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  • Advantages to Multiple Methods over Switch

    - by tandu
    I received a code review from a senior developer today asking "By the way, what is your objection to dispatching functions by way of a switch statement?" I have read in many places about how pumping an argument through switch to call methods is bad OOP, not as extensible, etc. However, I can't really come up with a definitive answer for him. I would like to settle this for myself once and for all. Here are our competing code suggestions (php used as an example, but can apply more universally): class Switch { public function go($arg) { switch ($arg) { case "one": echo "one\n"; break; case "two": echo "two\n"; break; case "three": echo "three\n"; break; default: throw new Exception("Unknown call: $arg"); break; } } } class Oop { public function go_one() { echo "one\n"; } public function go_two() { echo "two\n"; } public function go_three() { echo "three\n"; } public function __call($_, $__) { throw new Exception("Unknown call $_ with arguments: " . print_r($__, true)); } } Part of his argument was "It (switch method) has a much cleaner way of handling default cases than what you have in the generic __call() magic method." I disagree about the cleanliness and in fact prefer call, but I would like to hear what others have to say. Arguments I can come up with in support of Oop scheme: A bit cleaner in terms of the code you have to write (less, easier to read, less keywords to consider) Not all actions delegated to a single method. Not much difference in execution here, but at least the text is more compartmentalized. In the same vein, another method can be added anywhere in the class instead of a specific spot. Methods are namespaced, which is nice. Does not apply here, but consider a case where Switch::go() operated on a member rather than a parameter. You would have to change the member first, then call the method. For Oop you can call the methods independently at any time. Arguments I can come up with in support of Switch scheme: For the sake of argument, cleaner method of dealing with a default (unknown) request Seems less magical, which might make unfamiliar developers feel more comfortable Anyone have anything to add for either side? I'd like to have a good answer for him.

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  • What are some concise and comprehensive introductory guide to unit testing for a self-taught programmer [closed]

    - by Superbest
    I don't have much formal training in programming and I have learned most things by looking up solutions on the internet to practical problems I have. There are some areas which I think would be valuable to learn, but which ended up both being difficult to learn and easy to avoid learning for a self-taught programmer. Unit testing is one of them. Specifically, I am interested in tests in and for C#/.NET applications using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools in Visual Studio 2010 and/or 2012, but I really want a good introduction to the principles so language and IDE shouldn't matter much. At this time I'm interested in relatively trivial tests for small or medium sized programs (development time of weeks or months and mostly just myself developing). I don't necessarily intend to do test-driven development (I am aware that some say unit testing alone is supposed to be for developing features in TDD, and not an assurance that there are no bugs in the software, but unit testing is often the only kind of testing for which I have resources). I have found this tutorial which I feel gave me a decent idea of what unit tests and TDD looks like, but in trying to apply these ideas to my own projects, I often get confused by questions I can't answer and don't know how to answer, such as: What parts of my application and what sorts of things aren't necessarily worth testing? How fine grained should my tests be? Should they test every method and property separately, or work with a larger scope? What is a good naming convention for test methods? (since apparently the name of the method is the only way I will be able to tell from a glance at the test results table what works in my program and what doesn't) Is it bad to have many asserts in one test method? Since apparently VS2012 reports only that "an Assert.IsTrue failed within method MyTestMethod", and if MyTestMethod has 10 Assert.IsTrue statements, it will be irritating to figure out why a test is failing. If a lot of the functionality deals with writing and reading data to/from the disk in a not-exactly trivial fashion, how do I test that? If I provide a bunch of files as input by placing them in the program's directory, do I have to copy those files to the test project's bin/Debug folder now? If my program works with a large body of data and execution takes minutes or more, should my tests have it do the whole use all of the real data, a subset of it, or simulated data? If latter, how do I decide on the subset or how to simulate? Closely related to the previous point, if a class is such that its main operation happens in a state that is arrived to by the program after some involved operations (say, a class makes calculations on data derived from a few thousands of lines of code analyzing some raw data) how do I test just that class without inevitably ending up testing that class and all the other code that brings it to that state along with it? In general, what kind of approach should I use for test initialization? (hopefully that is the correct term, I mean preparing classes for testing by filling them in with appropriate data) How do I deal with private members? Do I just suck it up and assume that "not public = shouldn't be tested"? I have seen people suggest using private accessors and reflection, but these feel like clumsy and unsuited for regular use. Are these even good ideas? Is there anything like design patterns concerning testing specifically? I guess the main themes in what I'd like to learn more about are, (1) what are the overarching principles that should be followed (or at least considered) in every testing effort and (2) what are popular rules of thumb for writing tests. For example, at one point I recall hearing from someone that if a method is longer than 200 lines, it should be refactored - not a universally correct rule, but it has been quite helpful since I'd otherwise happily put hundreds of lines in single methods and then wonder why my code is so hard to read. Similarly I've found ReSharpers suggestions on member naming style and other things to be quite helpful in keeping my codebases sane. I see many resources both online and in print that talk about testing in the context of large applications (years of work, 10s of people or more). However, because I've never worked on such large projects, this context is very unfamiliar to me and makes the material difficult to follow and relate to my real world problems. Speaking of software development in general, advice given with the assumptions of large projects isn't always straightforward to apply to my own, smaller endeavors. Summary So my question is: What are some resources to learn about unit testing, for a hobbyist, self-taught programmer without much formal training? Ideally, I'm looking for a short and simple "bible of unit testing" which I can commit to memory, and then apply systematically by repeatedly asking myself "is this test following the bible of testing closely enough?" and then amending discrepancies if it doesn't.

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  • How bad does it look to have left a job soon after starting? [closed]

    - by unitedgremlin
    I have a job I would like to leave. On advice from friends and parents I have stayed. Their primary concern is that it would look bad on my resume if I left only after a few months of joining. My concerns with the job are as follows: When I started it was preferred I provide and use my own equipment. Could be out of business in a few months from lack of cash flow Poor code quality: memory leaks and lack of error handling. The same mistakes continue to be made even though I have raised the issue. It has become evident that co-workers do not understand memory management rules of the platform and are not interested in learning them. Yet, there is still surprise from them when strange bugs continue to crop up. As a result don't feel I will learn from co-workers. Plus, fixing the the lingering bugs and trying to keep up on new feature development is like a game of whack-o-mole that never ends. I don't believe in the companies vision or its ability to execute on the ideas anymore. My ideas and suggestions for very small tweaks are quickly dismissed. And so more than half or so have come back as bugs that we end up needing to address. I have been told to wait on fixing bugs in codes until we can talk to the original author. I don't feel I am allowed to take initiative to just fix/change things and do what I think is best. Everything needs consensus even for a bug fix before any work is done. I am adopting a shut-up and just do what I am told approach to save myself from ulcers. Lots of meetings (I am personally not involved in all of them which is good) but the sheer amount reminds me of days at a big corporation. Why is everyone around me always meeting? It's a small company. I can count everyone on my toes and fingers. I can say with certainty I have no interest in working with any of them again. This is the first time I have truly worked with a group of so called "B and C players". Ultimately, I think it is my fault for not doing a better job evaluating the team and company before joining. But I have generated a better set of questions when probing companies in the future. My questions are: How bad does it look to have left a job soon (few months) after starting? What would be the best way to explain my concerns and reasons for leaving without badmouthing the company? Should I stick it out to what I believe will be the soon end of the company?

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  • SCCM 2012 - Windows 8 WSUS

    - by Owen
    We're using SCCM 2012 to deploy Windows Updates on our domain, and our Windows 8 clients have started failing with error 80240438 when they try to update. Windows 7 clients update fine, but Windows 8 clients refuse to do anything. I've done a search online and it seems to only reference Windows InTune. Has anyone seen any similar behavior on Windows 8 machines? If we don't get that error, we're getting 80244021 which seems to indicate that the server can't be found.... but they can resolve it just fine and our exceptions are defined on the proxy too. A bit stuck here! 2012-11-22 14:45:28:935 476 998 Agent ********* 2012-11-22 14:45:28:935 476 998 Agent ** END ** Agent: Finding updates [CallerId = AutomaticUpdates] 2012-11-22 14:45:28:935 476 998 Agent ************* 2012-11-22 14:45:28:935 476 998 Agent WARNING: WU client failed Searching for update with error 0x80240438 2012-11-22 14:45:28:935 476 c74 AU >>## RESUMED ## AU: Search for updates [CallId = {EAECB947-48AC-43BE-8F98-C44727E4A131} ServiceId = {3DA21691-E39D-4DA6-8A4B-B43877BCB1B7}] 2012-11-22 14:45:28:935 476 c74 AU # WARNING: Search callback failed, result = 0x80240438 2012-11-22 14:45:28:935 476 c74 AU ######### 2012-11-22 14:45:28:935 476 c74 AU ## END ## AU: Search for updates [CallId = {EAECB947-48AC-43BE-8F98-C44727E4A131} ServiceId = {3DA21691-E39D-4DA6-8A4B-B43877BCB1B7}] 2012-11-22 14:45:28:935 476 c74 AU ############# 2012-11-22 14:45:28:935 476 c74 AU All AU searches complete. 2012-11-22 14:45:28:935 476 c74 AU # WARNING: Failed to find updates with error code 80240438 2012-11-22 14:45:28:935 476 c74 AU AU setting next detection timeout to 2012-11-22 04:12:23 2012-11-22 14:45:33:936 476 c9c Report REPORT EVENT: {EE35CD79-FD2A-472D-BFC9-0420F5D60C04} 2012-11-22 14:45:28:935+1300 1 148 [AGENT_DETECTION_FAILED] 101 {00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000} 0 80240438 AutomaticUpdates Failure Software Synchronization Windows Update Client failed to detect with error 0x80240438. 2012-11-22 14:45:33:938 476 c9c Report CWERReporter::HandleEvents - WER report upload completed with status 0x8 2012-11-22 14:45:33:938 476 c9c Report WER Report sent: 7.8.9200.16420 0x80240438 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000 Scan 101 Managed 2012-11-22 14:45:33:938 476 c9c Report CWERReporter finishing event handling. (00000000) Thanks in advance

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  • Active RDP session over VPN getting disconnected

    - by Wandering Penguin
    I am having seemingly random disconnects of active RDP sessions (I am actively typing or otherwise interacting with the desktop) when connected over the VPN connection. The attempted to reconnect 1/20 pops up and proceeds all the way through 20 then drops. Once the session drops I can open a new session and connect again. This started happening about a week ago, The VPN connection is an IPSec VPN connection from a SonicWall NSA 2400. The NIC drivers are up to date. The VPN client is up to date. The firmware on the SonicWall is up to date (both regular and the early-release versions work the same). I have attempted to connect over three ISPs all with the same behavior. Two different workstations were used to test the VPN connection. The same behavior occurs when connecting to a domain workstation or server. If I am within the firewall I can connect to the same workstations and servers with the disconnect. The VPN connection has "enable fragmented packet handling" and "ignore DF (don't fragment) bit" set. Is there something I am missing in where I am looking for the problem?

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  • Override <customErrors mode="Off"/> message from .NET Framework even when in web.config detailed err

    - by GrZeCh
    Hello, is this possible to override .NET Framework error: Server Error in '/' Application. Runtime Error Description: An application error occurred on the server. The current custom error settings for this application prevent the details of the application error from being viewed remotely (for security reasons). It could, however, be viewed by browsers running on the local server machine. ... <!-- Web.Config Configuration File --> <configuration> <system.web> <customErrors mode="Off"/> </system.web> </configuration> even if web.config (IIS7.5) is set to <httpErrors errorMode="Detailed"/> ? I'm asking because my default setting for IIS7 is <deployment retail="true" /> so no error is being showed and only adding additional error handling module to website will allow to see errors generated by this application and thats why I want to override this message to inform users about it. Any ideas? Thanks

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  • Recovery of Windows DFS partion with shadow copy versioned files when overwritten with older modifie

    - by patjbs
    I've noticed the following "bug" on a DFS volume with shadow copies: Pretend you have the following folders/files under shadow copy versioning, going back two weeks. MyDirectory+ MyFile - Modified Date 8/1/2009 The current date: 8/30/2009 You have another version of MyFile stored elsewhere, with a modified date of 7/1/2009. Copy your other version of MyFile into MyDirectory, overwriting the newest version. I expected that you could roll back to the version that was there when it last imaged, say on the prior day and recover your 8/1 version. Not the case. Now, when you go to look at previous versions for the past two weeks, the versioning of that file will be entirely lost, and you'll be stuck with your older 7/1 version. Suckage. Questions: (1) Is this intentional, and if so, what's the rationale? I assume that DFS picks up on the versioning based on the current file, and that's what's wiping out prior versions, but it seems like a fairly stupid/naive way of handling versioning to me. (2) Is there a way to backtrack out of this, without resorting to restoration from other backup mediums? Thanks!

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  • cPanel web servers mounting home partition to a NAS or SAN

    - by Scott
    Hello, I currently have 2 cPanel web servers that are little 1RU dual cpu quad core xeons. They have a lot of resources for processing and handling web requests, and never exceed more than 10% cpu usage. They also have plenty of RAM. The problem is though that they both have RAID 1 160Gb SAS hard disk drives in them that are 75% full, and growing by the day. I didnt think that the amount of disk usage would be so high, but due to the nature of the sites hosted, this has become an issue. The easy fix would be just to upgrade the hard drives to something bigger (probably not of the SAS variety), but I am thinking of keeping the current machines as "processing servers" and buying a central "storage server" with about 12TB of storage. The /home/ partition on each of the 1RU servers would be mounted to a NAS or SAN point on this central storage server. My questions are: - Has anyone got a cPanel setup where they mount /home/ to a NAS or SAN elsewhere? If so, can you provide details as to what you did and how it went :) - Any recommendations on networking? Is gigabit ethernet enough? Is TCP/IP going to be a noticable performance problem? Anyone used a TOE key? - Anyone benchmarked or had any performance issues with SAN over NAS? Any help greatly appreciated. Scott

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  • windows 8.1 upgrade fails with error code 0xc1900101-0x20017

    - by cmorse
    I just tried to install windows 8.1 on my laptop, but it fails to install with the message: Sorry we couldn't complete the update to Windows 8.1. We restored your previous version of Windows to this PC 0xC1900101 - 0x20017 It looks like on the first boot that the laptop is going to the PC restore screen (it asks what kind of keyboard I have, and then what repair optins I would like to take). Thus far I have just been selecting "Continue to windows 8." I'm running a Lenovo x220i tablet. I've got 43GB of free disk space. It installed just fine on my desktop. The primary difference between the two machines is that the desktop has media center install, and isn't using TrueCrypt. Full WindowsUpdate.log http://pastebin.com/hGmAW4Q1 Most important portion of WindowsUpdate.log: 2013-10-17 10:41:06:671 964 694 Agent ************* 2013-10-17 10:41:06:671 964 694 Agent ** START ** Agent: Finding updates [CallerId = AutomaticUpdates] 2013-10-17 10:41:06:671 964 694 Agent ********* 2013-10-17 10:41:06:671 964 694 Agent * Online = No; Ignore download priority = No 2013-10-17 10:41:06:671 964 694 Agent * Criteria = "IsInstalled=0 and DeploymentAction='Installation' or IsPresent=1 and DeploymentAction='Uninstallation' or IsInstalled=1 and DeploymentAction='Installation' and RebootRequired=1 or IsInstalled=0 and DeploymentAction='Uninstallation' and RebootRequired=1" 2013-10-17 10:41:06:671 964 694 Agent * ServiceID = {7971F918-A847-4430-9279-4A52D1EFE18D} Third party service 2013-10-17 10:41:06:671 964 694 Agent * Search Scope = {Machine & All Users} 2013-10-17 10:41:06:671 964 694 Agent * Caller SID for Applicability: S-1-5-18 2013-10-17 10:41:07:233 964 870 Report REPORT EVENT: {AD47FBDC-F7F9-4E7F-BAF4-DBA3784C7101} 2013-10-17 10:41:06:436-0600 1 202 [AU_REBOOT_COMPLETED] 102 {00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000} 0 0 AutomaticUpdates Success Content Install Reboot completed. 2013-10-17 10:41:07:233 964 870 Report REPORT EVENT: {8D4E7A67-9526-4702-A897-5BE5F97497AF} 2013-10-17 10:41:06:639-0600 1 204 [AGENT_INSTALLING_FAILED_POST_REBOOT] 101 {8951E70D-4332-4F7C-B92D-D9362E384959} 1 c1900101 WSAcquisition Failure Content Install Installation Failure Post Reboot. 2013-10-17 10:41:07:249 964 870 Report CWERReporter::HandleEvents - WER report upload completed with status 0x8 2013-10-17 10:41:07:249 964 870 Report WER Report sent: 7.8.9200.16715 0xc1900101(0x20017) 8951E70D-4332-4F7C-B92D-D9362E384959 Install 101 Unmanaged 2013-10-17 10:41:07:249 964 870 Report CWERReporter finishing event handling. (00000000)

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  • Ubuntu software stack to mimic Active Directory auth

    - by WickedGrey
    I'm going to have an Ubuntu 11.10 box in a customer's data center running a custom webapp. The customer will not have ssh access to the box, but will need authentication and authorization to access the webapp. The customer needs to have the option of either pointing the webapp at something that we've installed locally on the machine, or to use an Active Directory server that they have. I plan on using a standard "users belong to groups; groups have sets of permissions; the webapp requires certain permissions to respond" auth setup. What software stack can I install locally that will allow an easy switch to and from an Active Directory server, while keeping the configuration as simple as possible (both for me and the end customer)? I would like to use as much off-the-shelf software for this as possible; I do not want to be in the business of keeping user passwords secure. I could see handling the user/group/permission relationships myself if there is not a good out-of-the-box solution (but that seems highly unlikely). I will accept answers in the form of links to "here is what you need" pages, but not "here is what Kerberos does" unless that page also tells me if it's required for my use case (essentially, I know that AD can speak Kerberos, but I can't tell if I need it to, or if I can just use LDAP, or...).

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  • PAM Winbind Expired Password

    - by kernelpanic
    We've got Winbind/Kerberos setup on RHEL for AD authentication. Working fine however I noticed that when a password has expired, we get a warning but shell access is still granted. What's the proper way of handling this? Can we tell PAM to close the session once it sees the password has expired? Example: login as: ad-user [email protected]'s password: Warning: password has expired. [ad-user@server ~]$ Contents of /etc/pam.d/system-auth: auth required pam_env.so auth sufficient pam_unix.so nullok try_first_pass auth requisite pam_succeed_if.so uid >= 500 quiet auth sufficient pam_krb5.so use_first_pass auth sufficient pam_winbind.so use_first_pass auth required pam_deny.so account [default=2 success=ignore] pam_succeed_if.so quiet uid >= 10000000 account sufficient pam_succeed_if.so user ingroup AD_Admins debug account requisite pam_succeed_if.so user ingroup AD_Developers debug account required pam_access.so account required pam_unix.so broken_shadow account sufficient pam_localuser.so account sufficient pam_succeed_if.so uid < 500 quiet account [default=bad success=ok user_unknown=ignore] pam_krb5.so account [default=bad success=ok user_unknown=ignore] pam_winbind.so account required pam_permit.so password requisite pam_cracklib.so try_first_pass retry=3 password sufficient pam_unix.so md5 shadow nullok try_first_pass use_authtok password sufficient pam_krb5.so use_authtok password sufficient pam_winbind.so use_authtok password required pam_deny.so session [default=2 success=ignore] pam_succeed_if.so quiet uid >= 10000000 session sufficient pam_succeed_if.so user ingroup AD_Admins debug session requisite pam_succeed_if.so user ingroup AD_Developers debug session optional pam_mkhomedir.so umask=0077 skel=/etc/skel session optional pam_keyinit.so revoke session required pam_limits.so session optional pam_mkhomedir.so session [success=1 default=ignore] pam_succeed_if.so service in crond quiet use_uid session required pam_unix.so session optional pam_krb5.so

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  • Need help in setting lighttpd on Ubuntu 9.10

    - by hap497
    Hi, I am trying to run lighttpd on Ubuntu 9.10. I get the conf file from the doc directory of lighttpd source. $ sudo ./lighttpd -f lighttpd.conf $ ps -ef | grep lighttpd root 2094 1 0 19:40 ? 00:00:00 ./lighttpd -f lighttpd.conf This is my lighttpd.conf: $ more lighttpd.conf # lighttpd configuration file # # use it as a base for lighttpd 1.0.0 and above # # $Id: lighttpd.conf,v 1.7 2004/11/03 22:26:05 weigon Exp $ ############ Options you really have to take care of #################### ## modules to load # at least mod_access and mod_accesslog should be loaded # all other module should only be loaded if really neccesary # - saves some time # - saves memory server.modules = ( # "mod_rewrite", # "mod_redirect", # "mod_alias", "mod_access", # "mod_trigger_b4_dl", # "mod_auth", # "mod_status", # "mod_setenv", # "mod_fastcgi", # "mod_proxy", # "mod_simple_vhost", # "mod_evhost", # "mod_userdir", # "mod_cgi", # "mod_compress", # "mod_ssi", # "mod_usertrack", # "mod_expire", # "mod_secdownload", # "mod_rrdtool", "mod_accesslog" ) ## A static document-root. For virtual hosting take a look at the ## mod_simple_vhost module. server.document-root = "/srv/www/htdocs/" ## where to send error-messages to server.errorlog = "/var/log/lighttpd/error.log" # files to check for if .../ is requested index-file.names = ( "index.php", "index.html", "index.htm", "default.htm" ) ## set the event-handler (read the performance section in the manual) # server.event-handler = "freebsd-kqueue" # needed on OS X # mimetype mapping mimetype.assign = ( ".pdf" => "application/pdf", ".sig" => "application/pgp-signature", ".spl" => "application/futuresplash", ".class" => "application/octet-stream", ".ps" => "application/postscript", ".torrent" => "application/x-bittorrent", ".dvi" => "application/x-dvi", ".gz" => "application/x-gzip", ".pac" => "application/x-ns-proxy-autoconfig", ".swf" => "application/x-shockwave-flash", ".tar.gz" => "application/x-tgz", ".tgz" => "application/x-tgz", ".tar" => "application/x-tar", ".zip" => "application/zip", ".mp3" => "audio/mpeg", ".m3u" => "audio/x-mpegurl", ".wma" => "audio/x-ms-wma", ".wax" => "audio/x-ms-wax", ".ogg" => "application/ogg", ".wav" => "audio/x-wav", ".gif" => "image/gif", ".jar" => "application/x-java-archive", ".jpg" => "image/jpeg", ".jpeg" => "image/jpeg", ".png" => "image/png", ".xbm" => "image/x-xbitmap", ".xpm" => "image/x-xpixmap", ".xwd" => "image/x-xwindowdump", ".css" => "text/css", ".html" => "text/html", ".htm" => "text/html", ".js" => "text/javascript", ".asc" => "text/plain", ".c" => "text/plain", ".cpp" => "text/plain", ".log" => "text/plain", ".conf" => "text/plain", ".text" => "text/plain", ".txt" => "text/plain", ".dtd" => "text/xml", ".xml" => "text/xml", ".mpeg" => "video/mpeg", ".mpg" => "video/mpeg", ".mov" => "video/quicktime", ".qt" => "video/quicktime", ".avi" => "video/x-msvideo", ".asf" => "video/x-ms-asf", ".asx" => "video/x-ms-asf", ".wmv" => "video/x-ms-wmv", ".bz2" => "application/x-bzip", ".tbz" => "application/x-bzip-compressed-tar", ".tar.bz2" => "application/x-bzip-compressed-tar", # default mime type "" => "application/octet-stream", ) # Use the "Content-Type" extended attribute to obtain mime type if possible #mimetype.use-xattr = "enable" ## send a different Server: header ## be nice and keep it at lighttpd # server.tag = "lighttpd" #### accesslog module accesslog.filename = "/var/log/lighttpd/access.log" ## deny access the file-extensions # # ~ is for backupfiles from vi, emacs, joe, ... # .inc is often used for code includes which should in general not be part # of the document-root url.access-deny = ( "~", ".inc" ) $HTTP["url"] =~ "\.pdf$" { server.range-requests = "disable" } ## # which extensions should not be handle via static-file transfer # # .php, .pl, .fcgi are most often handled by mod_fastcgi or mod_cgi static-file.exclude-extensions = ( ".php", ".pl", ".fcgi" ) ######### Options that are good to be but not neccesary to be changed ####### ## bind to port (default: 80) #server.port = 81 ## bind to localhost (default: all interfaces) #server.bind = "127.0.0.1" ## error-handler for status 404 #server.error-handler-404 = "/error-handler.html" #server.error-handler-404 = "/error-handler.php" ## to help the rc.scripts #server.pid-file = "/var/run/lighttpd.pid" ###### virtual hosts ## ## If you want name-based virtual hosting add the next three settings and load ## mod_simple_vhost ## ## document-root = ## virtual-server-root + virtual-server-default-host + virtual-server-docroot ## or ## virtual-server-root + http-host + virtual-server-docroot ## #simple-vhost.server-root = "/srv/www/vhosts/" #simple-vhost.default-host = "www.example.org" #simple-vhost.document-root = "/htdocs/" ## ## Format: <errorfile-prefix><status-code>.html ## -> ..../status-404.html for 'File not found' #server.errorfile-prefix = "/usr/share/lighttpd/errors/status-" #server.errorfile-prefix = "/srv/www/errors/status-" ## virtual directory listings #dir-listing.activate = "enable" ## select encoding for directory listings #dir-listing.encoding = "utf-8" ## enable debugging #debug.log-request-header = "enable" #debug.log-response-header = "enable" #debug.log-request-handling = "enable" #debug.log-file-not-found = "enable" ### only root can use these options # # chroot() to directory (default: no chroot() ) #server.chroot = "/" ## change uid to <uid> (default: don't care) #server.username = "wwwrun" ## change uid to <uid> (default: don't care) #server.groupname = "wwwrun" #### compress module #compress.cache-dir = "/var/cache/lighttpd/compress/" #compress.filetype = ("text/plain", "text/html") #### proxy module ## read proxy.txt for more info #proxy.server = ( ".php" => # ( "localhost" => # ( # "host" => "192.168.0.101", # "port" => 80 # ) # ) # ) #### fastcgi module ## read fastcgi.txt for more info ## for PHP don't forget to set cgi.fix_pathinfo = 1 in the php.ini #fastcgi.server = ( ".php" => # ( "localhost" => # ( # "socket" => "/var/run/lighttpd/php-fastcgi.s ocket", # "bin-path" => "/usr/local/bin/php-cgi" # ) # ) # ) #### CGI module #cgi.assign = ( ".pl" => "/usr/bin/perl", # ".cgi" => "/usr/bin/perl" ) # #### SSL engine #ssl.engine = "enable" #ssl.pemfile = "/etc/ssl/private/lighttpd.pem" #### status module #status.status-url = "/server-status" #status.config-url = "/server-config" #### auth module ## read authentication.txt for more info #auth.backend = "plain" #auth.backend.plain.userfile = "lighttpd.user" #auth.backend.plain.groupfile = "lighttpd.group" #auth.backend.ldap.hostname = "localhost" #auth.backend.ldap.base-dn = "dc=my-domain,dc=com" #auth.backend.ldap.filter = "(uid=$)" #auth.require = ( "/server-status" => # ( # "method" => "digest", # "realm" => "download archiv", # "require" => "user=jan" # ), # "/server-config" => # ( # "method" => "digest", # "realm" => "download archiv", # "require" => "valid-user" # ) # ) #### url handling modules (rewrite, redirect, access) #url.rewrite = ( "^/$" => "/server-status" ) #url.redirect = ( "^/wishlist/(.+)" => "http://www.123.org/$1" ) #### both rewrite/redirect support back reference to regex conditional using %n #$HTTP["host"] =~ "^www\.(.*)" { # url.redirect = ( "^/(.*)" => "http://%1/$1" ) #} # # define a pattern for the host url finding # %% => % sign # %0 => domain name + tld # %1 => tld # %2 => domain name without tld # %3 => subdomain 1 name # %4 => subdomain 2 name # #evhost.path-pattern = "/srv/www/vhosts/%3/htdocs/" #### expire module #expire.url = ( "/buggy/" => "access 2 hours", "/asdhas/" => "ac cess plus 1 seconds 2 minutes") #### ssi #ssi.extension = ( ".shtml" ) #### rrdtool #rrdtool.binary = "/usr/bin/rrdtool" #rrdtool.db-name = "/var/lib/lighttpd/lighttpd.rrd" #### setenv #setenv.add-request-header = ( "TRAV_ENV" => "mysql://user@host/db" ) #setenv.add-response-header = ( "X-Secret-Message" => "42" ) ## for mod_trigger_b4_dl # trigger-before-download.gdbm-filename = "/var/lib/lighttpd/trigger.db" # trigger-before-download.memcache-hosts = ( "127.0.0.1:11211" ) # trigger-before-download.trigger-url = "^/trigger/" # trigger-before-download.download-url = "^/download/" # trigger-before-download.deny-url = "http://127.0.0.1/index.html" # trigger-before-download.trigger-timeout = 10 #### variable usage: ## variable name without "." is auto prefixed by "var." and becomes "var.bar" #bar = 1 #var.mystring = "foo" ## integer add #bar += 1 ## string concat, with integer cast as string, result: "www.foo1.com" #server.name = "www." + mystring + var.bar + ".com" ## array merge #index-file.names = (foo + ".php") + index-file.names #index-file.names += (foo + ".php") #### include #include /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd-inc.conf ## same as above if you run: "lighttpd -f /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf" #include "lighttpd-inc.conf" #### include_shell #include_shell "echo var.a=1" ## the above is same as: #var.a=1 When I go to browser and hit 'http://127.0.0.1', I get link not found. Any idea?

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  • How to back up non-standard directories in my user profile with Windows Backup?

    - by James Johnston
    I'm using Windows Backup to back up my Win7 Pro laptop. I'd like to use it to back up my complete user profile, but I only see standard profile directories (e.g. C:\Users\JohnstonJ\Documents) in the list. Non-standard ones aren't there (e.g. C:\Users\JohnstonJ\MyCustomDirectory). What's the best way to handle this? The only thing I can think of is to browse under the "Computer" entry and navigate directly to C:\Users\JohnstonJ and check off the entire profile (to get what's in there, and any new directories that come up). But is that going to back up the profile twice? Cause other unforeseen problems given that I checked it off by navigating through the computer, rather than picking it under the "Data Files" category? (e.g. back up temporary file garbage, files in use problems, etc. that the "Data Files" category might be handling better). Looking for solutions that other people use that are known to work well and still uses the Windows Backup software - I don't really want to fuss with 3rd-party backup software. Example - as you can see, I have two directories in my profile that Windows Backup is not offering to back up: "Dropbox" and "New folder": (Link to images album because I don't have enough reputation to directly embed them: http://imgur.com/a/Xyv5u)

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  • IIS 7.0 404 Custom Error Page and web.config

    - by Colin
    I am having trouble with a custom 404 error page. I have a domain running a .NET proj with it's own error handling. I have a web.config running for the domain which contains: <customErrors mode="RemoteOnly"> <error statusCode="500" redirect="/Error"/> <error statusCode="404" redirect="/404"/> </customErrors> On a sub dir of that domain I am ignoring all routes there by doing routes.IgnoreRoute("Assets/{*pathInfo}"); in the .NET proj and I want to put a custom 404 error page on that and any sub dir's of Assets. The sub dir contains static content like images, css, js etc etc. So in the Error Pages section of IIS I put a redirect to an absolute URL. The web.config for that dir looks like the following: <system.webServer> <httpErrors> <remove statusCode="404" subStatusCode="-1" /> <error statusCode="404" prefixLanguageFilePath="" path="http://mydomain.com/404" responseMode="Redirect" /> </httpErrors> </system.webServer> But I navigate to an unknown URL under that dir and yet I still see the default IIS 404 page. I am also seeing an alert in IIS that reads: You have configured detailed error messages to be returned for both local and remote requests. When this option is selected, custom error configuration is not used. Does this have anything to do with the customErrors mode="RemoteOnly" in the site web.config? I have tried to overwrite the customErrors in the sub dir web.config but nothing changes. Any help would be appreciated. Thanks.

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  • SSH public key authentication -- always require users to generate their own keypair?

    - by schinazi
    I was working with a partner today that I needed to upload files to my server using scp. I have passwords turned off in the server's SSH configuration, so I wanted them to use public key authentication. I generated the keypair for them on the server and gave them the private key and put the public key in the appropriate authorized_keys file. After a bunch of problems with them setting up their job, they finally got a more experienced sysadmin involved on their end, and he scolded me for handling the key generation this way. He said that by giving them a private key generated on my system, I had enabled them to do a brute-force attack against other keys generated on the same server. I even asked him "so if I have an account on a server, and I can log in with a password but I want to automate something and I generate a keypair on that system, does that then give me an attack vector for brute forcing other users' keys?" and he said yes. I've never heard of this, is it true? Can anyone point me to a discussion of this attack? Thanks in advance.

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  • Heavy Apache memory usage

    - by Ree
    Recently I've noticed that httpd processes started to consume massive amounts of memory - after some time pretty much using almost all of the 2GB of RAM the server has and I don't have any memory left for other stuff. Here's what top tells me: 26409 apache 15 0 276m 152m 28m S 0 7.4 0:59.12 httpd 26408 apache 15 0 278m 151m 28m S 0 7.4 1:03.80 httpd 26410 apache 15 0 277m 149m 26m S 0 7.3 0:57.22 httpd 26405 apache 15 0 276m 148m 25m S 0 7.3 0:59.20 httpd 26411 apache 16 0 276m 146m 23m S 0 7.2 1:09.18 httpd 17549 apache 15 0 276m 144m 23m S 0 7.0 0:36.34 httpd 22095 apache 15 0 276m 136m 14m S 0 6.6 0:30.56 httpd It seems to me that each httpd process does not free the memory after handling a request. So they all sit at ~270MB which is BAD. Is there a way for me to know where all the memory goes and why it stays that way? I haven't done any server tweaking lately, so I'm sure it's not me who messed something up (haven't had the problem before). The server is used to serve PHP apps. EDIT: Apache is configured with prefork module and MaxRequestsPerChild is set to 4000.

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  • iOS 6 in-app email does not send from within any app that supports it

    - by Joe Termine
    A strange problem -- Last night I upgraded to the final release of iOS 6 on my iPhone 4S and my iPad 2. When I open an app that allows you to send emails from within the app (e.g. adobe Reader, TurboScan, etc.) -- doesn't matter which one -- I am prompted with the email dialog from within the app, I can compose the message, but when I go to send one of two things will happen: either the email sending sound will "swoosh" and the dialog will close (leading me to think it worked) or some apps with good error handling will say there is an "error sending email." The error logs on my device are not reporting errors. It's just that the email doesn't really send. I have two Exchange mail boxes on these devices. One connects to a corporate network hosting on-premise exchange 2007 and the other connects to Gmail over the exchange interface. Have attempted to delete and re-pair these accounts (one at a time) without any change. I'm wondering if others are experiencing this problem, or whether I should just wipe the devices and chalk it up to (another) failed upgrade. Thoughts much appreciated. Joe

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  • Squid, authentication, Outlook Anywhere, Windows 7 and HTTP 1.1 = NIGHTMARE

    - by Massimo
    I'm running a Squid proxy (latest version, 3.1.4) on Linux CentOS 5.4 with Samba 3.5.4, in order to allow authenticated web access for domain users; everything works fine, and even Windows 7 clients are fully supported. Authentication is transparent for domain users, while it is explicitly requested for non-domain ones, and it works if the user can provide valid domain credentials. All nice and good. Then, Outlook Anywhere kicks in and pain and suffering ensue. When Outlook (be it 2007 or 2010, it doesn't matter) runs on Windows XP clients, it connects gracefully through the Squid proxy to its remote Exchange server. When it runs on Windows 7, it doesn't. If the authentication requirement is lifted from the proxy, everything works on Windows 7 too, so the problem is obviously related to NTLM authentication with Squid. Digging more deeply (WireShark), I discovered Outlook Anywhere uses HTTP 1.1 when it runs on Windows 7, while it uses HTTP 1.0 when on Windows XP. And it looks like Squid, even in its latest incarnation, still has some serious troubles handling HTTP 1.1 properly, particularly when SSL and proxy authentication are thrown in the mix. While waiting for Squid to fully and officially support HTTP 1.1 (and it looks like this could take quite a long time), I'm looking for one of the following solutions: Make Squid handle this correctly, if it is at all possible. Identify Outlook Anywhere connections and have Squid not require authentication for them. But it isn't easy: again, the behaviour of Outlook differs when running on Windows XP and Windows 7, and while on Windows XP Outlook sends a really nice user-agent string of "MSRPC", on Windows 7 it doesn't send any (why? WHY?!?). Force Outlook Anywhere to use HTTP 1.0 even when running on Windows 7. And no, this is not as simple as deselecting "use HTTP 1.1" in Internet Explorer, looks like Outlook ignores that setting and chooses on its own which protocol to use. Any other feasible solution which doesn't involve whitelisting specific destination Exchange servers, which is the last-resort solution I'm trying to avoid.

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  • IIS8 behind a VPN + Windows Server 2012 - how to properly bind IP+Port

    - by ryugen
    This is my first question so I hope I'm going to give you enough information. I'm running Windows Server 2012 within the Hyper-V environment of my Windows 8 machine. Within Windows Server 2012 I'm running a VPN tool based on openVPN to hide my real IP. When I run IIS8 with the VPN disconnected it works flawlessly through the Internet (port 80 forwarded correctly). But as soon as I connect to the VPN I can't reach my site through the domain anymore. Now I tried basically everything I know which is why I'm asking you guys. I tried binding IIS8 to the IP of my virtual ethernet card. I tried changing the priority of the NIC through the "Network and sharing center" via the advanced tab. I used ipconfig /flushdns in case there was something wrong in the DNS handling. Hell, I even turned off the Windows firewall. I also used a port scanner to verify the problem. The webserver is reachable on port 80 with VPN disconnected and immediately gets unreachable on connect. Theoretically both IPs (my regular one AND the VPN) should be reachable or at least not impair the other one right? Do you have any other suggestion? Do I have to route something somewhere somehow?

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  • Enabling Samba Shares Across Subnets

    - by John
    I was curious how I could go about setting up SAMBA so that shares could be seen and used across different subnets. We have some Linux devices that are bound to Active Directory and we would like to have them serve SAMBA shares to clients that will reside in a different subnet than what the servers reside in? Is there any way to do this without needing to setup a WINS server or use legacy NetBIOS methods since the majority of our clients are Windows 7, Windows Server 2003, Windows Server 2008, and Macintosh OS X (10.6 or newer)? EDIT Right now, only clients in the same subnet as the SAMBA server can see the shares. Clients outside of the subnet (i.e. the client subnet) cannot see or connect to the share. The error returned is: The specified network name is no longer available. It does not seem to matter if I use IP, FQDN, or NetBIOS name to try and connect to the share with. We have a common Cisco router handling the inter-subnet routing. Everything else seems to work correctly with this network setup and the device can be pinged from multiple subnets. I also do not believe it to be a firewall type of issue since the rules for this segment are rather lax.

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  • How to configure fastcgi to work with ligttpd in ubuntu

    - by michael
    I am able to run lighttpd on ubuntu 9.10. But when i tried to setup fastcgi with lighttpd by putting this in the ligttpd.conf file: #### fastcgi module fastcgi.server = ( "/fastcgi_scripts/" => (( "host" => "127.0.0.1", "port" => "9098", "check-local" => "disable", "bin-path" => "/usr/local/bin/cgi-fcgi", "docroot" => "/" # remote server may use # it's own docroot )) ) This is what I get in the error.log in ligttpd: 2010-03-07 21:00:11: (log.c.166) server started 2010-03-07 21:00:11: (mod_fastcgi.c.1104) the fastcgi-backend /usr/local/bin/cgi-fcgi failed to start: 2010-03-07 21:00:11: (mod_fastcgi.c.1108) child exited with status 1 /usr/local/bin/cgi-fcgi 2010-03-07 21:00:11: (mod_fastcgi.c.1111) If you're trying to run your app as a FastCGI backend, make sure you're using the FastCGI-enabled version. If this is PHP on Gentoo, add 'fastcgi' to the USE flags. 2010-03-07 21:00:11: (mod_fastcgi.c.1399) [ERROR]: spawning fcgi failed. 2010-03-07 21:00:11: (server.c.931) Configuration of plugins failed. Going down. I do have cgi-fcgi in /usr/local/bin: $ which cgi-fcgi /usr/local/bin/cgi-fcgi '/usr/local/bin/cgi-fcgi' is the executable after I download and compile fast-cgi. Here is my lighttpd conf file: $ more lighttpd.conf # lighttpd configuration file # # use it as a base for lighttpd 1.0.0 and above # # $Id: lighttpd.conf,v 1.7 2004/11/03 22:26:05 weigon Exp $ ############ Options you really have to take care of #################### ## modules to load # at least mod_access and mod_accesslog should be loaded # all other module should only be loaded if really neccesary # - saves some time # - saves memory server.modules = ( # "mod_rewrite", # "mod_redirect", # "mod_alias", "mod_access", # "mod_trigger_b4_dl", # "mod_auth", # "mod_status", # "mod_setenv", "mod_fastcgi", # "mod_proxy", # "mod_simple_vhost", # "mod_evhost", # "mod_userdir", # "mod_cgi", # "mod_compress", # "mod_ssi", # "mod_usertrack", # "mod_expire", # "mod_secdownload", # "mod_rrdtool", "mod_accesslog" ) ## A static document-root. For virtual hosting take a look at the ## mod_simple_vhost module. server.document-root = "/srv/www/htdocs/" ## where to send error-messages to server.errorlog = "/var/log/lighttpd/error.log" # files to check for if .../ is requested index-file.names = ( "index.php", "index.html", "index.htm", "default.htm" ) ## set the event-handler (read the performance section in the manual) # server.event-handler = "freebsd-kqueue" # needed on OS X # mimetype mapping mimetype.assign = ( ".pdf" => "application/pdf", ".sig" => "application/pgp-signature", ".spl" => "application/futuresplash", ".class" => "application/octet-stream", ".ps" => "application/postscript", ".torrent" => "application/x-bittorrent", ".dvi" => "application/x-dvi", ".gz" => "application/x-gzip", ".pac" => "application/x-ns-proxy-autoconfig", ".swf" => "application/x-shockwave-flash", ".tar.gz" => "application/x-tgz", ".tgz" => "application/x-tgz", ".tar" => "application/x-tar", ".zip" => "application/zip", ".mp3" => "audio/mpeg", ".m3u" => "audio/x-mpegurl", ".wma" => "audio/x-ms-wma", ".wax" => "audio/x-ms-wax", ".ogg" => "application/ogg", ".wav" => "audio/x-wav", ".gif" => "image/gif", ".jar" => "application/x-java-archive", ".jpg" => "image/jpeg", ".jpeg" => "image/jpeg", ".png" => "image/png", ".xbm" => "image/x-xbitmap", ".xpm" => "image/x-xpixmap", ".xwd" => "image/x-xwindowdump", ".css" => "text/css", ".html" => "text/html", ".htm" => "text/html", ".js" => "text/javascript", ".asc" => "text/plain", ".c" => "text/plain", ".cpp" => "text/plain", ".log" => "text/plain", ".conf" => "text/plain", ".text" => "text/plain", ".txt" => "text/plain", ".dtd" => "text/xml", ".xml" => "text/xml", ".mpeg" => "video/mpeg", ".mpg" => "video/mpeg", ".mov" => "video/quicktime", ".qt" => "video/quicktime", ".avi" => "video/x-msvideo", ".asf" => "video/x-ms-asf", ".asx" => "video/x-ms-asf", ".wmv" => "video/x-ms-wmv", ".bz2" => "application/x-bzip", ".tbz" => "application/x-bzip-compressed-tar", ".tar.bz2" => "application/x-bzip-compressed-tar", # default mime type "" => "application/octet-stream", ) # Use the "Content-Type" extended attribute to obtain mime type if possible #mimetype.use-xattr = "enable" ## send a different Server: header ## be nice and keep it at lighttpd # server.tag = "lighttpd" #### accesslog module accesslog.filename = "/var/log/lighttpd/access.log" ## deny access the file-extensions # # ~ is for backupfiles from vi, emacs, joe, ... # .inc is often used for code includes which should in general not be part # of the document-root url.access-deny = ( "~", ".inc" ) $HTTP["url"] =~ "\.pdf$" { server.range-requests = "disable" } ## # which extensions should not be handle via static-file transfer # # .php, .pl, .fcgi are most often handled by mod_fastcgi or mod_cgi static-file.exclude-extensions = ( ".php", ".pl", ".fcgi" ) ######### Options that are good to be but not neccesary to be changed ####### ## bind to port (default: 80) server.port = 9090 ## bind to localhost (default: all interfaces) server.bind = "127.0.0.1" ## error-handler for status 404 #server.error-handler-404 = "/error-handler.html" #server.error-handler-404 = "/error-handler.php" ## to help the rc.scripts #server.pid-file = "/var/run/lighttpd.pid" ###### virtual hosts ## ## If you want name-based virtual hosting add the next three settings and load ## mod_simple_vhost ## ## document-root = ## virtual-server-root + virtual-server-default-host + virtual-server-docroot ## or ## virtual-server-root + http-host + virtual-server-docroot ## #simple-vhost.server-root = "/srv/www/vhosts/" #simple-vhost.default-host = "www.example.org" #simple-vhost.document-root = "/htdocs/" ## ## Format: <errorfile-prefix><status-code>.html ## -> ..../status-404.html for 'File not found' #server.errorfile-prefix = "/usr/share/lighttpd/errors/status-" #server.errorfile-prefix = "/srv/www/errors/status-" ## virtual directory listings #dir-listing.activate = "enable" ## select encoding for directory listings #dir-listing.encoding = "utf-8" ## enable debugging #debug.log-request-header = "enable" #debug.log-response-header = "enable" #debug.log-request-handling = "enable" #debug.log-file-not-found = "enable" ### only root can use these options # # chroot() to directory (default: no chroot() ) #server.chroot = "/" ## change uid to <uid> (default: don't care) #server.username = "wwwrun" ## change uid to <uid> (default: don't care) #server.groupname = "wwwrun" #### compress module #compress.cache-dir = "/var/cache/lighttpd/compress/" #compress.filetype = ("text/plain", "text/html") #### proxy module ## read proxy.txt for more info #proxy.server = ( ".php" => # ( "localhost" => # ( # "host" => "192.168.0.101", # "port" => 80 # ) # ) # ) #### fastcgi module fastcgi.server = ( "/fastcgi_scripts/" => (( "host" => "127.0.0.1", "port" => 1026, "check-local" => "disable", "bin-path" => "/usr/local/bin/cgi-fcgi", #"docroot" => "/" # remote server may use # it's own docroot )) ) ## read fastcgi.txt for more info ## for PHP don't forget to set cgi.fix_pathinfo = 1 in the php.ini #fastcgi.server = ( ".php" => # ( "localhost" => # ( # "socket" => "/var/run/lighttpd/php-fastcgi.s ocket", # "bin-path" => "/usr/local/bin/php-cgi" # ) # ) # ) #### CGI module #cgi.assign = ( ".pl" => "/usr/bin/perl", # ".cgi" => "/usr/bin/perl" ) # #### SSL engine #ssl.engine = "enable" #ssl.pemfile = "/etc/ssl/private/lighttpd.pem" #### status module #status.status-url = "/server-status" #status.config-url = "/server-config" #### auth module ## read authentication.txt for more info #auth.backend = "plain" #auth.backend.plain.userfile = "lighttpd.user" #auth.backend.plain.groupfile = "lighttpd.group" #auth.backend.ldap.hostname = "localhost" #auth.backend.ldap.base-dn = "dc=my-domain,dc=com" #auth.backend.ldap.filter = "(uid=$)" #auth.require = ( "/server-status" => # ( # "method" => "digest", # "realm" => "download archiv", # "require" => "user=jan" # ), # "/server-config" => # ( # "method" => "digest", # "realm" => "download archiv", # "require" => "valid-user" # ) # ) #### url handling modules (rewrite, redirect, access) #url.rewrite = ( "^/$" => "/server-status" ) #url.redirect = ( "^/wishlist/(.+)" => "http://www.123.org/$1" ) #### both rewrite/redirect support back reference to regex conditional using %n #$HTTP["host"] =~ "^www\.(.*)" { # url.redirect = ( "^/(.*)" => "http://%1/$1" ) #} # # define a pattern for the host url finding # %% => % sign # %0 => domain name + tld # %1 => tld # %2 => domain name without tld # %3 => subdomain 1 name # %4 => subdomain 2 name # #evhost.path-pattern = "/srv/www/vhosts/%3/htdocs/" #### expire module #expire.url = ( "/buggy/" => "access 2 hours", "/asdhas/" => "ac cess plus 1 seconds 2 minutes") #### ssi #ssi.extension = ( ".shtml" ) #### rrdtool #rrdtool.binary = "/usr/bin/rrdtool" #rrdtool.db-name = "/var/lib/lighttpd/lighttpd.rrd" #### setenv #setenv.add-request-header = ( "TRAV_ENV" => "mysql://user@host/db" ) #setenv.add-response-header = ( "X-Secret-Message" => "42" ) ## for mod_trigger_b4_dl # trigger-before-download.gdbm-filename = "/var/lib/lighttpd/trigger.db" # trigger-before-download.memcache-hosts = ( "127.0.0.1:11211" ) # trigger-before-download.trigger-url = "^/trigger/" # trigger-before-download.download-url = "^/download/" # trigger-before-download.deny-url = "http://127.0.0.1/index.html" # trigger-before-download.trigger-timeout = 10 #### variable usage: ## variable name without "." is auto prefixed by "var." and becomes "var.bar" #bar = 1 #var.mystring = "foo" ## integer add #bar += 1 ## string concat, with integer cast as string, result: "www.foo1.com" #server.name = "www." + mystring + var.bar + ".com" ## array merge #index-file.names = (foo + ".php") + index-file.names #index-file.names += (foo + ".php") #### include #include /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd-inc.conf ## same as above if you run: "lighttpd -f /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf" #include "lighttpd-inc.conf" #### include_shell #include_shell "echo var.a=1" ## the above is same as: #var.a=1 Thank you for your help.

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  • Is it possible to detect nearby Wi-Fi enabled devices, not necessarily on the same network? [closed]

    - by Sky
    first question on StackExchange ever. I hope I got the right board. I'm trying to create a device (either from a standard AP or some other unconventional means) that will be able to detect nearby Wi-Fi enabled devices. For example, if a cellular phone (iPhone for instance) would be carried into the secured area, its MAC address will be logged. A cellular phone is a good example because it's the most common threat that should be detected. Some important points: The detection can be either active or passive, doesn't matter. The detected device might be connected to a different network, or might not be connected to anything at all. I assume most cellular phones are actively probing when not connected, but I'm not sure. It is important to not only identify the breach, but also to identify the device (MAC address). Conventional hardware is only optional. Distance of detection is at least 6 meters (20 feet). Handling one device at a time is good. Speed of detection is important, under 5 seconds is ideal. So my question is, is this even possible? If so, what can I use in order to make this a reality? Thank you for reading!

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  • How to write re-usable puppet definitions?

    - by Oliver Probst
    I'd like to write a puppet manifest to install and configure an application on target servers. Parts of this manifest shall be re-usable. Thus I used define for defining my re-usable functionality. Doing so, I've always the problem that there are parts of the definition which are not re-usable. A simple example is a bunch of configuration files to be created. These file must be placed in the same directory. This directory must be created only once. Example: nodes.pp node 'myNode.in.a.domain' { mymodule::addconfig {'configfile1.xml': param => 'somevalue', } mymodule::addconfig {'configfile2.xml': param => 'someothervalue', } } mymodule.pp define mymodule::addconfig ($param) { $config_dir = "/the/directory/" #ensure that directory exits: file { $config_dir: ensure => directory, } #create the configuration file: file { $name: path => "${config_dir}/${name}" content => template('a_template.erb'), require => File[$config_dir], } } This example will fail, because now the resource file {$config_dir: is defined twice. As far as I understood, it is required to extract these parts into a class. Then it looks like this: nodes.pp node 'myNode.in.a.domain' { class { 'mymodule::createConfigurationDirectory': } mymodule::addconfig {'configfile1.xml': param => 'somevalue', require => Class ['mymodule::createConfigurationDirectory'], } mymodule::addconfig {'configfile2.xml': param => 'someothervalue', require => Class ['mymodule::createConfigurationDirectory'], } } But this makes my interface hard use. Every user of my module has to know, that there is a class which is additionally required. For this simple use case the additional class might be acceptable. But with growing module complexity (lots of definitions) I'm a bit afraid of confusing the modules user. So I'd like to know is there a better way to handle this dependencies. Ideally, classes like createConfigurationDirectory are hidden from the user of the modules api. Or are there some other "Best Practices"/Patterns handling such dependencies?

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  • You need to format the disk in drive

    - by Sab
    I was copying some files over to my external hard disk and suddenly a message popped up saying that some file was open and it could not continue.It asks me whether I want to cancel the operation and I said cancel(The other operation was continue.) After that whenever I plug in the usb into the same computer it does not work. It keeps saying that I need to format the disk to continue. Luckily for me it opened on another computer and am backing up all my data. But now I am wondering why exactly this happened. Is it that the hard disk is weak. Also as an addon I currently use http://www.dtidata.com/windowssurfacescanner/ program to check for bad sectors. Is this the recommended way or is there some other better more reliable way to check if my hard disk is failing? Also could the above problem be because the hard disk is failing? If not why does it happen.Even if the hard disk is interrupted in the middle of a read write cycle doesnt there exist error handling code to enable gracefull recovery?

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  • ServerRoot in my lighttpd.conf

    - by michael
    Hi, I have use the following example lighttpd.conf to launch my lighttpd. Can you please tell me where is my 'ServerRoot'? # lighttpd configuration file # # use it as a base for lighttpd 1.0.0 and above # # $Id: lighttpd.conf,v 1.7 2004/11/03 22:26:05 weigon Exp $ ############ Options you really have to take care of #################### ## modules to load # at least mod_access and mod_accesslog should be loaded # all other module should only be loaded if really neccesary # - saves some time # - saves memory server.modules = ( # "mod_rewrite", # "mod_redirect", # "mod_alias", "mod_access", # "mod_trigger_b4_dl", # "mod_auth", # "mod_status", # "mod_setenv", "mod_fastcgi", # "mod_proxy", # "mod_simple_vhost", # "mod_evhost", # "mod_userdir", # "mod_cgi", # "mod_compress", # "mod_ssi", # "mod_usertrack", # "mod_expire", # "mod_secdownload", # "mod_rrdtool", "mod_accesslog" ) ## A static document-root. For virtual hosting take a look at the ## mod_simple_vhost module. server.document-root = "/srv/www/htdocs/" ## where to send error-messages to server.errorlog = "/var/log/lighttpd/error.log" # files to check for if .../ is requested index-file.names = ( "index.php", "index.html", "index.htm", "default.htm" ) ## set the event-handler (read the performance section in the manual) # server.event-handler = "freebsd-kqueue" # needed on OS X # mimetype mapping mimetype.assign = ( ".pdf" => "application/pdf", ".sig" => "application/pgp-signature", ".spl" => "application/futuresplash", ".class" => "application/octet-stream", ".ps" => "application/postscript", ".torrent" => "application/x-bittorrent", ".dvi" => "application/x-dvi", ".gz" => "application/x-gzip", ".pac" => "application/x-ns-proxy-autoconfig", ".swf" => "application/x-shockwave-flash", ".tar.gz" => "application/x-tgz", ".tgz" => "application/x-tgz", ".tar" => "application/x-tar", ".zip" => "application/zip", ".mp3" => "audio/mpeg", ".m3u" => "audio/x-mpegurl", ".wma" => "audio/x-ms-wma", ".wax" => "audio/x-ms-wax", ".ogg" => "application/ogg", ".wav" => "audio/x-wav", ".gif" => "image/gif", ".jar" => "application/x-java-archive", ".jpg" => "image/jpeg", ".jpeg" => "image/jpeg", ".png" => "image/png", ".xbm" => "image/x-xbitmap", ".xpm" => "image/x-xpixmap", ".xwd" => "image/x-xwindowdump", ".css" => "text/css", ".html" => "text/html", ".htm" => "text/html", ".js" => "text/javascript", ".asc" => "text/plain", ".c" => "text/plain", ".cpp" => "text/plain", ".log" => "text/plain", ".conf" => "text/plain", ".text" => "text/plain", ".txt" => "text/plain", ".dtd" => "text/xml", ".xml" => "text/xml", ".mpeg" => "video/mpeg", ".mpg" => "video/mpeg", ".mov" => "video/quicktime", ".qt" => "video/quicktime", ".avi" => "video/x-msvideo", ".asf" => "video/x-ms-asf", ".asx" => "video/x-ms-asf", ".wmv" => "video/x-ms-wmv", ".bz2" => "application/x-bzip", ".tbz" => "application/x-bzip-compressed-tar", ".tar.bz2" => "application/x-bzip-compressed-tar", # default mime type "" => "application/octet-stream", ) # Use the "Content-Type" extended attribute to obtain mime type if possible #mimetype.use-xattr = "enable" ## send a different Server: header ## be nice and keep it at lighttpd # server.tag = "lighttpd" #### accesslog module accesslog.filename = "/var/log/lighttpd/access.log" ## deny access the file-extensions # # ~ is for backupfiles from vi, emacs, joe, ... # .inc is often used for code includes which should in general not be part # of the document-root url.access-deny = ( "~", ".inc" ) $HTTP["url"] =~ "\.pdf$" { server.range-requests = "disable" } ## # which extensions should not be handle via static-file transfer # # .php, .pl, .fcgi are most often handled by mod_fastcgi or mod_cgi static-file.exclude-extensions = ( ".php", ".pl", ".fcgi" ) ######### Options that are good to be but not neccesary to be changed ####### ## bind to port (default: 80) server.port = 9090 ## bind to localhost (default: all interfaces) server.bind = "127.0.0.1" ## error-handler for status 404 #server.error-handler-404 = "/error-handler.html" #server.error-handler-404 = "/error-handler.php" ## to help the rc.scripts #server.pid-file = "/var/run/lighttpd.pid" ###### virtual hosts ## ## If you want name-based virtual hosting add the next three settings and load ## mod_simple_vhost ## ## document-root = ## virtual-server-root + virtual-server-default-host + virtual-server-docroot ## or ## virtual-server-root + http-host + virtual-server-docroot ## #simple-vhost.server-root = "/srv/www/vhosts/" #simple-vhost.default-host = "www.example.org" #simple-vhost.document-root = "/htdocs/" ## ## Format: <errorfile-prefix><status-code>.html ## -> ..../status-404.html for 'File not found' #server.errorfile-prefix = "/usr/share/lighttpd/errors/status-" #server.errorfile-prefix = "/srv/www/errors/status-" ## virtual directory listings #dir-listing.activate = "enable" ## select encoding for directory listings #dir-listing.encoding = "utf-8" ## enable debugging #debug.log-request-header = "enable" #debug.log-response-header = "enable" #debug.log-request-handling = "enable" #debug.log-file-not-found = "enable" ### only root can use these options # # chroot() to directory (default: no chroot() ) #server.chroot = "/" ## change uid to <uid> (default: don't care) #server.username = "wwwrun" ## change uid to <uid> (default: don't care) #server.groupname = "wwwrun" #### compress module #compress.cache-dir = "/var/cache/lighttpd/compress/" #compress.filetype = ("text/plain", "text/html") #### proxy module ## read proxy.txt for more info #proxy.server = ( ".php" => # ( "localhost" => # ( # "host" => "192.168.0.101", # "port" => 80 # ) # ) # ) #### fastcgi module fastcgi.server = ( "/fastcgi_scripts/" => (( "host" => "127.0.0.1", "port" => 1026, "check-local" => "disable", "bin-path" => "/usr/local/bin/cgi-fcgi", #"docroot" => "/" # remote server may use # it's own docroot )) ) ## read fastcgi.txt for more info ## for PHP don't forget to set cgi.fix_pathinfo = 1 in the php.ini #fastcgi.server = ( ".php" => # ( "localhost" => # ( # "socket" => "/var/run/lighttpd/php-fastcgi.socket", # "bin-path" => "/usr/local/bin/php-cgi" # ) # ) # ) #### CGI module #cgi.assign = ( ".pl" => "/usr/bin/perl", # ".cgi" => "/usr/bin/perl" ) # #### SSL engine #ssl.engine = "enable" #ssl.pemfile = "/etc/ssl/private/lighttpd.pem" #### status module #status.status-url = "/server-status" #status.config-url = "/server-config" #### auth module ## read authentication.txt for more info #auth.backend = "plain" #auth.backend.plain.userfile = "lighttpd.user" #auth.backend.plain.groupfile = "lighttpd.group" #auth.backend.ldap.hostname = "localhost" #auth.backend.ldap.base-dn = "dc=my-domain,dc=com" #auth.backend.ldap.filter = "(uid=$)" #auth.require = ( "/server-status" => # ( # "method" => "digest", # "realm" => "download archiv", # "require" => "user=jan" # ), # "/server-config" => # ( # "method" => "digest", # "realm" => "download archiv", # "require" => "valid-user" # ) # ) #### url handling modules (rewrite, redirect, access) #url.rewrite = ( "^/$" => "/server-status" ) #url.redirect = ( "^/wishlist/(.+)" => "http://www.123.org/$1" ) #### both rewrite/redirect support back reference to regex conditional using %n #$HTTP["host"] =~ "^www\.(.*)" { # url.redirect = ( "^/(.*)" => "http://%1/$1" ) #} # # define a pattern for the host url finding # %% => % sign # %0 => domain name + tld # %1 => tld # %2 => domain name without tld # %3 => subdomain 1 name # %4 => subdomain 2 name # #evhost.path-pattern = "/srv/www/vhosts/%3/htdocs/" #### expire module #expire.url = ( "/buggy/" => "access 2 hours", "/asdhas/" => "access plus 1 seconds 2 minutes") #### ssi #ssi.extension = ( ".shtml" ) #### rrdtool #rrdtool.binary = "/usr/bin/rrdtool" #rrdtool.db-name = "/var/lib/lighttpd/lighttpd.rrd" #### setenv #setenv.add-request-header = ( "TRAV_ENV" => "mysql://user@host/db" ) #setenv.add-response-header = ( "X-Secret-Message" => "42" ) ## for mod_trigger_b4_dl # trigger-before-download.gdbm-filename = "/var/lib/lighttpd/trigger.db" # trigger-before-download.memcache-hosts = ( "127.0.0.1:11211" ) # trigger-before-download.trigger-url = "^/trigger/" # trigger-before-download.download-url = "^/download/" # trigger-before-download.deny-url = "http://127.0.0.1/index.html" # trigger-before-download.trigger-timeout = 10 #### variable usage: ## variable name without "." is auto prefixed by "var." and becomes "var.bar" #bar = 1 #var.mystring = "foo" ## integer add #bar += 1 ## string concat, with integer cast as string, result: "www.foo1.com" #server.name = "www." + mystring + var.bar + ".com" ## array merge #index-file.names = (foo + ".php") + index-file.names #index-file.names += (foo + ".php") #### include #include /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd-inc.conf ## same as above if you run: "lighttpd -f /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf" #include "lighttpd-inc.conf" #### include_shell #include_shell "echo var.a=1" ## the above is same as: #var.a=1 Thank you.

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