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• How can I create an AMI from an existing EC2 instance?

  - by Arkaaito

  (I suspect that this may already be answered somewhere, since it seems like it would be a common operation. But I can't find it, so...) I am a relative AWS newbie. I have inherited a running Amazon EC2 instance, with various items (Apache, MySQL, Sphinx, ...) installed on it and a bunch of configuration. I'd like to turn it into an AMI that I can spin up other instances from. I can't find any information on creating a custom AMI on Amazon's site - only the fact that you can, repeatedly referenced, as if to taunt me... I believe this is not an EBS-backed instance, just an "ordinary" one. I do not know what AMI it was originally created from. How would I create an AMI that I could use for spinning up other instances which will be identical except for the hostname?

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• FTP server (vsftpd) with webgui

  - by manutenfruits

  I want to build a file server to make users able to upload and download mostly multimedia, but also common files. Right now I have an Arch installation with vsftpd and I'm about to install miniDLNA for multimedia sharing. The only problem is that FTP doesn't seem to fit my needs, because almost always makes the users need a client such as FileZilla to make the server friendly. I have been looking for a web frontend for vsftp but apart from management interfaces there's nothing. I need a frontend accessible from a browser through which users can navigate throught the folders in an easier and more elegant way than the plain FTP display that browsers make by default. It should be able to let users upload files and, as an awesome extra, let them play the multimedia directly on the browser. For this, I am willing to dump FTP if needed, I've heard about HTTP File Servers but don't know too much about it. I could code everything myself, but there's gotta be something out there already.

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• Blocking apache access via user agent string

  - by Tchalvak

  I've got a scripter who is using a proxy to attack a website I'm serving. I've noticed that they tend to access the site via software with a certain common user agent string (i.e. http://www.itsecteam.com/en/projects/project1_page2.htm "Havij advanced sql injection software" with a user_agent string of Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727) Havij). I'm aware that any cracking software worth it's salt will probably be able to modify it's user agent string, but I'm fine with the scripter having to deal with that feature at some point. So, is there any software out there for automatically blocking access & permanently blacklisting by matching user agent strings?

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• Highly robust and scalable search server needed for managing and analyze files

  - by ChrisBenyamin

  Hi everybody, I am looking for a professional search server system with functionality, like e.g. solr http://lucene.apache.org/solr/ holds. Place of action should be a centralized location, whereon many hosts would request data. Furthermore the system should be extensible for implementing statistical procedures. (e.g. a kind of heatmap (or common diagrams) of a (or more) file(s) (which has a guid), that is spread on different hosts.) This software doesn't have to be opensource. thanks. chris

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• Nginx + PHP-FPM on Centos 6.5 gives me 502 Bad Gateway (fpm error: unable to read what child say: Bad file descriptor)

  - by Latheesan Kanes

  I am setting up a standard LEMP stack. My current setup is giving me the following error: 502 Bad Gateway This is what is currently installed on my server: Here's the configurations I've created/updated so far, can some one take a look at the following and see where the error might be? I've already checked my logs, there's nothing in there (http://i.imgur.com/iRq3ksb.png). And I saw the following in /var/log/php-fpm/error.log file. sidenote: both the nginx and php-fpm has been configured to run under a local account called www-data and the following folders exits on the server nginx.conf global nginx configuration user www-data; worker_processes 6; worker_rlimit_nofile 100000; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log crit; pid /var/run/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 2048; use epoll; multi_accept on; } http { include /etc/nginx/mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; # cache informations about FDs, frequently accessed files can boost performance open_file_cache max=200000 inactive=20s; open_file_cache_valid 30s; open_file_cache_min_uses 2; open_file_cache_errors on; # to boost IO on HDD we can disable access logs access_log off; # copies data between one FD and other from within the kernel # faster then read() + write() sendfile on; # send headers in one peace, its better then sending them one by one tcp_nopush on; # don't buffer data sent, good for small data bursts in real time tcp_nodelay on; # server will close connection after this time keepalive_timeout 60; # number of requests client can make over keep-alive -- for testing keepalive_requests 100000; # allow the server to close connection on non responding client, this will free up memory reset_timedout_connection on; # request timed out -- default 60 client_body_timeout 60; # if client stop responding, free up memory -- default 60 send_timeout 60; # reduce the data that needs to be sent over network gzip on; gzip_min_length 10240; gzip_proxied expired no-cache no-store private auth; gzip_types text/plain text/css text/xml text/javascript application/x-javascript application/xml; gzip_disable "MSIE [1-6]\."; # Load vHosts include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; } conf.d/www.domain.com.conf my vhost entry ## Nginx php-fpm Upstream upstream wwwdomaincom { server unix:/var/run/php-fcgi-www-data.sock; } ## Global Config client_max_body_size 10M; server_names_hash_bucket_size 64; ## Web Server Config server { ## Server Info listen 80; server_name domain.com *.domain.com; root /home/www-data/public_html; index index.html index.php; ## Error log error_log /home/www-data/logs/nginx-errors.log; ## DocumentRoot setup location / { try_files $uri $uri/ @handler; expires 30d; } ## These locations would be hidden by .htaccess normally #location /app/ { deny all; } ## Disable .htaccess and other hidden files location /. { return 404; } ## Magento uses a common front handler location @handler { rewrite / /index.php; } ## Forward paths like /js/index.php/x.js to relevant handler location ~ .php/ { rewrite ^(.*.php)/ $1 last; } ## Execute PHP scripts location ~ \.php$ { try_files $uri =404; expires off; fastcgi_read_timeout 900; fastcgi_pass wwwdomaincom; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; } ## GZip Compression gzip on; gzip_comp_level 8; gzip_min_length 1000; gzip_proxied any; gzip_types text/plain application/xml text/css text/js application/x-javascript; } /etc/php-fpm.d/www-data.conf my php-fpm pool config ## Nginx php-fpm Upstream upstream wwwdomaincom { server unix:/var/run/php-fcgi-www-data.sock; } ## Global Config client_max_body_size 10M; server_names_hash_bucket_size 64; ## Web Server Config server { ## Server Info listen 80; server_name domain.com *.domain.com; root /home/www-data/public_html; index index.html index.php; ## Error log error_log /home/www-data/logs/nginx-errors.log; ## DocumentRoot setup location / { try_files $uri $uri/ @handler; expires 30d; } ## These locations would be hidden by .htaccess normally #location /app/ { deny all; } ## Disable .htaccess and other hidden files location /. { return 404; } ## Magento uses a common front handler location @handler { rewrite / /index.php; } ## Forward paths like /js/index.php/x.js to relevant handler location ~ .php/ { rewrite ^(.*.php)/ $1 last; } ## Execute PHP scripts location ~ \.php$ { try_files $uri =404; expires off; fastcgi_read_timeout 900; fastcgi_pass wwwdomaincom; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; } ## GZip Compression gzip on; gzip_comp_level 8; gzip_min_length 1000; gzip_proxied any; gzip_types text/plain application/xml text/css text/js application/x-javascript; } I've got a file in /home/www-data/public_html/index.php with the code <?php phpinfo(); ?> (file uploaded as user www-data).

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• Managing self-updating Windows software in GPO-deployed packages

  - by Paul

  Being very new to Windows software distribution for a small network (<50 clients) I was wondering how software packages like Adobe's Reader or Java are handled. I can deploy them as MSIs via group policies just fine. But what happens when the client software detects updates? What are common ways to handle this? Disable the software's autoupdate feature? Redeploy when the admin detects a new version? Just fishing for knowledge, thanks for any hint.

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• Ubuntu can't install an older version of a package

  - by Trevor Newhook

  When I try to do an apt-get install, I keep getting an error: Depends: libgtk-3-common (= 3.4.1-0ubuntu1) but 3.4.2-0ubuntu0.4 is to be installed when I run sudo apt-get -f install, I get several dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'XXX' missing, assuming package has no files currently installed. then Preparing to replace libgtk-3-bin 3.4.1-0ubuntu1 (using .../libgtk-3-bin_3.4.2-0ubuntu0.4_i386.deb) ... Adding 'diversion of /usr/sbin/update-icon-caches to /usr/sbin/update-icon-caches.gtk2 by libgtk-3-bin' dpkg-divert: error: rename involves overwriting `/usr/sbin/update-icon-caches.gtk2' with different file `/usr/sbin/update-icon-caches', not allowed dpkg: error processing /var/cache/apt/archives/libgtk-3-bin_3.4.2-0ubuntu0.4_i386.deb (--unpack): subprocess new pre-installation script returned error exit status 2 Errors were encountered while processing: /var/cache/apt/archives/libgtk-3-bin_3.4.2-0ubuntu0.4_i386.deb E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1) I'm not sure why it's complaining about a newer version of a package, but any help would be appreciated

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• Likeliness of obtaining same IP address after restarting a router

  - by ?affael

  My actual objective is to simulate logged IPs of web-site users who are all assumed to use dynamically assigned IPs. There will be two kinds of users: good users who only change IP when the ISP assignes a new one bad users who will restart their router to obtain a new IP So what I would like to understand is what assignment mechanics are usually at work here deciding from what pool of IPs one is chosen and whether the probability is uniformly distributed. I know there is no definite and global answer as this process can be adjusted be the ISP but maybe there is something like a technological frame and common process that allows some plausible assumptions. UPDATE: A bad user will restart the router as often as possible if necessary. So here the central question is how many IP changes on average are necessary to end up with a previously used IP.

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• Block IPs if they access a resource

  - by Victor Oliva

  I own a server that it's costantly being attacked by scripts (that try to access to phpMyAdmin's setup file's and stuff like this). I've heard that many people get this kinds of attacks, but I'm starting to worry since they are getting more common (last month I got 2 attacks, and on november 7th there are 3 attempts already (1st, 4th and 6th of nov). I'm not really concerned about it, since I don't have any database. All the info i have on that server is absolutely public, but I'm worried about that attacking-rate increase. So I thought I could -temporarily- block the IPs that come from those attackers, or something that could make my server ignore requests that ask for phpMyAdmin, pma, xamp, etc. Is there something like that? my server is Linux+Apache+Php

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• What is the best filesystem for storing thousands of files in one dictionary-like id-blob structure?

  - by Ivan

  What filesystem best suits my needs? Thousands or even millions of files in one directory. Good (ext4 & ntfs level or close) reliability (incl. fault tolerance) and access speed. No directories actually needed, as well as descriptive names, just a dictionary-like structure of id-blob pairs is all I need. No links, attributes, and access control features needed. The purpose is a file storage where all the metadata (data describing all the facts about what the file actually contains and who can access it) is stored in a MySQL database. As far as I know common filesystems like NTFS and ext3/4 can go dead-slow if there are too many files placed in one directory - that's why I ask.

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• Symfony sfControlPanel 500 error only when executing 'tasks'

  - by rrlange

  As a bit of background, I recently had to restore a Symfony site from backup. Ever since the 'successful' restore, I am running into an exception when trying to execute a(ny) task via the web-based sfControlPanel: Unable to find PHP executable stack trace * at sfToolkit::getPhpCli() in SF_ROOT_DIR/plugins/sfControlPanelPlugin/modules/sfControlPanel/actions/actions.class.php line 93 FYI: symfony version 1.0.6 PHP 5.2.6 (cli) (built: May 2 2008 16:06:40) Apache/2.2.3 CentOS 5.* Thank you very much for any and all suggestions as to what might be amiss. Addendum: I neglected to mention that I can the frontend app (and certain backend apps) perfectly fine via the web. I am also able to run common tasks via the command line (cc etc.).

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• Transparently cache files from a network drive in Linux

  - by Vadim

  We have a Linux server that reads files from a network drive and processes them. In a common scenario, a user will log in and access the same files over and over again. The size of the files varies but the larger ones can be around 50+ Mb. The files seldom change. I was wondering if it's somehow possible to transparently cache the files. I don't want (or can) change the program the reads the files, nor do I control the protocol by which the files are accessed. I just want something to detect that I access a certain path, copy the file locally (if needed) and then read the file from the local drive. I've read about Bcache but can't figure out if it's what I need. Do you have any suggestions? Thanks, Vadim.

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• Lenovo Thinkpad SL500 and Keyboard Flex problem.

  - by nitbuntu

  I was testing a Thinkpad SL500 system at a local store and found the flexing of the keyboard to be quite a deal breaker for me; it was flexing quite prominently with very little pressure applied. I find it hard to believe that a business grade laptop should have this problem as a consumer grade laptop that I own (Dell Inspiron 1526) has very little keyboard flex and one needs to apply a lot of pressure to notice it. Is this a common issue with the SL500 or SL510 models of Thinkpad laptops? What about the Thinkpad R500, does this also suffer from similar issues?

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• Sharing Windows Folders on a Network... other PCs see but can't access

  - by John

  I'm soooo tired of network setup issues. All I want to do is share a folder and all it's sub-folders so other PCs on my network can view and change this remote location. Why is it that setting a dir to "shared" doesn't actually make it usable in any way? The other PC can see the fodler but is unable to actually open it and look inside. It seems every time I want to do this I go through some semi-random process of right clicking the folder and enabling sharing, then looking in the folder properties to add permissions and other sharing... and then I end up with some folders working but others will randomly block permission on certain files or sub-dirs. I have 5 PCs in my local testing network and I cannot believe it should be this complicated... where is the simple "make this folder work on the network" option?! I have a mixture of XP, Vista & W7 machines, but this seems common to all of them.

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• What is a good php 5.3.x shared hosting company?

  - by Abba Bryant

  I am looking for the best shared host - features-wise, not price - for hosting CakePHP and Lithium applications. I would like to be able to use MongoDB / MySQL as well as have access to some of the more common PHP extensions like MCrypt, etc. I currently use dreamhost with a custom PHP 5.3.x build on my sandbox domain - Please do not suggest this as a solution. I want to move away from managing my own PHP build if possible. I need ssh access but email support isn't as big of an issue.

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• Intel RAID0 on Windows 8 not Displaying Correct Media Type

  - by kobaltz

  I have my primary C Drive which consists of 2 Intel 120GB SSD Drives in a RAID0. I have a clean install of Windows 8 Pro, latest MEI software, latest RST software, latest Intel Toolbox. Prior to this I had installed Windows 8 Pro as an upgrade. When I went into the Optimize Drives while in the Upgrade installation, it showed the Media Types as Solid State Drives. However, now since I am in a brand new install, it is showing the Media Type as Hard Disk Drive. I am worried about this because of the trim not working properly. Before when in the upgrade, it showed SSD as the media type and the Optimize option would perform a manual trim. Unfortunately, my search credentials on Google are so common to many other things (ie Raid0, SSD, Windows 8, Media Type) that all I am finding are useless topics. Before, (found on random site) it showed the Media Type as below

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• Why and when to use Personal Package Archives (PPA)

  - by reversiblean

  Do you prefer PPA over core repositories and why or why not? Are there any compatibility issues when using a PPA as there are different distro releases but just one common repository? Where would you normally search for application repositories that are not in the core repositories? I.e., I was about to install Gnome Flashback in Ubuntu 12.04 which is the new classic version of earlier fallback but found that it's only available as a ppa-release and was wondering which one to choose between the two; fallback or newer flashback.

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• How do I make a partition usable in windows 7 after power loss?

  - by user1306322

  A few days ago I was installing some software and power went down. When I rebooted, the partition to which the software was installed was not accessible. Disk manager shows that it's there, but doesn't show type, if it's healthy and gives me an error when trying to read its properties. The problem seems to be common after power loss, people recommend solving it by assigning a letter to the partition via DiskPart utility, but partition isn't listed in my case. I can access that partition with bootable OSs (like bootable Ubuntu or winXP) and all the files are there, but another installation of Windows 7 gives me the same results as the original. I could just copy all data to another disk if there was enough space, but unfortunately the size of partition I'm having problems with is 1.1TB. How do I regain access to the partition in my original Windows 7 installation without losing any data?

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• To decide where to crop an image, how can I highlight it's most compressible areas?

  - by Umber Ferrule

  I'm looking to get the most compression out of each of the most popular image formats, such as, JPEG, PNG, GIF, etc. Ideally, this would be a tool, or a series of transforms that could be performed (perhaps using a macro and then discarded) in popular image editors (Paint.NET/PaintShopPro/PhotoShop/GIMP) to highlight areas which will compress less. Alternatively, what rules of thumb can be used other than reducing colours (for PNG/GIF), reducing image dimensions, avoiding high detail areas... I'm not asking for help deciding what format to use for a particular image type as I think this is fairly common knowledge, i.e. diagram and images with few colours = PNG/GIF, photographs = JPEG.

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• Firefox keyboard shortcuts to menu items / add-on functions

  - by Cel

  At the moment I'm using context menus a lot to access commands in Firefox, but I would like to replace this repetitive clicking and searching with keyboard shortcuts for the common tasks that I perform. How to assign keys to add-on functionality? E.g. I use Close Other Tabs from Tab Mix Plus a lot - but I could not find any add-on that allows me to create a key combination for it e.g. Ctrl Alt Shift F4? My search did yield Key config, but this extension does not allow mapping to add-on functions I thought Menu Editor might be relevant, as you can change menus with it, and re-arrange even add-on items A rather demanding solution here, which seems to require re-compiling some jar files Customizing menu shortcuts in Firefox

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• Installing Java 1.5 on Ubuntu?

  - by StackedCrooked

  I already have Java 1.6, but I need to test something with 1.5. I have downloaded the .bin file from http://java.sun.com/javase/downloads/index_jdk5.jsp using the Sun Download Manager. Now I want to create a deb file from this bin file: $ fakeroot make-jpkg java_ee_sdk-5_01-linux.bin Creating temporary directory: /tmp/make-jpkg.Zpm1Y7LbZ0 Loading plugins: blackdown-j2re.sh blackdown-j2sdk.sh common.sh ibm-j2re.sh ibm-j2sdk.sh j2re.sh j2sdk-doc.sh j2sdk.sh j2se.sh sun-j2re.sh sun-j2sdk-doc.sh sun-j2sdk.sh Detected Debian build architecture: i386 Detected Debian GNU type: i486-linux-gnu No matching plugin was found. Removing temporary directory: done How can I fix the "No matching plugin was found." error? Update I downloaded jdk-1_5_0_22-linux-amd64.bin from the archive page and ran Linux installer. It works fine.

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• MSSQL: Choice of service accounts

  - by Troels Arvin

  When installing MS SQL Server 2008, one needs to associate a service account with the installation (possibly even several accounts, one for the SQL Server Agent, one for Analysis Services, ..., but let's leave that for the case of simplicity). The service account may be local account, or a Windows domain account. If a domain account is used: Can MSSQL start, if connectivity to the domain controllers is temporarily down? If the answer is yes: Should each DBMS instance on each server have a separate account, or does it make sense to use a particular "MSSQL" domain account on all MSSQL-installations in the organization? If separate accounts are used for each instance on each server: Does it make sense to create a special MSSQL security group in the domain and place all the MSSQL service accounts in that group, perhaps to ease replication, etc? Is there a common, generally accepted naming convention for MSSQL service account(s)?

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• Yahoo toolbar and local sites (e.g. Intranet)

  - by Klaptrap

  We have local sites running on IIS in regular MS Windows network. User base has IE, FireFox and Chrome. Local sites are isolated by host headers and DNS record created for the common IP accordingly. This is a regular set-up. Users without Yahoo Toolbar type http://intranet and the sites resolves. Users with Yahoo toolbar type http://intranet and the toolbar goes off to search for this site in public domain. This is irrespective to whether the address is typed into the browser address bar or the toolbar. All versions of toolbar and IE are affected. I cannot see a setting on the toolbar to switch this "irritating" behaviour off and simply un-installing the toolbar is not an option. Any ideas?

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• Prevalence of WMI enabled in real Windows Server networks

  - by TripleAntigen

  Hi I would like to get opinions from systems administrators, on how common it is that WMI functionality is actually enabled in corporate networks. I am writing an enterprise network application that could benefit from the features of WMI, but I noted after creating a virtual network based on Server 2008 R2, that WMI seems to be disabled by default. Do systems admins in practical corporate networks enable WMI? Or is it usually disabled for security purposes? What is it used for if it is enabled? Thanks for any advice! MORE INFO: I should have said, I really need to be able to query the workstations but I understand that by default the WMI ports on Win7 and XP firewalls (at least) are disallowed, so do you use some sort of group policy or other method to leave a hole open for WMI on the workstations? Or is just the servers that are of interest? Thanks for the responses!!

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• NGINX downloads text file instead of displaying it

  - by Hoang Lam

  I have Nginx installed with the following nginx.conf: user nginx; worker_processes 1; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; pid /var/run/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { include /etc/nginx/mime.types; log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; access_log /vagrant/access.log main; sendfile on; keepalive_timeout 65; include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; } Everytime I tried the URL of any text files (not PHP, it works fine), the browser asks to download it. Common measure such as disabling default-type octet/stream fails.

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