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• wireless router - configuring for low-latency, high traffic environment

  - by Mark C

  Hey all, I have a few questions about configuring a router to achieve low-latency, high speed throughput on a local area network that is not connected to the internet. I've read up on some stuff, but thought I would solicit some opinions here on what I've found and what I want to know.... Turn off SSID broadcast - it produces extraneous packets that all clients receive and reply (?) to. Not a huge deal, but it may help a bit. Mixed-mode off - I should attempt to have all devices using the same standard (e.g. 802.11n) and turn mixed-mode off. Any thoughts on security? Does having WEP or any of the WPA variants actually increase latency? Nothing super secure is going over this LAN so if turning security off made things better, that'd be cool. Any other thoughts or things to focus on to create the low latency environment I'm trying to go for would be great. Links to webpages and papers are also cool. I'm open to go through a bunch of stuff. Thanks in advance!

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• Windows 7 DVD doesn't boot up, neither does USB. :'(

  - by Manan Shah

  My problem is that i'm not able to install windows 7. Been trying to install this since past 1 week. The methods i've tried are: I have a windows 7 bootable DVD which doesnt boot up. (I've set BIOS to boot from DVD ROM first but it just won't boot from the DVD). Tried to install Windows 7 from the same DVD to a friend's PC and it worked. So the DVD has no issues. I tried to run 'Setup.exe' from within the DVD. The two options pop-up 'Check compatibility' and 'Install now'. On clicking install now, after sometime, an error is encountered with the message 'Windows was unable to create a required installation folder' error code:0x8007000D. I am running Windows XP Professional and there's only one user on the PC which is the Admin, so i do not know why is the setup not getting permissions. I've also uninstalled my antivirus, CD burning software, disabled firewall and disconnected all other devices, but its still the same. I tried to install it from a USB device by making it bootable but that too doesnt work. (Yes the mobo supports booting from the USB). The problem is that XP does not recognize a 'USB' device on boot. Rather it shows this USB stick as a removable 'Hard Drive'. Furthermore, i changed the order of Hard Drive boot to boot from this removable Hard Drive first, it still boots my existing OS. Is there anything else that can be done? Any help would be greatly appreciated. :) Please ask if any other information is required, this post is becomimg increasingly long to add any other details. PS: I want to dual boot windows 7 with my existing XP, but that would be after i manage to run the windows 7 setup in the first place. PPS: Please bare with any 'not-so-technical' terms, i am a beginner with this. Again, thank you for taking the time and trying to help, really appreciate it. :)

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• Finding Bluetooth link key in Windows 7, to double pair a device on dualboot computer

  - by Ilari Kajaste

  How can I dig up the Bluetooth link key for a paired device in Windows 7? Is this something that is dependent on the Bluetooth stack I'm using (Toshiba), or is there a generic place to store these in Windows 7? Note: I'm not talking about the six-digit code usually typed by the user during pairing - that is worthless since it's discarded after pairing process. What I mean is the 128-bit link key that the devices exchange during pairing, and use thereafter to encrypt all their Bluetooth traffic. Background: I dualboot Windows 7 / Ubuntu on my laptop, and I would like to have my phone paired to both OS's. Since the dualbooting computer has only one Bluetooth adapter and thus only one Bluetooth address, I cannot do two pairings to the phone, since on the second pairing (Windows) the phone just replaces the previous pairing (Linux) to the same Bluetooth address. A thread on Ubuntu forums pointed me to what I have to do - pair first on Linux, then on Windows, and then replace the link key on Linux side with the one Windows negotiated. I can find the Linux side pairing key from /var/lib/Bluetooth/[BD_ADDR]/linkkeys - no problems there. However, on Windows side I can't find the key. According to the forum post, on Windows side the key should be in SYSTEM\ControlSet002\services\BTHPORT\Parameters\Keys\[BD_ADDR] but while that registry key does exist, it has no subkeys. (And a similar registry path in ControlSet001 didn't have any subkeys either.) One thing I've been instructed to do is to capture all events during pairing with Sysinternals Process Monitor. I did this, but I haven't been able to find any useful information from the captured events, not even by exporting the data to a huge XML and grepping that with the BD_ADDRs (with or without colons). So how could I find the link key for a paired device in Windows 7? Some reference information: Wikipedia: Bluetooth, Security Now: Bluetooth security

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• Does anyone know how to "tcpdump" traffic decrypted by Mallory MITM? [migrated]

  - by chriv

  I'm looking for some help in capturing network traffic that I can analyze in Wireshare (or other tools). The tool I'm using is mallory. If anyone is familiar with mallory, I could use some help. I've got it configured and running correctly, but I don't know how to get the output that I want. The setup is on my private network. I have a VM (running Ubuntu 12.04 - precise) with two NICs: eth0 is on my "real" network eth1 is only on my "fake" network, and is using dnsmasq (for DNS and DHCP for other devices on the "fake" network) Effectively eth0 is the "WAN" on my VM, and eth1 is the "LAN" on my VM. I've setup mallory and iptables to intercept, decrypt, encrypt and rewrite all traffic coming in on destination port 443 on eth1. On the device I want intercepted, I have imported the ca.cer that mallory generated as a trusted root certificate. I need to analyze some strange behavior in the HTTPS stream between the client and server, so that's why mallory is setup in between for this MITM. I would like to take the decrypted HTTPS traffic and dump it to either a logfile or a socket in a format compatible with tcpdump/wireshark (so I can collect it later and analyze it). Running tcpdump on eth1 is too soon (it's encrypted), and running tcpdump on eth2 is too late (it's been re-encrypted). Is there a way to make mallory "tcpdump" the decrypted traffic (in both directions)?

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• Intel Ethernet Bottlenecking Internet?

  - by Donald Darma

  I'm having trouble with my internet speeds. So I just recent build a pc and everything is fine. I installed the Intel drivers and connected to the internet. It connects but I'm only half the speed I should be getting. My normal speed is 20mbps but speedtest.net is only showing 10. It can't be my ISP (which is TWC if anyone is asking) because my other devices like my laptop and my smartphone are showing 20 down. Heres my system: CPU: i5 4430 HSF: Stock cooler Mobo: Gigabyte Z87MX-D3H GPU: x2 MSI R7950-3GD5/OC BE RAM: Crucial Ballistix Tactical Tracer 8GB dual channel PSU: Silencer High Performance Power Supply 750 Watt 80+ (It's a subdivision of OCZ) HDD: Seagate Barracuda 7200RPM 3TB SSD: Samsung 840 Evo 120 GB Case: Corsair Obsidian 350D Edit: I am using the stock adapter that is on the motherboard. I know for a fact that the cable is good because I used it on my laptop and it ran fine. Its a CAT5E cable. I also ran IPERF and its giving me the same results, 10 mbps.

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• Grub error 18, gparted not showing anything

  - by Montecristo

  Some week ago I started having some problems with my pc, sometimes it just freezed not allowing me to do anything. I had to turn it off and on and sometimes do it a couple of time even at startup. Now it does not start at all, grub is giving me error 18. I have found that a solution is to create a bootable partition in the first sector of the disk. gparted does not recognize any partition, the window in which there would be my partitions is empty. sudo fdisk -l does not output anything. If I type sudo mount /dev/sda and then tab tab to autocomplete these are the devices coming out: sda sda1 sda2 sda5. If I launch sudo mount -t ext3 /dev/sda1 disk I get the following error: mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sda1, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so dmesg outputs [ 1831.974847] EXT3-fs: unable to read superblock Do you know how to solve this issue? I'm not completely sure this is a software problem, should I try with a new hard disk?

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• Why do I need a managed switch and which one should I buy?

  - by ascanio1

  I bought a 2nd router and I want both routers to have direct WAN access to the modem. One of the 2 routers directs VOIP traffic to a telephone line port. This VOIP service is provided by the cable carrier which also leases the modem & the router. The cable company technician told me that this VOIP line uses IPv6 addressing and therefore I must employ an IPv6 capable/compliant Giga Hub/Switch or my telephone line won't work anymore. Pls advise me (brand/model) an IPv6 compliant, 2 port, switch to purchase. Pls educate me: By reading this forum I thought that hubs broadcast traffic to all ports, regardless of which input/output is being used and so, theoretically, they have nothing to do with IP. Correct? Same story for unmanaged switches, where the only difference is that these latter devices route traffic only to those ports which are detected to be in use. Correct? I also understood that unmanaged switches route traffic simply by detecting hardware use and not by selecting specific IP traffic. Correct? Finally, there are managed switches which DO select traffic based on IP and, therefore, only these managed switches are involved with IPv6... Why would my cable company explicitly tell me, over and over, that I must use an IPv6 compliant switch? Why would they need a managed switch instead of an unmanaged one? Thanks in advance for helping me understand!

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• Ubuntu 12.10, Unity, AMD 12.11 beta drivers, AMD APP SDK 2.7 and OpenCL detection of multiple gpus

  - by junkie

  I'm using Ubuntu 12.10, AMD 12.11 beta drivers, AMD APP SDK 2.7 and OpenCL. I have three amd radeon 7990s plugged in each of which are a dual 7970 so I have six gpus altogether. I plan to go up to eight in a few days. Windows couldn't use even 4 but linux works fine with 6 so far. The strange thing is that the six gpus are only detected by OpenCL in unity (the ubuntu default window manager). If I switch to e17, blackbox or fluxbox or anything else for that matter OpenCL only detects one. I'm using a simple OpenCL program to list all devices to check. I've also checked the output of aticonfig --list-adapters, fglxinfo and clinfo. The first two always show six in all window managers wheras clinfo shows 6 in unity but 1 gpu in all other WMs. I'm also using an X config generated by aticonfig --initial -f --adapter=all. I'm also only using one monitor. I've also checked using lsmod that the fglrx module is loaded in all WMs. So I have two questions. Why does OpenCL see six gpus only in unity? How can I enable six gpus on other lightweight WMs? Basically I'm getting at what determines how many gpus the OpenCL runtime sees? Thanks.

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• Wired to wireless bridge in Linux

  - by adrianmcmenamin

  I am attempting to set up my Raspberry Pi as a bridge (but I think this is not a question specific to the hardware) - using Debian wheezy. I have a hostapd.conf: (some details changed for security)... interface=wlan0 bridge=br0 driver=nl80211 auth_algs=1 macaddr_acl=0 ignore_broadcast_ssid=0 logger_syslog=-1 logger_syslog_level=0 hw_mode=g ssid=MY_SSID channel=11 wep_default_key=0 wep_key0=MY_KEY wpa=0 (yes, I know WEP is no good) And this in /etc/network/interfaces auto lo iface lo inet loopback iface eth0 inet dhcp allow-hotplug wlan0 iface wlan0 inet manual wpa-roam /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf iface default inet dhcp auto br0 iface br0 inet dhcp bridge-ports eth0 wlan0 Everything seems to come up ok, but I cannot associate with the bridged wireless connection - even though the flashing lights on the USB stick suggest packets are being exchanged. I have read somewhere that not all cards/devices will run in hostap mode - they won't pass packets in one direction: is that right? (The info was a bit old)- this my card: [ 3.663245] usb 1-1.3.1: new high-speed USB device number 5 using dwc_otg [ 3.794187] usb 1-1.3.1: New USB device found, idVendor=0cf3, idProduct=9271 [ 3.804321] usb 1-1.3.1: New USB device strings: Mfr=16, Product=32, SerialNumber=48 [ 3.816994] usb 1-1.3.1: Product: USB2.0 WLAN [ 3.823790] usb 1-1.3.1: Manufacturer: ATHEROS [ 3.830645] usb 1-1.3.1: SerialNumber: 12345 So, what have I got wrong here?

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• How can I install iTunes in such a way that it can't put any "hooks" or helper programs on my computer?

  - by Joshua Carmody

  I'm buying a new iPad, which means I must once again install iTunes. I've not used iTunes in more than 6 months, since I bought a new computer. I don't like iTunes, but I can live with using it to buy/manage media and sync my Apple devices when the program is open. What I would like to do though, is find a way to install iTunes in such a way that it has absolutely no effect on my system when it is closed. iTunes normally installs several helper programs such as iTunesHelper.exe, and the Bonjour service. These programs run in the background when iTunes is closed. You can force-close them, or remove them from your setup files, but iTunes will often put them right back when you run it. I know these programs are mostly harmless, but they have at times caused issues such as iTunes spending system resources trying to catalog media files or drives connected to VPN, or other issues. At best they're just one more small background process eating up a small piece of my CPU time and RAM. How can I run iTunes without letting it get it's "hooks" into my system? One thought I had is that I could create a Windows user account just for iTunes, and deny it admin privileges. Then if I installed iTunes using that account maybe anything it installed wouldn't affect the "main" account on my PC? But I'm not sure if that would work.... Failing that, maybe some kind of virtualization software or sandbox I could install it in? I'm open to any suggestions. My system is an Intel-based PC running Windows 7 Professional 64-bit. Thanks!

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• How to create a static IP on Windows Server 2008 R2 so I can access the server remotely

  - by Aesir

  I have just purchased a HP Proliant N40L which I am intending to use as a NAS, learning tool and just in general something to mess around with. As a student via the Microsoft dreamspark program I can get a free copy of Windows Server 2008 R2 which I am using as the OS. So that I can remote to the box from outside of my local network and so that I can stream media from it to my PS3, I have read that I need to create a static IP for the server and use port forwarding to forward to this IP so I can remote in. Is this correct? I am not really sure how to do this and if I need to make these changes on my router configuration, on the OS or both. I am a novice when it comes to networking however most resources for Windows server 2008 R2 seem to assume a fair amount of experience already. I realise that using this particular OS may seem like overkill for what I currently wish to do with it (stream content to other devices and backup) but as I can get a copy for free it seems sensible. Edit: From reading answers posted I feel I should give more information. I have now tried to add a static IP address using my router configuration settings. I have used the getmac command to get the mac address of the server. My ISP is Virgin Media and I have gone to the LAN IP section and I have added an IP address to the DHCP Reservation Lease Info. I can now use remote desktop connection internally to remote to the server (so I am assuming assigning this IP has worked). How do I configure this on the OS as well? I am also unsure on how I would remote to this machine outside of my local network?

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• Intell SSD + Win 7 after crash can not repair, can not re install

  - by Ori

  I have Lenovo w520, after i bought it i took away old hhd (no longer with me) and replaced it with intel ssd, it worked perfectly for 1 year or so, today my system fr0ze and after waiting for some time i didi hard reset - it wasn't able to boot anymore at all, i do not see any messages from windows ever, it only loads Intel boot utility that suggests to pick one of 3 devices to boot, it has my hdd there but nothing happens. /I dont have recovery tools from lenovo since i moved to another country, i got win 7 cd from a friend (came with his laptop) abd if in bios i have AHCI - it doesnt see my ssd, if compatible mode - it sees it but format not available, partition creation gives b\me 8007045 error. I tried diskpart, in compatible mode it sees my disk but doesnt do recover or clean all, also win 7 disk tools dont do anything if i try to do boot fix... I am ok with erasing it but i seem not to be able too, i jus tneed the machine to wpork asap, all my files are on external drives so i dont care about formatting. please help! I am given a very old machine by a friend so i am able to browse internet... it is under XP...

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• System occasionally hangs boot process with SLES 11

  - by ThaMe90

  I have several (new) systems on which I had to install SLES11 on. However, after a few (though not every) reboots, the system hangs during the boot sequence. It will only continue after I physically press a key on the keyboard. From what I've found in the dmesg log from a failed boot is the following: [ 22.170276] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: b7 00 00 08 [ 22.171155] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA [ 22.182760] sda: sda1 sda2 sda3 [ 22.383424] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Attached SCSI disk [ 22.545372] PM: Marking nosave pages: 000000000009a000 - 0000000000100000 [ 22.545377] PM: Marking nosave pages: 00000000bf780000 - 0000000100000000 [ 22.546217] PM: Basic memory bitmaps created [ 22.590380] PM: Basic memory bitmaps freed [ 22.596284] PM: Starting manual resume from disk [ 22.602319] PM: Resume from partition 8:1 [ 22.602321] PM: Checking hibernation image. [ 22.602479] PM: Error -22 checking image file [ 22.602481] PM: Resume from disk failed. [ 22.718727] kjournald starting. Commit interval 15 seconds [ 22.718960] EXT3-fs (sda3): using internal journal [ 22.718964] EXT3-fs (sda3): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode [ 1555.644404] udevd version 128 started [ 1555.697664] input: Power Button as /devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0C0C:00/input/input0 [ 1555.707961] ACPI: Power Button [PWRB] I've looked around the internet for the PM: Resume from disk failed. message, but this seems to only be important when restoring the system after a hybernate, i.e. restore from the hdd. But this is not my situation. I only get this after a reboot, as I said before. The timestamp [ 1555.xxxxxx] is only the result of me pressing a key on the keyboard. Any suggestions on how to proceed? As I am getting stuck on this issue.

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• Can I boot up a virtual machine natively?

  - by Anshul

  My question is: Is is possible to run a virtual machine natively on your hardware if you have installed the proper drivers etc? In other words, can I use a VHD as a regular hard drive to boot from? The reason I want to do this is that I do both graphics-intensive and audio-intensive work, but my computer is not powerful enough to handle both at the same time and many times I install a bunch of audio programs that I don't want affecting the stability of my graphics programs. Basically I wanted to have sandboxing between the two sets of applications. So I tried running the graphics-intensive programs in a VirtualBox VM and the audio-intensive work natively (simply because it's a pain to route ASIO audio devices in/out of VirtualBox). This kind-of works - the graphics-intensive stuff is tolerable, but still relatively slow, because it's running inside a VM. So my next idea was to just dual-boot and install the graphics and audio programs in separate partitions but I frequently use them in tandem, so it wouldn't be practical to reboot my machine every time I need to use the other set of programs. But I could live with this scenario: If I need to do more audio-intensive stuff, I'll just boot up to the audio partition and run the graphics programs in a VM, and then when I'm working heavily on the graphics part, I'll just boot the graphics partition as a regular OS directly on the hardware. Is this possible? For example by booting up a VHD as a regular hard drive? Or by setting up dual-boot, and every time the audio partition is shut down, synchronize the graphics VM VHD with the native graphics partition? Is it practical, given the above scenario? And if it's not possible, barring buying another computer, can anyone suggest a best-of-all-worlds setup (the two worlds being performance, sandboxing, and running in parallel) for the above scenario? Thanks in advance.

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• Disable or remove filter driver for single HID device

  - by snoopen

  Running Windows XP in a corporate setting here. I have an issue where a filter driver is interfering with the functionality of different USB HIDs. For example graphics tablets do not respond while the filter driver is in place. I've also had the issue with foot pedals used with transcription software. My question is really two fold: A) what makes Windows use a filter driver on one HID but not another? B) when a filter driver is causing conflicts how can I disable it on the affected devices? Background I've previously narrowed down the issue to the filter driver by uninstalling the software (Funk Proxy Host) responsible for the filter driver. The software is a type of RDP we use here at work. (I might have even booted into safe mode and renamed the file, I forget). I believe the filter driver is present to disable or modify the use of the local keyboard and mouse while admin staff are assisting users. Either way I don't have the authority to just go uninstalling this software. As far as I can tell the software versions are the same, however I'm not sure if the device driver definitions are all the same as I don't know where these things would be located. To check for the presence of the filter driver I locate the hardware device in Device Manager, click Properties Driver tab Driver Details.... It shows up as ph32ihid.sys. Even though all machines are meant to have the same SOE and do have Funk Proxy Host installed I don't always have issues with the same HIDs. A few machines here the foot pedals without any issues. I've not had any machines work with the graphics tablet without uninstalling Funk software. Driver details I've just read up a bit more about filter drivers and found the drivers description in the registry under "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\ProxyHostHIDFilter" There it's called "Kernel-mode HID filter driver for the Proxy Host". Presumably I could also disable it here but that would be system wide which is probably not desirable?

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• Extending a home wireless network using two routers running tomato

  - by jalperin

  I have two Asus RT-N16 routers each flashed with Tomato (actually Tomato USB). UPSTAIRS: Router 'A' (located upstairs) is connected to the internet via the WAN port and connected via a LAN port to a 10/100/1000 switch (Switch A). Several desktops are also attached to Switch A. Router A uses IP 192.168.1.1. DOWNSTAIRS: I've just acquired Router 'B' and set it to IP 192.168.1.2. I have a cable running from Switch A downstairs to another switch (Switch B). Tivo, a blu-ray player and a Mac are connected to Switch B. My plan was to connect Router B to Switch B so that I have improved wireless access downstairs. (The wireless signal from Router A gets weak downstairs in a number of locations.) How should I configure Router B so that all devices in the house can see and talk to one another? I know that I need to change DHCP on Router B so that it doesn't cover the same range as DHCP on Router A. Should I be using WDS on the two routers, or is that unnecessary since I already have a wired connection between the two routers? Any other thoughts or suggestions? Thanks! --Jeff

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• external drive and CentOS - Reset high speed USB device number

  - by Phil

  I have 2 external drives (3TB) and both will not work with my centOS Box. Tested them in windows ( different machine ) No problems ( 2.6.32-279.9.1.el6.i686 ) dmesg reports: usb 2-2: new high speed USB device number 3 using ehci_hcd usb 2-2: New USB device found, idVendor=2109, idProduct=0700 usb 2-2: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3 usb 2-2: Product: USB 3.0 SATA Bridge usb 2-2: Manufacturer: VIA Labs, Inc. usb 2-2: SerialNumber: 0000000000006121 usb 2-2: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice scsi6 : SCSI emulation for USB Mass Storage devices usb-storage: device found at 3 usb-storage: waiting for device to settle before scanning usb-storage: device scan complete scsi 6:0:0:0: Direct-Access ST3000DM 001-9YN166 CC4B PQ: 0 ANSI: 2 sd 6:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0 sd 6:0:0:0: [sdd] Very big device. Trying to use READ CAPACITY(16). sd 6:0:0:0: [sdd] 5860533165 512-byte logical blocks: (3.00 TB/2.72 TiB) sd 6:0:0:0: [sdd] Write Protect is off sd 6:0:0:0: [sdd] Mode Sense: 00 06 00 00 sd 6:0:0:0: [sdd] Assuming drive cache: write through sd 6:0:0:0: [sdd] Very big device. Trying to use READ CAPACITY(16). sd 6:0:0:0: [sdd] Assuming drive cache: write through sdd: sdd1 sd 6:0:0:0: [sdd] Very big device. Trying to use READ CAPACITY(16). sd 6:0:0:0: [sdd] Assuming drive cache: write through sd 6:0:0:0: [sdd] Attached SCSI disk Tyring to use cfdisk / fdisk / gdisk or even fdisk -l results in the program hanging and dmesg reports: usb 2-2: reset high speed USB device number 3 using ehci_hcd usb 2-2: reset high speed USB device number 3 using ehci_hcd usb 2-2: reset high speed USB device number 3 using ehci_hcd I have the same 2 drives physically installed in the computer via SATA Any Ideas?

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• RouterLess, house-wired network using multiple powerline adapters

  - by Cliff Arnell

  related to the 'old days' of one ethernet cable tapped with Ts for each monitor.... my question might be very simple... or not. I have an over-the-air internet provider with a wire dish with a powered transceiver and cat5 cable out of the providers supplied modem. I'm presently connecting the output of the modem into my wireless router which sends the internet signal all over the house. Standard stuff, I believe. My Question. Can I just connect the output of the modem into 1 powerline adapter and tie all my equipment such as computer, printer, laptop, Tivo recorder, etc. into 1-each local powerline adapters located near each devices resulting in a 'house-wired' network and no router? I'm bothered by the idea that my over-the-air provider might be using something in my router to establish and keep my IP connection alive. I did have to configure the router for my IP, a router which, in my proposed scenario, would no longer exist. Thank you for your help.

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• When modern computers boot, what initial setup of RAM do they execute, and how does it exactly work?

  - by user272840

  I know the title reeks of confusion, and some of you might assume I am just wondering about how the computer boots in general, but I'm not. But I'll sort this out for you people now: 1.Onboard firmware is how mostly all modern computer devices work, whether or not with EFI/UEFI(even without "onboard firmware", older computers still employed bank switching, or similar methods with snap-in firmware, cartridges, etc.) 2.On startup there is no "programs" running in the traditional sense yet, i.e. no kernel, OS, user-applications; all of the instructions, especially the very first instruction, is specified by the Instruction Pointer, I am guessing. How is the IP/PC/etc. set to first point to an address for a BIOS/firmware/etc. instruction, and how do the BIOS instructions map themself out in memory prior to startup? 3.Aside from MMIO, BIOS uses certain RAM addresses to have instructions. The big ? comes in when I ask this ... how does BIOS do this? Conclusion: I am assuming that with the very first instruction there is an initial hardware setup for BIOS prior to complete OS bootup. What I want to know is if it's hardware engineered to always work this way, if there's another step in this bootup method I am missing, a gap of information I am unaware of, or how this all works from the very first instruction, and the RAM data itself.

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• Can Internet data be used by malware when PC off?

  - by Val

  I have noticed over the last month that my off peak data has been used at a rate of approx 350MB per hour - this has meant that I have gone over my quota and slowed down by my ISP to 256k. There is no one in the house using it (2am-8am is my ISPs off peak hours) at that time. My PC and other wireless devices (ipad and iphone) are turned off. I have changed the wireless password on my modem 3 times and it is now 30 digits long. So I don't think someone else is using my wireless access between 2-8am. It has been suggested by my ISP that I may have malware/spyware on my computer. Sorry for my ignorance, but can malware still run if the PC is off? I did look at my modem's log and followed an IP address to a service called Amazon Simple server Storage. Could this company possibly be the culprit? I am not too tech savvy, so any assistance appreciated. I have run a barrage of spyware cleaning software eg malware bytes; spy bot etc.... Cheers Val

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• Basic connectivity issues between Win 7 and XP mixed wired/wireless network.

  - by Pulse

  Setup: Windows 7 x64 Ultimate desktop hard wired to Asus WL500gp router (WL500gpv2-1.9.2.7-d-r1445 firmware) Several Bridged VirtualBox VM's running XP, 7, ubuntu server 10.04, Mint 9 and SuSE 11.2 Win XP Pro SP3 notebook with D-Link Airplus wireless network card. No firewall or other security software currently running on either platform (at least for the duration of the test) Situation: Router is acting DHCP server Clients are receiving correct addresses and additional parameters Internet connectivity is available from all clients Windows 7 sharing is set to Network type = work (not home group) NetBT is disabled on all clients using smb over TCP What I can do: I can ping the router and internet addresses from the wireless XP notebook I can ping the Win 7 desktop and any VM from the XP wireless notebook I can ping all devices from the router All VM's and 7 can ping each other and the router as well as Internet addresses What I can't do: I cannot ping the XP wireless notebook from either The Win 7 desktop or the VM's it alwats returns a destination host unreachable. Tracert resolves the name or the XP notebook but also returns a destination host unreachable. From the above it would seem that something is blocking connectivity in a single direction (from the Win 7 box to the Win XP notebook) only but the router can ping the XP notebook. Some fresh input would be most welcome, as this is beginning to drive me batty. Thanks

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• clocksource tsc unstable

  - by amorfis

  Ok, now I have real server fault ;) After some time from booting (about one minute) my server hangs. All I can do is hard reset. Then after restart in /var/log/kern.log I can find: Jul 29 22:38:57 leonidas kernel: [ 90.729598] longhaul: Failed to set requested frequency! Jul 29 22:38:57 leonidas kernel: [ 90.731252] longhaul: Enabling "Ignore Revision ID" option. Jul 29 22:38:57 leonidas kernel: [ 91.201461] longhaul: Failed to set requested frequency! Jul 29 22:38:57 leonidas kernel: [ 91.201482] longhaul: Disabling ACPI C3 support. Jul 29 22:38:57 leonidas kernel: [ 91.204230] longhaul: Disabling "Ignore Revision ID" option. Jul 29 22:38:58 leonidas kernel: [ 91.416133] longhaul: Failed to set requested frequency! Jul 29 22:38:58 leonidas kernel: [ 91.416152] longhaul: Enabling "Ignore Revision ID" option. Jul 29 22:38:58 leonidas kernel: [ 91.960048] Clocksource tsc unstable (delta = -105611479 ns) I found some resources on the net, and it said to change clocksource, or disable ACPI. I tried disabling ACPI but it didn't help (but I noticed there was longer time before hanging). I can't change clock to hpet, because my system doesn't have such one. Output of cat /sys/devices/system/clocksource/clocksource0/available_clocksource: acpi_pm jiffies tsc My system is ubuntu server on VIA Epia hardware.

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• dd on entire disk, but do not want empty portion

  - by Jonathan Henson

  I have a disk, say /dev/sda. Here is fdisk -l: Disk /dev/sda: 64.0 GB, 64023257088 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 7783 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0000e4b5 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 27 209920 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 27 525 4000768 5 Extended Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda5 27 353 2621440 83 Linux /dev/sda6 353 405 416768 83 Linux /dev/sda7 405 490 675840 83 Linux /dev/sda8 490 525 282624 83 Linux I need to make an image to store on our file server for use in flashing other devices we are manufacturing so I only want the used space (only about 4gb). I want to keep the mbr etc... as this device should be boot ready as soon as the copy is finished. Any ideas? I previously had been using dd if=/dev/sda of=[//fileserver/file], but at that time, my master copy was on a 4gb flash ide.

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• EC2 AMI won't boot after edit

  - by Eric Lars0n

  I did something stupid, I got a new laptop and copied everything over to the new one, then wiped the old one clean. Then I realized that I forgot to copy the private key out of .ssh that I use to connect to my AWS EBS backed instance. So I can't log in to my custom AMI. So I created a new Volume from the Snapshot of the AMI, then started up a public instance and attached the Volume to it, edit the sshd_config to allow for password log in. Unmounted the volume, detached it, made a snapshot of it, then made a new AMI from the snapshot. The new AMI launches, but never passes the Status Checks and is not reachable. What am I doing wrong? Or alternatively how can I fix my problem? Edit: Adding some of the console output Linux version 2.6.16-xenU ([email protected]) (gcc version 4.0.1 20050727 (Red Hat 4.0.1-5)) #1 SMP Mon May 28 03:41:49 SAST 2007 BIOS-provided physical RAM map: Xen: 0000000000000000 - 000000006a400000 (usable) 980MB HIGHMEM available. 727MB LOWMEM available. NX (Execute Disable) protection: active IRQ lockup detection disabled RAMDISK driver initialized: 16 RAM disks of 4096K size 1024 blocksize NET: Registered protocol family 2 Registering block device major 8 XENBUS: Timeout connecting to devices! Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(8,0)

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• HP EliteBook 8440P - USB ports stop working on docking station

  - by r0ca

  I have a HP Elitebook 8440P running Windows XP Pro SP3. I installed it on my docking station and everything went smooth for a while. Last week, my mouse and any other USB devices stoped working sudenly... It was working fine on my laptop itself but nothing on my docking station. LCD attached monitor works and same for LAN and PS2 keyboard. I updated the BIOS, Chipset, Video Drivers, also changed my docking station by a brand new one but the problem still comes back. I also noticed something in Device Manager... A Generic USB Root Hub has an error on it, a Yellow/Orange exclamation mark. I tried to update that driver but no luck. Windows is unable to process it. This seems to be the problem but can't fix it. I may only re-image my laptop but for me, I need to avoid that since I have so many apps installed on it. If anybody has any advice, I'll take it!

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