-effects, and so it can be subject to common subexpression elimination. This attribute appears to work for non-virtual functions, but not for virtual functions. For example, consider the following code: extern void f( int ); class C { public: int a1(); int a2() __attribute__((pure)); virtual int b1(); virtual int b2() __attribute__((pure)); }; void test_a1( C *c ) { if( c->a1() ) { f( c->a1() ); } } void test_a2( C *c ) { if( c->a2() ) { f( c->a2() ); } } void test_b1( C *c ) { if( c->b1() ) { f( c->b1() ); } } void test_b2( C *c ) { if( c->b2() ) { f( c->b2() ); } } When compiled with optimization enabled (either -O2 or -Os), test_a2() only calls C::a2() once, but test_b2() calls b2() twice. Is there a reason for this? Is it because, even though the implementation in class C is pure, g++ can't assume that the implementation in every subclass will also be pure? If so, is there a way to tell g++ that this virtual function and every subclass's implementation will be pure?

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