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  • Why doesn't g++ pay attention to __attribute__((pure)) for virtual functions?

    - by jchl
    According to the GCC documentation, __attribute__((pure)) tells the compiler that a function has no side-effects, and so it can be subject to common subexpression elimination. This attribute appears to work for non-virtual functions, but not for virtual functions. For example, consider the following code: extern void f( int ); class C { public: int a1(); int a2() __attribute__((pure)); virtual int b1(); virtual int b2() __attribute__((pure)); }; void test_a1( C *c ) { if( c->a1() ) { f( c->a1() ); } } void test_a2( C *c ) { if( c->a2() ) { f( c->a2() ); } } void test_b1( C *c ) { if( c->b1() ) { f( c->b1() ); } } void test_b2( C *c ) { if( c->b2() ) { f( c->b2() ); } } When compiled with optimization enabled (either -O2 or -Os), test_a2() only calls C::a2() once, but test_b2() calls b2() twice. Is there a reason for this? Is it because, even though the implementation in class C is pure, g++ can't assume that the implementation in every subclass will also be pure? If so, is there a way to tell g++ that this virtual function and every subclass's implementation will be pure?

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  • What does an object look like in memory?

    - by NeilMonday
    This is probably a really dumb question, but I will ask anyway. I am curious what an object looks like in memory. Obviously it would have to have all of its member data in it. I assume that functions for an object would not be duplicated in memory (or maybe I am wrong?). It would seem wasteful to have 999 objects in memory all with the same function defined over and over. If there is only 1 function in memory for all 999 objects, then how does each function know who's member data to modify (I specifically want to know at the low level). Is there an object pointer that gets sent to the function behind the scenes? Perhaps it is different for every compiler? Also, how does the static keyword affect this? With static member data, I would think that all 999 objects would use the exact same memory location for their static member data. Where does this get stored? Static functions I guess would also just be one place in memory, and would not have to interact with instantiated objects, which I think I understand.

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  • When is it possible to override top-level bindings in (R7RS) scheme?

    - by Marc
    I have read the current draft of the forthcoming R7RS scheme standard (small language), but I don't understand under which conditions it is not an error to redefine top-level bindings. I guess that it is possible to define or set! a binding that has been introduced at the top-level of a program a second time. But what about imported bindings from an external library? Is it possible to override these bindings by the standard? On page 26/27 of the report, it says: The top level of a program may also include import declarations. In a library declaration, it is an error to import the same identifier more than once with different bindings, or to redefine or mutate an imported binding with define, define-syntax or set!. However, a REPL should permit these actions. Does it mean that redefining is only an error when it does happen in libraries for imported bindings? I understand that it prohibits optimisations by compilers if the compiler does not know whether, say + still means the built-in addition or is any other user-specified error. But from this perspective, it does not make sense to restrict forbidding to rebind on the library level, when it would also make sense (at least) for imported bindings in programs. P.S.: As this is all about the environment of a scheme program: am I right in saying that environments are not first class citizens because one cannot get hold of the current environment? (Which, in turn, allows a compiled program to forget about the chosen names of the bindings.)

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  • [c++] accessing the hidden 'this' pointer

    - by Kyle
    I have a GUI architecture wherein elements fire events like so: guiManager->fireEvent(BUTTON_CLICKED, this); Every single event fired passes 'this' as the caller of the event. There is never a time I dont want to pass 'this', and further, no pointer except for 'this' should ever be passed. This brings me to a problem: How can I assert that fireEvent is never given a pointer other than 'this', and how can I simplify (and homogenize) calls to fireEvent to just: guiManager->fireEvent(BUTTON_CLICKED); At this point, I'm reminded of a fairly common compiler error when you write something like this: class A { public: void foo() {} }; class B { void oops() { const A* a = new A; a->foo(); } }; int main() { return 0; } Compiling this will give you ../src/sandbox.cpp: In member function ‘void B::oops()’: ../src/sandbox.cpp:7: error: passing ‘const A’ as ‘this’ argument of ‘void A::foo()’ discards qualifiers because member functions pass 'this' as a hidden parameter. "Aha!" I say. This (no pun intended) is exactly what I want. If I could somehow access the hidden 'this' pointer, it would solve both issues I mentioned earlier. The problem is, as far as I know you can't (can you?) and if you could, there would be outcries of "but it would break encapsulation!" Except I'm already passing 'this' every time, so what more could it break. So, is there a way to access the hidden 'this', and if not are there any idioms or alternative approaches that are more elegant than passing 'this' every time?

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  • Is std::move really needed on initialization list of constructor for heavy members passed by value?

    - by PiotrNycz
    Recently I read an example from cppreference.../vector/emplace_back: struct President { std::string name; std::string country; int year; President(std::string p_name, std::string p_country, int p_year) : name(std::move(p_name)), country(std::move(p_country)), year(p_year) { std::cout << "I am being constructed.\n"; } My question: is this std::move really needed? My point is that compiler sees that this p_name is not used in the body of constructor, so, maybe, there is some rule to use move semantics for it by default? That would be really annoying to add std::move on initialization list to every heavy member (like std::string, std::vector). Imagine hundreds of KLOC project written in C++03 - shall we add everywhere this std::move? This question: move-constructor-and-initialization-list answer says: As a golden rule, whenever you take something by rvalue reference, you need to use it inside std::move, and whenever you take something by universal reference (i.e. deduced templated type with &&), you need to use it inside std::forward But I am not sure: passing by value is rather not universal reference?

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  • C++ templates error: instantiated from 'void TestClass::testMethod(T, std::map) [with T = SomeClass]

    - by pureconsciousness
    Hello there, I've some problem in my code I cannot deal with: #ifndef TESTCLASS_H_ #define TESTCLASS_H_' #include <map> using namespace std; template <typename T> class TestClass { public: TestClass(){}; virtual ~TestClass(){}; void testMethod(T b,std::map<T,int> m); }; template <typename T> void TestClass`<T`>::testMethod(T b,std::map<T,int> m){ m[b]=0; } #endif /*TESTCLASS_H_*/ int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { SomeClass s; TestClass<SomeClass> t; map<SomeClass,int> m; t.testMethod(s,m); } Compiler gives me following error in line m[b]=0; : instantiated from 'void TestClass::testMethod(T, std::map) [with T = SomeClass] Could you help find the problem?? Thanks in advance

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  • Very simple code for number search gives me infinite loop

    - by Joshua
    Hello, I am a newbie Computer Science high school student and I have trouble with a small snippet of code. Basically, my code should perform a basic CLI search in an array of integers. However, what happens is I get what appears to be an infinite loop (BlueJ, the compiler I'm using, gets stuck and I have to reset the machine). I have set break points but I still don't quite get the problem...(I don't even understand most of the things that it tells me) Here's the offending code (assume that "ArrayUtil" works, because it does): import java.util.Scanner; public class intSearch { public static void main(String[] args) { search(); } public static void search() { int[] randomArray = ArrayUtil.randomIntArray(20, 100); Scanner searchInput = new Scanner(System.in); int searchInt = searchInput.nextInt(); if (findNumber(randomArray, searchInt) == -1) { System.out.println("Error"); }else System.out.println("Searched Number: " + findNumber(randomArray, searchInt)); } private static int findNumber(int[] searchedArray, int searchTerm) { for (int i = 0; searchedArray[i] == searchTerm && i < searchedArray.length; i++) { return i; } return -1; } } This has been bugging me for some time now...please help me identify the problem!

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  • how to install a file handle in perl class

    - by Haiyuan Zhang
    please looku up the following code first. #! /usr/bin/perl package foo; sub new { my $pkg = shift; my $self = {}; my $self->{_fd} = undef; bless $self, $pkg; return $self; } sub Setfd { my $self = shift; my $fd = shift; $self_->{_fd} = $fd; } sub write { my $self = shift; print $self->{_fd} "hello word"; } my $foo = new foo; My intention is to store a file handle within a class using hash. the file handle is undefined at first, but can be initilized afterwards by calling Setfd function. then write can be called to actually write string "hello word" to a file indicated by the file handle, supposed that the file handle is the result of a success "write" open. but, perl compiler just complains that there are syntax error in the "print" line. can anyone of you tells me what's wrong here? thanks in advance.

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  • Getting values from another winform and passing it to current!

    - by klm9971
    Hello: I have 2 windows forms. The 1st one who gets active during start of the program has a button in which another 2nd windows form appears which has text field in which user type their name and HIT okay. Now in the 1st form I have a variable name: nameproccessed which takes the name from the second form. But the problem is my button which is in the 1st form has more functions besides taking name, how can I stop the flow of the compiler to take first the name from the second form and then process the rest execution of the function??? Here is the snippet of my code: //1st form //Class1 public string _nameProcessed = ""; private void btnGetSomething_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { showdial(); //some more functionalities in this function!!! } private void showdial() { InputName inm = new InputName(); inm.Show(); } //2nd form //Class2 public string name; private void btnEnterName_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { name = tbxName.Text; Class1 ict = new Class1(); ict._nameProcessed = name; this.Close(); } Now I want to take the 'name' from the second form put it on the _nameprocessed in the 1st form and then execute the rest of the function. How can I do that? Any help!

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  • Is it not possible to make a C++ application "Crash Proof"?

    - by Enno Shioji
    Let's say we have an SDK in C++ that accepts some binary data (like a picture) and does something. Is it not possible to make this SDK "crash-proof"? By crash I primarily mean forceful termination by the OS upon memory access violation, due to invalid input passed by the user (like an abnormally short junk data). I have no experience with C++, but when I googled, I found several means that sounded like a solution (use a vector instead of an array, configure the compiler so that automatic bounds check is performed, etc.). When I presented this to the developer, he said it is still not possible.. Not that I don't believe him, but if so, how is language like Java handling this? I thought the JVM performs everytime a bounds check. If so, why can't one do the same thing in C++ manually? UPDATE By "Crash proof" I don't mean that the application does not terminate. I mean it should not abruptly terminate without information of what happened (I mean it will dump core etc., but is it not possible to display a message like "Argument x was not valid" etc.?)

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  • GetLongPathName Undeclared

    - by iwizardpro
    When I try to compile my code with the function GetLongPathName(), the compiler tells me that the function is undeclared. I have already read the MSDN documentation located @ http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa364980%28VS.85%29.aspx. But, even though I included those header files, I am still getting the undeclared function error. Which header file(s) am I supposed to include when using the function? #include <Windows.h> #include <WinBase.h> #define DLLEXPORT extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) DLLEXPORT char* file_get_long(char* path_original) { long length = 0; TCHAR* buffer = NULL; if(!path_original) { return "-10"; } length = GetLongPathName(path_original, NULL, 0); if(length == 0) { return "-10"; } buffer = new TCHAR[length]; length = GetLongPathName(path_original, buffer, length); if(length == 0) { return "-10"; } return buffer; } And, if it makes a difference, I am currently compiling using Dev-C++ on a Windows Vista 64-bit.

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  • Why do I get "request for member in something not a struct or union" from this code?

    - by pyroxene
    I'm trying to teach myself C by coding up a linked list. I'm new to pointers and memory management and I'm getting a bit confused. I have this code: /* Remove a node from the list and rejiggle the pointers */ void rm_node(struct node **listP, int index) { struct node *prev; struct node *n = *listP; if (index == 0) { *listP = *listP->next; free(n); return; } for (index; index > 0; index--) { n = n->next; if (index == 2) { prev = n; } } prev->next = n->next; free(n); } to remove an element from the list. If I want to remove the first node, I still need some way of referring to the list, which is why the listP arg is a double pointer, so it can point to the first element of the list and allow me to free the node that used to be the head. However, when I try to dereference listP to access the pointer to the next node, the compiler tells me error: request for member ‘next’ in something not a structure or union . What am I doing wrong here? I think I might be hopelessly mixed up..?

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  • Automating Excel through the PIA makes VBA go squiffy.

    - by Jon Artus
    I have absolutely no idea how to start diagnosing this, and just wondered if anyone had any suggestions. I'm generating an Excel spreadsheet by calling some Macros from a C# application, and during the generation process it somehow breaks. I've got a VBA class containing all of my logging/error-handling logic, which I instantiate using a singleton-esque accessor, shown here: Private mcAppFramework As csys_ApplicationFramework Public Function AppFramework() As csys_ApplicationFramework If mcAppFramework Is Nothing Then Set mcAppFramework = New csys_ApplicationFramework Call mcAppFramework.bInitialise End If Set AppFramework = mcAppFramework End Function The above code works fine before I've generated the spreadsheet, but afterwards fails. The problem seems to be the following line; Set mcAppFramework = New csys_ApplicationFramework which I've never seen fail before. If I add a watch to the variable being assigned here, the type shows as csys_ApplicationFramework/wksFoo, where wksFoo is a random worksheet in the same workbook. What seems to be happening is that while the variable is of the right type, rather than filling that slot with a new instance of my framework class, it's making it point to an existing worksheet instead, the equivalent of Set mcAppFramework = wksFoo which is a compiler error, as one might expect. Even more bizarrely, if I put a breakpoint on the offending line, edit the line, and then resume execution, it works. For example, I delete the word 'New' move off the line, move back, re-type 'New' and resume execution. This somehow 'fixes' the workbook and it works happily ever after, with the type of the variable in my watch window showing as csys_ApplicationFramework/csys_ApplicationFramework as I'd expect. This implies that manipulating the workbook through the PIA is somehow breaking it temporarily. All I'm doing in the PIA is opening the workbook, calling several macros using Excel.Application.Run(), and saving it again. I can post a few more details if anyone thinks that it's relevant. I don't know how VBA creates objects behind the scenes or how to debug this. I also don't know how the way the code executes can change without the code itself changing. As previously mentioned, VBA has frankly gone a bit squiffy on me... Any thoughts?

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  • How to find unmapped properties in a NHibernate mapped class?

    - by haarrrgh
    I just had a NHibernate related problem where I forgot to map one property of a class. A very simplified example: public class MyClass { public virtual int ID { get; set; } public virtual string SomeText { get; set; } public virtual int SomeNumber { get; set; } } ...and the mapping file: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <hibernate-mapping xmlns="urn:nhibernate-mapping-2.2" assembly="MyAssembly" namespace="MyAssembly.MyNamespace"> <class name="MyClass" table="SomeTable"> <property name="ID" /> <property name="SomeText" /> </class> </hibernate-mapping> In this simple example, you can see the problem at once: there is a property named "SomeNumber" in the class, but not in the mapping file. So NHibernate will not map it and it will always be zero. The real class had a lot more properties, so the problem was not as easy to see and it took me quite some time to figure out why SomeNumber always returned zero even though I was 100% sure that the value in the database was != zero. So, here is my question: Is there some simple way to find this out via NHibernate? Like a compiler warning when a class is mapped, but some of its properties are not. Or some query that I can run that shows me unmapped properties in mapped classes...you get the idea. (Plus, it would be nice if I could exclude some legacy columns that I really don't want mapped.)

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  • C++: Weird Segmentation fault.

    - by Kleas
    I am trying to print something using C++. However, I am running into a strange bug that has left me clueless, I use the following code: PRINTDLG pd; ZeroMemory(&pd, sizeof(pd)); pd.lStructSize = sizeof(pd); pd.Flags = PD_RETURNDEFAULT; PrintDlg(&pd); // Set landscape DEVMODE* pDevMode = (DEVMODE*)GlobalLock(pd.hDevMode); pDevMode->dmOrientation = DMORIENT_LANDSCAPE; pd.hwndOwner = mainWindow; pd.Flags = PD_RETURNDC | PD_NOSELECTION; GlobalUnlock(pd.hDevMode); if (PrintDlg(&pd)) { DOCINFO di; di.cbSize = sizeof(DOCINFO); di.lpszDocName = "Test Print"; di.lpszOutput = (LPTSTR)NULL; di.fwType = 0; //start printing StartDoc(pd.hDC, &di); int a; int b; int c; int d; int e; int f; // int g; // Uncomment this -> CRASH EndDoc(pd.hDC); DeleteDC(pd.hDC); } else { cout << "Did not print: " << CommDlgExtendedError() << endl; } The moment I uncomment 'int g;' I get a: "Program received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault." I use codeblocks and the mingw compiler, both up to date. What could be causing this?

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  • Javascript int variable from ASP.NET MVC Model data?

    - by Anders Svensson
    I need to get model data into a javascript variable and use it as an int to compare values. But I can only figure out how to get the model data as strings, otherwise the compiler complains. So how can I get the max and taskBudgetHours as int variables in the Javascript? <script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function () { $("#taskForm").submit(function (e) { var taskBudgetHours = $('#BudgetHours').val(); var max = '<%: Model.Project.RemainingBudgetHours %>'; var test = 'test'; alert(taskBudgetHours); alert(max); if (taskBudgetHours <= max) { //This doesn't work, seems to treat it as strings... return true; } else { //Prevent the submit event and remain on the screen e.preventDefault(); alert('There are only ' + max + ' hours left of the project hours.'); return false; } }); return; }); </script>

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  • Holding variables in memory, C++

    - by b-gen-jack-o-neill
    Today something strange came to my mind. When I want to hold some string in C (C++) the old way, without using string header, I just create array and store that string into it. But, I read that any variable definition in C in local scope of function ends up in pushing these values onto the stack. So, the string is actually 2* bigger than needed. Because first, the push instructions are located in memory, but then when they are executed (pushed onto the stack) another "copy" of the string is created. First the push instructions, than the stack space is used for one string. So, why is it this way? Why doesn't compiler just add the string (or other variables) to the program instead of creating them once again when executed? Yes, I know you cannot just have some data inside program block, but it could just be attached to the end of the program, with some jump instruction before. And than, we would just point to these data? Because they are stored in RAM when the program is executed. Thanks.

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  • Android - Resuming application state - SL4A

    - by toyotajon93
    please dont harpoon me for a noob-ish question. I am working on an android application using SL4A, when my application starts it runs in the background while the script is being executed. I'm not sure where to start but each time I click my icon, it re-starts my application. I have tried using different launchmodes with nothing different happening. I'm thinking it has to do with the OnCreate code, and the setting of the notification. I need help saving my application state and then resuming on either re-click of icon or click from notification bar. I've tried everything had to turn here for help. I am not a pro at android programming by any means. Thanks guys, be gentle ;) Public void onCreate() { super.onCreate(); mInterpreterConfiguration = ((BaseApplication) getApplication()) .getInterpreterConfiguration(); } @Override public void onStart(Intent intent, final int startId) { super.onStart(intent, startId); String fileName = Script.getFileName(this); Interpreter interpreter = mInterpreterConfiguration .getInterpreterForScript(fileName); if (interpreter == null || !interpreter.isInstalled()) { mLatch.countDown(); if (FeaturedInterpreters.isSupported(fileName)) { Intent i = new Intent(this, DialogActivity.class); i.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK); i.putExtra(Constants.EXTRA_SCRIPT_PATH, fileName); startActivity(i); } else { Log .e(this, "Cannot find an interpreter for script " + fileName); } stopSelf(startId); return; } // Copies script to internal memory. fileName = InterpreterUtils.getInterpreterRoot(this).getAbsolutePath() + "/" + fileName; File script = new File(fileName); // TODO(raaar): Check size here! if (!script.exists()) { script = FileUtils.copyFromStream(fileName, getResources() .openRawResource(Script.ID)); } copyResourcesToLocal(); // Copy all resources if (Script.getFileExtension(this) .equals(HtmlInterpreter.HTML_EXTENSION)) { HtmlActivityTask htmlTask = ScriptLauncher.launchHtmlScript(script, this, intent, mInterpreterConfiguration); mFacadeManager = htmlTask.getRpcReceiverManager(); mLatch.countDown(); stopSelf(startId); } else { mProxy = new AndroidProxy(this, null, true); mProxy.startLocal(); mLatch.countDown(); ScriptLauncher.launchScript(script, mInterpreterConfiguration, mProxy, new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { mProxy.shutdown(); stopSelf(startId); } }); } } RpcReceiverManager getRpcReceiverManager() throws InterruptedException { mLatch.await(); if (mFacadeManager==null) { // Facade manage may not be available on startup. mFacadeManager = mProxy.getRpcReceiverManagerFactory() .getRpcReceiverManagers().get(0); } return mFacadeManager; } @Override protected Notification createNotification() { Notification notification = new Notification(R.drawable.script_logo_48, this.getString(R.string.loading), System.currentTimeMillis()); // This contentIntent is a noop. PendingIntent contentIntent = PendingIntent.getService(this, 0, new Intent(), 0); notification.setLatestEventInfo(this, this.getString(R.string.app_name), this.getString(R.string.loading), contentIntent); notification.flags = Notification.FLAG_ONGOING_EVENT; return notification; }

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  • Porting Perl to C++ `print "\x{2501}" x 12;`

    - by jippie
    I am porting a program from Perl to C++ as a learning objective. I arrived at a routine that draws a table with commands like the following: Perl: print "\x{2501}" x 12; And it draws 12 times a '?' ("box drawings heavy horizontal"). Now I figured out part of the problem already: Perl: \x{}, \x00 Hexadecimal escape sequence; C++: \unnnn To print a single Unicode character: C++: printf( "\u250f\n" ); But does C++ have a smart equivalent for the 'x' operator or would it come down to a for loop? UPDATE Let me include the full source code I am trying to compile with the proposed solution. The compiler does throw an errors: g++ -Wall -Werror project.cpp -o project project.cpp: In function ‘int main(int, char**)’: project.cpp:38:3: error: ‘string’ is not a member of ‘std’ project.cpp:38:15: error: expected ‘;’ before ‘s’ project.cpp:39:3: error: ‘cout’ is not a member of ‘std’ project.cpp:39:16: error: ‘s’ was not declared in this scope #include <stdlib.h> #include <stdint.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> int main ( int argc, char *argv[] ) { if ( argc != 2 ) { fprintf( stderr , "usage: %s matrix\n", argv[0] ); exit( 2 ); } else { //std::string s(12, "\u250f" ); std::string s(12, "u" ); std::cout << s; } }

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  • Build system for multi-language project

    - by Epcylon
    I am getting ready to embark on a project mainly for experimenting with languages, but also with a hint of usefulness. It will consist of a server-application, written in Erlang, and client-libraries in a number of languages. Initially I will want to write clients in Java, Ruby and Python. The actual protocol for communication will be Thrift. I'm looking for a build system that will allow me to build the server and all the client libraries in one go, running unit-tests in each language, then packaging up a releasable artifact of some sort in whatever way is the "standard" for each language. That means a Jar for Java, a RubyGem and a distribute/setuptools tarball for Python. Erlang probably has something too, but I'm not yet familiar with that. It should also be able to run the Thrift compiler to generate the various Thrift-stubs in each language. On the pad at the start is Maven. I'm fairly certain Maven can do all I need, but I fear it's too Java-centric, and leaves me with a ton of work for every new language I need to add.

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  • C++ Type error with Object versus Object reference

    - by muddybruin
    I have the following function (which worked in Visual Studio): bool Plane::contains(Vector& point){ return normalVector.dotProduct(point - position) < -doubleResolution; } When I compile it using g++ version 4.1.2 , I get the following error: Plane.cpp: In member function âvirtual bool Plane::contains(Vector&)â: Plane.cpp:36: error: no matching function for call to âVector::dotProduct(Vector)â Vector.h:19: note: candidates are: double Vector::dotProduct(Vector&) So as you can see, the compiler thinks (point-position) is a Vector but it's expecting Vector&. What's the best way to fix this? I verified that this works: Vector temp = point-position; return normalVector.dotProduct(temp) < -doubleResolution; But I was hoping for something a little bit cleaner. I heard a suggestion that adding a copy constructor might help. So I added a copy constructor to Vector (see below), but it didn't help. Vector.h: Vector(const Vector& other); Vector.cpp: Vector::Vector(const Vector& other) :x(other.x), y(other.y), z(other.z), homogenous(other.homogenous) { }

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  • How to negate a predicate function using operator ! in C++?

    - by Chan
    Hi, I want to erase all the elements that do not satisfy a criterion. For example: delete all the characters in a string that are not digit. My solution using boost::is_digit worked well. struct my_is_digit { bool operator()( char c ) const { return c >= '0' && c <= '9'; } }; int main() { string s( "1a2b3c4d" ); s.erase( remove_if( s.begin(), s.end(), !boost::is_digit() ), s.end() ); s.erase( remove_if( s.begin(), s.end(), !my_is_digit() ), s.end() ); cout << s << endl; return 0; } Then I tried my own version, the compiler complained :( error C2675: unary '!' : 'my_is_digit' does not define this operator or a conversion to a type acceptable to the predefined operator I could use not1() adapter, however I still think the operator ! is more meaningful in my current context. How could I implement such a ! like boost::is_digit() ? Any idea? Thanks, Chan Nguyen

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  • Any workarounds for non-static member array initialization?

    - by TomiJ
    In C++, it's not possible to initialize array members in the initialization list, thus member objects should have default constructors and they should be properly initialized in the constructor. Is there any (reasonable) workaround for this apart from not using arrays? [Anything that can be initialized using only the initialization list is in our application far preferable to using the constructor, as that data can be allocated and initialized by the compiler and linker, and every CPU clock cycle counts, even before main. However, it is not always possible to have a default constructor for every class, and besides, reinitializing the data again in the constructor rather defeats the purpose anyway.] E.g. I'd like to have something like this (but this one doesn't work): class OtherClass { private: int data; public: OtherClass(int i) : data(i) {}; // No default constructor! }; class Foo { private: OtherClass inst[3]; // Array size fixed and known ahead of time. public: Foo(...) : inst[0](0), inst[1](1), inst[2](2) {}; }; The only workaround I'm aware of is the non-array one: class Foo { private: OtherClass inst0; OtherClass inst1; OtherClass inst2; OtherClass *inst[3]; public: Foo(...) : inst0(0), inst1(1), inst2(2) { inst[0]=&inst0; inst[1]=&inst1; inst[2]=&inst2; }; }; Edit: It should be stressed that OtherClass has no default constructor, and that it is very desirable to have the linker be able to allocate any memory needed (one or more static instances of Foo will be created), using the heap is essentially verboten. I've updated the examples above to highlight the first point.

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  • Function returning pointer to struct

    - by GammaGuy
    I am having some issues with code that is returning a pointer to a struct declared inside a class. Here is my code so far: SortedList.h #ifndef SORTEDLIST_H #define SORTEDLIST_H class SortedList{ public: SortedList(); ... private: struct Listnode { Student *student; Listnode *next; }; static Listnode *copyList (Listnode *L); }; #endif SortedList.cpp #include "SortedList.h" ... // Here is where the problem lies Listnode SortedList::*copyList(Listnode *L) { return 0; // for NULL } Apparently, the copy list method wont compile. I am using Microsoft Visual Studio and the compiler tells me that "Listnode" is unidentified. When I try to compile, here is whhat I get: 1>------ Build started: Project: Program3, Configuration: Debug Win32 ------ 1> SortedList.cpp 1>c:\users\owner\documents\college\fall 2012\cs 368 - learn c++\program3\program3\sortedlist.cpp(159): error C2657: 'SortedList::*' found at the start of a statement (did you forget to specify a type?) 1>c:\users\owner\documents\college\fall 2012\cs 368 - learn c++\program3\program3\sortedlist.cpp(159): error C4430: missing type specifier - int assumed. Note: C++ does not support default-int 1>c:\users\owner\documents\college\fall 2012\cs 368 - learn c++\program3\program3\sortedlist.cpp(159): error C2065: 'L' : undeclared identifier 1>c:\users\owner\documents\college\fall 2012\cs 368 - learn c++\program3\program3\sortedlist.cpp(159): error C4430: missing type specifier - int assumed. Note: C++ does not support default-int 1>c:\users\owner\documents\college\fall 2012\cs 368 - learn c++\program3\program3\sortedlist.cpp(159): fatal error C1903: unable to recover from previous error(s); stopping compilation ========== Build: 0 succeeded, 1 failed, 0 up-to-date, 0 skipped ========== Help would be greatly appreciated...ASAP

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  • How can I compare the performance of log() and fp division in C++?

    - by Ventzi Zhechev
    Hi, I’m using a log-based class in C++ to store very small floating-point values (as the values otherwise go beyond the scope of double). As I’m performing a large number of multiplications, this has the added benefit of converting the multiplications to sums. However, at a certain point in my algorithm, I need to divide a standard double value by an integer value and than do a *= to a log-based value. I have overloaded the *= operator for my log-based class and the right-hand side value is first converted to a log-based value by running log() and than added to the left-hand side value. Thus the operations actually performed are floating-point division, log() and floating-point summation. My question whether it would be faster to first convert the denominator to a log-based value, which would replace the floating-point division with floating-point subtraction, yielding the following chain of operations: twice log(), floating-point subtraction, floating-point summation. In the end, this boils down to whether floating-point division is faster or slower than log(). I suspect that a common answer would be that this is compiler and architecture dependent, so I’ll say that I use gcc 4.2 from Apple on darwin 10.3.0. Still, I hope to get an answer with a general remark on the speed of these two operators and/or an idea on how to measure the difference myself, as there might be more going on here, e.g. executing the constructors that do the type conversion etc. Cheers!

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