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• Trouble with mod_proxy and mongrel_rails

  - by x3ro

  Hey there I'm trying to set up a mod_proxy - mongrel combination, but somehow, apache/mod_proxy is unable to access mongrel locally. The following is my configuration for mod_proxy: ProxyRequests Off ProxyPreserveHost On <Location / ProxyPass http://localhost:3000/ ProxyPassReverse http://localhost:3000/ Order deny,allow Allow from all </Location Mongrel/Rails ist running just fine, because I can access it from my browser, and even with lynx on the server. However, I get the following error when trying to use the proxy: [error] [client 127.0.0.1] Invalid Content-Length I would appreciate any help :D PS: Oh, and the server is running Plesk to configure vhosts, if thats important.

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• SASL (Postfix) authentication with MySQL and SHA1 pre-encrypted passwords

  - by webo

  I have a Rails app with the Devise authentication gem running user registration and login. I want to use the db table that Devise populates when a user registers as the table that Postfix uses to authenticate users. The table has all the fields that Postfix may want for SASL authentication except that Devise encrypts the password using SHA1 before placing it in the database. How could I go about getting Postfix/SASL to decrypt those passwords so that the user can be authenticated properly? Devise salts the password so I'm not sure if that helps. Any suggestions? I'd likely want to do something similar with Dovecot or Courier, I'm not attached to one quite yet.

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• nginx conditional Accept header

  - by manu_v

  Some mobile devices send the following incorrect requests to our servers : GET / HTTP/1.0 Accept: User-Agent : xxx The empty Accept header causes our Ruby on Rails server to throw back a 500 error. In Apache, the following directive allows us to rewrite the header before sending it to the application RoR server in order to cope with the broken devices : RequestHeader edit Accept ^$ "*/*" early We're currently setting up nginx, but achieving the same work-around is proving difficult. We are able to set : proxy_set_header Accept */*; However, this seems to have to be done inconditionally. Whenever trying to do : if ($http_accept !~ ".") { proxy_set_header Accept */*; } It complains with the message : "proxy_set_header" directive is not allowed here So, using nginx, how can we set the HTTP Accept header to */* when it is empty before sending the request to the application server ?

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• Need to move a debian server from i686 to x86_64 architecture

  - by user64204

  I have a debian server that I need to move from one hosting provider to another. I don't really know how the old server was setup, all I know is that it's running a Ruby on Rails application with a lot of custom libraries installed and that I should prepare myself for a painful migration. Old server: -os: debian 5.0.9 -used disk space: 3.2GB -architecture: i686 New server: -os: debian 5.0.9 -free disk space: 10GB -architecture: x86_64 As you can see the problem is that the servers are running different architectures. Q: Is there anyway I could somehow migrate the old to the new server in a few steps (or am I just dreaming I could) ? I was thinking maybe I could: -get list of packages and gems installed on old server and use for loop to install them all on the new -copy the disk content from old to new server while excluding what is architecture-specific (the problem is that I don't really know what to exclude).

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• Rack processes taking over CPU under Passenger

  - by pjmorse

  I have a Spree site running the following stack: Nginx 1.0.8 Passenger 3.0.9 Ruby 1.9.2-p290 Rack 1.3.6 Rails 3.1.4 Spree 0.70.5 I recently upgraded from Spree 0.70.3, which also brought a Deface upgrade from 0.7.x to 0.8.0. Since then things have been very unstable. Recently we've seen some CPU-hogging processes which drive load up on the server and grind the whole thing to a stop. They're Rack processes and it looks like Passenger is starting them; they're owned by the site-runner user, an unprivileged user who owns the application code. (Passenger automatically runs the site code as the user who owns it.) If I restart Nginx and kill the runaway processes, it helps for a while, but eventually similar processes return and bog things down again. How can I figure out what's starting these processes, what they're trying to do, and how to stop them?

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• Application specific environment on the same server in Nginx/Passenger

  - by dexter

  I have two Rails applications (say app1 and app2) deployed using Nginx/Passenger. The server definition in nginx.conf looks like this: server { rails_env demo; client_max_body_size 50M; listen 80; server_name localhost; root /data/apps; passenger_enabled on; passenger_base_uri /app1; passenger_base_uri /app2; } You can see that both are configured to use demo as the RAILS_ENV. How should I change my configuration to run both the apps in different environments. Let's assume app2 is suppose to run with RAILS_ENV=qa and app1 with RAILS_ENV=demo

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• websites resolving in browser but not resolving in CLI. Can ping IP but not domain name (unknown host)

  - by tjkoding

  Hi guys I'm currently developing using rails and for some reason bundle install is returning the following output Error Bundler::HTTPError during request to dependency API Fetching full source index from https://rubygems.org/ Could not reach https://rubygems.org/ I've discovered that pinging by domain name keeps returning an unknown host. The browser is still resolving web pages just fine and I've managed to confirm that the problem is localized (i.e. the rubygems page isn't down). I'm completely lost so any help would be much appreciated. Thanks in advance!

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• Xbox : la prochaine console sera baptisée Loop, plus petite et moins chère, elle sera sous Windows 9 avec un processeur ARM

  Xbox : la prochaine console sera baptisée Loop, Plus petite et moins chère, elle sera sous Windows 9 avec un processeur ARMe Ça devient presque une coutume pour certains produits de Microsoft dont la firme se garde de divulguer toute information officielle. Comme c'était le cas pour Windows 8, les rumeurs sur la prochaine console Xbox font à leur tour le « buz » sur la toile. Selon un article du site MSNerd, le successeur de la Xbox 360 pourrait être baptisé Xbox 720, et aura pour nom de code « Loop ». Plus petite et moins couteuse, cette console fonctionnera sous une version adaptée de Windows 9, avec un ...

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• Read MS Word .doc file with ruby and win32ole

  - by bmalets

  I'm trying ot read .doc file with ruby, I use win32ole library. IT my code: require 'win32ole' class DocParser def initialize @content = '' end def read_file file_path begin word = WIN32OLE.connect( 'Word.Application' ) doc = word.activedocument rescue word = WIN32OLE.new( 'Word.Application' ) doc = word.documents.open( file_path ) end word.visible = false doc.sentences.each{ |x| @content I kick off doc reading with DocParser.new.read_file('path/file.doc') When I run this using rails c - I don't have any problems, it's working fine. But when I run it using rails (e.g. after button click), once in a while (every 3-4 time) this code crashes with error: WIN32OLERuntimeError (failed to create WIN32OLE object from `Word.Application' HRESULT error code:0x800401f0 CoInitialize has not been called.): lib/file_parsers/doc_parser.rb:14:in `initialize' lib/file_parsers/doc_parser.rb:14:in `new' lib/file_parsers/doc_parser.rb:14:in `rescue in read_file' lib/file_parsers/doc_parser.rb:10:in `read_file' lib/search_engine.rb:10:in `block in search' lib/search_engine.rb:43:in `block in each_file_in' lib/search_engine.rb:42:in `each_file_in' lib/search_engine.rb:8:in `search' app/controllers/home_controller.rb:9:in `search' Rendered c:/Ruby193/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/actionpack-4.1.1/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/templates/rescues/_source.erb (0.0ms) Rendered c:/Ruby193/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/actionpack-4.1.1/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/templates/rescues/_trace.text.erb (2.0ms) Rendered c:/Ruby193/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/actionpack-4.1.1/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/templates/rescues/_request_and_response.text.erb (2.0ms) Rendered c:/Ruby193/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/actionpack-4.1.1/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/templates/rescues/diagnostics.erb (56.0ms) Aditionaly, this code read doc file successfully, but after a few seconds rails crashes: see this gist What is my problem? How can I fix it? Please, help!

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• How do you keep your business rules DRY?

  - by Mario

  I periodically ponder how to best design an application whose every business rule exists in just a single location. (While I know there is no proverbial “best way” and that designs are situational, people must have a leaning toward one practice or another.) I work for a shop where they prefer to house as much of the business rules as possible in the database. This requires developers in many cases to perform identical front-end validations to avoid sending data to the database that will result in an exception—not very DRY. It grates me anytime I find myself duplicating any kind of logic—even lowly validation logic. I am a single-point-of-truth purist to an anal degree. On the other end of the spectrum, I know of shops that create dumb databases (the Rails community leans in this direction) and handle all of the business logic in a separate tier (in Rails the models would house “most” of this). Note the word “most” which implies that some business logic does end up spilling into other places (in Rails it might spill over into the controllers). In way, a clean separation of concerns where all business logic exists in a single core location is a Utopian fantasy that’s hard to uphold (n-tiered architecture or not). Furthermore, is see the “Database as a fortress” and would agree that it should be built on constraints that cause it to reject bad data. As such, I hold principles that cause a degree of angst as I attempt to balance them. How do you balance the database-as-a-fortress view with the desire to have a single-point-of-truth?

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• Open Source Web Frameworks : Security

  - by trappedIntoCode

  How secure are popular open source web frameworks? I am particularly interested in popular frameworks like Rails and DJango. If I am building a site which is going to do heavy e-commerce, is it Ok to use frameworks like DJango and Satchmo? Is security compromised because their open architecture ? I know being OS does not mean being down right open to hackers, Linux uses superb authentication mechanism, but web is a different game. What can be done in this regard? UPDATE: Thanks for answers guys. I understand that I will have to find a suitable hosting service for a secure e-commerce application and that additional layers of security will be needed. I understand that Django and Rails have been designed keeping security aspects in mind, the most common form attacks like XSS, Injections etc. (Django book has a ch on Security) I was expecting comments from security Gurus. If you are a security Guru, would you recommend an important site, which is likely going to be popular, to be built on DJango or Rails?

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• plugin from github not successfully installing

  - by JohnMerlino

  Hey all, I tried to install the highcharts-rails plugin from github as specified in the instructions: Installation Get the plugin: script/plugin install git://github.com/loudpixel/highcharts-rails.git Run the rake setup: rake highcharts_rails:install But when I run the script/plugin install... It installs a couple of files only and not all the required files, I presume, because when I run rake highcharts_rails:install I get the following: rake aborted! Don't know how to build task 'highcharts_rails:install' All it installed for me was: jquery.js jrails.js jquery-ui.js I noticed on the site http://github.com/loudpixel/highcharts-rails It has all this: file MIT-LICENSE February 08, 2010 Initial commit [abbottry] file README.md February 09, 2010 Added installation section to README [jsiarto] file Rakefile February 08, 2010 Initial commit [abbottry] directory generators/ February 08, 2010 Initial commit [abbottry] file init.rb February 08, 2010 Initial commit [abbottry] directory javascripts/ February 08, 2010 Added jquery 1.3.2 script [abbottry] directory lib/ February 08, 2010 Initial commit [abbottry] directory tasks/ February 08, 2010 Incorrect path to plugin for rake task [abbottry] directory test/ February 08, 2010 Initial commit [abbottry] file uninstall.rb February 08, 2010 Initial commit [abbottry] So I'm not sure what I'm doing wrong to not get these files installed properly. Thanks for any response.

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• Wrong Ruby Float and BigDecimal subtraction result

  - by SamChandra

  I am running: [~/ruby/rails/sas]$ ruby --version ruby 1.8.7 (2009-06-08 patchlevel 173) [universal-darwin10.0] on Mac Snow Leopard 10.6.3 Can anyone help to explain why the Float and BigDecimal subtraction can be this wrong. [~/ruby/rails/sas]$ console Loading development environment (Rails 2.1.1) >> num = 30.0 => 30.0 >> num.class => Float >> ex = 28.04.to_d => #<BigDecimal:105367e40,'0.284E2',8(8)> >> ex.class => BigDecimal >> num - ex => 1.6 >> _.class => Float >> I was hoping that the result should be 1.96, I know that perhaps doing an arithmetic operation using 2 different data types are not recommended, but this behavior is so strange. It seems to be wise that from now on, I have to check the variables data type before doing any arithmetic operation. Hopefully somebody can give me an insight on what was happening.

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• Passenger error message I can't figure out

  - by Sam Kong

  Hi, I am testing Rails 3 on DreamHost which just installed Rails 3. I created a simple controller and it failed. Browser shows 500 error (Internal Server Error) and the log shows the following message. Could not find i18n-0.5.0 in any of the sources Try running `bundle install`. *** Exception EOFError in spawn manager (Unexpected end-of-file detected.) (process 17951): from /dh/passenger/lib/phusion_passenger/utils.rb:306:in `unmarshal_and_raise_errors' from /dh/passenger/lib/phusion_passenger/rack/application_spawner.rb:71:in `spawn_application' from /dh/passenger/lib/phusion_passenger/rack/application_spawner.rb:41:in `spawn_application' from /dh/passenger/lib/phusion_passenger/spawn_manager.rb:159:in `spawn_application' from /dh/passenger/lib/phusion_passenger/spawn_manager.rb:287:in `handle_spawn_application' from /dh/passenger/lib/phusion_passenger/abstract_server.rb:352:in `__send__' from /dh/passenger/lib/phusion_passenger/abstract_server.rb:352:in `main_loop' from /dh/passenger/lib/phusion_passenger/abstract_server.rb:196:in `start_synchronously' from /dh/passenger/bin/passenger-spawn-server:61 [ pid=13245 file=ext/apache2/Hooks.cpp:727 time=2010-12-24 12:13:38.287 ]: Unexpected error in mod_passenger: Cannot spawn application '/home/cp_rails3/sites/rails3.codepremise.com': The spawn server has exited unexpectedly. Backtrace: in 'virtual boost::shared_ptr<Passenger::Application::Session> Passenger::ApplicationPoolServer::Client::get(const Passenger::PoolOptions&)' (ApplicationPoolServer.h:471) in 'int Hooks::handleRequest(request_rec*)' (Hooks.cpp:523) It runs fine in console (app.get "url") and also ok with "rails server". What's wrong? Thanks. Sam

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• uninitialized constant Test::Unit::TestResult::TestResultFailureSupport

  - by Vitaly Kushner

  I get the error in subj when I'm trying to run specs or generators in a fresh rails project. This happens when I add shoulda to the mix. I added the following in the config/environment.rb: config.gem 'rspec', :version => '1.2.6', :lib => false config.gem 'rspec-rails', :version => '1.2.6', :lib => false config.gem "thoughtbot-shoulda", :version => "2.10.2", :lib => 'shoulda', :source => "http://gems.github.com" I'm on OSX. ruby 1.8.6 (2008-08-11 patchlevel 287) gems 1.3.5 rails 2.3.4 rspec - 1.2.6 shoulda - 2.10.2 test-unit - 2.0.3 I'm aware of this and adding config.gem 'test-unit', :lib => 'test/unit' indeed solves the genrator problem as it doesn't throw an exception, but it prints 0 tests, 0 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors, 0 pendings, 0 omissions, 0 notifications at the end of the run so I suppose it tries to run tests which is unexpected and undesired, also the specs stop to run at all, seems like rspec is not running at all, when running rake spec I get the test-unit output again (with 0 tests as there are only specs, no tests defined)

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• Compass, Haml alongside Sass installation took over ERB, need to reverse

  - by Nik

  Hi all, I've been trying out Compass for a few days now, and just now I ran into some strange problem: The past few days, as usual, whenever I use my textmate shortcut to create a partial if not already created, that partial will be created in .erb format, but then just now, a few minutes ago, I have no idea what I have done, when I tried to create a new partial, it is prompting me to create one that ends with .haml. when I didn't create that and manually created a .erb partial with all the code that was suppose to go in there, I tried to load the page that uses that partial, it says the partial is missing. That kind of tells me now Rails is looking for Haml templates instead of erb templates. That means all my other partials are useless. And indeed they have become!!! I don't know how this happened. It was working fine with ERB just minutes ago, and suddenly Haml took over and demand all partials be written in it. So my question: Can I keep both Haml and Erb in one Rails application and use mostly erb except for Sass/compass related files? Where in Rails does it state what templating format (erb | haml) it should use? Thanks!

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• How to avoid multiple, unused has_many associations when using multiple models for the same entity (

  - by mikep

  Hello, I'm looking for a nice, Ruby/Rails-esque solution for something. I'm trying to split up some data using multiple tables, rather than just using one gigantic table. My reasoning is pretty much to try and avoid the performance drop that would come with having a big table. So, rather than have one table called books, I have multiple tables: books1, books2, books3, etc. (I know that I could use a partition, but, for now, I've decided to go the 'multiple tables' route.) Each user has their books placed into a specific table. The actual book table is chosen when the user is created, and all of their books go into the same table. The goal is to try and keep each table pretty much even -- but that's a different issue. One thing I don't particularly want to have is a bunch of unused associations in the User class. Right now, it looks like I'd have to do the following: class User < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :books1, :books2, :books3, :books4, :books5 end class Books1 < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :user end class Books2 < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :user end First off, for each specific user, only one of the book tables would be usable/applicable, since all of a user's books are stored in the same table. So, only one of the associations would be in use at any time and any other has_many :bookX association that was loaded would be a waste. I don't really know Ruby/Rails does internally with all of those has_many associations though, so maybe it's not so bad. But right now I'm thinking that it's really wasteful, and that there may just be a better, more efficient way of doing this. Is there's some sort of special Ruby/Rails methodology that could be applied here to avoid having to have all of those has_many associations? Also, does anyone have any advice on how to abstract the fact that there's multiple book tables behind a single books model/class?

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• action mailer gem and tlsmail gem not working in heroku after GIT PUSH HEROKU

  - by user163352

  I'm using heroku as my host..It was working fine. Then I installed action_mailer_tls and tlsmail. Then I comitted it and pushed it heroku.. After that I got error in myapp.heroku.com. The error is /usr/local/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.8/rubygems/custom_require.rb:31:in gem_original_require': no such file to load -- smtp_tls (MissingSourceFile) from /usr/local/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.8/rubygems/custom_require.rb:31:inrequire' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activesupport-2.3.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:158:in require' from /disk1/home/slugs/154378_e47562d_b59c/mnt/config/initializers/smtp_gmail.rb:3 from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activesupport-2.3.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:147:inload_without_new_constant_marking' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activesupport-2.3.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:147:in load' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rails-2.3.3/lib/initializer.rb:622:inload_application_initializers' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rails-2.3.3/lib/initializer.rb:621:in each' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rails-2.3.3/lib/initializer.rb:621:inload_application_initializers' ... 19 levels... from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rack-1.0.1/lib/rack/builder.rb:29:in instance_eval' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rack-1.0.1/lib/rack/builder.rb:29:ininitialize' from /home/heroku_rack/heroku.ru:1:in `new' from /home/heroku_rack/heroku.ru:1 Do I need to push the gems..If so I tried git add .gems It also gives fatal error. any suggestion would be greatly appreciated.

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• How can I run Ruby specs and/or tests in MacVim without locking up MacVim?

  - by Henry

  About 6 months ago I switched from TextMate to MacVim for all of my development work, which primarily consists of coding in Ruby, Ruby on Rails and JavaScript. With TextMate, whenever I needed to run a spec or a test, I could just command+R on the test or spec file and another window would open and the results would be displayed with the 'pretty' format applied. If the spec or test was a lengthy one, I could just continue working with the codebase since the test/spec was running in a separate process/window. After the test ran, I could click through the results directly to the corresponding line in the spec file. Tim Pope's excellent rails.vim plugin comes very close to emulating this behavior within the MacVim environment. Running :Rake when the current buffer is a test or spec runs the file then splits the buffer to display the results. You can navigate through the results and key through to the corresponding spot in the file. The problem with the rails.vim approach is that it locks up the MacVim window while the test runs. This can be an issue with big apps that might have a lot of setup/teardown built into the tests. Also, the visual red/green html results that TextMate displays (via --format pretty, I'm assuming) is a bit easier to scan than the split window. This guy came close about 18 mos ago: http://cassiomarques.wordpress.com/2009/01/09/running-rspec-files-from-vim-showing-the-results-in-firefox/ The script he has worked with a bit of hacking, but the tests still ran within MacVim and locked up the current window. Any ideas on how to fully replicate the TextMate behavior described above in MacVim? Thanks!

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• How do you prevent Git from printing 'remote:' on each line of the output of a post-recieve hook?

  - by Matt Hodan

  I recently configured an EC2 instance with a Git deployment workflow that resembles Heroku, but I can't seem to figure out how Heroku prevents the Git post-receive hook from outputting 'remote:' on each line. Consider the following two examples (one from my EC2 project and one from a Heroku project): My EC2 project: git push prod master Counting objects: 9, done. Delta compression using up to 2 threads. Compressing objects: 100% (5/5), done. Writing objects: 100% (5/5), 456 bytes, done. Total 5 (delta 3), reused 0 (delta 0) remote: remote: Receiving push remote: Deploying updated files (by resetting HEAD) remote: HEAD is now at bf17da8 test commit remote: Running bundler to install gem dependencies remote: Fetching source index for http://rubygems.org/ remote: Installing rake (0.8.7) remote: Installing abstract (1.0.0) ... remote: Installing railties (3.0.0) remote: Installing rails (3.0.0) remote: Your bundle is complete! It was installed into ./.bundle/gems remote: Launching (by restarting Passenger)... done remote: To ssh://[email protected]/~/apps/app_name e8bd06f..bf17da8 master -> master Heroku: $> git push heroku master Counting objects: 179, done. Delta compression using up to 2 threads. Compressing objects: 100% (89/89), done. Writing objects: 100% (105/105), 42.70 KiB, done. Total 105 (delta 53), reused 0 (delta 0) -----> Heroku receiving push -----> Rails app detected -----> Gemfile detected, running Bundler version 1.0.3 Unresolved dependencies detected; Installing... Using --without development:test Fetching source index for http://rubygems.org/ Installing rake (0.8.7) Installing abstract (1.0.0) ... Installing railties (3.0.0) Installing rails (3.0.0) Your bundle is complete! It was installed into ./.bundle/gems Compiled slug size is 4.8MB -----> Launching... done http://your_app_name.heroku.com deployed to Heroku To [email protected]:your_app_name.git 3bf6e8d..642f01a master -> master

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• How to make ActionController::Base.asset_host and Base.relative_url_root independent?

  - by GSP

  In our Intranet environment we have a decree that common assets (stylesheets, images, etc) should be fed from Apache root while Rails apps runs from from a "sub directory" (a proxy to a Mongrel cluster). In other words: <%= stylesheet_tag '/common' %> # <link href="http://1.1.1.1/stylesheets/common.css" /> <%= link_to 'Home', :controller=>'home', :action=>'index' %> # <a href="http://1.1.1.1/myapp/" /> What I would like to do is define the assets and relative url in my configuration like this: ActionController::Base.asset_host=http://1.1.1.1 ActionController::Base.relative_url_root=/myapp But when I do this, the relative_url_root value gets appended to the asset_host value. (e.g. <link href="http://1.1.1.1/myapp/stylesheets/common.css"> ) Is there a way to stop this? And, more importantly, is there a best practice for how to deploy a rails app to an environment like this? (BTW, I don't want to simply hard code my asset paths since the development environment does not match the test and production environments.) Environment: Rails 2.3.4 Ruby 1.8.7 RedHat Linux 5.4?

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• Doing a DELETE request from <a> tag without constructing forms?

  - by Mike Trpcic

  Is there any way to force an <a href> to do a delete request when clicked instead of a regular GET? The "Rails" way is to dynamically generate a <form> tag that adds the appropriate params so that it gets routed to the right place, however I'm not too fond of that much DOM manipulation for such a simple task. I thought about going the route of something like: $("a.delete").click(function(){ var do_refresh = false; $.ajax({ type: "DELETE", url: "my/path/to/delete", success: function(){ do_refresh = true; }, failure: function(){ alert("There is an error"); } }); return do_return; //If this is false, no refresh would happen. If it //is true, it will do a page refresh. }); I'm not sure if the above AJAX stuff will work, as it's just theoretical. Is there any way to go about this? Note: Please don't recommend that I use the rails :method => :delete on link_to, as I'm trying to get away from using the rails helpers in many senses as they pollute your DOM with obtrusive javascript. I'd like this solution to be put in an external JS file and be included as needed.

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• Implementing an async "read all currently available data from stream" operation

  - by Jon

  I recently provided an answer to this question: C# - Realtime console output redirection. As often happens, explaining stuff (here "stuff" was how I tackled a similar problem) leads you to greater understanding and/or, as is the case here, "oops" moments. I realized that my solution, as implemented, has a bug. The bug has little practical importance, but it has an extremely large importance to me as a developer: I can't rest easy knowing that my code has the potential to blow up. Squashing the bug is the purpose of this question. I apologize for the long intro, so let's get dirty. I wanted to build a class that allows me to receive input from a console's standard output Stream. Console output streams are of type FileStream; the implementation can cast to that, if needed. There is also an associated StreamReader already present to leverage. There is only one thing I need to implement in this class to achieve my desired functionality: an async "read all the data available this moment" operation. Reading to the end of the stream is not viable because the stream will not end unless the process closes the console output handle, and it will not do that because it is interactive and expecting input before continuing. I will be using that hypothetical async operation to implement event-based notification, which will be more convenient for my callers. The public interface of the class is this: public class ConsoleAutomator { public event EventHandler<ConsoleOutputReadEventArgs> StandardOutputRead; public void StartSendingEvents(); public void StopSendingEvents(); } StartSendingEvents and StopSendingEvents do what they advertise; for the purposes of this discussion, we can assume that events are always being sent without loss of generality. The class uses these two fields internally: protected readonly StringBuilder inputAccumulator = new StringBuilder(); protected readonly byte[] buffer = new byte[256]; The functionality of the class is implemented in the methods below. To get the ball rolling: public void StartSendingEvents(); { this.stopAutomation = false; this.BeginReadAsync(); } To read data out of the Stream without blocking, and also without requiring a carriage return char, BeginRead is called: protected void BeginReadAsync() { if (!this.stopAutomation) { this.StandardOutput.BaseStream.BeginRead( this.buffer, 0, this.buffer.Length, this.ReadHappened, null); } } The challenging part: BeginRead requires using a buffer. This means that when reading from the stream, it is possible that the bytes available to read ("incoming chunk") are larger than the buffer. Remember that the goal here is to read all of the chunk and call event subscribers exactly once for each chunk. To this end, if the buffer is full after EndRead, we don't send its contents to subscribers immediately but instead append them to a StringBuilder. The contents of the StringBuilder are only sent back whenever there is no more to read from the stream. private void ReadHappened(IAsyncResult asyncResult) { var bytesRead = this.StandardOutput.BaseStream.EndRead(asyncResult); if (bytesRead == 0) { this.OnAutomationStopped(); return; } var input = this.StandardOutput.CurrentEncoding.GetString( this.buffer, 0, bytesRead); this.inputAccumulator.Append(input); if (bytesRead < this.buffer.Length) { this.OnInputRead(); // only send back if we 're sure we got it all } this.BeginReadAsync(); // continue "looping" with BeginRead } After any read which is not enough to fill the buffer (in which case we know that there was no more data to be read during the last read operation), all accumulated data is sent to the subscribers: private void OnInputRead() { var handler = this.StandardOutputRead; if (handler == null) { return; } handler(this, new ConsoleOutputReadEventArgs(this.inputAccumulator.ToString())); this.inputAccumulator.Clear(); } (I know that as long as there are no subscribers the data gets accumulated forever. This is a deliberate decision). The good This scheme works almost perfectly: Async functionality without spawning any threads Very convenient to the calling code (just subscribe to an event) Never more than one event for each time data is available to be read Is almost agnostic to the buffer size The bad That last almost is a very big one. Consider what happens when there is an incoming chunk with length exactly equal to the size of the buffer. The chunk will be read and buffered, but the event will not be triggered. This will be followed up by a BeginRead that expects to find more data belonging to the current chunk in order to send it back all in one piece, but... there will be no more data in the stream. In fact, as long as data is put into the stream in chunks with length exactly equal to the buffer size, the data will be buffered and the event will never be triggered. This scenario may be highly unlikely to occur in practice, especially since we can pick any number for the buffer size, but the problem is there. Solution? Unfortunately, after checking the available methods on FileStream and StreamReader, I can't find anything which lets me peek into the stream while also allowing async methods to be used on it. One "solution" would be to have a thread wait on a ManualResetEvent after the "buffer filled" condition is detected. If the event is not signaled (by the async callback) in a small amount of time, then more data from the stream will not be forthcoming and the data accumulated so far should be sent to subscribers. However, this introduces the need for another thread, requires thread synchronization, and is plain inelegant. Specifying a timeout for BeginRead would also suffice (call back into my code every now and then so I can check if there's data to be sent back; most of the time there will not be anything to do, so I expect the performance hit to be negligible). But it looks like timeouts are not supported in FileStream. Since I imagine that async calls with timeouts are an option in bare Win32, another approach might be to PInvoke the hell out of the problem. But this is also undesirable as it will introduce complexity and simply be a pain to code. Is there an elegant way to get around the problem? Thanks for being patient enough to read all of this. Update: I definitely did not communicate the scenario well in my initial writeup. I have since revised the writeup quite a bit, but to be extra sure: The question is about how to implement an async "read all the data available this moment" operation. My apologies to the people who took the time to read and answer without me making my intent clear enough.

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• Serial connection over a single USB cable (Windows to linux, or linux to linux)

  - by andyortlieb

  I'm helping out with a project for an embedded device that only has USB and no serial. This device is running Linux. These days, when we need to connect to a serial port on a device we typically use a USB to serial adapter (on something like a phone system or a load balancing device, etc). I would like to know if it is possible to have the host device behave as though it were a serial adapter, thus removing the need for one. Given the nature of USB, is this approach even necessary? To recap, I would like to be able to connect a single A-to-A USB cable from my workstation (be it windows or linux) to this device, for the purpose of administration (especially initial setup), using minicom, putty or hyperterminal. Thanks

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• Virtualbox two networks slow

  - by Petr Marek

  I am running an Ubuntu server guest on Win 7 guest, and am running a webrick server (RoR dev). If I have just a host-only network, everything works fine and the browser response is instant. However, if I add a second network (NAT), so that the server can connect to the internet (for various updates etc.), the host-to-guest access gets really slow. I can't use the bridge connection. I am using the port 3000 (RoR Webrick server) and connecting to the guest via internet browser on this port (eg http://192.168.56.102:3000). Any idea, what could be causing this? If I ping the IP from host console, I get < 0ms. Here are the settings (relevant info is in english; Povoleno vše is Everything is allowed):

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