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  • What is a good way to share internal helpers?

    - by toplel32
    All my projects share the same base library that I have build up over quite some time. It contains utilities and static helper classes to assist them where .NET doesn't exactly offer what I want. Originally all the helpers were written mainly to serve an internal purpose and it has to stay that way, but sometimes they prove very useful to other assemblies. Now making them public in a reliable way is more complicated than most would think, for example all methods that assume nullable types must now contain argument checking while not charging internal utilities with the price of doing so. The price might be negligible, but it is far from right. While refactoring, I have revised this case multiple times and I've come up with the following solutions so far: Have an internal and public class for each helper The internal class contains the actual code while the public class serves as an access point which does argument checking. Cons: The internal class requires a prefix to avoid ambiguity (the best presentation should be reserved for public types) It isn't possible to discriminate methods that don't need argument checking   Have one class that contains both internal and public members (as conventionally implemented in .NET framework). At first, this might sound like the best possible solution, but it has the same first unpleasant con as solution 1. Cons: Internal methods require a prefix to avoid ambiguity   Have an internal class which is implemented by the public class that overrides any members that require argument checking. Cons: Is non-static, atleast one instantiation is required. This doesn't really fit into the helper class idea, since it generally consists of independent fragments of code, it should not require instantiation. Non-static methods are also slower by a negligible degree, which doesn't really justify this option either. There is one general and unavoidable consequence, alot of maintenance is necessary because every internal member will require a public counterpart. A note on solution 1: The first consequence can be avoided by putting both classes in different namespaces, for example you can have the real helper in the root namespace and the public helper in a namespace called "Helpers".

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  • Testing of visualization projects

    - by paxRoman
    We develop small to large visualization projects for different tasks and industries and sometimes while rewriting them a couple of times in the process we hit walls because we discover that we need to add a lot of code to support new requirements. Now we have established a design process that seems to work well (at least we reduced the development time for each new project quite a bit), but we're still left scratching our heads around this question: what exactly should we test when testing visualizations? If everything that we want to explore is on the screen (bounded visualizations)? If the data is ok - if data is valid (that's one of the nice things about visualizations you can spot errors in your datasets)? Usability? User interaction? Code quality? I can tell you for sure that a simple check of the code quality is certainly not enough! Is there a classic paper / book about how to test visualizations? Also do you happen to know about classic design patterns for visualizations (except the obvious ones like Pub-Sub)?

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  • Should you always pass the bare minimum data needed into a function

    - by Anders Holmström
    Let's say I have a function IsAdmin that checks whether a user is an admin. Let's also say that the admin checking is done by matching user id, name and password against some sort of rule (not important). In my head there are then two possible function signatures for this: public bool IsAdmin(User user); public bool IsAdmin(int id, string name, string password); I most often go for the second type of signature, thinking that: The function signature gives the reader a lot more info The logic contained inside the function doesn't have to know about the User class It usually results in slightly less code inside the function However I sometimes question this approach, and also realize that at some point it would become unwieldy. If for example a function would map between ten different object fields into a resulting bool I would obviously send in the entire object. But apart from a stark example like that I can't see a reason to pass in the actual object. I would appreciate any arguments for either style, as well as any general observations you might offer. I program in both object oriented and functional styles, so the question should be seen as regarding any and all idioms.

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  • How do I debug an overheating problem?

    - by Tab
    Hello guys. I have a problem with my Laptop (Dell Inspiron 1564 Core i5 4GB Ram VGA ATI Mobility Radeon HD 4300 running Ubuntu 10.10 32bit). It shuts down abruptly without even a lag in the application I am working with before shutdown. I think it's overheating problem. Actually the laptop is hot all the time when I am running Ubuntu. When I switch back to windows, even with intense load it won't shutdown or show any problem as long as I keep proper ventilation (when the air openings are blocked it does the same). Actually on Ubuntu i don't usually do things that need much CPU power, usually surfing internet, coding web pages and sometimes playing with python and ruby. I am not enabling desktop effects so no GPU load except the normal GNOME gui. Now as I am writing the Processor load in the panel monitor applet is 0%, Memory 11% by programs, 22% by cache. And i have CPU Frequency monitor for each of the 4 cores set to 1.20 Ghz (the lowest possible value, i am not sure if this applet does really limit CPU usage). Running sensors in terminal gave me temp1: +26.8°C (crit = +100.0°C) temp2: +0.0°C (crit = +100.0°C) hddtemp /dev/sda at the terminal gave me /dev/sda: WDC WD3200BEVT-75ZCT2: 46°C All that fine but the laptop is Really hot i can feel it in the keyboard, mouse pad is painful to touch, and the fan is always spinning. I am also placing 2 small fans running on USB under the laptop right now and the laptop is lifted over the fans so it's well ventilated. When I am running windows it doesn't get that hot except when there is a really big load on the CPU and this is keeping me away from using Linux for everyday tasks. Actually I don't care much for speed as I can deal with low speed it's not going to shutdown abruptly. So please if you can help me and tell me what are the possible causes, where should I start ?

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  • Part 4: Development Standards or How to share

    - by volker.eckardt(at)oracle.com
    Although we usually introduce the custom development part in EBS projects as “a small piece only” and “we will avoid as best as possible”, the development effort can be enormous and should therefore be well addressed by project standards. Any additional solution or additional software tool or product shall influence the custom development rules (by adding, removing or replacing sections). It is very common in EBS projects to create a so called “MD.030 Development Standards” document and put everything what’s related to development conventions into it. This document gets approval and will be shared among all developers. Later, additional sections have to be added, and usually the development lead is responsible for doing this. However, sometimes used development techniques are not documented properly, and therefore the development solutions deviate from each other, or from the initially agreed standards. My advice would be the following: keep the MD.030 as a base document, and add a Wiki on top. The “Development Wiki” covers the following: Collect input from every developer without updating the MD.030 directly Collect additional topics that might need further specification Allow a discussion about such topics by reviewing/updating the wiki directly Add also decisions or open questions right into it. In one of my own projects we were using this “Developer Wiki” quite extensive, and my experience is very positive. We had different sections in it, good cross references, but also additional material like code templates, links to external web pages etc. By using this wiki, the development standards became “owned” by the right group of people, the developers. They recognized that information sharing can improve the overall development quality, but will also reduce the workload on individuals. Finally, the wiki was much more accurate and helpful for the daily development work than our initial MD.030, and we all decided to retire the document completely. Summary: Information sharing in the development area is very important! The usual “MD.030 Development Standards“ is a good starting point, but should be combined with a “Development Wiki”, allowing everyone to address and discuss necessary improvements. A well-structured Wiki can replace the document in some sections completely. Side Note: The corresponding task in Oracle OUM (Oracle Unified Method) is DS.050 ‘Determine Design and Build Standards’ Volker

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  • Dealing with inflexible programmers.

    - by Singleton
    Sometimes programmers who work on a project for long time get inflexible, and it becomes difficult to reason with them. Even if we do manage to convince them, they can be unlikely to implement our suggestions. For instance, I recently joined a project where the build & release process is too complicated and has unnecessary roadblocks. I suggested that we get rid of some of the development overhead (like filling a few spreadsheets) just by integrating defect management and version control tools (both are IBM-Rational tools so integration can be a very easy one-off effort). Also, if we use tools like Maven & Ant (the project involves Java and some COTS products) build & release can be simplified which should reduce manual errors & intervention. I managed to convince others and I'm ready to put in the effort to develop a proof of concept. But the ‘Senior’ developer is not willing, possibly because the current process makes him more valuable. How do we handle this situation without developing friction in the team?

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  • How to determine if a 3D voxel-based room is sealed, efficiently

    - by NigelMan1010
    I've been having some issues with efficiently determining if large rooms are sealed in a voxel-based 3D rooms. I'm at a point where I have tried my hardest to solve the problem without asking for help, but not tried enough to give up, so I'm asking for help. To clarify, sealed being that there are no holes in the room. There are oxygen sealers, which check if the room is sealed, and seal depending on the oxygen input level. Right now, this is how I'm doing it: Starting at the block above the sealer tile (the vent is on the sealer's top face), recursively loop through in all 6 adjacent directions If the adjacent tile is a full, non-vacuum tile, continue through the loop If the adjacent tile is not full, or is a vacuum tile, check if it's adjacent blocks are, recursively. Each time a tile is checked, decrement a counter If the count hits zero, if the last block is adjacent to a vacuum tile, return that the area is unsealed If the count hits zero and the last block is not a vacuum tile, or the recursive loop ends (no vacuum tiles left) before the counter is zero, the area is sealed If the area is not sealed, run the loop again with some changes: Checking adjacent blocks for "breathable air" tile instead of a vacuum tile Instead of using a decrementing counter, continue until no adjacent "breathable air" tiles are found. Once loop is finished, set each checked block to a vacuum tile. Here's the code I'm using: http://pastebin.com/NimyKncC The problem: I'm running this check every 3 seconds, sometimes a sealer will have to loop through hundreds of blocks, and a large world with many oxygen sealers, these multiple recursive loops every few seconds can be very hard on the CPU. I was wondering if anyone with more experience with optimization can give me a hand, or at least point me in the right direction. Thanks a bunch.

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  • Why does Unity not extend to my 2nd monitor, even when it is displaying an X-Screen?

    - by Gridwalker
    I recently added a 2nd video card to my system, but unity refuses to extend my desktop over to the second screen. Although the secondary monitor initialises when I boot and I can move the mouse cursor over to the 2nd screen, the screen is otherwise blank (showing no wallpaper or interface elements) and I am unable to move any windows to this monitor. Moving the mouse cursor over to the 2nd monitor changes it from the default cursor to the old-style X cursor, such as the one that appears when you run X-kill, indicating that this screen is initialised in the X Server but that Unity is not recognising it. Although the Nvidia X Server Settings application can see both monitors, the unity systems settings application does not detect the 2nd adapter. Sometimes the additional drivers application can see both adapters, but it doesn't consistently show options for them both. Xrandr also fails to detect the 2nd monitor, but iNex lists both adapters. I have experimented with several different drivers for each adapter and with setting each of the graphics cards as the primary adapter in the BIOS, but this has made little difference. The two adapters are an onboard Geforce 8200 and a PCIE Geforce 7200 GX. The onboard adapter is currently set as the primary, however this adapter crashes whenever I use the Nouveau driver and I have to switch over to the PCIE as a primary whenever I purge the proprietary drivers (switching back when the 304 driver has been reinstalled). It doesn't matter which adapter I set as my primary, the results are the same : one screen showing the unity interface and one screen showing an X-Screen that only displays the mouse cursor. All I want is to be able to run this system in a dual screen configuration. I am not a gamer, nor do I require 3D rendering capabilities. Anything you can suggest to get the desktop to extend across both screens will be massively appreciated!

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  • Threading models when talking to hardware devices

    - by Fuzz
    When writing an interface to hardware over a communication bus, communications timing can sometimes be critical to the operation of a device. As such, it is common for developers to spin up new threads to handle communications. It can also be a terrible idea to have a whole bunch of threads in your system, an in the case that you have multiple hardware devices you may have many many threads that are out of control of the main application. Certainly it can be common to have two threads per device, one for reading and one for writing. I am trying to determine the pros and cons of the two different models I can think of, and would love the help of the Programmers community. Each device instance gets handles it's own threads (or shares a thread for a communication device). A thread may exist for writing, and one for reading. Requested writes to a device from the API are buffered and worked on by the writer thread. The read thread exists in the case of blocking communications, and uses call backs to pass read data to the application. Timing of communications can be handled by the communications thread. Devices aren't given their own threads. Instead read and write requests are queued/buffered. The application then calls a "DoWork" function on the interface and allows all read and writes to take place and fire their callbacks. Timing is handled by the application, and the driver can request to be called at a given specific frequency. Pros for Item 1 include finer grain control of timing at the communication level at the expense of having control of whats going on at the higher level application level (which for a real time system, can be terrible). Pros for Item 2 include better control over the timing of the entire system for the application, at the expense of allowing each driver to handle it's own business. If anyone has experience with these scenarios, I'd love to hear some ideas on the approaches used.

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  • Build vs Rebuild

    - by prash
    Build means compile and link only the source files that have changed since the last build, while Rebuild means compile and link all source files regardless of whether they changed or not. Build is the normal thing to do and is faster. Sometimes the versions of project target components can get out of sync and rebuild is necessary to make the build successful. In practice, you never need to Clean. Build or Rebuild Solution builds or rebuilds all projects in the your solution, while Build or Rebuild <project name> builds or rebuilds the StartUp project. To set the StartUp project, right click on the desired project name in the Solution Explorer tab and select Set as StartUp project. The project name now appears in bold. Compile just compiles the source file currently being edited. Useful to quickly check for errors when the rest of your source files are in an incomplete state that would prevent a successful build of the entire project. Ctrl-F7 is the shortcut key for Compile. All source files that have changed are saved when you request a build/rebuild, so you don't have to save them first. When you run your executable (F5 or Ctrl-F5), Visual Studio saves all your changed source files and builds anything that changed, so you don't need to explicitly do those steps every time. This allows for quick "trial and error" debugging. Incidentally, if you like those little Visual Studio keyboard shortcuts, you can download posters of the C# and the VB.Net ones, respectively (I am personally a big fan of using keyboard shortcuts :) ).   Visual Studio 2010 http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/en/details.aspx?FamilyID=92ced922-d505-457a-8c9c-84036160639f   Visual Studio 2005 C#: http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=c15d210d-a926-46a8-a586-31f8a2e576fe&DisplayLang=en VB.NET: http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=6bb41456-9378-4746-b502-b4c5f7182203&DisplayLang=en

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  • Is StackOverflow making me stupid? [closed]

    - by Ayush Goyal
    Possible Duplicate: When stuck, how quickly should one resort to Stack Overflow? Its good that solution to almost every programming problem is available at my disposal, either someone has asked it before or programming gurus are waiting for me to post it..sometimes its just the matter of seconds after posting the question and someone points out the error-causing-line or proposes alternate (easier, lightweight and efficient) solution. But today it struck me "is this making me dumb?" In good (umm..not so good) old days I used to figure out the source of my problem and then work it out myself, though it used to eat up lot of time but it helped in developing my logical thinking as it used to make an impression in my mind due to which I tend to avoid that situation in future codes. Now, as soon as I encounter a problem I just give it a shot or two and head towards the community. Many times after looking at the solution it turns out that answer was all in front of me..all I needed was to take a break, hover it once and its solved. Both the approaches make me feel guilty, for wasting time when I could have asked and solved it within minutes OR being too lazy to look over it again before posting the code snippet.

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  • Versioning APIs

    - by Sharon
    Suppose that you have a large project supported by an API base. The project also ships a public API that end(ish) users can use. Sometimes you need to make changes to the API base that supports your project. For example, you need to add a feature that needs an API change, a new method, or requires altering of one of the objects, or the format of one of those objects, passed to or from the API. Assuming that you are also using these objects in your public API, the public objects will also change any time you do this, which is undesirable as your clients may rely on the API objects remaining identical for their parsing code to work. (cough C++ WSDL clients...) So one potential solution is to version the API. But when we say "version" the API, it sounds like this also must mean to version the API objects as well as well as providing duplicate method calls for each changed method signature. So I would then have a plain old clr object for each version of my api, which again seems undesirable. And even if I do this, I surely won't be building each object from scratch as that would end up with vast amounts of duplicated code. Rather, the API is likely to extend the private objects we are using for our base API, but then we run into the same problem because added properties would also be available in the public API when they are not supposed to be. So what is some sanity that is usually applied to this situation? I know many public services such as Git for Windows maintains a versioned API, but I'm having trouble imagining an architecture that supports this without vast amounts of duplicate code covering the various versioned methods and input/output objects. I'm aware that processes such as semantic versioning attempt to put some sanity on when public API breaks should occur. The problem is more that it seems like many or most changes require breaking the public API if the objects aren't more separated, but I don't see a good way to do that without duplicating code.

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  • Moving while doing loop animation in RPGMaker

    - by AzDesign
    I made a custom class to display character portrait in RPGMaker XP Here is the class : class Poser attr_accessor :images def initialize @images = Sprite.new @images.bitmap = RPG::Cache.picture('Character.png') #100x300 @images.x = 540 #place it on the bottom right corner of the screen @images.y = 180 end end Create an event on the map to create an instance as global variable, tada! image popped out. Ok nice. But Im not satisfied, Now I want it to have bobbing-head animation-like (just like when we breathe, sometimes bob our head up and down) so I added another method : def move(x,y) @images.x += x @images.y += y end def animate(x,y,step,delay) forward = true 2.times { step.times { wait(delay) if forward move(x/step,y/step) else move(-x/step,-y/step) end } wait(delay*3) forward = false } end def wait(time) while time > 0 time -= 1 Graphics.update end end I called the method to run the animation and it works, so far so good, but the problem is, WHILE the portrait goes up and down, I cannot move my character until the animation is finished. So that's it, I'm stuck in the loop block, what I want is to watch the portrait moving up and down while I walk around village, talk to npc, etc. Anyone can solve my problem ? Or better solution ? Thanks in advance

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  • How to make an Actor follow my finger

    - by user48352
    I'm back with another question that may be really simple. I've a texture drawn on my spritebatch and I'm making it move up or down (y-axis only) with Libgdx's Input Handler: touchDown and touchUp. @Override public boolean touchDown(int screenX, int screenY, int pointer, int button) { myWhale.touchDownY = screenY; myWhale.isTouched = true; return true; } @Override public boolean touchUp(int screenX, int screenY, int pointer, int button) { myWhale.isTouched = false; return false; } myWhale is an object from Whale Class where I move my texture position: public void update(float delta) { this.delta = delta; if(isTouched){ dragWhale(); } } public void dragWhale() { if(Gdx.input.getY(0) - touchDownY < 0){ if(Gdx.input.getY(0)<position.y+height/2){ position.y = position.y - velocidad*delta; } } else{ if(Gdx.input.getY(0)>position.y+height/2){ position.y = position.y + velocidad*delta; } } } So the object moves to the center of the position where the person is pressing his/her finger and most of the time it works fine but the object seems to take about half a second to move up or down and sometimes when I press my finger it wont move. Maybe there's another simplier way to do this. I'd highly appreciate if someone points me on the right direction.

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  • What's the proper term for a function inverse to a constructor - to unwrap a value from a data type?

    - by Petr Pudlák
    Edit: I'm rephrasing the question a bit. Apparently I caused some confusion because I didn't realize that the term destructor is used in OOP for something quite different - it's a function invoked when an object is being destroyed. In functional programming we (try to) avoid mutable state so there is no such equivalent to it. (I added the proper tag to the question.) Instead, I've seen that the record field for unwrapping a value (especially for single-valued data types such as newtypes) is sometimes called destructor or perhaps deconstructor. For example, let's have (in Haskell): newtype Wrap = Wrap { unwrap :: Int } Here Wrap is the constructor and unwrap is what? The questions are: How do we call unwrap in functional programming? Deconstructor? Destructor? Or by some other term? And to clarify, is this/other terminology applicable to other functional languages, or is it used just in the Haskell? Perhaps also, is there any terminology for this in general, in non-functional languages? I've seen both terms, for example: ... Most often, one supplies smart constructors and destructors for these to ease working with them. ... at Haskell wiki, or ... The general theme here is to fuse constructor - deconstructor pairs like ... at Haskell wikibook (here it's probably meant in a bit more general sense), or newtype DList a = DL { unDL :: [a] -> [a] } The unDL function is our deconstructor, which removes the DL constructor. ... in The Real World Haskell.

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  • Can too much abstraction be bad?

    - by m3th0dman
    As programmers I feel that our goal is to provide good abstractions on the given domain model and business logic. But where should this abstraction stop? How to make the trade-off between abstraction and all it's benefits (flexibility, ease of changing etc.) and ease of understanding the code and all it's benefits. I believe I tend to write code overly abstracted and I don't know how good is it; I often tend to write it like it is some kind of a micro-framework, which consists of two parts: Micro-Modules which are hooked up in the micro-framework: these modules are easy to be understood, developed and maintained as single units. This code basically represents the code that actually does the functional stuff, described in requirements. Connecting code; now here I believe stands the problem. This code tends to be complicated because it is sometimes very abstracted and is hard to be understood at the beginning; this arises due to the fact that it is only pure abstraction, the base in reality and business logic being performed in the code presented 1; from this reason this code is not expected to be changed once tested. Is this a good approach at programming? That it, having changing code very fragmented in many modules and very easy to be understood and non-changing code very complex from the abstraction POV? Should all the code be uniformly complex (that is code 1 more complex and interlinked and code 2 more simple) so that anybody looking through it can understand it in a reasonable amount of time but change is expensive or the solution presented above is good, where "changing code" is very easy to be understood, debugged, changed and "linking code" is kind of difficult. Note: this is not about code readability! Both code at 1 and 2 is readable, but code at 2 comes with more complex abstractions while code 1 comes with simple abstractions.

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  • Getting started on Large Projects

    - by Mercfh
    So I just graduated from my College with a B.S. in Comp. Science (although it was a good school, we're the only accredited CS department in our state.....for w/e that means lol) I feel like im a decent programmer, not amazing....but not terrible. Anyways I got my first job about 2 weeks ago, it's a pretty entry level job: firmware development/tester (I know I know people look down on testers...but I gotta start somewhere). Anyways there isn't a whole lot of coding to be had right now (mostly simple stuff) but here soon I have the option of helping out with development (which is what I want to do) Thing is....I have NEVER worked on a huge project. I mean in school sure we had "group" projects but nothing really big. So I'm not super familiar with HUGE classes and such (main language was C++)....Is this something I'll just get used to with time? Some fellow students were used to that with internships and such...but I never got that chance. My job was mostly a "one man job" kinda thing. Mostly little things. Plus in class we never did huge projects anyways. So how do you guys I guess "plan" out these things? Do you use a whiteboard and plan out classes and such....or what. Also...another worry of mine is that I have to use google......ALOT for examples of code, because sometimes I just don't get how something works. Is this normal? It makes me feel sorta.....stupid I guess. I mean "technically" i've had 4-5 years coding experience......but it really only feels like I had 2 years of REAL experience. If that makes any sense? Thanks

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  • Proper method to update and draw from game loop?

    - by Lost_Soul
    Recently I've took up the challenge for myself to create a basic 2d side scrolling monster truck game for my little brother. Which seems easy enough in theory. After working with XNA it seems strange jumping into Java (which is what I plan to program it in). Inside my game class I created a private class called GameLoop that extends from Runnable, then in the overridden run() method I made a while loop that handles time and such and I implemented a targetFPS for drawing as well. The loop looks like this: @Override public void run() { long fpsTime = 0; gameStart = System.currentTimeMillis(); lastTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); while(game.isGameRunning()) { currentTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); long ellapsedTime = currentTime - lastTime; if(mouseState.leftIsDown) { que.add(new Dot(mouseState.getPosition())); } entities.addAll(que); game.updateGame(ellapsedTime); fpsTime += ellapsedTime; if(fpsTime >= (1000 / targetedFPS)) { game.drawGame(ellapsedTime); } lastTime = currentTime; } The problem I've ran into is adding of entities after a click. I made a class that has another private class that extends MouseListener and MouseMotionListener then on changes I have it set a few booleans to tell me if the mouse is pressed or not which seems to work great but when I add the entity it throws a CME (Concurrent Modification Exception) sometimes. I have all the entities stored in a LinkedList so later I tried adding a que linkedlist where I later add the que to the normal list in the update loop. I think this would work fine if it was just the update method in the gameloop but with the repaint() method (called inside game.drawGame() method) it throws the CME. The only other thing is that I'm currently drawing directly from the overridden paintComponent() method in a custom class that extends JPanel. Maybe there is a better way to go about this? As well as fix my CME? Thanks in advance!!!

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  • "Programming error" exceptions - Is my approach sound?

    - by Medo42
    I am currently trying to improve my use of exceptions, and found the important distinction between exceptions that signify programming errors (e.g. someone passed null as argument, or called a method on an object after it was disposed) and those that signify a failure in the operation that is not the caller's fault (e.g. an I/O exception). As far as I understand, it makes little sense for an immediate caller to actually handle programming error exceptions, he should instead assure that the preconditions are met. Only "outer" exception handlers at task boundaries should catch them, so they can keep the system running if a task fails. In order to ensure that client code can cleanly catch "failure" exceptions without catching error exceptions by mistake, I create my own exception classes for all failure exceptions now, and document them in the methods that throw them. I would make them checked exceptions in Java. Now I have a few questions: Before, I tried to document all exceptions that a method could throw, but that sometimes creates an unwiedly list that needs to be documented in every method up the call chain until you can show that the error won't happen. Instead, I document the preconditions in the summary / parameter descriptions and don't even mention what happens if they are not met. The idea is that people should not try to catch these exceptions explicitly anyway, so there is no need to document their types. Would you agree that this is enough? Going further, do you think all preconditions even need to be documented for every method? For example, calling methods in IDisposable objects after calling Dispose is an error, but since IDisposable is such a widely used interface, can I just assume a programmer will know this? A similar case is with reference type parameters where passing null makes no conceivable sense: Should I document "non-null" anyway? IMO, documentation should only cover things that are not obvious, but I am not sure where "obvious" ends.

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  • Ubuntu 11.10 not starting in Graphical mode?

    - by iammilind
    I am in deep trouble. I am using Ubuntu 11.10 in dual boot mode with XP. Originally my touch pad was not working, (sometimes). To fix that, I installed something. After reboot my Ubuntu is not booting up!! I have several software pkgs already installed in past several weeks so reinstall of OS is my last resort. Can someone help me to get it rebooted in graphical mode? I had followed the procedure mentioned in this thread as well. With that link, somehow I am able to restart in text mode. But no luck after that. I am not being able to go back on graphical mode. The important outputs of lspci are following: 00.00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Mobile PM965/GM965/GL960 Memory Controller Hub (rev 0c) 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Mobile GM965/GL960 Integrated Graphics Controller (primary) (rev 0c) 00:02.0 Display controller: Intel Corporation Mobile GM965/GL960 Integrated Graphics Controller (primary) (rev 0c) I am attaching few snapshots, for more details on hardware.

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  • Parameterized Django models

    - by mgibsonbr
    In principle, a single Django application can be reused in two or more projects, providing functionality relevent to both. That implies that the same database structure (tables and relations) will be re-created identically in different databases, and most times this is not a problem (assuming the projects/databases are unrelated - for instance when someone downloads a complete app to use in their own projects). Sometimes, however, the models must be "tweaked" a little to better fit the problem needs. This can be accomplished by forking the app, but I wondered if there wouldn't be a better option in cases where the app designer can anticipate the most common customizations. For instance, if I have a model that could relate to another as one-to-one or one-to-many, I could specify the unique property as a parameter, that can be specified in the project's settings: class This(models.Model): other = models.ForeignKey(Other, unique=settings.OTHER_TO_THIS) Or if a model can relate to many others, I could create an intermediate table for each of them (thus enforcing referential integrity) instead of using generic fks: for related in settings.MODELS_RELATED_TO_OTHER: model_name = '%s_Other' % related globals()[model_name] = type(model_name, (models.Model,) { me:models.ForeignKey(find_model_class(related)), other:models.ForeignKey(Other), # Some other properties all intersection tables must have }) Etc. Let me stress out that I'm not proposing to change the models at runtime nor anything like that; once the parameters were defined and syncdb called for the first time, those parameters are not to be changed again (unless you're doing a schema migration). Is this a good design? Are there better ways to accomplish the same thing, or maybe drawbacks I coulnd't anticipate? This technique is meant to be used sparingly (only on apps meant to be reused in wildly different contexts, and only when a specific need of customization can be detected while the app model is being designed).

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  • One monitor getting spilled over into other monitor: how to do a 100% reset of gnome graphics configuration

    - by Paul Nathan
    I had to kill a VMWare process and afterwards, my monitor's configuration is buggy. I have 2 monitors in a side-by-side configuration. My right-hand monitor is the secondary monitor. Upon its right-hand side there are about 50 pixels showing from the left side of the lefthand monitor (ie, as if it was wrapped around). Further, my mouse clicks are registering as about 50 pixels sideways from where they should be. It's as if those 50 pixels between monitors got gobbled. What have I done? I've reset the screen configuration in multiple ways, using xrandr, multiple monitors app, etc. This persists in different side-by-side configurations, and also persists with another user. It does not occur with XFCE. Resetting the Window manager with the Compiz reset WM app does not fix this. I've concluded the burn-to-the-ground approach is likely the best, and would like to do a 100% reset of my graphics settings. It's an Intel integrated chipset. Removing ~/.config/monitors.xml did not work. Also, interestingly, the mouse can mouse-over the 50 errant pixels on the rhs of the right-hand monitor. I hypothesize that it's a compositing problem occurring at the layer where the background, selection, and clicks are caught. Also, inverting the right-hand monitor removes the issue, but renders the screen unusable. Even more datapoints: This happens in KDE as well Sometimes logging into Gnome and running xrandr --output DVI1 --auto resets it, but the issue immediately reappears when I press alt-tab. With Compiz Application Switch turned on, the workspace is 'pushed back' a bit, and the slice on the RHS follows it as well. I'm wondering if it's a flaw in the compiz workspace compositing configuration. I suspect the error was in the compositing configuration. I installed 11.10.

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  • Are injectable classes allowed to have constructor parameters in DI?

    - by Songo
    Given the following code: class ClientClass{ public function print(){ //some code to calculate $inputString $parser= new Parser($inputString); $result= $parser->parse(); } } class Parser{ private $inputString; public __construct($inputString){ $this->inputString=$inputString; } public function parse(){ //some code } } Now the ClientClass has dependency on class Parser. However, if I wanted to use Dependency Injection for unit testing it would cause a problem because now I can't send the input string to the parser constructor like before as its calculated inside ClientCalss itself: class ClientClass{ private $parser; public __construct(Parser $parser){ $this->parser=$parser; } public function print(){ //some code to calculate $inputString $result= $this->parser->parse(); //--> will throw an exception since no string was provided } } The only solution I found was to modify all my classes that took parameters in their constructors to utilize Setters instead (example: setInputString()). However, I think there might be a better solution than this because sometimes modifying existing classes can cause much harm than benefit. So, Are injectable classes not allowed to have input parameters? If a class must take input parameters in its constructor, what would be the way to inject it properly? UPDATE Just for clarification, the problem happens when in my production code I decide to do this: $clientClass= new ClientClass(new Parser($inputString));//--->I have no way to predict $inputString as it is calculated inside `ClientClass` itself. UPDATE 2 Again for clarification, I'm trying to find a general solution to the problem not for this example code only because some of my classes have 2, 3 or 4 parameters in their constructors not only one.

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  • Why does my root filesystem keep becoming read-only?

    - by Scott Severance
    I've lately been having an issue with my root filesystem becoming readonly. It happens some amount of time after boot. I don't know exactly when it happens, as I don't usually notice it until something such as suspending the computer or printing fails. It seems to be fairly random. Since most of my system is on that partition, I can't re-mount it without rebooting. After this happens, the system runs a fsck. Sometimes it prompts to fix problems; other times it apparently finds none. To troubleshoot, I've searched through the logs but found nothing relevant. This might be due in part to not knowing when the actual errors took place. The filesystem is apparently good to begin with, as when fsck runs its fixes it doesn't report any errors. I've scanned the disk with SpinRite. A while ago, SpinRite found and recovered from some bad sectors on the hard drive. I ran a level 4 scan (a thorough scan) after this probem appeared, but SpinRite found nothing. The SMART data reports that the disk is OK with 63 bad sectors. The number of bad sectors hasn't changed recently. I realize that the disk isn't in the best of conditions, and I have complete backups in case of catastrophic failure. Yet the lack of errors in the logs, combined with SpinRite's test results and the unchanged SMART data makes me think that this problem has some cause other than disk failure. Other than disk failure, what could cause my symptoms?

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  • Unified data source for k2 installed Joomla websites

    - by Özkan ÖZLÜ
    I am responsible for a few web sites of my organization. I use Joomla! 2.5.9 for those web sites. They all are running at the same server. I use K2 component for content managing. I have a general website in which shows all the staff information at the 'Staff' page. Also some of those people and their contents are shown in another department's website. So, there are databases for each web site. For example: In the general website (let's say general.org), when I click on the 'Staff' menu item, page shows all of the people work at my organization. Also they work at different departments. In another web site (eg: education.general.org) when I click on the 'Staff' menu item, it shows the people work at education department. But for each web site, I have different user accounts which means a modification in one of them does not affect the other one. If the one of the education staff tries to change his profile picture on the education web site, he also has to do it on the general web site. And sometimes one person might be working at two departments. Thus he has to edit three times of his data. Is it possible to merge the records for all websites? In other words, I want everyone to insert/update their data on the general web site, and the other web sites will be updated automatically.

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