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• Is there any reason to use C instead of C++ for embedded development?

  - by Piotr Czapla

  Question I have two compilers on my hardware C++ and C89 I'm thinking about using C++ with classes but without polymorphism (to avoid vtables). The main reasons I’d like to use C++ are: I prefer to use “inline” functions instead of macro definitions. I’d like to use namespaces as I prefixes clutter the code. I see C++ a bit type safer mainly because of templates, and verbose casting. I really like overloaded functions and constructors (used for automatic casting). Do you see any reason to stick with C89 when developing for very limited hardware (4kb of RAM)? Conclusion Thank you for your answers, they were really helpful! I though the subject through and I will stick with C mainly because: It is easier to predict actual code in C and this is really important if you have only 4kb of ram. My team consists of C developers mainly so advance features of C++ won't be frequently used. I've found a way to inline functions in my C compiler (C89). It is hard to accept one answer as you provided so many good answers. Unfortunately I can't create a wiki and accept it so I will choose one answer that made me think most.

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• Should I use custom exceptions to control the flow of application?

  - by bonefisher

  Is it a good practise to use custom business exceptions (e.g. BusinessRuleViolationException) to control the flow of user-errors/user-incorrect-inputs??? The classic approach: I have a web service, where I have 2 methods, one is the 'checker' (UsernameAlreadyExists()) and the other one is 'creator' (CreateUsername())... So if I want to create a username, I have to do 2 roundtrips to webservice, 1.check, 2.if check is OK, create. What about using UsernameAlreadyExistsException? So I call only the 2. web service method (CrateUsername()), which contains the check and if not successfull, it throws the UsernameAlreadyExistsException. So the end goal is to have only one round trip to web service and the checking can be contained also in other web service methods (so I avoid calling the UsernameAlreadyExists() all the times..). Furthermore I can use this kind of business error handling with other web service calls completely avoiding the checking prior the call.

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• Best practice for Python Assert

  - by meade

  Is there a performance or code maintenance issue with using assert as part of the standard code instead of using it just for debugging purposes? Is assert x >= 0, 'x is less then zero' and better or worse then if x < 0: raise Exception, 'x is less then zero' Also, is there anyway to set a business rule like if x < 0 raise error that is always checked with out the try, except, finally so, if at anytime throughout the code x is < 0 an error is raised, like if you set assert x < 0 at the start of a function, anywhere within the function where x becomes less then 0 an exception is raised?

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• Choosing between instance methods and separate functions?

  - by StackedCrooked

  Adding functionality to a class can be done by adding a method or by defining a function that takes an object as its first parameter. Most programmers that I know would choose for the solution of adding a instance method. However, I sometimes prefer to create a separate function. For example, in the example code below Area and Diagonal are defined as separate functions instead of methods. I find it better this way because I think these functions provide enhancements rather than core functionality. Is this considered a good/bad practice? If the answer is "it depends", then what are the rules for deciding between adding method or defining a separate function? class Rect { public: Rect(int x, int y, int w, int h) : mX(x), mY(y), mWidth(w), mHeight(h) { } int x() const { return mX; } int y() const { return mY; } int width() const { return mWidth; } int height() const { return mHeight; } private: int mX, mY, mWidth, mHeight; }; int Area(const Rect & inRect) { return inRect.width() * inRect.height(); } float Diagonal(const Rect & inRect) { return std::sqrt(std::pow(static_cast<float>(inRect.width()), 2) + std::pow(static_cast<float>(inRect.height()), 2)); }

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• Best practice for Google app engine and Git.

  - by systempuntoout

  I'm developing a small pet project on Google App Engine and i would like to keep code under source control using github; this will allow a friend of mine to checkout and modify the sources. I just have a directory with all sources (call it PetProject) and Google App Engine development server points to that directory. Is it correct to create a Repo directly from PetProject directory or is it preferable to create a second directory (mirror of the develop PetProject directory); in this case, anytime my friend will release something new, i need to pull from Git and then copy the modified files to the develop PetProject directory. If i decide to keep the Repo inside the develop directory, skippin .git on yaml is enough? What's the best practice here?

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• What problems do you find with this view on domain-driven design?

  - by Bozho

  I just wrote a long (and messy) blogpost about my view on domain-driven design at present day, with frameworks like spring and hibernate massively in use. I'd ask you to spot any problems with my views on the matter - why this won't work, why it isn't giving the benefits of DDD, why it is not a good idea in general. The blogpost is here (I don't think I need to copy-paste it on SO - if you think I should, tell me). I know the question is subjective, but it is aimed at gathering the most predominant opinions. (I'm tagging Java, since the frameworks discussed are Java frameworks)

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• What are the weaknesses of this user authentication method?

  - by byronh

  I'm developing my own PHP framework. It seems all the security articles I have read use vastly different methods for user authentication than I do so I could use some help in finding security holes. Some information that might be useful before I start. I use mod_rewrite for my MVC url's. Passwords are sha1 and md5 encrypted with 24 character salt unique to each user. mysql_real_escape_string and/or variable typecasting on everything going in, and htmlspecialchars on everything coming out. Step-by step process: Top of every page: session_start(); session_regenerate_id(); If user logs in via login form, generate new random token to put in user's MySQL row. Hash is generated based on user's salt (from when they first registered) and the new token. Store the hash and plaintext username in session variables, and duplicate in cookies if 'Remember me' is checked. On every page, check for cookies. If cookies set, copy their values into session variables. Then compare $_SESSION['name'] and $_SESSION['hash'] against MySQL database. Destroy all cookies and session variables if they don't match so they have to log in again. If login is valid, some of the user's information from the MySQL database is stored in an array for easy access. So far, I've assumed that this array is clean so when limiting user access I refer to user.rank and deny access if it's below what's required for that page. I've tried to test all the common attacks like XSS and CSRF, but maybe I'm just not good enough at hacking my own site! My system seems way too simple for it to actually be secure (the security code is only 100 lines long). What am I missing? I've also spent alot of time searching for the vulnerabilities with mysql_real_escape string but I haven't found any information that is up-to-date (everything is from several years ago at least and has apparently been fixed). All I know is that the problem was something to do with encoding. If that problem still exists today, how can I avoid it? Any help will be much appreciated.

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• Is there a naming convention for a method that should set the properties of the passed object.

  - by Genady Sergeev

  Hello, I am writing a method that will set the properties of an object passed as a parameter. The method accepts one parameter of type interface and the return type of the method is the same interface. I was wondering if there is some kind of a naming convention for such methods. I was thinking of something like: FillInInterfaceTypeData or InitInterfaceTypeData but both sound clumsy to me. How do you think?

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• Observing social web behavior: to log or populate databases?

  - by jlafay

  When considering social web app architecture, is it a better approach to document user social patterns in a database or in logs? I thought for sure that behavior, actions, events would be strictly database stored but I noticed that some of the larger social sites out there also track a lot by logging what happens. Is it good practice to store prominent data about users in a database and since thousands of user actions can be spawned easily, should they be simply logged?

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• Which framework exceptions should every programmer know about ?

  - by Thibault Falise

  I've recently started a new project in C#, and, as I was coding some exception throw in a function, I figured out I didn't really know which exception I should use. Here are common exceptions that are often thrown in many programs : ArgumentException ArgumentNullException InvalidOperationException Are there any framework exceptions you often use in your programs ? Which exceptions should every .net programmer know about ? When do you use custom exception ?

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• Code Design Process?

  - by user156814

  I am going to be working on a project, a web application. I was reading 37signals getting real pamphlet online (http://gettingreal.37signals.com/), and I understand the recommended process to build the entire website. Brainstorm, sketch, HTML, code. They touch on each process lightly, but they never really talk much about the coding process (all they say is to keep code lean). I've been reading about different ways to go about it (top to bottom, bottom to top) but I dont know much about each way. I even read somewhere that one should write tests for the code before they actually write the code??? WHAT? What coding process should one follow when building an application. if its necessary, I'm using PHP and a framework.

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• How to test method call order with Moq

  - by Finglas

  At the moment I have: [Test] public void DrawDrawsAllScreensInTheReverseOrderOfTheStack() { // Arrange. var screenMockOne = new Mock<IScreen>(); var screenMockTwo = new Mock<IScreen>(); var screens = new List<IScreen>(); screens.Add(screenMockOne.Object); screens.Add(screenMockTwo.Object); var stackOfScreensMock = new Mock<IScreenStack>(); stackOfScreensMock.Setup(s => s.ToArray()).Returns(screens.ToArray()); var screenManager = new ScreenManager(stackOfScreensMock.Object); // Act. screenManager.Draw(new Mock<GameTime>().Object); // Assert. screenMockOne.Verify(smo => smo.Draw(It.IsAny<GameTime>()), Times.Once(), "Draw was not called on screen mock one"); screenMockTwo.Verify(smo => smo.Draw(It.IsAny<GameTime>()), Times.Once(), "Draw was not called on screen mock two"); } But the order in which I draw my objects in the production code does not matter. I could do one first, or two it doesn't matter. However it should matter as the draw order is important. How do you (using Moq) ensure methods are called in a certain order? Edit I got rid of that test. The draw method has been removed from my unit tests. I'll just have to manually test it works. The reversing of the order though was taken into a seperate test class where it was tested so it's not all bad. Thanks for the link about the feature they are looking into. I sure hope it gets added soon, very handy.

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• What is an ideal variable naming convention for loop variables?

  - by just mike

  If you are writing a simple little loop, what should you name the counter? Provide example loops!

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• Best way for user authentication on JavaEE 6 using JSF 2.0?

  - by ngeek

  I'm wondering what the current state of art recommendation is regarding user authentication for a web application making use of JSF 2.0 (and if any components do exist) and JEE6 core mechanisms (login/check permissions/logouts) with user information hold in a JPA entity. The Sun tutorial is a bit sparse on this (only handles servlets). This is without making use of a whole other framework, like Spring-Security (acegi), or Seam, but trying to stick hopefully with the new Java EE 6 platform (web profile) if possible. Thanks, Niko

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• Any reason not to always log stack traces?

  - by Chris Knight

  Encountered a frustrating problem in our application today which came down to an ArrayIndexOutOfBounds exception being thrown. The exception's type was just about all that was logged which is fairly useless (but, oh dear legacy app, we still love you, mostly). I've redeployed the application with a change which logs the stack trace on exception handling (and immediately found the root cause of the problem) and wondered why no one else did this before. Do you generally log the stack trace and is there any reason you wouldn't do this? Bonus points if you can explain (why, not how) the rationale behind having to jump hoops in java to get a string representation of a stack trace!

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• Using an image file vs data URI in the CSS

  - by fudgey

  I'm trying to decide the best way to include an image that is required for a script I've written. I discovered this site and it made me think about trying this method to include the image as a data URI since it was so small - it's a 1x1 pixel 50% opacity png file (used for a background) - it ends up at 2,792 bytes as an image versus 3,746 bytes as text in the CSS. So would this be considered good practice, or would it just clutter up the CSS unnecessarily?

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• best practice for passing many arguments to method ?

  - by Tony

  Occasionally , we have to write methods that receive many many arguments , for example : public void doSomething(Object objA , Object objectB ,Date date1 ,Date date2 ,String str1 ,String str2 ) { } When I encounter this kind of problem , I often encapsulate arguments into a map. Map<Object,Object> params = new HashMap<Object,Object>(); params.put("objA",ObjA) ; ...... public void doSomething(Map<Object,Object> params) { // extracting params Object objA = (Object)params.get("objA"); ...... } This is not a good practice , encapsulate params into a map is totally a waste of efficiency. The good thing is , the clean signature , easy to add other params with fewest modification . what's the best practice for this kind of problem ?

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• What is the proper way to code a read-while loop in Scala?

  - by ARKBAN

  What is the "proper" of writing the standard read-while loop in Scala? By proper I mean written in a Scala-like way as opposed to a Java-like way. Here is the code I have in Java: MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance( "MD5" ); InputStream input = new FileInputStream( "file" ); byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; int readLen; while( ( readLen = input.read( buffer ) ) != -1 ) md.update( buffer, 0, readLen ); return md.digest(); Here is the code I have in Scala: val md = MessageDigest.getInstance( hashInfo.algorithm ) val input = new FileInputStream( "file" ) val buffer = new Array[ Byte ]( 1024 ) var readLen = 0 while( readLen != -1 ) { readLen = input.read( buffer ) if( readLen != -1 ) md.update( buffer, 0, readLen ) } md.digest The Scala code is correct and works, but feels very un-Scala-ish. For one it is a literal translation of the Java code, taking advantage of none of the advantages of Scala. Further it is actually longer than the Java code! I really feel like I'm missing something, but I can't figure out what. I'm fairly new to Scala, and so I'm asking the question to avoid falling into the pitfall of writing Java-style code in Scala. I'm more interested in the Scala way to solve this kind of problem than in any specific helper method that might be provided by the Scala API to hash a file. (I apologize in advance for my ad hoc Scala adjectives throughout this question.)

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• Usage of Assert.Inconclusive

  - by Johannes Rudolph

  Hi, Im wondering how someone should use Assert.Inconclusive(). I'm using it if my Unit test would be about to fail for a reason other than what it is for. E.g. i have a method on a class that calculates the sum of an array of ints. On the same class there is also a method to calculate the average of the element. It is implemented by calling sum and dividing it by the length of the array. Writing a Unit test for Sum() is simple. However, when i write a test for Average() and Sum() fails, Average() is likely to fail also. The failure of Average is not explicit about the reason it failed, it failed for a reason other than what it should test for. That's why i would check if Sum() returns the correct result, otherwise i Assert.Inconclusive(). Is this to be considered good practice? What is Assert.Inconclusive intended for? Or should i rather solve the previous example by means of an Isolation Framework?

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• Equivalent of HTMLLoader class for an AS3 only project?

  - by eco_bach

  Hi I'm building an as3 only web application and want to be able to include external html content within a flash 'window'. In AIR there is the flash.html.HTMLLoader class which makes this possible. Can anyone point to an example of this being done in a flash as opposed to AIR application?

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• What is the Proper approach for Constructing a PhysicalAddress object from Byte Array

  - by Paul Farry

  I'm trying to understand what the correct approach for a constructor that accepts a Byte Array with regard to how it stores it's data (specifically with PhysicalAddress) I have an array of 6 bytes (theAddress) that is constructed once. I have a source array of 18bytes (theAddresses) that is loaded from a TCP Connection. I then copy the 6bytes from theAddress+offset into theAddress and construct the PhysicalAddress from it. Problem is that the PhysicalAddress just stores the Reference to the array that was passed in. Therefore if you subsequently check the addresses they only ever point to the last address that was copied in. When I took a look inside the PhysicalAddress with reflector it's easy to see what's going on. public PhysicalAddress(byte[] address) { this.changed = true; this.address = address; } Now I know this can be solved by creating theAddress array on each pass, but I wanted to find out what really is the best practice for this. Should the constructor of an object that accepts a byte array create it's own private Variable for holding the data and copy it from the original Should it just hold the reference to what was passed in. Should I just created theAddress on each pass in the loop

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• What's the best practice to "look up" Java Enums?

  - by Marcus

  We have a REST API where clients can supply parameters representing values defined on the server in Java Enums. So we can provide a descriptive error, we add this lookup method to each Enum. Seems like we're just copying code (bad). Is there a better practice? public enum MyEnum { A, B, C, D; public static MyEnum lookup(String id) { try { return MyEnum.valueOf(id); } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) { throw new RuntimeException("Invalid value for my enum blah blah: " + id); } } } Update: The default error message provided by valueOf(..) would be No enum const class a.b.c.MyEnum.BadValue. I would like to provide a more descriptive error from the API.

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• Combine hash values in C#

  - by Chris

  I'm creating a generic object collection class and need to implement a Hash function. I can obviously (and easily!) get the hash values for each object but was looking for the 'correct' way to combine them to avoid any issues. Does just adding, xoring or any basic operation harm the quality of the hash or am I going to have to do something like getting the objects as bytes, combining them and then hashing that? Cheers in advance

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• How to release a simple program

  - by Zenya

  What is the best practice for releasing a simple software? Suppose I created a very small simple and useful program or a tool and would like to share it with everyone by uploading it to my web-site. Do I need a license and which one? (I read http://www.gnu.org/ and http://www.fsf.org/ but still cannot decide - there are too many of them.) Do I need to put somewhere a copyright and what is the basic principles of creating "Copyright" string? How can I make a user, who is going to download and install my program, to believe that my program doesn't contain viruses or a malicious code?

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• Good tools for keeping the content in test/staging/live environments synchronized

  - by David Stratton

  I'm looking for recommendations on automated folder synchronization tools to keep the content in our three environments synchronized automatically. Specifically, we have several applications where a user can upload content (via a File Upload page or a similar mechanism), such as images, pdf files, word documents, etc. In the past, we had the user doing this to our live server, and as a result, our test and staging servers had to be manually synchronized. Going forward, we will have them upload content to the staging server, and we would like some software to automatically copy the files off to the test and live servers EITHER on a scheduled basis OR as the files get uploaded. I was planning on writing my own component, and either set it up as a scheduled task, or use a FileSystemWatcher, but it occurred to me that this has probably already been done, and I might be better off with some sort of synchronization tool that already exists. On our web site, there are a limited number of folders that we want to keep synchronized. In these folders, it is an all or nothing - we want to make sure the folders are EXACT duplicates. This should make it fairly straightforward, and I would think that any software that can synchronize folders would be OK, except that we also would like the software to log changes. (This rules out simple BATCH files.) So I'm curious, if you have a similar environment, how did you solve the challenge of keeping everything synchronized. Are you aware of a tool that is reliable, and will meet our needs? If not, do you have a recommendation for something that will come close, or better yet, an open source solution where we can get the code and modify it as needed? (preferably .NET). Added Also, I DID google this first, but there are so many options, I am interested mostly in knowing what actually works well vs what they SAY works, which is why I'm asking here.

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