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  • How is a referencing environment generally implemented for closures?

    - by Alexandr Kurilin
    Let's say I have a statically/lexically scoped language with deep binding and I create a closure. The closure will consist of the statements I want executed plus the so called referencing environment, or, to quote this post, the collection of variables which can be used. What does this referencing environment actually look like implementation-wise? I was recently reading about ObjectiveC's implementation of blocks, and the author suggests that behind the scenes you get a copy of all of the variables on the stack and also of all the references to heap objects. The explanation claims that you get a "snapshot" of the referencing environment at the point in time of the closure's creation. Is that more or less what happens, or did I misread that? Is anything done to "freeze" a separate copy of the heap objects, or is it safe to assume that if they get modified between closure creation and the closure executing, the closure will no longer be operating on the original version of the object? If indeed there's copying being made, are there memory usage considerations in situations where one might want to create plenty of closures and store them somewhere? I think that misunderstanding of some of these concepts might lead to tricky issues like the ones Eric Lippert mentions in this blog post. It's interesting because you'd think that it wouldn't make sense to keep a reference to a value type that might be gone by the time the closure is called, but I'm guessing that in C# the compiler will figure out that the variable is needed later and put it into the heap instead. It seems that in most memory-managed languages everything is a reference and thus ObjectiveC is a somewhat unique situation with having to deal with copying what's on the stack.

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  • How to optimize Conway's game of life for CUDA?

    - by nlight
    I've written this CUDA kernel for Conway's game of life: global void gameOfLife(float* returnBuffer, int width, int height) { unsigned int x = blockIdx.x*blockDim.x + threadIdx.x; unsigned int y = blockIdx.y*blockDim.y + threadIdx.y; float p = tex2D(inputTex, x, y); float neighbors = 0; neighbors += tex2D(inputTex, x+1, y); neighbors += tex2D(inputTex, x-1, y); neighbors += tex2D(inputTex, x, y+1); neighbors += tex2D(inputTex, x, y-1); neighbors += tex2D(inputTex, x+1, y+1); neighbors += tex2D(inputTex, x-1, y-1); neighbors += tex2D(inputTex, x-1, y+1); neighbors += tex2D(inputTex, x+1, y-1); __syncthreads(); float final = 0; if(neighbors < 2) final = 0; else if(neighbors 3) final = 0; else if(p != 0) final = 1; else if(neighbors == 3) final = 1; __syncthreads(); returnBuffer[x + y*width] = final; } I am looking for errors/optimizations. Parallel programming is quite new to me and I am not sure if I get how to do it right. The rest of the app is: Memcpy input array to a 2d texture inputTex stored in a CUDA array. Output is memcpy-ed from global memory to host and then dealt with. As you can see a thread deals with a single pixel. I am unsure if that is the fastest way as some sources suggest doing a row or more per thread. If I understand correctly NVidia themselves say that the more threads, the better. I would love advice on this on someone with practical experience.

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  • Django: How can I identify the calling view from a template?

    - by bryan
    Short version: Is there a simple, built-in way to identify the calling view in a Django template, without passing extra context variables? Long (original) version: One of my Django apps has several different views, each with its own named URL pattern, that all render the same template. There's a very small amount of template code that needs to change depending on the called view, too small to be worth the overhead of setting up separate templates for each view, so ideally I need to find a way to identify the calling view in the template. I've tried setting up the views to pass in extra context variables (e.g. "view_name") to identify the calling view, and I've also tried using {% ifequal request.path "/some/path/" %} comparisons, but neither of these solutions seems particularly elegant. Is there a better way to identify the calling view from the template? Is there a way to access to the view's name, or the name of the URL pattern? Update 1: Regarding the comment that this is simply a case of me misunderstanding MVC, I understand MVC, but Django's not really an MVC framework. I believe the way my app is set up is consistent with Django's take on MVC: the views describe which data is presented, and the templates describe how the data is presented. It just happens that I have a number of views that prepare different data, but that all use the same template because the data is presented the same way for all the views. I'm just looking for a simple way to identify the calling view from the template, if this exists. Update 2: Thanks for all the answers. I think the question is being overthought -- as mentioned in my original question, I've already considered and tried all of the suggested solutions -- so I've distilled it down to a "short version" now at the top of the question. And right now it seems that if someone were to simply post "No", it'd be the most correct answer :) Update 3: Carl Meyer posted "No" :) Thanks again, everyone.

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  • passenger won't spawn more than 6 instances despite passenger_max_pool_size = 30

    - by mrD
    I have some problems with passenger + nginx and hope someone might be able help me and direct me in the right direction. I've set the passenger_max_pool_size to 30 but passenger never spawns more than 6 instances. I'm loading a webpage that uses ajax to load 30 sub pages from the server but because passenger only spawns 6 instances they are queued. What makes me confused is that Waiting on global queue is 0 but I can see in my browser that everything gets queued. When the first 6 ajax requests are done the next 6 starts loading. What am I missing? :) This is the output from passenger-status (I had about 24 requests in the browser waiting for response from the server when I checked this status) ----------- General information ----------- max = 30 count = 6 active = 6 inactive = 0 Waiting on global queue: 0 ----------- Domains ----------- /srv/rails/production/current: PID: 28428 Sessions: 1 Processed: 42 Uptime: 5m 43s PID: 28424 Sessions: 1 Processed: 23 Uptime: 5m 43s PID: 28422 Sessions: 1 Processed: 7 Uptime: 5m 43s PID: 28420 Sessions: 1 Processed: 22 Uptime: 6m 0s PID: 28426 Sessions: 1 Processed: 39 Uptime: 5m 43s PID: 28430 Sessions: 1 Processed: 7 Uptime: 5m 43s These are my passenger related settings in nginx.conf http { passenger_root /opt/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/passenger-2.2.11; passenger_ruby /opt/ruby/bin/ruby; passenger_max_pool_size 30;

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  • Is it possible to have asynchronous processing

    - by prashant2361
    Hi, I have a requirement where I need to send continuous updates to my clients. Client is browser in this case. We have some data which updates every sec, so once client connects to our server, we maintain a persistent connection and keep pushing data to the client. I am looking for suggestions of this implementation at the server end. Basically what I need is this: 1. client connects to server. I maintain the socket and metadata about the socket. metadata contains what updates need to be send to this client 2. server process now waits for new client connections 3. One other process will have the list of all the sockets opened and will go through each of them and send the updates if required. Can we do something like this in Apache module: 1. Apache process gets the new connection. It maintains the state for the connection. It keeps the state in some global memory and returns back to root process to signify that it is done so that it can accept the new connection 2. the Apache process though has returned the status to root process but it is also executing in parallel where it going through its global store and sending updates to the client, if any. So can a Apache process do these things: 1. Have more than one connection associated with it 2. Asynchronously waiting for new connection and at the same time processing the previous connections? Regards Prashant

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  • segmentation fault in file operations in c

    - by mekasperasky
    #include<stdio.h> /* this is a lexer which recognizes constants , variables ,symbols, identifiers , functions , comments and also header files . It stores the lexemes in 3 different files . One file contains all the headers and the comments . Another file will contain all the variables , another will contain all the symbols. */ int main() { int i; char a,b[20],c; FILE *fp1; fp1=fopen("source.txt","r"); //the source file is opened in read only mode which will passed through the lexer //now lets remove all the white spaces and store the rest of the words in a file if(fp1==NULL) { perror("failed to open source.txt"); //return EXIT_FAILURE; } i=0; while(1) { a=fgetc(fp1); if(a !="") { b[i]=a; } else { fprintf(fp1, "%.20s\n", b); i=0; continue; } i=i+1; /*Switch(a) { case EOF :return eof; case '+':sym=sym+1; case '-':sym=sym+1; case '*':sym=sym+1; case '/':sym=sym+1; case '%':sym=sym+1; case ' */ } return 0; } how does this code end up in segmentation fault?

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  • BASH echo write mysql input

    - by jmituzas
    Have a bash menu where variables write to file for mysql input. heres what I have: echo "CREATE DATABASE '$mysqldbn'; #GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO '$mysqlu'@'$myhost' IDENTIFIED BY '$mysqlup' WITH GRANT OPTION; GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, INDEX, ALTER, CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES, LOCK TABLES ON '$mysqldbn'.* TO '$mysqlu'@'$myhost' IDENTIFIED BY '$mysqlup'; GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, INDEX, ALTER, CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES, LOCK TABLES ON '$mysqldbn'.* TO '$mysqlu'@'$myip' IDENTIFIED BY '$mysqlup'; GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, INDEX, ALTER, CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES, LOCK TABLES ON '$mysqldbn'.* TO '$mysqlu'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '$mysqlup'; GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, INDEX, ALTER, CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES< LOCK TABLES on '$mysqldbn'.* TO '$mysqlu'@'$rip' IDENTIFIED BY '$mysqlup';" > nmysql.db mysql -u root -p$mypass < nmysql.db problem is to get variables to show I had to put them in single quotes, the single quotes show up as I want for instances like '$mysqlu'@'localhost'. But how can I remove the quotes and still get to use the variable in the instance like, CREATE DATABASE '$mysqldbn' ? Double quotes wont work either, I am at a loss. Thanks in advance, Joe

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  • Visual Studio 2008 Installer, Custom Action. Breakpoint not firing.

    - by Snake
    Hi, I've got an installer with a custom action project. I want the action to fire at install. The action fires, when I write something to the event log, it works perfectly. But I really need to debug the file since the action is quite complicated. So I've got the following installer class: namespace InstallerActions { using System; using System.Collections; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Configuration.Install; using System.Diagnostics; using System.IO; [RunInstaller(true)] // ReSharper disable UnusedMember.Global public partial class DatabaseInstallerAction : Installer // ReSharper restore UnusedMember.Global { public DatabaseInstallerAction() { InitializeComponent(); } public override void Install(IDictionary stateSaver) { base.Install(stateSaver); System.Diagnostics.Debugger.Launch(); System.Diagnostics.Debugger.Break(); // none of these work Foo(); } private static void Foo() { } } } The installer just finalizes without warning me, it doesn't break, it doesn't ask me to attach a debugger. I've tried debug and release mode. Am I missing something? Thanks -Snake

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  • PHP Facebook Cronjob with offline access

    - by Mohamed Salem
    1:the code to greet the user, ask for his permission and store his session data so that we can use a cronjob with his session data afterwards. <?php $db_server = "localhost"; $db_username = "username"; $db_password = "password"; $db_name = "databasename"; #go to line 85, the script actually starts there mysql_connect($db_server,$db_username,$db_password); mysql_select_db($db_name); #you have to create a database to store session values. #if you do not know what columns there should be look at line 76 to see column names. #make them all varchars # Now lets load the FB GRAPH API require './facebook.php'; // Create our Application instance. global $facebook; $facebook = new Facebook(array( 'appId' => '121036530138', 'secret' => '9bbec378147064', 'cookie' => false,)); # Lets set up the permissions we need and set the login url in case we need it. $par['req_perms'] = "friends_about_me,friends_education_history,friends_likes, friends_interests,friends_location,friends_religion_politics, friends_work_history,publish_stream,friends_activities, friends_events, friends_hometown,friends_location ,user_interests,user_likes,user_events, user_about_me,user_status,user_work_history,read_requests, read_stream,offline_access,user_religion_politics,email,user_groups"; $loginUrl = $facebook->getLoginUrl($par); function save_session($session){ global $facebook; # OK lets go to the database and see if we have a session stored $sid=mysql_query("Select access_token from facebook_user WHERE uid =".$session['uid']); $session_id=mysql_fetch_row($sid); if (is_array($session_id)) { # We have a stored session, but is it valid? echo " We have a session, but is it valid?"; try { $attachment = array('access_token' => $session_id[0]); $ret_code=$facebook->api('/me', 'GET', $attachment); } catch (Exception $e) { # We don't have a good session so echo " our old session is not valid, let's delete saved invalid session data "; $res = mysql_query("delete from facebook_user WHERE uid =".$session['uid']); #save new good session #to see what is our session data: print_r($session); if (is_array($session)) { $sql="insert into facebook_user (session_key,uid,expires,secret,access_token,sig) VALUES ('".$session['session_key']."','".$session['uid']."','". $session['expires']."','". $session['secret'] ."','" . $session['access_token']."','". $session['sig']."');"; $res = mysql_query($sql); return $session['access_token']; } # this should never ever happen echo " Something is terribly wrong: Our old session was bad, and now we cannot get the new session"; return; } echo " Our old stored session is valid "; return $session_id[0]; } else { echo " no stored session, this means the user never subscribed to our application before. "; # let's store the session $session = $facebook->getSession(); if (is_array($session)) { # Yes we have a session! so lets store it! $sql="insert into facebook_user (session_key,uid,expires,secret,access_token,sig) VALUES ('".$session['session_key']."','".$session['uid']."','". $session['expires']."','". $session['secret'] ."','". $session['access_token']."','". $session['sig']."');"; $res = mysql_query($sql); return $session['access_token']; } } } #this is the first meaningful line of this script. $session = $facebook->getSession(); # Is the user already subscribed to our application? if ( is_null($session) ) { # no he is not #send him to permissions page header( "Location: $loginUrl" ); } else { #yes, he is already subscribed, or subscribed just now #in case he just subscribed now, save his session information $access_token=save_session($session); echo " everything is ok"; # write your code here to do something afterwards } ?> error Warning: session_start() [function.session-start]: Cannot send session cache limiter - headers already sent (output started at /home/content/28/9687528/html/ss/src/indexx.php:1) in /home/content/28/9687528/html/ss/src/facebook.php on line 49 Fatal error: Call to undefined method Facebook::getSession() in /home/content/28/9687528/html/ss/src/indexx.php on line 86 2:A cronjob template that reads the stored session of a user from database, uses his session data to work on his behalf, like reading status posts or publishing posts etc. <?php $db_server = "localhost"; $db_username = "username"; $db_password = "pass"; $db_name = "database"; # Lets connect to the Database and set up the table $link = mysql_connect($db_server,$db_username,$db_password); mysql_select_db($db_name); # Now lets load the FB GRAPH API require './facebook.php'; // Create our Application instance. global $facebook; $facebook = new Facebook(array( 'appId' => 'appid', 'secret' => 'secret', 'cookie' => false, )); function get_check_session($uidCheck){ global $facebook; # This function basically checks for a stored session and if we have one it returns it # OK lets go to the database and see if we have a session stored $sid=mysql_query("Select access_token from facebook_user WHERE uid =".$uidCheck); $session_id=mysql_fetch_row($sid); if (is_array($session_id)) { # We have a session # but, is it valid? try { $attachment = array('access_token' => $session_id[0],); $ret_code=$facebook->api('/me', 'GET', $attachment); } catch (Exception $e) { # We don't have a good session so echo " User ".$uidCheck." removed the application, or there is some other access problem. "; # let's delete stored data $res = mysql_query("delete from facebook_user where WHERE uid =".$uidCheck); return; } return $session_id[0]; } else { # "no stored session"; echo " error:newsFeedcrontab.php No stored sessions. This should not have happened "; } } # get all users that have given us offline access $users = getUsers(); foreach($users as $user){ # now for each user, check if they are still subscribed to our application echo " Checking user".$user; $access_token=get_check_session($user); # If we've not got an access_token we actually need to login. # but in the crontab, we just log the error, there is no way we can find the user to give us permission here. if ( is_null($access_token) ) { echo " error: newsFeedcrontab.php There is no access token for the user ".$user." "; } else { #we are going to read the newsfeed of user. There are user's friends' posts in this newsfeed try{ $attachment = array('access_token' => $access_token); $result=$facebook->api('/me/home', 'GET', $attachment); }catch(Exception $e){ echo " error: newsfeedcrontab.php, cannot get feed of ".$user.$e; } #do something with the result here #but what does the result look like? #go to http://developers.facebook.com/docs/reference/api/user/ and click on the "home" link under connections #we can also read the home of user. Home is the wall of the user who has given us offline access. try{ $attachment = array('access_token' => $access_token); $result=$facebook->api('/me/feed', 'GET', $attachment); }catch(Exception $e){ echo " error: newsfeedcrontab.php, cannot get wall of ".$user.$e; } #do something with the result here # #but what does the result look like? #go to http://developers.facebook.com/docs/reference/api/user/ and click on the "feed" link under connections } } function getUsers(){ $sql = "SELECT distinct(uid) from facebook_user Where 1"; $result = mysql_query($sql); while($row = mysql_fetch_array($result)){ $rows [] = $row['uid']; } print_r($rows); return $rows; } mysql_close($link); ?> error Warning: session_start() [function.session-start]: Cannot send session cache limiter - headers already sent (output started at /home/content/28/9687528/html/ss/src/cron.php:1) in /home/content/28/9687528/html/ss/src/facebook.php on line 49 Warning: mysql_fetch_array(): supplied argument is not a valid MySQL result resource in /home/content/28/9687528/html/ss/src/cron.php on line 110 Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /home/content/28/9687528/html/ss/src/cron.php on line 64

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  • Partial template specialization for more than one typename

    - by Matt Joiner
    In the following code, I want to consider functions (Ops) that have void return to instead be considered to return true. The type Retval, and the return value of Op are always matching. I'm not able to discriminate using the type traits shown here, and attempts to create a partial template specialization based on Retval have failed due the presence of the other template variables, Op and Args. How do I specialize only some variables in a template specialization without getting errors? Is there any other way to alter behaviour based on the return type of Op? template <typename Retval, typename Op, typename... Args> Retval single_op_wrapper( Retval const failval, char const *const opname, Op const op, Cpfs &cpfs, Args... args) { try { CallContext callctx(cpfs, opname); Retval retval; if (std::is_same<bool, Retval>::value) { (callctx.*op)(args...); retval = true; } else { retval = (callctx.*op)(args...); } assert(retval != failval); callctx.commit(cpfs); return retval; } catch (CpfsError const &exc) { cpfs_errno_set(exc.fserrno); LOGF(Info, "Failed with %s", cpfs_errno_str(exc.fserrno)); } return failval; }

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  • How should rules for Aggregate Roots be enforced?

    - by MylesRip
    While searching the web, I came across a list of rules from Eric Evans' book that should be enforced for aggregates: The root Entity has global identity and is ultimately responsible for checking invariants Root Entities have global identity. Entities inside the boundary have local identity, unique only within the Aggregate. Nothing outside the Aggregate boundary can hold a reference to anything inside, except to the root Entity. The root Entity can hand references to the internal Entities to other objects, but they can only use them transiently (within a single method or block). Only Aggregate Roots can be obtained directly with database queries. Everything else must be done through traversal. Objects within the Aggregate can hold references to other Aggregate roots. A delete operation must remove everything within the Aggregate boundary all at once When a change to any object within the Aggregate boundary is committed, all invariants of the whole Aggregate must be satisfied. This all seems fine in theory, but I don't see how these rules would be enforced in the real world. Take rule 3 for example. Once the root entity has given an exteral object a reference to an internal entity, what's to keep that external object from holding on to the reference beyond the single method or block? (If the enforcement of this is platform-specific, I would be interested in knowing how this would be enforced within a C#/.NET/NHibernate environment.)

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  • What exactly is a reentrant function?

    - by eSKay
    Most of the times, the definition of reentrance is quoted from Wikipedia: A computer program or routine is described as reentrant if it can be safely called again before its previous invocation has been completed (i.e it can be safely executed concurrently). To be reentrant, a computer program or routine: Must hold no static (or global) non-constant data. Must not return the address to static (or global) non-constant data. Must work only on the data provided to it by the caller. Must not rely on locks to singleton resources. Must not modify its own code (unless executing in its own unique thread storage) Must not call non-reentrant computer programs or routines. How is safely defined? If a program can be safely executed concurrently, does it always mean that it is reentrant? What exactly is the common thread between the six points mentioned that I should keep in mind while checking my code for reentrant capabilities? Also, Are all recursive functions reentrant? Are all thread-safe functions reentrant? Are all recursive and thread-safe functions reentrant? While writing this question, one thing comes to mind: Are the terms like reentrance and thread safety absolute at all i.e. do they have fixed concrete definations? For, if they are not, this question is not very meaningful. Thanks!

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  • Crosstab with multiple items

    - by Michael Wexler
    In SPSS, it is (relatively) easy to create a cross tab with multiple variables using the factors as the table heading. So, something like the following (made up data, etc.). Q1, Q2, and Q3 each have either a 1, a 2, or a 3 for each person. 1 (very Often) 2 (Rarely) 3 (Never) Q1. Likes it 12 15 13 Q2. Recommends it 22 11 10 Q3. Used it 22 12 9 In SPSS, one can even request row, column, or total percentages. I've tried table(), ftable(), xtab(), CrossTable() from gmodels, and CrossTable() from descr, and none of these can handle (afaik) multiple variables; they mostly seem to handle 1 variable crossed with another variable, and the 3rd creates layers. Is there a package with some good cross tabbing/table examples that I could use to figure this out? I'm sure I'm missing something simple, so I appreciate you pointing out what I missed. Perhaps I have to generate each row as a separate list and then make a dataframe and print the dataframe?

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  • php class scope when calling a non-method function not accessing all class members

    - by Aglystas
    So I'm using a stand alone function from within a class that that uses the class it's being called from. Here's the function function catalogProductLink($product_id,$product_name,$categories=true) { //This is the class that the function is called from global $STATE; if ($categories) { //The $STATE->category_id is the property I want to access, which I can't if (is_array($STATE->category_id)) { foreach($STATE->category_id as $cat_id) { if ($cat_id == 0) continue; $str .= "c$cat_id/"; } } } $str .= catalogUrlKeywords($product_name).'-p'.$product_id.'.html'; return $str; } And here's the function call, which is being made from within the $STATE class. $redirect = catalogProductLink($this->product_id, $tempProd->product_name, true, false); The object that I need access to is the $STATE object that has been declared global. Prior to this function call there are lots of public properties populated, but when I look at the $STATE object within the function scope it loses all the properties but one, product_id. The property that matters for this function is the category_id property, which is an array of category id's. I'm wondering why I don't have access to all the public properties of the $STATE object and how I can get access to them.

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  • How to specify MQ channel table location for .net web application using web.config

    - by Matt
    I've been going around in circles for a while on this one now. I'm trying to connect to a distributed queue manager using a supplied channel table file. I can get this to work if I specify the environmental variable MQCHLLIB and MQCHLTAB on my server. However the IBM documentation states that the .net config file can override these variables. Here is what I have placed in my web.config file: ... <configSections> <section name="CHANNELS" type="System.Configuration.NameValueSectionHandler" /> </configSections> <CHANNELS> <add key="ChannelDefinitionDirectory" value="C:\temp"></add> <add key="ChannelDefinitionFile" value="DSM_MOM_TEST.tab"></add> </CHANNELS> ... And here is the code that is executing: Hashtable properties = new Hashtable(); //Add managed connection type to parameters. const String connectionType = MQC.TRANSPORT_MQSERIES_CLIENT; properties.Add(MQC.TRANSPORT_PROPERTY, connectionType); return new MQQueueManager(queueManagerName, properties); queueManagerName is set to the generic queue manager "*Q101T". However this isn't working and I get an error returned: 2058 MQRC_Q_MGR_NAME_ERROR I've been unable to find any more documentation on how to get this to work other than the environmental variables and the standard mqclient.ini should be overriden by the channels stanza in the web.config. Is there something that I've missed in the code? Any tips would be greatly appreciated.

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  • Drupal theme preprocess function - primary links and suckerfish menus

    - by slimcady
    I have a preprocess function that works fine when the menu is single level list. However I would like it to work w/ suckerfish menus. I want to add a class to the top level menu item so that I can style it. This is the code I used for the single level menu: function cti_flex_preprocess_page(&$vars, $hook) { // Make a shortcut for the primary links variables $primary_links = $vars['primary_links']; // Loop thru the menu, adding a new class for CSS selectors $i = 1; foreach ($primary_links as $link => $attributes){ // Append the new class to existing classes for each menu item $class = $attributes['attributes']['class'] . " item-$i"; // Add revised classes back to the primary links temp variable $primary_links[$link]['attributes']['class'] = $class; $link['title'] = '<span class="hide">' . check_plain($link['title']) . '</span>'; $i++; } // end the foreach loop // reset the variable to contain the new markup $vars['primary_links'] = $primary_links; } I've been trying to use the menu_tree() function to no avail, for example: function cti_flex_preprocess_page(&$vars, $hook) { // Make a shortcut for the primary links variables $primary_links = $vars['primary_links']; // Loop thru the menu, adding a new class for CSS selectors $i = 1; foreach ($primary_links as $link => $attributes){ // Append the new class to existing classes for each menu item $class = $attributes['attributes']['class'] . " item-$i"; // Add revised classes back to the primary links temp variable $primary_links[$link]['attributes']['class'] = $class; $link['title'] = '<span class="hide">' . check_plain($link['title']) . '</span>'; $i++; } // end the foreach loop // reset the variable to contain the new markup $vars['primary_links_tree'] = menu_tree(variable_get('menu_primary_links_source', '$primary_links')); } Any ideas would be greatly appreciated.

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  • Slope requires a real as parameter 2?

    - by Dave Jarvis
    Question How do you pass the correct value to udf_slope's second parameter type? Attempts CAST(Y.YEAR AS FLOAT), but that failed (SQL error). Y.YEAR + 0.0, but that failed, too (see error message). slope(D.AMOUNT, 1.0), failed as well Error Message Using udf_slope fails due to: Can't initialize function 'slope'; slope() requires a real as parameter 2 Code SELECT D.AMOUNT, Y.YEAR, slope(D.AMOUNT, Y.YEAR + 0.0) as SLOPE, intercept(D.AMOUNT, Y.YEAR + 0.0) as INTERCEPT FROM YEAR_REF Y, DAILY D Here, D.AMOUNT is a FLOAT and Y.YEAR is an INTEGER. Create Function The slope function was created as follows: CREATE AGGREGATE FUNCTION slope RETURNS REAL SONAME 'udf_slope.so'; Function Signature From udf_slope.cc: double slope( UDF_INIT* initid, UDF_ARGS* args, char* is_null, char* is_error ) Example Usages Reading the fine manual reveals: UDF intercept() Calculates the intercept of the linear regression of two sets of variables. Function name intercept Input parameter(s) 2 (dependent variable: REAL, independent variable: REAL) Examples SELECT intercept(income,age) FROM customers UDF slope() Calculates the slope of the linear regression of two sets of variables. Function name slope Input parameter(s) 2 (dependent variable: REAL, independent variable: REAL) Examples SELECT slope(income,age) FROM customers Thoughts? Thank you!

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  • define a closure as method from class

    - by user272839
    Hi, i'm trying to play with php5.3 and closure. I see here (Listing 7. Closure inside an object : http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/opensource/library/os-php-5.3new2/index.html) that it's possible to use $this in the callback function, but it's not. So I try to give $this as use variable : $self = $this; $foo = function() use($self) { //do something with $self } So to use the same example : class Dog { private $_name; protected $_color; public function __construct($name, $color) { $this->_name = $name; $this->_color = $color; } public function greet($greeting) { $self = $this; return function() use ($greeting, $self) { echo "$greeting, I am a {$self->_color} dog named {$self->_name}."; }; } } $dog = new Dog("Rover","red"); $dog->greet("Hello"); Output: Hello, I am a red dog named Rover. First of all this example does not print the string but return the function, but that's not my problem. Secondly I can't access to private or protected, because the callback function is a global function and not in the context from the Dog object. Tha't my problem. It's the same as : function greet($greeting, $object) { echo "$greeting, I am a {$self->_color} dog named {$self->_name}."; } And I want : public function greet($greeting) { echo "$greeting, I am a {$self->_color} dog named {$self->_name}."; } Which is from Dog and not global. I hope that I am clear ...

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  • Trouble creating calendar in Google API via Coldfusion

    - by KingErroneous
    I am trying to create a caledar using the Google API, and it just returns the list of calendars in my account, just like I sent a GET request. Here is my code: <cfxml variable="locals.xml"> <cfoutput> <entry xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:gCal="http://schemas.google.com/gCal/2005"> <title type="text">#arguments.argTitle#</title> <summary type="text">#arguments.argSummary#</summary> <cfif len(arguments.argTimezone)><gCal:timezone value="#arguments.argTimezone#"></gCal:timezone></cfif> <gCal:hidden value="false"></gCal:hidden> <gCal:accesslevel value="owner" /> <gCal:color value="#arguments.argColor#"></gCal:color> <gd:where rel='' label='' valueString='Oakland'></gd:where> </entry> </cfoutput> </cfxml> <cfhttp url="#variables.baseURL#/default/owncalendars/full" method="post" redirect="false" multiparttype="related" charset="utf-8"> <cfhttpparam type="header" name="Authorization" value="GoogleLogin auth=#getAuth(variables.serviceName)#"> <cfhttpparam type="header" name="Content-Type" value="application/atom+xml"> <cfhttpparam type="header" name="GData-Version" value="2"> <cfhttpparam type="body" value="#trim(locals.xml)#"> </cfhttp> Any help would be appreciated.

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  • Static Vs Non-Static Method Performance C#

    - by dotnetguts
    Hello All, I have few global methods declared in public class in my asp.net web application. I have habbit of declaring all global methods in public class in following format public static string MethodName(parameters) { } I want to know how it would impact on performance point of view? 1) Which one is Better? Static Method or Non-Static Method? 2) Reason why it is better? Following link shows Non-Static methods are good because, static methods are using locks to be Thread-safe. The always do internally a Monitor.Enter() and Monitor.exit() to ensure Thread-safety. http://bytes.com/topic/c-sharp/answers/231701-static-vs-non-static-function-performance And Following link shows Static Methods are good static methods are normally faster to invoke on the call stack than instance methods. There are several reasons for this in the C# programming language. Instance methods actually use the 'this' instance pointer as the first parameter, so an instance method will always have that overhead. Instance methods are also implemented with the callvirt instruction in the intermediate language, which imposes a slight overhead. Please note that changing your methods to static methods is unlikely to help much on ambitious performance goals, but it can help a tiny bit and possibly lead to further reductions. http://dotnetperls.com/static-method I am little confuse which one to use? Thanks

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  • why i^=j^=i^=j isn't equal to *i^=*j^=*i^=*j

    - by klvoek
    In c , when there is variables (assume both as int) i less than j , we can use the equation i^=j^=i^=j to exchange the value of the two variables. For example, let int i = 3, j = 5; after computed i^=j^=i^=j, I got i = 5, j = 3 . What is so amazing to me. But, if i use two int pointers to re-do this , with *i^=*j^=*i^=*j , use the example above what i got will be i = 0 and j = 3. Then, describe it simply: In C 1 int i=3, j=5; i^=j^=i^=j; // after this i = 5, j=3 2 int i = 3, j= 5; int *pi = &i, *pj = &j; *pi^=*pj^=*pi^=*pj; // after this, $pi = 0, *pj = 5 In JavaScript var i=3, j=5; i^=j^=i^=j; // after this, i = 0, j= 3 the result in JavaScript makes this more interesting to me my sample code , on ubuntu server 11.0 & gcc #include <stdio.h> int main(){ int i=7, j=9; int *pi=&i, *pj=&j; i^=j^=i^=j; printf("i=%d j=%d\n", i, j); i=7, j==9; *pi^=*pj^=*pi^=*pj printf("i=%d j=%d\n", *pi, *pj); } however, i had spent hours to test and find out why, but nothing means. So, please help me. Or, just only i made some mistake???

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  • How should I define a JavaScript 'namespace' to satisfy JSLint?

    - by Matthew Murdoch
    I want to be able to package my JavaScript code into a 'namespace' to prevent name clashes with other libraries. Since the declaration of a namespace should be a simple piece of code I don't want to depend on any external libraries to provide me with this functionality. I've found various pieces of advice on how to do this simply but none seem to be free of errors when run through JSLint (using 'The Good Parts' options). As an example, I tried this from Advanced JavaScript (section Namespaces without YUI): "use strict"; if (typeof(MyNamespace) === 'undefined') { MyNamespace = {}; } Running this through JSLint gives the following errors: Problem at line 2 character 12: 'MyNamespace' is not defined. Problem at line 3 character 5: 'MyNamespace' is not defined. Implied global: MyNamespace 2,3 The 'Implied global' error can be fixed by explicitly declaring MyNamespace... "use strict"; if (typeof(MyNamespace) === 'undefined') { var MyNamespace = {}; } ...and the other two errors can be fixed by declaring the variable outside the if block. "use strict"; var MyNamespace; if (typeof(MyNamespace) === 'undefined') { MyNamespace = {}; } So that works, but it seems to me that (since MyNamespace will always be undefined at the point it is checked?) it is equivalent to the much simpler: "use strict"; var MyNamespace = {}; JSLint is content with this but I'm concerned that I've simplified the code to such an extent that it will no longer function correctly as a namespace. Is this final formulation sensible?

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  • caching previous return values of procedures in scheme

    - by Brock
    In Chapter 16 of "The Seasoned Schemer", the authors define a recursive procedure "depth", which returns 'pizza nested in n lists, e.g (depth 3) is (((pizza))). They then improve it as "depthM", which caches its return values using set! in the lists Ns and Rs, which together form a lookup-table, so you don't have to recurse all the way down if you reach a return value you've seen before. E.g. If I've already computed (depthM 8), when I later compute (depthM 9), I just lookup the return value of (depthM 8) and cons it onto null, instead of recursing all the way down to (depthM 0). But then they move the Ns and Rs inside the procedure, and initialize them to null with "let". Why doesn't this completely defeat the point of caching the return values? From a bit of experimentation, it appears that the Ns and Rs are being reinitialized on every call to "depthM". Am I misunderstanding their point? I guess my question is really this: Is there a way in Scheme to have lexically-scoped variables preserve their values in between calls to a procedure, like you can do in Perl 5.10 with "state" variables?

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  • PHP Preserve scope when calling a function

    - by Joshua
    I have a function that includes a file based on the string that gets passed to it i.e. the action variable from the query string. I use this for filtering purposes etc so people can't include files they shouldn't be able to and if the file doesn't exist a default file is loaded instead. The problem is that when the function runs and includes the file scope, is lost because the include ran inside a function. This becomes a problem because I use a global configuration file, then I use specific configuration files for each module on the site. The way I'm doing it at the moment is defining the variables I want to be able to use as global and then adding them into the top of the filtering function. Is there any easier way to do this, i.e. by preserving scope when a function call is made or is there such a thing as PHP macros? Edit: Would it be better to use extract($_GLOBALS); inside my function call instead? Edit 2: For anyone that cared. I realised I was over thinking the problem altogether and that instead of using a function I should just use an include, duh! That way I can keep my scope and have my cake too.

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  • Multiple case or switch commands in php?

    - by kitenski
    Good Afternoon, I am trying to assign some variables to a listing which has a main category and a subcategory. This works fine for most of the variables, however in each sub category there are some fields which are other. ie Main Category 1 has sub category database, development and other Main Category 2 has sub category email, internet and other Main Category 3 has sub category graphics and other. So my first case statement is as follows which works fine. switch ($main_cat) { case "Main Category 1": $main="79"; break; case "Main Category 2": $main="83"; break; case "Main Category 3": $main="87"; break; } However I am struggling as to how to handle other. This stops the whole page loading with no error message switch ($second_cat) { case "Database": $second="145"; break; case "Development": $second="146"; break; case "Other": if ($main_cat) == 'Main Category 1' { $second="147";} break; } This doesn't work at all, second is not changed. switch ($second_cat) { case "Database": $second="145"; break; case "Development": $second="146"; break; case "Other": switch ($main_cat) { case "Main Category 1": $second="147"; break; } }

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