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  • Translate parse_git_branch function to zsh from bash (for prompt)

    - by yar
    I am using this function in Bash function parse_git_branch { git_status="$(git status 2> /dev/null)" pattern="^# On branch ([^${IFS}]*)" if [[ ! ${git_status}} =~ "working directory clean" ]]; then state="*" fi # add an else if or two here if you want to get more specific if [[ ${git_status} =~ ${pattern} ]]; then branch=${BASH_REMATCH[1]} echo "(${branch}${state})" fi } but I'm determined to use zsh. While I can use this perfectly as a shell script (even without a shebang) in my .zshrc the error is a parse error on this line if [[ ! ${git_status}}... What do I need to do to get it ready for zshell? Edit: The "actual error" I'm getting is " parse error near } and it refers to the line with the strange double }}, which works on Bash. Edit: Here's the final code, just for fun: parse_git_branch() { git_status="$(git status 2> /dev/null)" pattern="^# On branch ([^[:space:]]*)" if [[ ! ${git_status} =~ "working directory clean" ]]; then state="*" fi if [[ ${git_status} =~ ${pattern} ]]; then branch=${match[1]} echo "(${branch}${state})" fi } setopt PROMPT_SUBST PROMPT='$PR_GREEN%n@$PR_GREEN%m%u$PR_NO_COLOR:$PR_BLUE%2c$PR_NO_COLOR%(!.#.$)' RPROMPT='$PR_GREEN$(parse_git_branch)$PR_NO_COLOR' Thanks to everybody for your patience and help. Edit: The best answer has schooled us all: git status is porcelain (UI). Good scripting goes against GIT plumbing. Here's the final function: parse_git_branch() { in_wd="$(git rev-parse --is-inside-work-tree 2>/dev/null)" || return test "$in_wd" = true || return state='' git diff-index HEAD --quiet 2>/dev/null || state='*' branch="$(git symbolic-ref HEAD 2>/dev/null)" test -z "$branch" && branch='<detached-HEAD>' echo "(${branch#refs/heads/}${state})" } PROMPT='$PR_GREEN%n@$PR_GREEN%m%u$PR_NO_COLOR:$PR_BLUE%2c$PR_NO_COLOR%(!.#.$)' RPROMPT='$PR_GREEN$(parse_git_branch)$PR_NO_COLOR' Note that only the prompt is zsh-specific. In Bash it would be your prompt plus "\$(parse_git_branch)". This might be slower (more calls to GIT, but that's an empirical question) but it won't be broken by changes in GIT (they don't change the plumbing). And that is very important for a good script moving forward. Days Later: Ugh, it turns out that diff-index HEAD is NOT the same as checking status against working directory clean. So will this mean another plumbing call? I surely don't have time/expertise to write my own porcelain....

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  • Pure sine wave inverter

    - by Nick
    Not exactly programming (sorry) but I think it's pretty close and can be of interest to other programmers. I'm trying to setup a battery power station so that I can work from anywhere. I go surfing a lot and my idea is to be able to work from wherever I can park my car (given there's coverage). So, I'm getting a deep cycle battery, a 240V charger (I'm in Australia), and an inverter. At the back of my laptop it says 19V and 4.62A. From the people I've spoken to that means it consumes about 90W at most. So my inverter needs to be able to output about 100W. Most of them seem to be 200W and up so this shouldn't be a problem. I want to be able run my laptop for 10 hours (plus the 2 hours I get from the laptop battery) straight. According to the people I've spoken to and from what I gather online I need a battery that has the amp hours for my "amp draw". I have no idea how to calculate this but I've been guesstimating. Most deep cycle batteries seem to be classified using amp hours (Ah)... 35Ah, 50Ah, 75Ah, 100Ah, and so on. However the amp hours on those batteries is for a 240V and I seem to be using 19V. According to an expert I spoke to you'd need a 100Ah battery to power a 5A appliance at 240V for 10 hours (you only get about 50% useful power). That to me is 5A * 240V = 100Ah battery. So, naive as I might be I take 240V and divide that by my 19V and reach the conclusion that I can get away with a battery that's about 12 times smaller than that 100Ah. The expert told me I needed a 50Ah battery so that's probably what I'll be getting, but it would be interesting to know what I theoretically would need to power my laptop for 10 hours. As for charging the battery the expert I spoke to said I needed a 3-5A charger to be able to charge that 50Ah battery from flat to full in about 10 hours (I will just leave it plugged in over night). Now to my question. The expert said it's not a matter of "if" more like a guaranteed "when" my computer will stuff up if I don't use a "pure sine wave inverter". From what I gather the power that comes out of that battery is not as clean as the power we get in the socket at home. Apparently it's "square" and the one in the socket is nice and smooth. I've already got an inverter, but it's not "pure". Do I really need to buy the $200-300 pure sine wave inverter or can I get away with something else? Perhaps the laptop adapter that sits in the middle of my laptop power cable already fixes that wave to be nice and smooth? Thanks!

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  • Multiple column subselect in mysql 5 (5.1.42)

    - by rubber boots
    This one seems to be a simple problem, but I can't make it work in a single select or nested select. Retrieve the authors and (if any) advisers of a paper (article) into one row. I order to explain the problem, here are the two data tables (pseudo) papers (id, title, c_year) persons (id, firstname, lastname) plus a link table w/one extra attribute (pseudo): paper_person_roles( paper_id person_id act_role ENUM ('AUTHOR', 'ADVISER') ) This is basically a list of written papers (table: papers) and a list of staff and/or students (table: persons) An article my have (1,N) authors. An article may have (0,N) advisers. A person can be in 'AUTHOR' or 'ADVISER' role (but not at the same time). The application eventually puts out table rows containing the following entries: TH: || Paper_ID | Author(s) | Title | Adviser(s) | TD: || 21334 |John Doe, Jeff Tucker|Why the moon looks yellow|Brown, Rayleigh| ... My first approach was like: select/extract a full list of articles into the application, eg.SELECT q.id, q.title FROM papers AS q ORDER BY q.c_year and save the results of the query into an array (in the application). After this step, loop over the array of the returned information and retrieve authors and advisers (if any), via prepared statement (? is the paper's id) from the link table like:APPLICATION_LOOP(paper_ids in array) SELECT p.lastname, p.firstname, r.act_role FROM persons AS p, paper_person_roles AS r WHERE p.id=r.person_id AND r.paper_id = ? # The application does further processing from here (pseudo): foreach record from resulting records if record.act_role eq 'AUTHOR' then join to author_column if record.act_role eq 'ADVISER' then join to avdiser_column end print id, author_column, title, adviser_column APPLICATION_LOOP This works so far and gives the desired output. Would it make sense to put the computation back into the DB? I'm not very proficient in nontrivial SQL and can't find a solution with a single (combined or nested) select call. I tried sth. like SELECT q.title (CONCAT_WS(' ', (SELECT p.firstname, p.lastname AS aunames FROM persons AS p, paper_person_roles AS r WHERE q.id=r.paper_id AND r.act_role='AUTHOR') ) ) AS aulist FROM papers AS q, persons AS p, paper_person_roles AS r in several variations, but no luck ... Maybe there is some chance? Thanks in advance r.b.

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  • SQLiteOpenHelper getWritableDatabse() fails with no Exception

    - by Michal K
    I have a very strange problem. It only shows from time to time, on several devices. Can't seem to reproduce it when I want, but had it so many times, that I think I know where I get it. So I have a Loader which connects to sqlite through a singleton SQLiteOpenHelper: try{ Log.i(TAG, "Get details offline / db helper: "+DatabaseHelper.getInstance(getContext())); SQLiteDatabase db=DatabaseHelper.getInstance(this.getContext()).getWritableDatabase(); Log.i(TAG, "Get details offline / db: "+db); //doing some work on the db //... } catch(SQLiteException e){ e.printStackTrace(); return null; } catch(Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); return null; //trying everything to grab some exception or whatever } My SQLIteOpenHelper looks something like this: public class DatabaseHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper { private static DatabaseHelper mInstance = null; private static Context mCxt; public static DatabaseHelper getInstance(Context cxt) { //using app context ass suggested by CommonsWare Log.i("DBHELPER1", "cxt"+mCxt+" / instance: "+mInstance); if (mInstance == null) { mInstance = new DatabaseHelper(cxt.getApplicationContext()); } Log.i("DBHELPER2", "cxt"+mCxt+" / instance: "+mInstance); mCxt = cxt; return mInstance; } //private constructor private DatabaseHelper(Context context) { super(context, DATABASE_NAME, null, DATABASE_VERSION); this.mCxt = context; } @Override public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) { //some tables created here } @Override public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) { //upgrade code here } It really works great in most cases. But from time to time I get a log similar to this: 06-10 23:49:59.621: I/DBHELPER1(26499): cxtcom.bananout.Bananout@407152c8 / instance: com.bananout.helpers.DatabaseHelper@40827560 06-10 23:49:59.631: I/DBHELPER2(26499): cxtcom.bananout.Bananout@407152c8 / instance: com.bananout.helpers.DatabaseHelper@40827560 06-10 23:49:59.631: I/DetailsLoader(26499): Get event details offline / db helper: com.bananout.helpers.DatabaseHelper@40827560 06-10 23:49:59.631: I/DBHELPER1(26499): cxtcom.bananout.Bananout@407152c8 / instance: com.bananout.helpers.DatabaseHelper@40827560 06-10 23:49:59.651: I/DBHELPER2(26499): cxtcom.bananout.Bananout@407152c8 / instance: com.bananout.helpers.DatabaseHelper@40827560 This line Log.i(TAG, "Get details offline / db: "+db); never gets called! No Exceptions, silence. Plus, the thread with the Loader is not running anymore. So nothing past this line SQLiteDatabase db=DatabaseHelper.getInstance(this.getContext()).getWritableDatabase(); gets executed. What can possibly go wrong on this line?

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  • What libraries provide cross-platform 3D and P2P support?

    - by uckelman
    I'm trying to find a constellation of libraries which, taken together, meet the following requirements: Smooth scaling, rotation, panning (in two dimensions). I'll have a large bitmap (or SVG, in some cases), maybe up to 10000x10000 pixels, which serves as map, with some middling number of small bitmaps (or, again, possibly SVG) that can be dragged around over it. I need to be able to zoom, rotate, and pan this scene; however, the view will always be normal to (i.e., looking head-on at) the large bitmap, so I'm not really using the depth dimension. Peer-to-peer. I'd like for multiple users to be able to connect in order to share one of the scenes mentioned above, preferably peer-to-peer, without much configuration by the user. I'm intending to have a server running for cases where users are unable to connect P2P; I'd like to have the failover happen automatically, or possibly have some way of promoting clients who are capable to be servers themselves. Synchronization. Once a user has started dragging one of the small bitmaps (a piece), no other user should be able to drag that piece until the drag stops. I haven't thought of exactly how to do this---there might be a simple solution, or this kind of synchronization might be something that a library provides. Cross(ish)-platform. I need to be able to run on Linux, Windows, and Mac OS. It would be nice to also be able to run on tablets. Having mostly the same code for all platforms is a plus, but not absolutely necessary. (L)GPL compatible. I'm planning to release under the LGPL or GPL, preferably the latter, so I need libraries which have compatible licenses. I'm not set on any particular language, I'd like to use the library or libraries which make the work easiest, though my preference is to work in at most two languages for the project. (The Model could potentially be in one language and the View in another, so they could talk to each other via some protocol I define, if that would get me a better selection of libraries to use.) Can anyone offer suggestions for what to use?

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  • Techniques for querying a set of object in-memory in a Java application

    - by Edd Grant
    Hi All, We have a system which performs a 'coarse search' by invoking an interface on another system which returns a set of Java objects. Once we have received the search results I need to be able to further filter the resulting Java objects based on certain criteria describing the state of the attributes (e.g. from the initial objects return all objects where x.y z && a.b == c). The criteria used to filter the set of objects each time is partially user configurable, by this I mean that users will be able to select the values and ranges to match on but the attributes they can pick from will be a fixed set. The data sets are likely to contain <= 10,000 objects for each search. The search will be executed manually by the application user base probably no more than 2000 times a day (approx). It's probably worth mentioning that all the objects in the result set are known domain object classes which have Hibernate and JPA annotations describing their structure and relationship. Off the top of my head I can think of 3 ways of doing this: For each search persist the initial result set objects in our database, then use Hibernate to re-query them using the finer grained criteria. Use an in-memory Database (such as hsqldb?) to query and refine the initial result set. Write some custom code which iterates the initial result set and pulls out the desired records. Option 1 seems to involve a lot of toing and froing across a network to a physical Database (Oracle 10g) which might result in a lot of network and disk activity. It would also require the results from each search to be isolated from other result sets to ensure that different searches don't interfere with each other. Option 2 seems like a good idea in principle as it would allow me to do the finer query in memory and would not require the persistence of result data which would only be discarded after the search was complete. Gut feeling is that this could be pretty performant too but might result in larger memory overheads (which is fine as we can be pretty flexible on the amount of memory our JVM gets). Option 3 could be very performant but is something I would like to avoid as any code we write would require such careful testing that the time taken to acheive something flexible and robust enough would probably be prohibitive. I don't have time to prototype all 3 ideas so I am looking for comments people may have on the 3 options above, plus any further ideas I have not considered, to help me decide which idea might be most suitable. I'm currently leaning toward option 2 (in memory database) so would be keen to hear from people with experience of querying POJOs in memory too. Hopefully I have described the situation in enough detail but don't hesitate to ask if any further information is required to better understand the scenario. Cheers, Edd

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  • c++ std::ostringstream vs std::string::append

    - by NickSoft
    In all examples that use some kind of buffering I see they use stream instead of string. How is std::ostringstream and << operator different than using string.append. Which one is faster and which one uses less resourses (memory). One difference I know is that you can output different types into output stream (like integer) rather than the limited types that string::append accepts. Here is an example: std::ostringstream os; os << "Content-Type: " << contentType << ";charset=" << charset << "\r\n"; std::string header = os.str(); vs std::string header("Content-Type: "); header.append(contentType); header.append(";charset="); header.append(charset); header.append("\r\n"); Obviously using stream is shorter, but I think append returns reference to the string so it can be written like this: std::string header("Content-Type: "); header.append(contentType) .append(";charset=") .append(charset) .append("\r\n"); And with output stream you can do: std::string content; ... os << "Content-Length: " << content.length() << "\r\n"; But what about memory usage and speed? Especially when used in a big loop. Update: To be more clear the question is: Which one should I use and why? Is there situations when one is preferred or the other? For performance and memory ... well I think benchmark is the only way since every implementation could be different. Update 2: Well I don't get clear idea what should I use from the answers which means that any of them will do the job, plus vector. Cubbi did nice benchmark with the addition of Dietmar Kühl that the biggest difference is construction of those objects. If you are looking for an answer you should check that too. I'll wait a bit more for other answers (look previous update) and if I don't get one I think I'll accept Tolga's answer because his suggestion to use vector is already done before which means vector should be less resource hungry.

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  • 'Scanner' does not name a type error in g++

    - by Max
    Hi. I'm trying to compile code in g++ and I get the following errors: In file included from scanner.hpp:8, from scanner.cpp:5: parser.hpp:14: error: ‘Scanner’ does not name a type parser.hpp:15: error: ‘Token’ does not name a type Here's my g++ command: g++ parser.cpp scanner.cpp -Wall Here's parser.hpp: #ifndef PARSER_HPP #define PARSER_HPP #include <string> #include <map> #include "scanner.hpp" using std::string; class Parser { // Member Variables private: Scanner lex; // Lexical analyzer Token look; // tracks the current lookahead token // Member Functions <some function declarations> }; #endif and here's scanner.hpp: #ifndef SCANNER_HPP #define SCANNER_HPP #include <iostream> #include <cctype> #include <string> #include <map> #include "parser.hpp" using std::string; using std::map; enum { // reserved words BOOL, ELSE, IF, TRUE, WHILE, DO, FALSE, INT, VOID, // punctuation and operators LPAREN, RPAREN, LBRACK, RBRACK, LBRACE, RBRACE, SEMI, COMMA, PLUS, MINUS, TIMES, DIV, MOD, AND, OR, NOT, IS, ADDR, EQ, NE, LT, GT, LE, GE, // symbolic constants NUM, ID, ENDFILE, ERROR }; class Token { public: int tag; int value; string lexeme; Token() {tag = 0;} Token(int t) {tag = t;} }; class Num : public Token { public: Num(int v) {tag = NUM; value = v;} }; class Word : public Token { public: Word() {tag = 0; lexeme = "default";} Word(int t, string l) {tag = t; lexeme = l;} }; class Scanner { private: int line; // which line the compiler is currently on int depth; // how deep in the parse tree the compiler is map<string,Word> words; // list of reserved words and used identifiers // Member Functions public: Scanner(); Token scan(); string printTag(int); friend class Parser; }; #endif anyone see the problem? I feel like I'm missing something incredibly obvious.

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  • Showing div based on filled form field

    - by Fabio
    I have this script where I use a slider to show some elements of a form. So far so good. The way I'm doing it is by having a slider (can't use a multistep form since it uses a plugin not allowing multistep forms, plus some graphic behaviors) and a button that goes to the next slider. So now I need that button (not part of the form) to show only if a certain field is filled. I tried teh following, but it's not working, I assume some error but can't figure what. My code is as follows: $('#clientname').change(function() { var clientVal = $("input").val() == ''; $(".next").hide(); if ($('#clientname').val() != '').show(); else $('.next').hide(); }); and the html as follows: <div class="b40-right"> <h3>The Basics</h3> <div class="label"> Your Name (required)</div> <div class="inputes"> <span class="wpcf7-form-control-wrap your-name"><input id="clientname" type="text" name="your-name" value="" class="wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-text wpcf7-validates-as-required" size="40" /></span> </div> <div class="label">Your Email (required)</div> <div class="inputes"> <span class="wpcf7-form-control-wrap your-email"><input type="text" name="your-email" value="" class="wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-text wpcf7-email wpcf7-validates-as-required wpcf7-validates-as-email" size="40" /></span> </div> <div class="label">Type of Business</div> <div class="inputes"> <span class="wpcf7-form-control-wrap type-of-business"><textarea name="type-of-business" class="wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-textarea" cols="40" rows="10"></textarea></span> </div> </div> <a class="next" href="javascript:stepcarousel.stepBy('mygallery2', 1)"><img id="nextbut1" src="<?php bloginfo('template_directory'); ?>/images/next.png" alt="" /></a> any help on what am I doing wrong? Is there a better approach/solution? (I'm not a programmer as you may figure) Thank you in advance!

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  • Illegal Start of Expression

    - by Kraivyne
    Hello there, I have just started to learn the very basics of Java programming. Using a book entitled "Programming Video Games for the Evil Genius". I have had an Illegal Start of Expression error that I can't for the life of me get rid of. I have checked the sample code from the book and mine is identical. The error is coming from the for(int i = difficulty; i = 0; i- - ) line. Thanks for helping a newbie out. import javax.swing.*; public class S1P4 {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { int difficulty; difficulty = Integer.parseInt(JOptionPane.showInputDialog("How good are you?\n"+ "1 = Great\n"+"10 = Terrible")); boolean cont = false; do { cont = false; double num1 = (int)(Math.round(Math.random()*10)); double num2; do { num2 = (int)(Math.round(Math.random()*10)); } while(num2==0.0); int sign = (int)(Math.round(Math.random()*3)); double answer; System.out.println("\n\n*****"); if(sign==0) { System.out.println(num1+" times "+num2); answer = num1*num2; } else if(sign==1) { System.out.println(num1+" divided by"+num2); answer = num1/num2; } else if(sign==1) { System.out.println(num1+" plus "+num2); answer = num1+num2; } else if(sign==1) { System.out.println(num1+" minus "+num2); answer = num1-num2; } else { System.out.println(num1+" % "+num2); answer = num1%num2; } System.out.println("*****\n"); for(int i = difficulty; i >= 0; i- - ) { System.out.println(i+"..."); Thread.sleep(500); } System.out.println("ANSWER: "+answer); String again; again = JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Play again?"); if(again.equals("yes")) cont = true; } while(cont); } }

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  • Template class + virtual function = must implement?

    - by sold
    This code: template <typename T> struct A { T t; void DoSomething() { t.SomeFunction(); } }; struct B { }; A<B> a; is easily compiled without any complaints, as long as I never call a.DoSomething(). However, if I define DoSomething as a virtual function, I will get a compile error saying that B doesn't declare SomeFunction. I can somewhat see why it happens (DoSomething should now have an entry in the vtable), but I can't help feeling that it's not really obligated. Plus it sucks. Is there any way to overcome this? EDIT 2: Okay. I hope this time it makes sence: Let's say I am doing intrusive ref count, so all entities must inherit from base class Object. How can I suuport primitive types too? I can define: template <typename T> class Primitive : public Object { T value; public: Primitive(const T &value=T()); operator T() const; Primitive<T> &operator =(const T &value); Primitive<T> &operator +=(const T &value); Primitive<T> &operator %=(const T &value); // And so on... }; so I can use Primitive<int>, Primitive<char>... But how about Primitive<float>? It seems like a problem, because floats don't have a %= operator. But actually, it isn't, since I'll never call operator %= on Primitive<float>. That's one of the deliberate features of templates. If, for some reason, I would define operator %= as virtual. Or, if i'll pre-export Primitive<float> from a dll to avoid link errors, the compiler will complain even if I never call operator %= on a Primitive<float>. If it would just have fill in a dummy value for operator %= in Primitive<float>'s vtable (that raises an exception?), everything would have been fine.

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  • Problem persisting inheritance tree

    - by alaiseca
    I have a problem trying to map an inheritance tree. A simplified version of my model is like this: @MappedSuperclass @Embeddable public class BaseEmbedded implements Serializable { @Column(name="BE_FIELD") private String beField; // Getters and setters follow } @MappedSuperclass @Embeddable public class DerivedEmbedded extends BaseEmbedded { @Column(name="DE_FIELD") private String deField; // Getters and setters follow } @MappedSuperclass public abstract class BaseClass implements Serializable { @Embedded protected BaseEmbedded embedded; public BaseClass() { this.embedded = new BaseEmbedded(); } // Getters and setters follow } @Entity @Table(name="MYTABLE") @Inheritance(strategy=InheritanceType.SINGLE_TABLE) @DiscriminatorColumn(name="TYPE", discriminatorType=DiscriminatorType.STRING) public class DerivedClass extends BaseClass { @Id @Column(name="ID", nullable=false) private Long id; @Column(name="TYPE", nullable=false, insertable=false, updatable=false) private String type; public DerivedClass() { this.embedded = new DerivedClass(); } // Getters and setters follow } @Entity @DiscriminatorValue("A") public class DerivedClassA extends DerivedClass { @Embeddable public static NestedClassA extends DerivedEmbedded { @Column(name="FIELD_CLASS_A") private String fieldClassA; } public DerivedClassA() { this.embedded = new NestedClassA(); } // Getters and setters follow } @Entity @DiscriminatorValue("B") public class DerivedClassB extends DerivedClass { @Embeddable public static NestedClassB extends DerivedEmbedded { @Column(name="FIELD_CLASS_B") private String fieldClassB; } public DerivedClassB() { this.embedded = new NestedClassB(); } // Getters and setters follow } At Java level, this model is working fine, and I believe is the appropriate one. My problem comes up when it's time to persist an object. At runtime, I can create an object which could be an instance of DerivedClass, DerivedClassA or DerivedClassB. As you can see, each one of the derived classes introduces a new field which only makes sense for that specific derived class. All the classes share the same physical table in the database. If I persist an object of type DerivedClass, I expect fields BE_FIELD, DE_FIELD, ID and TYPE to be persisted with their values and the remaining fields to be null. If I persist an object of type DerivedClass A, I expect those same fields plus the FIELD_CLASS_A field to be persisted with their values and field FIELD_CLASS_B to be null. Something equivalent for an object of type DerivedClassB. Since the @Embedded annotation is at the BaseClass only, Hibernate is only persisting the fields up to that level in the tree. I don't know how to tell Hibernate that I want to persist up to the appropriate level in the tree, depending on the actual type of the embedded property. I cannot have another @Embedded property in the subclasses since this would duplicate data that is already present in the superclass and would also break the Java model. I cannot declare the embedded property to be of a more specific type either, since it's only at runtime when the actual object is created and I don't have a single branch in the hierarchy. Is it possible to solve my problem? Or should I resignate myself to accept that there is no way to persist the Java model as it is? Any help will be greatly appreciated.

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  • Not seeing Sync Block in Object Layout

    - by bob-bedell
    It's my understanding the all .NET object instances begin with an 8 byte 'object header': a synch block (4 byte pointer into a SynchTableEntry table), and a type handle (4 byte pointer into the types method table). I'm not seeing this in VS 2010 RC's (CLR 4.0) debugger memory windows. Here's a simple class that will generate a 16 byte instance, less the object header. class Program { short myInt = 2; // 4 bytes long myLong = 3; // 8 bytes string myString = "aString"; // 4 byte object reference // 16 byte instance static void Main(string[] args) { new Program(); return; } } An SOS object dump tells me that the total object size is 24 bytes. That makes sense. My 16 byte instance plus an 8 byte object header. !DumpObj 0205b660 Name: Offset_Test.Program MethodTable: 000d383c EEClass: 000d13f8 Size: 24(0x18) bytes File: C:\Users\Bob\Desktop\Offset_Test\Offset_Test\bin\Debug\Offset_Test.exe Fields: MT Field Offset Type VT Attr Value Name 632020fc 4000001 10 System.Int16 1 instance 2 myInt 632050d8 4000002 4 System.Int64 1 instance 3 myLong 631fd2b8 4000003 c System.String 0 instance 0205b678 myString Here's the raw memory: 0x0205B660 000d383c 00000003 00000000 0205b678 00000002 ... And here are some annotations: offset 0 000d383c ;TypeHandle (pointer to MethodTable), 4 bytes offset 4 00000003 00000000 ;myLong, 8 bytes offset 12 0205b678 ;myString, 4 byte reference to address of "myString" on GC Heap offset 16 00000002 ;myInt, 4 bytes My object begins a address 0x0205B660. But I can only account for 20 bytes of it, the type handle and the instance fields. There is no sign of a synch block pointer. The object size is reported as 24 bytes, but the debugger is showing that it only occupies 20 bytes of memory. I'm reading Drill Into .NET Framework Internals to See How the CLR Creates Runtime Objects, and expected the first 4 bytes of my object to be a zeroed synch block pointer, as shown in Figure 8 of that article. Granted, this is an article about CLR 1.1. I'm just wondering if the difference between what I'm seeing and what this early article reports is a change in either the debugger's display of object layout, or in the way the CLR lays out objects in versions later than 1.1. Anyway, can anyone account for my 4 missing bytes?

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  • Wake up thread blocked on accept() call

    - by selbie
    Sockets on Linux question I have a worker thread that is blocked on an accept() call. It simply waits for an incoming network connection, handles it, and then returns to listening for the next connection. When it is time for the program to exit, how do I signal this network worker thread (from the main thread) to return from the accept() call while still being able to gracefully exit its loop and handle it's cleanup code. Some things I tried: 1. pthread_kill to send a signal. Feels kludgy to do this, plus it doesn't reliably allow the thread to do it's shutdown logic. Also makes the program terminate as well. I'd like to avoid signals if at all possible. pthread_cancel. Same as above. It's a harsh kill on the thread. That, and the thread may be doing something else. Closing the listen socket from the main thread in order to make accept() abort. This doesn't reliably work. Some constraints: If the solution involves making the listen socket non-blocking, that is fine. But I don't want to accept a solution that involves the thread waking up via a select call every few seconds to check the exit condition. The thread condition to exit may not be tied to the process exiting. Essentially, the logic I am going for looks like this. void* WorkerThread(void* args) { DoSomeImportantInitialization(); // initialize listen socket and some thread specific stuff while (HasExitConditionBeenSet()==false) { listensize = sizeof(listenaddr); int sock = accept(listensocket, &listenaddr, &listensize); // check if exit condition has been set using thread safe semantics if (HasExitConditionBeenSet()) { break; } if (sock < 0) { printf("accept returned %d (errno==%d)\n", sock, errno); } else { HandleNewNetworkCondition(sock, &listenaddr); } } DoSomeImportantCleanup(); // close listen socket, close connections, cleanup etc.. return NULL; } void SignalHandler(int sig) { printf("Caught CTRL-C\n"); } void NotifyWorkerThreadToExit(pthread_t thread_handle) { // signal thread to exit } int main() { void* ptr_ret= NULL; pthread_t workerthread_handle = 0; pthread_create(&workerthread, NULL, WorkerThread, NULL); signal(SIGINT, SignalHandler); sleep((unsigned int)-1); // sleep until the user hits ctrl-c printf("Returned from sleep call...\n"); SetThreadExitCondition(); // sets global variable with barrier that worker thread checks on // this is the function I'm stalled on writing NotifyWorkerThreadToExit(workerthread_handle); // wait for thread to exit cleanly pthread_join(workerthread_handle, &ptr_ret); DoProcessCleanupStuff(); }

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  • JavaScript Coding for Finding Shipping Total

    - by user2913279
    I am having a very hard time with this code. I have been working on it for days and cannot seem to figure it out. Please help!! Here are the specific I need for the code: Many companies normally charge a shipping and handling charge for purchases. Create a Web page that allows a user to enter a purchase price into a text box and includes a JavaScript function that calculates shipping and handling. Add functionality to the script that adds a minimum shipping and handling charge of $1.50 for any purchase that is less than or equal to $25.00. For any orders over $25.00, add 10% to the total purchase price for shipping and handling, but do not include the $1.50 minimum shipping and handling charge. The formula for calculating a percentage is price * percent / 100. For example, the formula for calculating 10% of a $50.00 purchase price is 50 * 10 / 100, which results in a shipping and handling charge of $5.00. After you determine the total cost of the order (purchase plus shipping and handling), display it in an alert dialog box. Here is the code I have: <!DOCTYPE> <head> <title>Calculate Shipping</title> <script type="text/javascript"> function parseInt() { var salesPrice = document.salesForm.Price.value; var minCharge = salesPrice + 1.50; var shipping = salesPrice * 10/100; if (salesPrice <= 25) window.alert('Your sales total including shipping is $' + minCharge); else window.alert('Your sales total including shipping is $' + salesPrice + shipping); } </script> </head> <body> <form name="salesForm"> <div > <p>Enter Your Purchase Price</p> <input type="text" name="Price" /><br /><br /> <input type="button" name="Calculate" value="Calculate Shipping" onclick="parseInt ()" /> </div> </form> </body> </html> Everything works except for the math in the alert box. It will show an incorrect total...

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  • Improved way to build nested array of unique values in javascript

    - by dualmon
    The setup: I have a nested html table structure that displays hierarchical data, and the individual rows can be hidden or shown by the user. Each row has a dom id that is comprised of the level number plus the primary key for the record type on that level. I have to have both, because each level is from a different database table, so the primary key alone is not unique in the dom. example: id="level-1-row-216" I am storing the levels and rows of the visible elements in a cookie, so that when the page reloads the same rows the user had open are can be shown automatically. I don't store the full map of dom ids, because I'm concerned about it getting too verbose, and I want to keep my cookie under 4Kb. So I convert the dom ids to a compact json object like this, with one property for each level, and a unique array of primary keys under each level: { 1:[231,432,7656], 2:[234,121], 3:[234,2], 4:[222,423], 5:[222] } With this structure stored in a cookie, I feed it to my show function and restore the user's previous disclosure state when the page loads. The area for improvement: I'm looking for better option for reducing my map of id selectors down to this compact format. Here is my function: function getVisibleIds(){ // example dom id: level-1-row-216-sub var ids = $("tr#[id^=level]:visible").map(function() { return this.id; }); var levels = {}; for(var i in ids ) { var id = ids[i]; if (typeof id == 'string'){ if (id.match(/^level/)){ // here we extract the number for level and row var level = id.replace(/.*(level-)(\d*)(.*)/, '$2'); var row = id.replace(/.*(row-)(\d*)(.*)/, '$2'); // *** Improvement here? *** // This works, but it seems klugy. In PHP it's one line (see below): if(levels.hasOwnProperty(level)){ if($.inArray(parseInt(row, 10) ,levels[level]) == -1){ levels[level].push(parseInt(row, 10)); } } else { levels[level] = [parseInt(row, 10)]; } } } } return levels; } If I were doing it in PHP, I'd build the compact array like this, but I can't figure it out in javascript: foreach($ids as $id) { if (/* the criteria */){ $level = /* extract it from $id */; $row = /* extract it from $id */; $levels[$level][$row]; } }

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  • IList<T> and IReadOnlyList<T>

    - by Safak Gür
    My problem is that I have a method that can take a collection as parameter that, Has a Count property Has an integer indexer (get-only) And I don't know what type should this parameter be. I would choose IList<T> before .NET 4.5 since there is no other indexable collection interface for this and arrays implement it, which is a big plus. But .NET 4.5 introduces the new IReadOnlyList<T> interface and I want my method to support that, too. How can I write this method to support both IList<T> and IReadOnlyList<T> without violating the basic principles like DRY? Can I convert IList<T> to IReadOnlyList<T> somehow in an overload? What is the way to go here? Edit: Daniel's answer gave me some pretty ideas, I guess I'll go with this: public void Do<T>(IList<T> collection) { DoInternal(collection, collection.Count, i => collection[i]); } public void Do<T>(IReadOnlyList<T> collection) { DoInternal(collection, collection.Count, i => collection[i]); } private void DoInternal<T>(IEnumerable<T> collection, int count, Func<int, T> indexer) { // Stuff } Or I could just accept a ReadOnlyList<T> and provide an helper like this: public static class CollectionEx { public static IReadOnlyList<T> AsReadOnly<T>(this IList<T> collection) { if (collection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("collection"); return new ReadOnlyWrapper<T>(collection); } private sealed class ReadOnlyWrapper<T> : IReadOnlyList<T> { private readonly IList<T> _Source; public int Count { get { return _Source.Count; } } public T this[int index] { get { return _Source[index]; } } public ReadOnlyWrapper(IList<T> source) { _Source = source; } public IEnumerator<T> GetEnumerator() { return _Source.GetEnumerator(); } IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator() { return GetEnumerator(); } } } Then I could call Do(array.AsReadOnly())

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  • How to use jQuery to generate 2 new associated objects in a nested form?

    - by mind.blank
    I have a model called Pair, which has_many :questions, and each Question has_one :answer. I've been following this railscast on creating nested forms, however I want to generate both a Question field and it's Answer field when clicking on an "Add Question" link. After following the railscast this is what I have: ..javascripts/common.js.coffee: window.remove_fields = (link)-> $(link).closest(".question_remove").remove() window.add_fields = (link, association, content)-> new_id = new Date().getTime() regexp = new RegExp("new_" + association, "g") $(link).before(content.replace(regexp, new_id)) application_helper.rb: def link_to_add_fields(name, f, association) new_object = f.object.class.reflect_on_association(association).klass.new fields = f.simple_fields_for(association, new_object, :child_index => "new_#{association}") do |builder| render(association.to_s.singularize + "_fields", :f => builder) end link_to_function(name, "window.add_fields(this, \"#{association}\", \"#{escape_javascript(fields)}\")", class: "btn btn-inverse") end views/pairs/_form.html.erb: <%= simple_form_for(@pair) do |f| %> <div class="row"> <div class="well span4"> <%= f.input :sys_heading, label: "System Heading", placeholder: "required", input_html: { class: "span4" } %> <%= f.input :heading, label: "User Heading", input_html: { class: "span4" } %> <%= f.input :instructions, as: :text, input_html: { class: "span4 input_text" } %> </div> </div> <%= f.simple_fields_for :questions do |builder| %> <%= render 'question_fields', f: builder %> <% end %> <%= link_to_add_fields "<i class='icon-plus icon-white'></i> Add Another Question".html_safe, f, :questions %> <%= f.button :submit, "Save Pair", class: "btn btn-success" %> <% end %> _question_fields.html.erb partial: <div class="question_remove"> <div class="row"> <div class="well span4"> <%= f.input :text, label: "Question", input_html: { class: "span4" }, placeholder: "your question...?" %> <%= f.simple_fields_for :answer do |builder| %> <%= render 'answer_fields', f: builder %> <% end %> </div> </div> </div> _answer_fields.html.erb partial: <%= f.input :text, label: "Answer", input_html: { class: "span4" }, placeholder: "your answer" %> <%= link_to_function "remove", "remove_fields(this)", class: "float-right" %> I'm especially confused by the reflect_on_association part, for example how does calling .new there create an association? I usually need to use .build Also for a has_one I use .build_answer rather than answers.build - so what does this mean for the jQuery part?

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  • How to give properties to c++ classes (interfaces)

    - by caas
    Hello, I have built several classes (A, B, C...) which perform operations on the same BaseClass. Example: struct BaseClass { int method1(); int method2(); int method3(); } struct A { int methodA(BaseClass& bc) { return bc.method1(); } } struct B { int methodB(BaseClass& bc) { return bc.method2()+bc.method1(); } } struct C { int methodC(BaseClass& bc) { return bc.method3()+bc.method2(); } } But as you can see, each class A, B, C... only uses a subset of the available methods of the BaseClass and I'd like to split the BaseClass into several chunks such that it is clear what it used and what is not. For example a solution could be to use multiple inheritance: // A uses only method1() struct InterfaceA { virtual int method1() = 0; } struct A { int methodA(InterfaceA&); } // B uses method1() and method2() struct InterfaceB { virtual int method1() = 0; virtual int method2() = 0; } struct B { int methodB(InterfaceB&); } // C uses method2() and method3() struct InterfaceC { virtual int method2() = 0; virtual int method3() = 0; } struct C { int methodC(InterfaceC&); } The problem is that each time I add a new type of operation, I need to change the implementation of BaseClass. For example: // D uses method1() and method3() struct InterfaceD { virtual int method1() = 0; virtual int method3() = 0; } struct D { int methodD(InterfaceD&); } struct BaseClass : public A, B, C // here I need to add class D { ... } Do you know a clean way I can do this? Thanks for your help edit: I forgot to mention that it can also be done with templates. But I don't like this solution either because the required interface does not appear explicitly in the code. You have to try to compile the code to verify that all required methods are implemented correctly. Plus, it would require to instantiate different versions of the classes (one for each BaseClass type template parameter) and this is not always possible nor desired.

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  • Writing OpenGL enabled GUI

    - by Jaen
    I am exploring a possibility to write a kind of a notebook analogue that would reproduce the look and feel of using a traditional notebook, but with the added benefit of customizing the page in ways you can't do on paper - ask the program to lay ruled paper here, grid paper there, paste an image, insert a recording from the built-in camera, try to do handwriting recognition on the tablet input, insert some latex for neat formulas and so on. I'm pretty interested in developing it just to see if writing notes on computer can come anywhere close to the comfort plain paper + pencil offer (hard to do IMO) and can always turn it in as a university C++ project, so double gain there. Coming from the type of project there are certain requirements for the user interface: the user will be able to zoom, move and rotate the notebook as he wishes and I think it's pretty sensible delegate it to OpenGL, so the prospective GUI needs to work well with OGL (preferably being rendered in it) the interface should be navigable with as little of keyboard input as user wishes (incorporating some sort of gestures maybe) up to limiting the keyboard keys as modifiers to the pen movements and taps; this includes tablet and possible multitouch support the interface should keep out of the way where not needed and come up where needed and be easily layerable the notebook sheet itself will be a container for objects representing the notebook blurbs, so it would be nice if the GUI would be able to overlay some frames over the exact parts of the OpenGL-drawn sheet to signify what can be done with given part (like moving, rotating, deleting, copying, editing etc.) and it's extents In terms of interface it's probably going to end up similar to Alias' Sketch Book Pro: [picture][http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_GGxlzvZW-CY/SeKYA_oBdSI/AAAAAAAAErE/J6A0kyXiuqA/s400/Autodesk_Alias_SketchBook_Pro_2.jpg] As far as toolkits go I'm considering Qt and nui, but I'm not really aware how well would they match up the requirements and how well would they handle such an application. As far as I know you can somehow coerce Qt into doing widget drawing with OpenGL, but on the other hand I heard voices it's slot-signal framework isn't exactly optimal and requires it's own preprocessor and I don't know how hard would be to do all the custom widgets I would need (say color-wheel, ruler, blurb frames, blurb selection, tablet-targeted pop-up menu etc.) in the constraints of Qt. Also quite a few Qt programs I've had on my machine seemed really sluggish, but it may be attributed to me having old PC or programmers using Qt suboptimally rather to the framework itself. As for [nui][http://www.libnui.net/] I know it's also cross-platform and all of the basic things you would require of a GUI toolkit and what is the biggest plus it is OpenGL-enabled from the start, but I don't know how it is with custom widgets and other facets and it certainly has smaller userbase and less elaborate documentation than Qt. The question goes as this: Does any of these toolkits fulfill (preferably all of) the requirements or there is a well fitting toolkit I haven't come across or maybe I should just roll up my sleeves, get SFML (or maybe Clutter would be more suited to this?) and something like FastDelegates or libsigc++ and program the GUI framework from the ground up myself? I would be very glad if anyone had experience with a similar GUI project and can offer some comments on how well these toolkits hold up or is it worthwhile to pursue own GUI toolkit in this case. Sorry for longwindedness, duh.

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  • pointer to preallocated memory as an input parameter and have the function fill it

    - by djones2010
    test code: void modify_it(char * mystuff) { char test[7] = "123456"; //last element is null i presume for c style strings here. //static char test[] = "123123"; //when i do this i thought i should be able to gain access to this bit of memory when the function is destroyed but that does not seem to be the case. //char * test = new char[7]; //this is also creating memory on stack and not the heap i reckon and gets destroyed once the function is done with. strcpy_s(mystuff,7,test); //this does the job as long as memory for mystuff has been allocated outside the function. mystuff = test; //this does not work. I know with c style strings you can't just do string assignments they have to be actually copied. in this case I was using this in conjunction with static char test thinking by having it as static the memory would not get destroyed and i can then simply point mystuff to test and be done with it. i would later have address the memory cleanup in the main function. but anyway this never worked. } int main(void) { char * mystuff = new char [7]; //allocate memory on heap where the pointer will point cool(mystuff); std::string test_case(mystuff); std::cout<<test_case.c_str(); //this is the only way i know how to use cout by making it into a string c++ string. delete [] mystuff; return 0; } in the case, of a static array in the function why would it not work. in the case, when i allocated memory using new in the function does it get created on the stack or heap? in the case, i have string which needs to be copied into a char * form. everything i see usually requires const char* instead of just char*. I know i could use reference to take care of this easy. Or char ** to send in the pointer and do it that way. But i just wanted to know if I could do it with just char *. Anyway your thoughts and comments plus any examples would be very helpful.

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  • Efficient method of finding database rows that have *one or more* qualities from a list of seven qualities

    - by hithere
    Hello! For this question, I'm looking to see if anyone has a better idea of how to implement what I'm currently planning on implementing (below): I'm keeping track of a set of images, using a database. Each image is represented by one row. I want to be able to search for images, using a number of different search parameters. One of these parameters involves a search-by-color option. (The rest of the search stuff is currently working fine.) Images in this database can contain up to seven colors: -Red -Orange -Yellow -Green -Blue -Indigo -Violet Here are some example user queries: "I want an image that contains red." "I want an image that contains red and blue." "I want an image that contains yellow and violet." "I want an image that contains red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet." And so on. Users make this selection through the use of checkboxes in an html form. They can check zero checkboxes, all seven, and anything in between. I'm curious to hear what people think would be the most efficient way to perform this database search. I have two possible options right now, but I feel like there must be something better that I'm not thinking of. (Option 1) -For each row, simply have seven additional fields in the database, one for each color. Each field holds a 1 or 0 (true/false) value, and I SELECT based on whatever the user has checked off. (I didn't like this solution so much, because it seemed kind of wasteful to add seven additional fields...especially since most pictures in this table will only have 3-4 colors max, though some could have up to 7. So that means I'm storing a lot of zeros.) Also, if I added more searchable colors later on (which I don't think I will, but it's always possible), I'd have to add more fields. (Option 2) -For each image row, I could have a "colors" text field that stores space-separated color names (or numbers for the sake of compactness). Then I could do a fulltext match against search through the fields, selecting rows that contain "red yellow green" (or "1 3 4"). But I kind of didn't want to do fulltext searching because I already allow a keyword search, and I didn't really want to do two fulltext searches per image search. Plus, if the database gets big, fulltext stuff might slow down. Any better options that I didn't think of? Thanks! Side Note: I'm using PHP to work with a MySQL database.

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  • Line Graph CGPoints from NSMutableArray

    - by Mattog1456
    I have been trying to adapt the code from the accelerometer example such that when the user depresses a uibutton a point is added to a line graph. Working on the converting two floats, which are the result of calculate as below into a CGPoint and converting the CGPoint into an NSValue and then adding this to a NSMutableArray with the following -(IBAction)calculate:(id)sender { self.points = [NSMutableArray array]; CGPoint pt = CGPointMake(d, c); [self.points addObject:[NSValue valueWithCGPoint:pt]]; NSLog(@"%@", NSStringFromCGPoint(pt)); NSLog(@"%@", [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d points", self.points.count ]); } But for some reason I am only getting one object stored in the array, it seems everytime push the calculate button the object pt gets overwritten, on the plus side it has the correct x,y coords. Any ideas on this one? UPDATE Removed self.points = [NSMutableArray array]; and placed it in view did load, also set the first points to 0,0. so that is working ok. Now the next problem is that I have a Graph subclass where the CG Drawing is taking place. I am trying to figure out a simple way to be able to access the above NSMutableArray which is in a ViewController class from the graph class. Am so close to the end but am really stuck, any help would be great. Still trying to draw a line graph on a UIView which is on a UIScrollview. The draw rect method is in the UIView Subclass and everything is working there, I have gridlines and labels on the axis and I can draw manually onto it. But the problem I have is that I cannot read the NSMutableArray of the CGPoints, which are the x and y coords. The ViewController performs a calculation and the results are written to the NSMutable array and this is all working fine as well, I can see the CGpoints and their values being written with NSLogs in the ViewController. I have tried various ways to set the NSMutableArray up as a global but to no avail, everything runs but while I can see the points being written in the ViewController they are just not visible to the UIView Subclass. I have also tried to use the addObserver and observeValueForKeyPath methods and once again while everything runs the subclass cannot see the array. Any ideas, suggestions, tips or thoughts would be great

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  • Data extract from website URL

    - by user2522395
    From this below script I am able to extract all links of particular website, But i need to know how I can generate data from extracted links especially like eMail, Phone number if its there Please help how i will modify the existing script and get the result or if you have full sample script please provide me. Private Sub btnGo_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles btnGo.Click 'url must be in this format: http://www.example.com/ Dim aList As ArrayList = Spider("http://www.qatarliving.com", 1) For Each url As String In aList lstUrls.Items.Add(url) Next End Sub Private Function Spider(ByVal url As String, ByVal depth As Integer) As ArrayList 'aReturn is used to hold the list of urls Dim aReturn As New ArrayList 'aStart is used to hold the new urls to be checked Dim aStart As ArrayList = GrabUrls(url) 'temp array to hold data being passed to new arrays Dim aTemp As ArrayList 'aNew is used to hold new urls before being passed to aStart Dim aNew As New ArrayList 'add the first batch of urls aReturn.AddRange(aStart) 'if depth is 0 then only return 1 page If depth < 1 Then Return aReturn 'loops through the levels of urls For i = 1 To depth 'grabs the urls from each url in aStart For Each tUrl As String In aStart 'grabs the urls and returns non-duplicates aTemp = GrabUrls(tUrl, aReturn, aNew) 'add the urls to be check to aNew aNew.AddRange(aTemp) Next 'swap urls to aStart to be checked aStart = aNew 'add the urls to the main list aReturn.AddRange(aNew) 'clear the temp array aNew = New ArrayList Next Return aReturn End Function Private Overloads Function GrabUrls(ByVal url As String) As ArrayList 'will hold the urls to be returned Dim aReturn As New ArrayList Try 'regex string used: thanks google Dim strRegex As String = "<a.*?href=""(.*?)"".*?>(.*?)</a>" 'i used a webclient to get the source 'web requests might be faster Dim wc As New WebClient 'put the source into a string Dim strSource As String = wc.DownloadString(url) Dim HrefRegex As New Regex(strRegex, RegexOptions.IgnoreCase Or RegexOptions.Compiled) 'parse the urls from the source Dim HrefMatch As Match = HrefRegex.Match(strSource) 'used later to get the base domain without subdirectories or pages Dim BaseUrl As New Uri(url) 'while there are urls While HrefMatch.Success = True 'loop through the matches Dim sUrl As String = HrefMatch.Groups(1).Value 'if it's a page or sub directory with no base url (domain) If Not sUrl.Contains("http://") AndAlso Not sUrl.Contains("www") Then 'add the domain plus the page Dim tURi As New Uri(BaseUrl, sUrl) sUrl = tURi.ToString End If 'if it's not already in the list then add it If Not aReturn.Contains(sUrl) Then aReturn.Add(sUrl) 'go to the next url HrefMatch = HrefMatch.NextMatch End While Catch ex As Exception 'catch ex here. I left it blank while debugging End Try Return aReturn End Function Private Overloads Function GrabUrls(ByVal url As String, ByRef aReturn As ArrayList, ByRef aNew As ArrayList) As ArrayList 'overloads function to check duplicates in aNew and aReturn 'temp url arraylist Dim tUrls As ArrayList = GrabUrls(url) 'used to return the list Dim tReturn As New ArrayList 'check each item to see if it exists, so not to grab the urls again For Each item As String In tUrls If Not aReturn.Contains(item) AndAlso Not aNew.Contains(item) Then tReturn.Add(item) End If Next Return tReturn End Function

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  • My webpage ignores changes in CSS file

    - by Pavel
    No matter what I change in my .css file, the page remains the same - what's more, neither changing the link tag so that it points to another .css file nor deleting it completely makes no difference. Other changes in html code are applied. The sourcecode of the webpage shows everything as it should be. This behavior started when I redirected the link tag from previous file to the one I use now (plus there have been some changes in the tag while this problem occured, to test the behavior of my webpage); changes in neither file affect the page. For the first time when this happened, this was caused by copies of head tag in included chunks of code (for header, left menu etc. - their head part overrode the head part of the main page) and the problem was solved by removing these redundant heads from these files. But it happened again when I changed the link tag for the next time. I couldn't find any head parts in my included files, but the problem lasts (only solution I can see now is to delete the included files and copy the code directly to the file, but this would mean lots of redundant code). How can I solve this problem, so that my page response to changes in .css files without increasing redundancy? How to ensure that I can change the link to .css file just on one place with no such problems? Do I have to unload the CSS file somehow? I saw this problem both in Firefox and in Chrome. I use PSPad to write the code, just in case it would play role. EDIT: I have cleared browser cache now, and I changed the link to .css files from one to another before, but nothing helped. Now I accept the best answer saying the problem is in caching and I start a related question to find out how to solve the caching issue. If the other question's answers would say that in this case I can be sure that problem isn't in caching (very unlikely, but fail of ordinary methods of caching-problems-solving is unlikely too), I'd update this question and start searching for other possible problems, but now the message seems to be clear: when webpage ignores changes in .css files, caching is to blame.

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