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  • What are the alternatives to fixed-price or time-and-materials contracts for software development?

    - by Fortuity
    Where can I learn more about pros/cons of various pricing models for software development? Proponents of agile methodology suggest approaches such as multi-stage contracts, target cost contracts, target schedule contracts, shared benefit contracts, variable scope contracts (http://poppendieck.com/agilecontracts.htm). I'm looking for opinions, experience, case studies or informed discussion of these approaches.

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  • ssh -X "Xt error: Can't open display: :0.0"

    - by Fabian
    I'm trying to open xterm on my remote server (Ubuntu Server 10.04) with ssh: ssh -X name@machine xterm but the error returned is: xterm Xt error: Can't open display: :0.0` I googled and tried everything I found. Still getting this error. The DISPLAY-variable should be set automatically, right? Part of sshd_config: X11Forwarding yes X11DisplayOffset 10 PrintMotd no PrintLastLog yes TCPKeepAlive yes Any advice?

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  • Google Analytics: Block Your Dynamic IP Visits?

    - by 4thSpace
    I have a dynamic IP, which doesn't work for Google Analytics IP filtering. I read this post How to excludes my visits from Google Analytics? but don't see any code for setting the variable mentioned there. Has anyone been able to block their website visits from Google Analytics using a cookie? EDIT: This seems to work https://tools.google.com/dlpage/gaoptout. Although I don't think it was designed as I'm using it.

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  • mod_rewrite capturing domain and tld

    - by sameold
    I'm using mod_write to rewrite this www.variabledomain.variableext to http://my.com/variabledomain.variableext Note that variabledomain and variableext are really variable, so I can't hardcode them. I'm not an expert at mod_rewrite, but I thought something like would work, but it isn't. Any ideas what I should be doing instead. RewriteRule ^(.*)\.(.*)\.(.*)$ http://my.com/$2\.$3 [R=301,L]

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  • Is there any reason in a Java program for a special naming for a function arguments?

    - by gasan
    I'd like to know, why would I want to have a special prefixes for a function arguments, like "p_name", "p_age", "p_sex"? On the one hand it helps to distinguish parameter from local variable or field further in the function body, but would it help? On the other hand, I didn't saw such naming recommendations anywhere including official Java language conventions. Please advise any reasons for using such naming policy

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  • Are closures with side-effects considered "functional style"?

    - by Giorgio
    Many modern programming languages support some concept of closure, i.e. of a piece of code (a block or a function) that Can be treated as a value, and therefore stored in a variable, passed around to different parts of the code, be defined in one part of a program and invoked in a totally different part of the same program. Can capture variables from the context in which it is defined, and access them when it is later invoked (possibly in a totally different context). Here is an example of a closure written in Scala: def filterList(xs: List[Int], lowerBound: Int): List[Int] = xs.filter(x => x >= lowerBound) The function literal x => x >= lowerBound contains the free variable lowerBound, which is closed (bound) by the argument of the function filterList that has the same name. The closure is passed to the library method filter, which can invoke it repeatedly as a normal function. I have been reading a lot of questions and answers on this site and, as far as I understand, the term closure is often automatically associated with functional programming and functional programming style. The definition of function programming on wikipedia reads: In computer science, functional programming is a programming paradigm that treats computation as the evaluation of mathematical functions and avoids state and mutable data. It emphasizes the application of functions, in contrast to the imperative programming style, which emphasizes changes in state. and further on [...] in functional code, the output value of a function depends only on the arguments that are input to the function [...]. Eliminating side effects can make it much easier to understand and predict the behavior of a program, which is one of the key motivations for the development of functional programming. On the other hand, many closure constructs provided by programming languages allow a closure to capture non-local variables and change them when the closure is invoked, thus producing a side effect on the environment in which they were defined. In this case, closures implement the first idea of functional programming (functions are first-class entities that can be moved around like other values) but neglect the second idea (avoiding side-effects). Is this use of closures with side effects considered functional style or are closures considered a more general construct that can be used both for a functional and a non-functional programming style? Is there any literature on this topic? IMPORTANT NOTE I am not questioning the usefulness of side-effects or of having closures with side effects. Also, I am not interested in a discussion about the advantages / disadvantages of closures with or without side effects. I am only interested to know if using such closures is still considered functional style by the proponent of functional programming or if, on the contrary, their use is discouraged when using a functional style.

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  • Using Dynamic LINQ to get a filter for my Web API

    - by Espo
    We are considering using the Dynamic.CS linq-sample included in the "Samples" directory of visual studio 2008 for our WebAPI project to allow clients to query our data. The interface would be something like this (In addition to the normal GET-methods): public HttpResponseMessage List(string filter = null); The plan is to use the dynamic library to parse the "filter"-variable and then execute the query agains the DB. Any thoughts if this is a good idea? Is it a security problem?

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  • More elegant way to avoid hard coding the format of a a CSV file?

    - by dsollen
    I know this is trivial issue, but I just feel this can be more elegant. So I need to write/read data files for my program, lets say they are CSV for now. I can implement the format as I see fit, but I may have need to change that format later. The simply thing to do is something like out.write(For.getValue()+","+bar.getMinValue()+","+fi.toString()); This is easy to write, but obviously is guilty of hard coding and the general 'magic number' issue. The format is hard-coded, requires parsing of the code to figure out the file format, and changing the format requires changing multiple methods. I could instead have my constants specifying the location that I want each variable to be saved in the CSV file to remove some of the 'magic numbers'; then save/load into the an array at the location specified by the constants: int FOO_LOCATION=0; int BAR_MIN_VAL_LOCATION=1; int FI_LOCATION=2 int NUM_ARGUMENTS=3; String[] outputArguments=new String[NUM_ARGUMENTS]; outputArguments[FOO_LOCATION] = foo.getValue(); outputArgumetns[BAR_MIN_VAL_LOCATION] = bar.getMinValue(); outptArguments[FI_LOCATOIN==fi.toString(); writeAsCSV(outputArguments); But this is...extremely verbose and still a bit ugly. It makes it easy to see the format of existing CSV and to swap the location of variables within the file easily. However, if I decide to add an extra value to the csv I need to not only add a new constant, but also modify the read and write methods to add the logic that actually saves/reads the argument from the array; I still have to hunt down every method using these variables and change them by hand! If I use Java enums I can clean this up slightly, but the real issue is still present. Short of some sort of functional programming (and java's inner classes are too ugly to be considered functional) I still have no obvious way of clearly expressing what variable is associated with each constant short of writing (and maintaining) it in the read/write methods. For instance I still need to write somewhere that the FOO_LOCATION specifies the location of foo.getValue(). It seems as if there should be a prettier, easier to maintain, manner for approaching this? Incidentally, I'm working in java at the moment, however, I am interested conceptually about the design approach regardless of language. Some library in java that does all the work for me is definitely welcome (though it may prove more hassle to get permission to add it to the codebase then to just write something by hand quickly), but what I'm really asking is more about how to write elegant code if you had to do this by hand.

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  • Unintentional run-in with C# thread concurrency

    - by geekrutherford
    For the first time today we began conducting load testing on a ASP.NET application already in production. Obviously you would normally want to load test prior to releasing to a production environment, but that isn't the point here.   We ran a test which simulated 5 users hitting the application doing the same actions simultaneously. The first few pages visited seemed fine and then things just hung for a while before the test failed. While the test was running I was viewing the performance counters on the server noting that the CPU was consistently pegged at 100% until the testing tool gave up.   Fortunately the application logs all exceptions including those unhandled to the database (thanks to log4net). I checked the log and low and behold the error was:   System.ArgumentException: An item with the same key has already been added. (The rest of the stack trace intentionally omitted)   Since the code was running with debug on the line number where the exception occured was also provided. I began inspecting the code and almost immediately it hit me, the section of code responsible for the exception is trying to initialize a static class. My next question was how is this code being hit multiple times when I have a rudimentary check already in place to prevent this kind of thing (i.e. a check on a public variable of the static class before entering the initializing routine). The answer...the check fails because the value is not set before other threads have already made it through.   Not being one who consistently works with threading I wasn't quite sure how to handle this problem. Fortunately a co-worker recalled having to lock a section of code in the past but couldn't recall exactly how. After a quick search on Google the solution is as follows:   Object objLock = new Object(); lock(objLock) { //logic requiring lock }   The lock statement takes an object and tells the .NET runtime that the current thread has exclusive access while the code within brackets is executing. Once the code completes, the lock is released for another thread to utilize.   In my case, I only need to execute the inner code once to initialize my static class. So within the brackets I have a check on a public variable to prevent it from being initialized again.

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  • How do I select a field/column from the output of `ls -l`?

    - by soandos
    My goal is deceptively simple (at least to me). I wish to take the output of ls -l or ls -lh and select just one field. I am looking for this to be as bulletproof as possible, by which I mean, assume that filenames can have a variable number of spaces, not everything in the field has the same length, etc. Bonus points for having a script that will take the name of the the field (or even just a field number), and then return the contents of the field. I want to turn into:

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  • Brief material on C++ object-lifetime management and on passing and returning values/references

    - by dsign
    I was wondering if anybody can point to a post, pdf, or excerpt of a book containing the rules for C++ variable life-times and best practices for passing and returning function parameters. Things like when to pass by value and by reference, how to share ownership, avoid unnecessary copies, etc. This is not for a particular problem of mine, I've been programming in C++ for long enough to know the rules by instinct, but it is something that a lot of newcomers to the language stumble with, and I would be glad to point them to such a thing.

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  • How can I create a flexible system for tiling a 2D RPG map?

    - by CptSupermrkt
    Using libgdx here. I've just finished learning some of the basics of creating a 2D environment and using an OrthographicCamera to view it. The tutorials I went through, however, hardcoded their tiled map in, and none made mention of how to do it any other way. By tiled map, I mean like Final Fantasy 1, where the world map is a grid of squares, each with a different texture. So for example, I've got a 6 tile x 6 tile map, using the following code: Array<Tile> tiles = new Array<Tile>(); tiles.add(new Tile(new Vector2(0,5), TileType.FOREST)); tiles.add(new Tile(new Vector2(1,5), TileType.FOREST)); tiles.add(new Tile(new Vector2(2,5), TileType.FOREST)); tiles.add(new Tile(new Vector2(3,5), TileType.GRASS)); tiles.add(new Tile(new Vector2(4,5), TileType.STONE)); tiles.add(new Tile(new Vector2(5,5), TileType.STONE)); //... x5 more times. Given the random nature of the environment, for loops don't really help as I have to start and finish a loop before I was able to do enough to make it worth setting up the loop. I can see how a loop might be helpful for like tiling an ocean or something, but not in the above case. The above code DOES get me my final desired output, however, if I were to decide I wanted to move a piece or swap two pieces out, oh boy, what a nightmare, even with just a 6x6 test piece, much less a 1000x1000 world map. There must be a better way of doing this. Someone on some post somewhere (can't find it now, of course) said to check out MapEditor. Looks legit. The question is, if that is the answer, how can I make something in MapEditor and have the output map plug in to a variable in my code? I need the tiles as objects in my code, because for example, I determine whether or not a tile is can be passed through or collided with based on my TileTyle enum variable. Are there alternative/language "native" (i.e. not using an outside tool) methods to doing this?

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  • Using Visual Studio 2010s Debugger PIN Feature

    One of the very cool new features in Visual Studio 2010 is the ability to Pin a variable you are watching, right in the place you want to see it.  Its always been a hassle to have to add a Watch and keep track of it among all your other watch variables.  I guess I [...]...Did you know that DotNetSlackers also publishes .net articles written by top known .net Authors? We already have over 80 articles in several categories including Silverlight. Take a look: here.

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  • SDL - Getting a single keypress event instead of a keystate?

    - by MrKatSwordfish
    Right now I'm working on a simple SDL project, but I've hit an issue when trying to get a single keypress event to skip past a splash screen. Right now, there are 4 start-up splash screens that I would like to be able to skip with a single keypress (of any key). My issue is that, as of now, if I hold down a key, it skips through each splash screen to the very last one immediately. The splash screens are stored as an array of SDL surfaces which are all loaded at the initialization of the state. I have an variable called currentSplashImage that controls which element of the array is being rendered on the screen. I've set it up so that whenever there's a SDL_KEYDOWN event, it triggers a single incrementation of the currentSplashImage variable. So, I'm really not sure why my code isn't working correctly. For some reason, when I hold down a button, it seems to be treating the held button as a new key press event every time it ticks through the code. Does anyone know how I can go about fixing this issue? [Here's a snippet of code that I've been using...] void SplashScreenState::handleEvents() { SDL_PollEvent( &localEvent ); if ( localEvent.type == SDL_KEYDOWN ) { if ( currentSplashImage < 3 && currentSplashImage >= 0) { currentSplashImage++; } } else if ( localEvent.type == SDL_QUIT ) { smgaEngine.setRunning(false); } } I should also mention that the SDL_Event 'localEvent' is part of the GameState parent class, while this event handling code is part of a SplashScreenState subclass. If anyone knows why this is happening, or if there is any way to improve my code, It'd be helpful to me! :D I'm still a very new programmer, trying to learn. UPDATE: I added a std::cout line to that the code runs multiple times with a single KEYDOWN event. I also tried disabling SDL_EnableKeyRepeat, but it didn't fix the issue. void SplashScreenState::handleEvents() { SDL_PollEvent( &localEvent ); if ( localEvent.type == SDL_KEYDOWN ) { if ( currentSplashImage < 3 && currentSplashImage >= 0) { currentSplashImage++; std::cout << "KEYDOWN.."; //<---- test cout line } } else if ( localEvent.type == SDL_QUIT ) { smgaEngine.setRunning(false); } } This prints out "KEYDOWN..KEYDOWN..KEYDOWN.." in the cout stream when a button is held.

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  • State Transition Constraints

    Data Validation in a database is a lot more complex than seeing if a string parameter really is an integer. A commercial world is full of complex rules for sequences of procedures, of fixed or variable lifespans, Warranties, commercial offers and bids. All this requires considerable subtlety to prevent bad data getting in, and if it does, locating and fixing the problem. Joe Celko shows how useful a State transition graph can be, and how essential it can become with the time aspect added.

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  • Heroku augmente son support des technologies Java : couche de mise en cache, serveur Tomcat et plugins pour Eclipse et Atlassian

    Heroku augmente son support des technologies Java Couche de mise en cache, serveur Tomcat et plug-in pour Eclipse et Atlassian Salesforce.com, l'entreprise dirigeante de Heroku, a lancé mercredi une nouvelle variable de sa plateforme, dite "Entreprise for Java", qui supporte un ensemble de technologies et outils nécessaires au développement d'applications Java. [IMG]http://idelways.developpez.com/news/images/heroku-java.png[/IMG] La plateforme Cloud Heroku opère depuis 2007 et a été rachetée en 2010 par le spécialiste mondial des CRM Salesforce.com. Elle permet aux développeurs de construire, déployer et étendre des applications Web en mode PaaS,...

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  • MySQL Prepared Statements to Generate Crosstab SQL

    MySQL Reporting requirements sometimes require both unknown column and row values, necessitating a more powerful means of generating crosstabs. Today's article presents Prepared Statements, which dynamically generate the SQL and assign it to a variable so that we can tailor the output based on the number of data values.

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  • MySQL Prepared Statements to Generate Crosstab SQL

    MySQL Reporting requirements sometimes require both unknown column and row values, necessitating a more powerful means of generating crosstabs. Today's article presents Prepared Statements, which dynamically generate the SQL and assign it to a variable so that we can tailor the output based on the number of data values.

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  • MySQL Prepared Statements to Generate Crosstab SQL

    <b>Database Journal:</b> "MySQL Reporting requirements sometimes require both unknown column and row values, necessitating a more powerful means of generating crosstabs. Today's article presents Prepared Statements, which dynamically generate the SQL and assign it to a variable so that we can tailor the output based on the number of data values."

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  • In C and C++, what methods can prevent accidental use of the assignment(=) where equivalence(==) is needed?

    - by DeveloperDon
    In C and C++, it is very easy to write the following code with a serious error. char responseChar = getchar(); int confirmExit = 'y' == tolower(responseChar); if (confirmExit = 1) { exit(0); } The error is that the if statement should have been: if (confirmExit == 1) As coded, it will exit every time, because the assignment of the confirmExit variable occurs, then confirmExit is used as the result of the expression. Are there good ways to prevent this kind of error?

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  • 13.04: update-initramfs works but mkinitramfs fails from APT

    - by Phil2.0
    I'm experiencing a strange thing, I've freshly upgraded from 12.10 to 13.04, Everything is fine except that it can't build the initrd image automatically, it fails and prints out the mkinitramfs's Usage output. I tried to debug the "mkinitramfs" script and it appears the $outfile variable is never set. However, I'm able to produce the ramdisk manually like follow: update-initramfs -c -u 3.0.8-23-generic I tried most of the stuff seen on the net: purge, reinstall but no help but nothing, and I can't use linux-image is marked as "broken" but the kernel exists in /boot.

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  • when including a file using php function not work?

    - by John Smiith
    MY PHP FUNCTION IS function functionName() { include($_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT']."/path/file.php"); } Content of File.php is $foo = 'bar'; Calling function (content of file test.php) functionName(); When call function and variable not work echo $foo; <- not works But when adding code below its works (content of file test.php) include($_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT']."/path/file.php"); echo $foo; <- its works

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  • an error in .profile file prevents the system from booting?

    - by nafaa
    I tryied to set the JAVA_HOME environmet variable in the ~/.profile file and I made a mistake JAVA_HOME="/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.6.0_37" PATH=$JAVA_HOME:PATH the error is in the PATH referencing. I put PATH rather than $PATH. this prevents me from login. I tried to edit the file using the recovery mode but it says that the file system is read only. so any suggestions how to deal with this issue. thanks

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  • More than 5 custom variables across multiple websites using Google Analytics

    - by brakes
    We have multiple websites using the same Google Analytics account number so we can track visitors across multiple websites. One of these websites has set 5 custom variables. We want to introduce a new custom variable to track logged in users for our single sign-on (SSO) system to find out what parts of which website they are accessing. Is this possible or is it a case that all the custom variables have been used up by 1 of the sites?

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