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• Dynamically calling functions - Python

  - by RadiantHex

  Hi folks, I have a list of functions... e.g. def filter_bunnies(pets): ... def filter_turtles(pets): ... def filter_narwhals(pets): ... Is there a way to call these functions by using a string representing their name? e.g. 'filter_bunnies', 'filter_turtles', 'filter_narwhals'

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• How to save double to file in python?

  - by hahahaha

  Let's say I need to save a matrix(each line corresponds one row) that could be loaded from fortran later. What method should I prefer? Is converting everything to string is the only one approach?

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• Finding most recently edited file in python

  - by zztpp5521

  I have a set of folders, and I want to be able to run a function that will find the most recently edited file and tell me the name of the file and the folder it is in. Folder layout: root Folder A File A File B Folder B File C File D etc... Any tips to get me started as i've hit a bit of a wall.

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• In Python, how would I do this Datetime?

  - by alex

  right_now = datetime.datetime.now() one_hour_before = ????? How can I use right_now to get one_hour_before?

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• Accessing items from a dictionary using pickle efficiently in Python

  - by user248237

  I have a large dictionary mapping keys (which are strings) to objects. I pickled this large dictionary and at certain times I want to pull out only a handful of entries from it. The dictionary has usually thousands of entries total. When I load the dictionary using pickle, as follows: from cPickle import * # my dictionary from pickle, containing thousands of entries mydict = open(load('mypickle.pickle')) # accessing only handful of entries here for entry in relevant_entries: # find relevant entry value = mydict[entry] I notice that it can take up to 3-4 seconds to load the entire pickle, which I don't need, since I access only a tiny subset of the dictionary entries later on (shown above.) How can I make it so pickle only loads those entries that I have from the dictionary, to make this faster? Thanks.

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• Passing variables in python when using from a import *

  - by Null

  How can I make this print "baz" when I run b.py? a.py def foo(): global bar print bar b.py from a import * bar = "baz" foo()

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• How to lazy load a data structure (python)

  - by Anton Geraschenko

  I have some way of building a data structure (out of some file contents, say): def loadfile(FILE): return # some data structure created from the contents of FILE So I can do things like puppies = loadfile("puppies.csv") # wait for loadfile to work kitties = loadfile("kitties.csv") # wait some more print len(puppies) print puppies[32] In the above example, I wasted a bunch of time actually reading kitties.csv and creating a data structure that I never used. I'd like to avoid that waste without constantly checking if not kitties whenever I want to do something. I'd like to be able to do puppies = lazyload("puppies.csv") # instant kitties = lazyload("kitties.csv") # instant print len(puppies) # wait for loadfile print puppies[32] So if I don't ever try to do anything with kitties, loadfile("kitties.csv") never gets called. Is there some standard way to do this? After playing around with it for a bit, I produced the following solution, which appears to work correctly and is quite brief. Are there some alternatives? Are there drawbacks to using this approach that I should keep in mind? class lazyload: def __init__(self,FILE): self.FILE = FILE self.F = None def __getattr__(self,name): if not self.F: print "loading %s" % self.FILE self.F = loadfile(self.FILE) return object.__getattribute__(self.F, name) What might be even better is if something like this worked: class lazyload: def __init__(self,FILE): self.FILE = FILE def __getattr__(self,name): self = loadfile(self.FILE) # this never gets called again # since self is no longer a # lazyload instance return object.__getattribute__(self, name) But this doesn't work because self is local. It actually ends up calling loadfile every time you do anything.

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• Python's string.translate() doesn't fully work?

  - by Rhubarb

  Given this example, I get the error that follows: print u'\2033'.translate({2033:u'd'}) C:\Python26\lib\encodings\cp437.pyc in encode(self, input, errors) 10 11 def encode(self,input,errors='strict'): ---> 12 return codecs.charmap_encode(input,errors,encoding_map) 13 14 def decode(self,input,errors='strict'): UnicodeEncodeError: 'charmap' codec can't encode character u'\x83' in position 0

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• python tarfile adding files without directory hiearchy

  - by theactiveactor

  When I invoke add() on a tarfile object with a file path, the file is added to the tarball with directory hiearchy associated .In other words, if I unzip the tarfile the directories in the original dir hiearchy are reproduced. Is there a way to simply add a plainfile without directory info that untarring the resulting tarball produce a flat list of files?

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• convert the key in MIME encoded form in python

  - by jaysh

  this is the code : f = urllib.urlopen('http://pool.sks-keyservers.net:11371/pks/lookup?op=get&search= 0x58e9390daf8c5bf3') #Retrieve the public key from PKS data = f.read() decoded_bytes = base64.b64decode(data) print decoded_bytes i need to convert the key in MIME encoded form which is presently comes in (ascii armored) radix 64 format.for that i have to get this radix64 format in its binary form and also need to remove its header and checksum than coversion in MIME format but i didnt find any method which can do this conversion. i used the base64.b64decode method and its give me error: Traceback (most recent call last): File "RetEnc.py", line 12, in ? decoded_bytes = base64.b64decode(data) File "/usr/lib/python2.4/base64.py", line 76, in b64decode raise TypeError(msg) TypeError: Incorrect padding what to do i'didnt getting .can anybody suggest me something related to this...... thanks!!!!

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• Python: pyximporting a pyx that depends on a native library

  - by Will

  My pyx depends upon a native library How can I pyximport.install() it? The auto-build in pyxinstall doesn't know to link with the native library, so the build fails...

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• Python Terminated Thread Cannot Restart

  - by Mel Kaye

  Hello, I have a thread that gets executed when some action occurs. Given the logic of the program, the thread cannot possibly be started while another instance of it is still running. Yet when I call it a second time, I get a "RuntimeError: thread already started" error. I added a check to see if it is actually alive using the Thread.is_alive() function, and it is actually dead. What am I doing wrong? I can provide more details as are needed.

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• Catch clearly defined exception from sub.submodule in python

  - by mynthon

  I have 3 files. xxx which imports xxx2 and xxx2 imports xxx3 which one raises OppsError exception. xxx3.py: class OppsError(Exception):pass def go(): raise OppsError() xxx2.py: import xxx3 xxx3.go() xxx.py: try: import xxx2 except xxx3.OppsError: print 'ops' When i run xxx.py i get error NameError: name 'xxx3' is not defined. Is importing xxx3 inside xxx only way to catch OppsError?

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• Python library to split and join mp3 files

  - by immelmann

  There are a lot of libs to work with mp3 tags, but I need just 2 functions - split mp3 file in 2 parts and the second one to merge 5 mp3. Can you suggest anything? Thanks!

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• Python Pandas operate on row

  - by wuha

  Hi my dataframe look like: Store,Dept,Date,Sales 1,1,2010-02-05,245 1,1,2010-02-12,449 1,1,2010-02-19,455 1,1,2010-02-26,154 1,1,2010-03-05,29 1,1,2010-03-12,239 1,1,2010-03-19,264 Simply, I need to add another column called '_id' as concatenation of Store, Dept, Date like "1_1_2010-02-05", I assume I can do it through df['id'] = df['Store'] +'' +df['Dept'] +'_'+df['Date'], but it turned out to be not. Similarly, i also need to add a new column as log of sales, I tried df['logSales'] = math.log(df['Sales']), again, it did not work.

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• Python code, extracting extensions

  - by user1434001

  import os path = '/Users/Marjan/Documents/Nothing/Costco' print path names = os.listdir(path) print len(names) for name in names: print name Here is the code I've been using, it lists all the names in this category in terminal. There are a few filenames in this file (Costco) that don't have .html and _files. I need to pick them out, the only issue is that it has over 2,500 filenames. Need help on a code that will search through this path and pick out all the filenames that don't end with .html or _files. Thanks guys

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• Scraping digg rss feed with python

  - by Timmy

  is there a way to get the link from digg through its rss feed? or do i have to get the website and manually scrape it with a regex?

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• Python List length as a string

  - by mvid

  Is there a preferred (not ugly) way of outputting a list length as a string? Currently I am nesting function calls like so: print "Length: %s" % str(len(self.listOfThings)) This seems like a hack solution, is there a more graceful way of achieving the same result?

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• Python - Removing duplicates from a string

  - by Daniel

  def remove_duplicates(strng): """ Returns a string which is the same as the argument except only the first occurrence of each letter is present. Upper and lower case letters are treated as different. Only duplicate letters are removed, other characters such as spaces or numbers are not changed. >>> remove_duplicates('apple') 'aple' >>> remove_duplicates('Mississippi') 'Misp' >>> remove_duplicates('The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog') 'The quick brown fx jmps v t lazy dg' >>> remove_duplicates('121 balloons 2 u') '121 balons 2 u' """ s = strng.split() return strng.replace(s[0],"") Writing a function to get rid of duplicate letters but so far have been playing around for an hour and can't get anything. Help would be appreciated, thanks.

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• python win32api registery key change

  - by user340495

  Hi, I am trying to trigger an event every time a registry value is being modified. import win32api import win32event import win32con import _winreg key = _winreg.OpenKey(_winreg.HKEY_CURRENT_USER,'Control Panel\Desktop',0,_winreg.KEY_READ) sub_key = _winreg.CreateKey(key,'Wallpaper') evt = win32event.CreateEvent(None,0,0,None) win32api.RegNotifyChangeKeyValue(sub_key,1,win32api.REG_NOTIFY_CHANGE_ATTRIBUTES,evt,True) ret_code=win32event.WaitForSingleObject(evt,3000) if ret_code == win32con.WAIT_OBJECT_0: print "CHANGED" if ret_code == win32con.WAIT_TIMEOUT: print "TIMED" my problem is that this is never triggered , the event always time-out. (the reg key I am trying to follow is the wallpaper) [ please note I trigger the event by 1) manually changing the registry value in regedit 2) an automated script which run this : from ctypes import windll from win32con import * windll.user32.SystemParametersInfoA(SPI_SETDESKWALLPAPER, 0,"C:\wall.jpg",SPIF_UPDATEINIFILE | SPIF_SENDWININICHANGE) ] Thanks for any help in advance :) EDIT:: sorry about formatting

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• Automatically registering "commands" for a command line program in python

  - by seandavi

  I would like to develop a command-line program that can process and give "help" for subcommands. To be concrete, say I have a single script called "cgent" and I would like to have subcommands "abc", "def", and "xyz" execute and accept the rest of the sys.args for processing by optparse. cgent abc [options] cgent help abc .... All of this is straightforward if I hard-code the subcommand names. However, I would like to be able to continue to add subcommands by adding a class or module (?). This is similar to the idea that is used by web frameworks for adding controllers, for example. I have tried digging through pylons to see if I can recreate what is done there, but I have not unravelled the logic. Any suggestions on how to do this? Thanks, Sean

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• Assistance with regular expressions in Python

  - by da5id

  I am still learning REGEX, and I've run into an issue ... I am trying to separate a string that is composed of a mixture of letters and numbers that are in decimal format: AB0.500CD1.05EF2.29 Into something like this: list1 = AB,CD,EF list2 = 0.500,1.05,2.29 A complication to all this is that I also have strings that look like this: AB1CD2EF3 Which I'd also like to separate into this: list1 = AB,CD,EF list2 = 1,2,3 A previous inquiry yielded the following snippet, import re pattern = re.compile(r'([a-zA-Z]+)([0-9]+)') for (letters, numbers) in re.findall(pattern,cmpnd): print numbers print letters This example works fine for strings of the 2nd kind, but only "finds" the leading digit in the numbers that contain decimal places in the strings of the first kind. I've attempted an approach using the following line: pattern = re.compile(r'([a-zA-Z]+)([0-9]+(\.[0-9]))') But this results in an error: "ValueError: too many values to unpack" Thanks for any and all assistance!

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• (Python) algorithm to randomly select a key based on proportionality/weight

  - by LaundroMat

  Hi - I'm a bit at a loss as to how to find a clean algorithm for doing the following: Suppose I have a dict k: >>> k = {'A': 68, 'B': 62, 'C': 47, 'D': 16, 'E': 81} I now want to randomly select one of these keys, based on the 'weight' they have in the total (i.e. sum) amount of keys. >>> sum(k.values()) >>> 274 So that there's a >>> 68.0/274.0 >>> 0.24817518248175183 24.81% percent change that A is selected. How would you write an algorithm that takes care of this? In other words, that makes sure that on 10.000 random picks, A will be selected 2.481 times?

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• Why do people write #!/usr/bin/env python on the first line of a Python script?

  - by john garcias

  It seems to me like the files run the same without that line.

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• Multiple levels of 'collection.defaultdict' in Python

  - by Morlock

  Thanks to some great folks on SO, I discovered the possibilities offered by collections.defaultdict, notably in readability and speed. I have put them to use with success. Now I would like to implement three levels of dictionaries, the two top ones being defaultdict and the lowest one being int. I don't find the appropriate way to do this. Here is my attempt: from collections import defaultdict d = defaultdict(defaultdict) a = [("key1", {"a1":22, "a2":33}), ("key2", {"a1":32, "a2":55}), ("key3", {"a1":43, "a2":44})] for i in a: d[i[0]] = i[1] Now this works, but the following, which is the desired behavior, doesn't: d["key4"]["a1"] + 1 I suspect that I should have declared somewhere that the second level defaultdict is of type int, but I didn't find where or how to do so. The reason I am using defaultdict in the first place is to avoid having to initialize the dictionary for each new key. Any more elegant suggestion? Thanks pythoneers!

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