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• Bash/shell script - shell output redirection inside a function

  - by Josh

  function grabSourceFile { cd /tmp/lmpsource wget $1 > $LOG baseName=$(basename $1) tar -xvf $baseName > $LOG cd $baseName } When I call this function The captured output is not going to the log file. The output redirection works fine until I call the function. The $LOG variable is set at the top of the file. I tried echoing statements and they would not print. I am guessing the function captures the output itself? If so how do push the output to the file instead of the console. (The wget above prints to console, while an echo inside the function does nothing.)

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• shell scripting: search/replace & check file exist

  - by johndashen

  I have a perl script (or any executable) E which will take a file foo.xml and write a file foo.txt. I use a Beowulf cluster to run E for a large number of XML files, but I'd like to write a simple job server script in shell (bash) which doesn't overwrite existing txt files. I'm currently doing something like #!/bin/sh PATTERN="[A-Z]*0[1-2][a-j]"; # this matches foo in all cases todo=`ls *.xml | grep $PATTERN -o`; isdone=`ls *.txt | grep $PATTERN -o`; whatsleft=todo - isdone; # what's the unix magic? #tack on the .xml prefix with sed or something #and then call the job server; jobserve E "$whatsleft"; and then I don't know how to get the difference between $todo and $isdone. I'd prefer using sort/uniq to something like a for loop with grep inside, but I'm not sure how to do it (pipes? temporary files?) As a bonus question, is there a way to do lookahead search in bash grep? To clarify: so the simplest way to do what i'm asking is (in pseudocode) for i in `/bin/ls *.xml` do replace xml suffix with txt if [that file exists] add to whatsleft list end done

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• unix at command pass variable to shell script?

  - by Andrew

  Hi, I'm trying to setup a simple timer that gets started from a Rails Application. This timer should wait out its duration and then start a shell script that will start up ./script/runner and complete the initial request. I need script/runner because I need access to ActiveRecord. Here's my test lines in Rails output = `at #{(Time.now + 60).strftime("%H:%M")} < #{Rails.root}/lib/parking_timer.sh STRING_VARIABLE` return render :text => output Then my parking_timer.sh looks like this #!/bin/sh ~/PATH_TO_APP/script/runner -e development ~/PATH_TO_APP/lib/ParkingTimer.rb $1 echo "All Done" Finally, ParkingTimer.rb reads the passed variable with ARGV.each do|a| puts "Argument: #{a}" end The problem is that the Unix command "at" doesn't seem to like variables and only wants to deal with filenames. I either get one of two errors depending on how I position "s If I put quotes around the right hand side like so ... "~/PATH_TO_APP/lib/parking_timer.sh STRING_VARIABLE" I get, -bash: ~/PATH_TO_APP/lib/parking_timer.sh STRING_VARIABLE: No such file or directory I I leave the quotes out, I get, at: garbled time This is all happening on a Mac OS 10.6 box running Rails 2.3 & Ruby 1.8.6 I've already messed around w/ BackgrounDrb, and decided its a total PITA. I need to be able to cancel the job at any time before it is due.

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• Modify shell script to monitor/ping multiple ip addresses

  - by Alex

  Alright so I need to constantly monitor multiple routers and computers, to make sure they remain online. I have found a great script here that will notify me via growl(so i can get instant notifications on my phone) if a single ip cannot be pinged. I have been attempting to modify the script to ping multiple addresses, with little luck. I'm having trouble trying to figure out how to ping a down server while the script keeps watching the online servers. any help would be greatly appreciated. I haven't done much shell scripting so this is quite new to me. Thanks #!/bin/sh #Growl my Router alive! #2010 by zionthelion73 [at] gmail . com #use it for free #redistribute or modify but keep these comments #not for commercial purposes iconpath="/path/to/router/icon/file/internet.png" # path must be absolute or in "./path" form but relative to growlnotify position # document icon is used, not document content # Put the IP address of your router here localip=192.168.1.1 clear echo 'Router avaiability notification with Growl' #variable avaiable=false com="################" #comment prefix for logging porpouse while true; do if $avaiable then echo "$com 1) $localip avaiable $com" echo "1" while ping -c 1 -t 2 $localip do sleep 5 done growlnotify -s -I $iconpath -m "$localip is offline" avaiable=false else echo "$com 2) $localip not avaiable $com" #try to ping the router untill it come back and notify it while !(ping -c 1 -t 2 $localip) do echo "$com trying.... $com" sleep 5 done echo "$com found $localip $com" growlnotify -s -I $iconpath -m "$localip is online" avaiable=true fi sleep 5 done

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• Korn shell wraparound

  - by allenratcliff

  Okay, I'm sure this is simple but it is driving me nuts. I recently went to work on a program where I've had to step back in time a bit and use Redhat 9. When I'm typing on the command line from a standard xterm running Korn shell, when I reach the end of the line the screen slides to the right (cutting off the left side of my command) instead of wrapping the text around to a new line. This makes things difficult for me because I can't easily copy and paste from the previous command straight from the command line. I have to look at the history and paste the command from there. In case you're wondering, I do a lot of command-line awk scripts that cause the line to get quite long. Is there a way to force the command line to wrap instead of shifting visibility to the right side of the command I'm typing? I've poured through man page options with no luck. I'm running XFree86 4.2.99.903(174) and KSH 5.2.14. Thanks.

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• shell script segment to avoid overwriting files

  - by johndashen

  I have a perl script (or any executable) E which will take a file foo.xml and write a file foo.txt. I use a Beowulf cluster to run E for a large number of XML files, but I'd like to write a simple job server script in shell (bash) which doesn't overwrite existing txt files. I'm currently doing something like #!/bin/sh PATTERN="[A-Z]*0[1-2][a-j]"; # this matches foo in all cases todo=`ls *.xml | grep $PATTERN`; isdone=`ls *.foo | grep $PATTERN`; whatsleft=todo - isdone; # what's the unix magic? #and then call the job server; jobserve E "$whatsleft"; and then I don't know how to get the difference between $todo and $isdone. I'd prefer using sort/uniq to something like a for loop with grep inside, but I'm not sure how to do it (pipes? temporary files?) As a bonus question, is there a way to do lookahead search in bash grep?

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• The shell dotfile cookbook

  - by Jason Baker

  I constantly hear from other people about how much of the stuff they've used to customize their *nix setup they've shamelessly stolen from other people. So in that spirit, I'd like to start a place to share that stuff here on SO. Here are the rules: DON'T POST YOUR ENTIRE DOTFILE. Instead, just show us the cool stuff. One recipe per answer You may, however, post multiple versions of your recipe in the same answer. For example, you may post a version that works for bash, a version that works for zsh, and a version that works for csh in the same answer. State what shells you know your recipe will work with in the answer. Let's build this cookbook as a team. If you find out that an answer works with other shells other than the one the author posted, edit it in. If you like an idea and rewrite it to work with another shell, edit the modified version in to the original post. Give credit where credit is due. If you got your idea from someone else, give them credit if possible. And for those of you (justifiably) asking "Why do we need another one of these threads?": Most of what I've seen is along the lines of "post your entire dotfile." Personally, I don't want to try to parse through a person's entire dotfile to figure out what I want. I just want to know about all the cool parts of it. It's helpful to have a single dotfile thread. I think most of the stuff that works in bash will work in zsh and it may be adapted to work with csh fairly easily.

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• Writing own Unix shell in C - Problems with PATH and execv

  - by user1287523

  I'm writing my own shell in C. It needs to be able to display the users current directory, execute commands based on the full path (must use execv), and allow the user to change the directory with cd. This IS homework. The teacher only gave us a basic primer on C and a very brief skeleton on how the program should work. Since I'm not one to give up easily I've been researching how to do this for three days, but now I'm stumped. This is what I have so far: Displays the user's username, computername, and current directory (defaults to home directory). Prompts the user for input, and gets the input Splits the user's input by " " into an array of arguments Splits the environment variable PATH by ":" into an array of tokens I'm not sure how to proceed from here. I know I've got to use the execv command but in my research on google I haven't really found an example I understand. For instance, if the command is bin/ls, how does execv know the display all files/folders from the home directory? How do I tell the system I changed the directory? I've been using this site a lot which has been helpful: http://linuxgazette.net/111/ramankutty.html but again, I'm stumped. Thanks for your help. Let me know if I should post some of my existing code, I'm wasn't sure if it was necessary though.

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• Shell Scripting: Generating output file name in script and then writing to it

  - by NewShellScripter

  Hello, I have a shell script where a user passes different sizes as command line arguments. For each of those sizes, I want to perform some task, then save the output of that task into a .txt file with the size in the name. How can I take the command line passed and make that part of a stringname for the output file? I save the output file in a directory specified by another command line argument. Perhaps an example will clear it up. In the foor lop, the i value represents the command line argument I need to use, but $$i doesnt work. ./runMe arg1 arg2 outputDir [size1 size2 size3...] for ((i=4; i<$#; i++ )) do ping -s $$i google.com >> $outputDir/$$iresults.txt done I need to know how to build the $outputDir/$$iresults.txt string. Also, the ping -s $$i doesnt work. Its like I need two levels of replacement. I need to replace the $[$i] inner $i with the value in the loop, like 4 for ex, making it $4. Then replace $4 with the 4th command line argument! Any help would be greatly appreciated. Thanks!

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• Shell halts while looping and 'transforming' values in dictionary (Python 2.7.5)

  - by Gus

  I'm building a program that will sum digits in a given list in a recursive way. Say, if the source list has 10 elements, the second list will have 9, the third 8 and so on until the last list that will have only one element. This is done by adding the first element to the second, then the second to the third and so on. I'm stuck without feedback from the shell. It halts without throwing any errors, then in a couple of seconds the fan is spinning like crazy. I've read quite a few posts here and changed my approach, but I'm not sure that what have so far can produce the results I'm looking for. Thanks in advance: #--------------------------------------------------- #functions #--------------------------------------------------- #sum up pairs in a list def reduce(inputList): i = 0 while (i < len(inputList)): #ref to current and next item j = i + 1 #don't go for the last item if j != len(inputList): #new number eq current + next number newNumber = inputList[i] + inputList[j] if newNumber >= 10: #reduce newNumber to single digit newNumber = sum(map(int, str(newNumber))) #collect into temp list outputList.append(newNumber) i = i + 1 return outputList; #--------------------------------------------------- #program starts here #--------------------------------------------------- outputList = [] sourceList = [7, 3, 1, 2, 1, 4, 6] counter = len(sourceList) dict = {} dict[0] = sourceList print '-------------' print 'Level 0:', dict[0] for i in range(counter): j = i + 1 if j != counter: baseList = dict.get(i) #check function to understand what it does newList = reduce(baseList) #new key and value from previous/transformed value dict[j] = newList print 'Level %d: %s' % (j, dict[j])

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• New Shell In Oracle Solaris 11

  - by rickramsey

  In Oracle Solaris 11, Korn Shell 93 (/usr/bin/ksh/ or usr/bin/ksh93) replaces both the Bourne Shell (/usr/bin/sh or /sbin/sh) and Korn Shell 88 (/usr/bin/ksh). There are some incompatibilities between the shells. They are described in: /usr/share/doc/ksh/COMPATIBILITY If a script has compatibility problems you can use the legacy shell by changing the she-bang line: If this doesn't work Use This #!/bin/ksh #!/usr/sunos/bin/ksh #!/usr/bin/ksh #!/usr/sunos/bin/ksh     #!/bin/sh #!/usr/sunos/bin/sh #!/usr/bin/sh #!/usr/sunos/bin/sh #!/sbin/sh #!/usr/sunos/bin/sh - Mike Gerdts http://blogs.oracle.com/zoneszone/ Website Newsletter Facebook Twitter

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• KMenu & shell script

  - by allenskd

  I'm trying to make a very small shell script with a simple command and add it up to the KMenu. Well, thing is that once it launches the shell script, it closes it fast and I want to leave it open because the shell script attempts to create run a web application using a framework. I tried with this first #!/bin/bash play run /home/david/Projects/ZS then I tried with this #!/bin/bash konsole -e play run /home/david/Projects/ZSBlackboard In terminal, it runs perfectly, but in launcher.. not so much Any solution or suggestion is appreciated, thanks

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• How do I log into bash shell only?

  - by Tom D

  On my home desktop I want to use Ubuntu Unity sometimes and just the bash shell (without any gui) other times. Is it possible to set up a login option where I can choose between using the Unity GUI or just the shell? For example, on the Ubuntu login screen I can choose among Unity, Gnome Shell, XFCE, etc. An option there for just the Bash shell command line would be ideal. I'm not trying to invite "why would you do that" debate here. I have my reasons. Thanks.

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• Nemo replaces Nautilus on Unity and Gnome Shell session after I installed latest version of Cinnamon

  - by mastro

  I installed latest version of Cinnamon on Ubuntu 12.04 and now it's like Nemo replaces Nautilus when I choose Unity or Gnome Shell session. When I start Unity I have to restart the session for 3-4 times to restore Nautilus, on the contrary when I choose Gnome Shell Nautilus never works, it remains Nemo. Is there a way to have Nemo only on Cinnamon session and not on Unity and Gnome Shell too or the only solution is to remove Cinnamon? Many thanks in advance

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• "Error detecting shell" when launching Gnome Tweak Tool

  - by user70988

  It was working before I started the process of installing Gnome. I've poked around on Google but can't find anything. If I log into Gnome the screen is massively zoomed in and I have to pan around the page. I was hoping the appropriate setting would be in the tweak tool. __ WARNING : Error detecting shell Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gtweak/tweaks/tweak_shell_extensions.py", line 149, in __init__ shell = GnomeShellFactory().get_shell() File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gtweak/utils.py", line 38, in getinstance instances[cls] = cls() File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gtweak/gshellwrapper.py", line 143, in __init__ proxy = _ShellProxy() File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gtweak/gshellwrapper.py", line 44, in __init__ result, output = self.proxy.Eval('(s)', js) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gi/overrides/Gio.py", line 148, in __call__ kwargs.get('flags', 0), kwargs.get('timeout', -1), None) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gi/types.py", line 43, in function return info.invoke(*args, **kwargs) GError: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.ServiceUnknown: The name org.gnome.Shell was not provided by any .service files WARNING : Shell not running Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gtweak/tweaks/tweak_shell.py", line 59, in __init__ self._shell = GnomeShellFactory().get_shell() File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gtweak/utils.py", line 38, in getinstance instances[cls] = cls() File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gtweak/gshellwrapper.py", line 143, in __init__ proxy = _ShellProxy() File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gtweak/gshellwrapper.py", line 44, in __init__ result, output = self.proxy.Eval('(s)', js) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gi/overrides/Gio.py", line 148, in __call__ kwargs.get('flags', 0), kwargs.get('timeout', -1), None) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gi/types.py", line 43, in function return info.invoke(*args, **kwargs) GError: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.ServiceUnknown: The name org.gnome.Shell was not provided by any .service files WARNING : Could not list shell extensions Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gtweak/tweaks/tweak_shell.py", line 64, in __init__ extensions = self._shell.list_extensions() AttributeError: ShellThemeTweak instance has no attribute '_shell' Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/gnome-tweak-tool", line 76, in <module> MainWindow() File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gtweak/mainwindow.py", line 44, in __init__ model) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gtweak/tweakview.py", line 40, in __init__ self._model.load_tweaks() File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gtweak/tweakmodel.py", line 135, in load_tweaks mods = __import__("gtweak.tweaks", globals(), locals(), tweak_files, 0) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gtweak/tweaks/tweak_shell.py", line 236, in <module> GSettingsSwitchTweak("org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.power", "lid-close-suspend-with-external-monitor"), File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gtweak/widgets.py", line 116, in __init__ _GSettingsTweak.__init__(self, schema_name, key_name, **options) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gtweak/widgets.py", line 105, in __init__ options.get("summary",self.settings.schema_get_summary(key_name)), File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gtweak/gsettings.py", line 122, in schema_get_summary return self._schema._schema[key]["summary"] KeyError: 'lid-close-suspend-with-external-monitor'

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• Gnome shell not starting at login, but can start from terminal (Ubuntu 12.04)

  - by Mat Leonard

  I upgraded to Ubuntu 12.04 recently and for some reason it broke Gnome 3. The shell doesn't start up at login. My .xsession-errors looks like this right after I log in: gnome-session[1689]: WARNING: Session 'gnome' runnable check failed: Timed out (gnome-settings-daemon:1744): color-plugin-WARNING **: failed to get edid: unable to get EDID for output (gnome-settings-daemon:1744): color-plugin-WARNING **: unable to get EDID for xrandr-default: unable to get EDID for output (gnome-settings-daemon:1744): color-plugin-WARNING **: failed to reset xrandr-default gamma tables: gamma size is zero ** Message: applet now removed from the notification area ** Message: using fallback from indicator to GtkStatusIcon ** Message: moving back from GtkStatusIcon to indicator Then I can run gnome-shell --replace, the shell starts up and everything works. This is what I get immediately after: Window manager warning: Log level 16: Unable to register authentication agent: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.PolicyKit1.Error.Failed: An authentication agent already exists for the given subject Window manager warning: Log level 16: Error registering polkit authentication agent: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.PolicyKit1.Error.Failed: An authentication agent already exists for the given subject (polkit-error-quark 0) (gnome-shell:2442): folks-WARNING **: Failed to find primary PersonaStore with type ID 'eds' and ID 'system'. Individuals will not be linked properly and creating new links between Personas will not work. The configured primary PersonaStore's backend may not be installed. If you are unsure, check with your distribution Also, if I run /usr/lib/nux/unity_support_test -p, everything comes back as Yes and this checks out: OpenGL vendor string: NVIDIA Corporation OpenGL renderer string: GeForce 8300 GS/PCIe/SSE2 OpenGL version string: 3.3.0 NVIDIA 295.40 It isn't a huge problem since I can get gnome shell to work, but it is a little annoying. So, I'd like to fix this. Thanks for your help.

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• Interacting with Shell Applications (Made Easy)

  A simple class for working with shell applications

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• Dual-Monitor layout and primary display with Nvidia in Gnome-Shell

  - by java4fun

  I have installed Ubuntu 14.04.1 with gnome-shell version 3.10.4. I can attach a second monitor to my laptop and it is recognized. If I configure it with the nvidia-settings at the right of my laptop then all works fine (the extention of the display works as an extention on the right, not dual). Now what I want is to have the second monitor configured over the laptop-display. When I'm not using gnome-shell, it works correct (I can drag an application from the bottom display to the top normally) but with gnome-shell I have to press Ctrl+Shift+ mouse help, and resize properly the application size. This is for me an enforcing. Is there a way to make that gnome-shell work properly with a bottom/top monitor?

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• Help with simple linux shell implementation

  - by nunos

  I am implementing a simple version of a linux shell in c. I have succesfully written the parser, but I am having some trouble forking out the child process. However, I think the problem is due to arrays, pointers and such, because just started C with this project and am not still very knowledgable with them. I am getting a segmentation fault and don't know where from. Any help is greatly appreciated. #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <string.h> #include <sys/wait.h> #include <sys/types.h> #define MAX_COMMAND_LENGTH 250 #define MAX_ARG_LENGTH 250 typedef enum {false, true} bool; typedef struct { char **arg; char *infile; char *outfile; int background; } Command_Info; int parse_cmd(char *cmd_line, Command_Info *cmd_info) { char *arg; char *args[MAX_ARG_LENGTH]; int i = 0; arg = strtok(cmd_line, " "); while (arg != NULL) { args[i] = arg; arg = strtok(NULL, " "); i++; } int num_elems = i; if (num_elems == 0) return -1; cmd_info->infile = NULL; cmd_info->outfile = NULL; cmd_info->background = 0; int iarg = 0; for (i = 0; i < num_elems-1; i++) { if (!strcmp(args[i], "<")) { if (args[i+1] != NULL) cmd_info->infile = args[++i]; else return -1; } else if (!strcmp(args[i], ">")) { if (args[i+1] != NULL) cmd_info->outfile = args[++i]; else return -1; } else cmd_info->arg[iarg++] = args[i]; } if (!strcmp(args[i], "&")) cmd_info->background = true; else cmd_info->arg[iarg++] = args[i]; cmd_info->arg[iarg] = NULL; return 0; } void print_cmd(Command_Info *cmd_info) { int i; for (i = 0; cmd_info->arg[i] != NULL; i++) printf("arg[%d]=\"%s\"\n", i, cmd_info->arg[i]); printf("arg[%d]=\"%s\"\n", i, cmd_info->arg[i]); printf("infile=\"%s\"\n", cmd_info->infile); printf("outfile=\"%s\"\n", cmd_info->outfile); printf("background=\"%d\"\n", cmd_info->background); } void get_cmd(char* str) { fgets(str, MAX_COMMAND_LENGTH, stdin); str[strlen(str)-1] = '\0'; //apaga o '\n' do fim } pid_t exec_simple(Command_Info *cmd_info) { pid_t pid = fork(); if (pid < 0) { perror("Fork Error"); return -1; } if (pid == 0) { execvp(cmd_info->arg[0], cmd_info->arg); perror(cmd_info->arg[0]); exit(1); } return pid; } int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { while (true) { char cmd_line[MAX_COMMAND_LENGTH]; Command_Info cmd_info; printf(">>> "); get_cmd(cmd_line); if ( (parse_cmd(cmd_line, &cmd_info) == -1) ) return -1; parse_cmd(cmd_line, &cmd_info); if (!strcmp(cmd_info.arg[0], "exit")) exit(0); pid_t pid = exec_simple(&cmd_info); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0); } return 0; } Thanks.

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• How to prevent Gnome-shell's Alt+Tab from grouping windows from similar apps?

  - by wleoncio

  I love pretty much everything about how Gnome Shell handles app-switching through Alt+Tab. My one gripe with it, though, is how it forces the user to use Alt+` to switch between windows of the same app. This is very annoying for me, because now I have to keep in mind if the last window I was using belonged to the same app as the current window or not. Definitely a nuisance for power users who thinks in terms of "windows I'm working with" instead of "applications I'm working on". I've tried the AlternateTab extension ( https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/15/alternatetab/ ), but it's looks way too ugly for me. Not to mention that in the end all I want is to remap Alt+(key above tab) to Alt+Tab on this application. I guess one option would be to just tweak Gnome-shell. My guess is that I should tinker with the altTab.js file at /usr/share/gnome-shell/js/ui/, but the file is too long and overwhelming for someone like me, who doesn't know JavaScript. Does anyone know how I can make Gnome Shell stop grouping windows by applications?

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• Trying to test for OS and space in filesystem on AIX

  - by Buzkie

  I need to check if I Filesystem exists, and if it does exist there is 300 MB of space in it. What I have so far: if [ "$(df -m /opt/IBM | grep -vE '^Filesystem' | awk '{print ($3)}')" < "300" ] then echo "not enough space in the target filesystem" exit 1 fi This throws an error. I don't really know what I'm doing in shell. Please help. -Alex

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• How to mkdir only if a dir does not already exist?

  - by Spike Williams

  I am writing a script to run under the korn shell on AIX. I'd like to use the mkdir command to create a directory. But the directory may already exist, in which case I don't want to do anything. So I want to either test to see that the directory doesn't exist, or suppress the "File exists" error that mkdir throws when it tries to create an existing directory. Any thoughts on how best to do this?

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• Why my shell program wont open the file got as argument in function "cat"

  - by anna karenina

  I included the code below, sorry to bother you with so much code. Argument parsing is ok, i checked it out with watches. I've put some printfs to check out where the problem may be and it seems that it wont open the file cat receives as argument. i called from shell like "cat -b file" #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <string.h> #define TRUE 0 #define FALSE 1 void yes(int argc, char *argv[]); int cat(int argc, char *argv[]); //#include "cat.h" //#include "yes.h" //#include"tee.h" char buf[50],c[10], *p2,*p, *pch; int count; char *matrix[20]; void yes(int argc, char *argv[]) { int i; // if (argc >= 2 && *argv[1] == '-') // { //printf("ERROR!"); //} //if (argc == 1) // { while (1) if (puts("y") == EOF) { perror("yes"); exit(FALSE); } // } while (1) for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) if (fputs(argv[i], stdout) == EOF || putchar(i == argc - 1 ? '\n' : ' ') == EOF) { perror("yes"); exit(FALSE); } //exit(TRUE); } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { //p=(char *)malloc(sizeof(char)*50); do { fprintf (stderr, "$ "); fgets (buf,50,stdin); p=buf; fprintf (stderr, "Comanda primita de la tastatura: "); fputs (buf, stderr); int i=0,j=0; //strcpy(p,buf); strcpy(c,"\0"); while (buf[i] == ' ') { i++; p++; } if (buf[i] == '#') fprintf (stderr, "Nici o comanda, ci e un comentariu!\n"); else { j=0; while (buf[i] != ' ' && buf[i] != '\n') { i++; j++; } strncpy (c,p,j); fprintf (stderr, "%s\n",c); if (strcmp (c,"yes") == 0) { p2 = p+j+1; pch = strtok (p2," "); count = 0; while (pch != NULL) { //printf ("%s\n",pch); matrix[count] = strdup(pch); pch = strtok (NULL, " "); count++; } yes(count, matrix); fprintf (stderr, "Aici se va executa comanda yes\n"); } else if (strcmp (c,"cat") == 0) { p2 = p+j+1; pch = strtok (p2," "); count = 0; while (pch != NULL) { //printf ("%s\n",pch); matrix[count] = strdup(pch); pch = strtok (NULL, " "); count++; } cat(count,matrix); fprintf (stderr, "Aici se va executa comanda cat \n"); } else if (strcmp (c,"tee") == 0) { //tee(); fprintf(stderr, "Aici se va executa comanda tee\n"); } fprintf (stderr, "Aici se va executa comanda basename\n"); strcpy(buf,"\0"); } } while (strcmp(c, "exit") != 0); fprintf (stderr, "Terminat corect!\n"); return 0; } int cat(int argc, char *argv[]) { int c ; opterr = 0 ; optind = 0 ; char number = 0; char squeeze = 0; char marker = 0; fprintf(stderr,"SALUT< SUNT IN FUNCTIZE>\n"); while ((c = getopt (argc, argv, "bnsE")) != -1) switch (c) { case 'b' : number = 1; break; case 'n' : number = 2; break; case 'm' : marker = 1; break; case 's' : squeeze = 1; break; case 'E' : marker = 1; break; } if (optind + 1 != argc) { fprintf (stderr, "\tWrong arguments!\n") ; return -1 ; } FILE * fd = fopen (argv[optind], "r"); printf("am deschis fisierul %s ",argv[optind]); if (fd == NULL) { printf("FISIER NULL asdasdasdasdasd"); return 1; } char line[1025]; int line_count = 1; while (!feof(fd)) { fgets(line, 1025, fd); printf("sunt in while :> %s",line); int len = strlen(line); if (line[len - 1] == '\n') { if(len - 2 >= 0) { if(line[len - 2] == '\r') { line[len - 2] = '\0'; len -= 2; } else { line[len - 1] = '\0'; len -= 1; } } else { line[len - 1] = '\0'; len -= 1; } } if (squeeze == 1 && len == 0) continue; if (number == 1) { fprintf (stdout, "%4d ", line_count); line_count++; } else if (number == 2) { if (len > 0) { fprintf (stdout, "%4d ", line_count); line_count++; } else fprintf (stdout, " "); } fprintf(stdout, "%s", line); if (marker == 1) fprintf(stdout, "$"); fprintf(stdout, "\n"); } fclose (fd); return 0 ; }

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• Monitor the shell activity of a user on your Unix system?

  - by Joseph Turian

  Trust, but verify. Let's say I want to hire someone a sysadmin, and give them root access to my Unix system. I want to disable X windows for them, only allow shell usage (through SSH, maybe), so that all operations they perform will be through the shell (not mouse operations). I need a tool that will log to a remote server all commands they issue, as they issue them. So even if they install a back door and cover their tracks, that will be logged remotely. How do I disable everything but shell access? Is there a tool for instantaneously remotely logging commands as they are issued?

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• Is it possible to write a Shell script which is faster to the same script in perl?

  - by JohnJohnGa

  Hi, I wrote multiple scripts in perl & shell and I had compared the real execution time. In all the cases - Perl script is more than 10 times faster than shell script. So i wondered if it possible to write a Shell script which is faster to the same script in perl? and why perl faster than shell although I use the 'system' function in perl script. Thanks for your help, Regards, JohnJohnGa

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