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• Resize a RAID 1 volume on OS X Snow Leopard - how? (Note: software raid)

  - by Emmel

  I've scoured the Internet in search of an answer to this question, and as usual with OSX-related topics, I often don't find any deep-dive technical explanations sufficient enough to feel confident doing dangerous things. Here is my question: I have a Mac Pro, running OS X 10.6.2. I have, as my main root/boot disk, a RAID 1 volume called "Mirror1". Mirror1 is comprised of two 1 TB disks. Mirror1, however, is fixed at 640 GB. That's because, I originally took a 640GB disk, bought a terabyte disk, mirrored it (using diskutil appleraid enable), when it synced I removed the 640GB and replaced it with a second 1 TB disk, and synced again. Voila! A single 640 GB replaced by two 1 TB disks in a mirror.. Actually, no. There's still something missing from the equation: Mirror1 needs to be expanded from 640GB to 1 TB to match the partition sizes on each of those disks. How do I do this? Perhaps the diskutil output will help: -> diskutil list /dev/disk0 #: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER 0: GUID_partition_scheme *1.0 TB disk0 1: EFI 209.7 MB disk0s1 2: Apple_RAID 999.9 GB disk0s2 3: Apple_Boot Boot OSX 134.2 MB disk0s3 /dev/disk1 #: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER 0: GUID_partition_scheme *1.0 TB disk1 1: EFI 209.7 MB disk1s1 2: Apple_RAID 999.9 GB disk1s2 3: Apple_Boot Boot OSX 134.2 MB disk1s3 /dev/disk2 #: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER 0: GUID_partition_scheme *640.1 GB disk2 1: EFI 209.7 MB disk2s1 2: Apple_HFS Mac Disk 2 536.7 GB disk2s2 3: Microsoft Basic Data BOOTCAMP 103.1 GB disk2s3 /dev/disk3 #: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER 0: Apple_HFS Mirror1 *639.8 GB disk3 -> diskutil appleraid list AppleRAID sets (1 found) =============================================================================== Name: Macintosh HD Unique ID: 1953F864-B474-4EB6-8E69-41834EBD0247 Type: Mirror Status: Online Size: 639.8 GB (639791038464 Bytes) Rebuild: manual Device Node: disk3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Device Node UUID Status ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 disk1s2 25109BAE-5697-40EA-B612-0217851444F7 Online 1 disk0s2 11B83AB0-8148-4DB6-8761-DEF08C855F8D Online =============================================================================== Thanks in advance.

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• Allignment of ext3 partition on LVM RAID volume group

  - by John P

  I'm trying to add a partition on a LVM that resides on a RAID6 volume group and fdisk is complaining about the partition not residing on a physical sector boundry. My question is, how do you calculate the correct starting sector for a partition on a LVM? This partition will be formated ext3. Would it be better to just format the LVM directly instead of creating a new partition? Disk /dev/dedvol/backup: 2199.0 GB, 2199023255552 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 267349 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 1048576 bytes / 8388608 bytes Disk identifier: 0x4e428f49 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/dedvol/backup1 63 267349 2146982827+ 83 Linux Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary. lvdisplay /dev/dedvol/backup --- Logical volume --- LV Name /dev/dedvol/backup VG Name dedvol LV UUID OV2n5j-7LHb-exJL-t8dI-dU8A-2vxf-uIicCt LV Write Access read/write LV Status available # open 0 LV Size 2.00 TiB Current LE 524288 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 32768 Block device 253:1 vgdisplay dedvol --- Volume group --- VG Name dedvol System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 3 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 2 Open LV 1 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size 14.55 TiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 3815448 Alloc PE / Size 3670016 / 14.00 TiB Free PE / Size 145432 / 568.09 GiB VG UUID 8fBcOk-aXGx-P3Qy-VVpJ-0zK1-fQgy-Cb691J

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• VPN Client solution

  - by realtek

  I have several VPN's that I need to establish on a daily basis but from multiple workstations. What I would like to do it have either a server or vpn router that can perform this connection itself and that I can then route traffic through this device or server depending on the subnet I am trying to reach. The issue is that I only use VPN Clients to connect, so I am basically trying to achieve almost a site to site VPN but by using basically a VPN Client type connection from my network. The main VPN Client I use is the Sonicwall Global VPN Client where I initially use a Preshared Key and then it always prompts me for a username and password (not RSA key). My question is, is there any type of linux distro or even a hardware vpn router that can do this and connect to a Sonicwall device as if it were a client? I have tried pfSense which is very good but it fails to connect, probably due to a mismatch of settings. I have tried many others. Even dd-wrt on my router but it does not support whatever protocol Sonicwall uses. (I thought L2TP/IPSec) but it appears it may not be that. Any advice would be great! The other other thing I have thought of that I have not tried yet is Windows Server Routing and Remote Access but I have a feeling that won't work either. Thanks

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• No apparent reason for high load average

  - by Oz.

  We have several web servers running on Amazon (ec2) c1.xlarge, over Amazon AMI. The servers are duplicates of each other, running the exact same hardware and software. Each server spec is: 7 GB of memory 20 EC2 Compute Units (8 virtual cores with 2.5 EC2 Compute Units each) 1690 GB of instance storage 64-bit platform I/O Performance: High API name: c1.xlarge A couple of weeks ago we have run a yum upgrade on one of the servers. Starting on this upgrade the upgraded server started showing a high load average. Needless to say, we did not update the other servers and we can not do so until we understand the reason for this behavior. The strange thing is that when we compare the servers using top or iostat, we can not find the reason for the high load. Note that we have moved traffic from the "problematic" server to the others, which have made the "problematic" server less crowded in terms of requests, and still his load is higher. Do you have any idea what could it be, or where else can we check? Many thanks for the help! Oz. # # proper server # w command # 00:42:26 up 2 days, 19:54, 2 users, load average: 0.41, 0.48, 0.49 USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT pts/1 82.80.137.29 00:28 14:05 0.01s 0.01s -bash pts/2 82.80.137.29 00:38 0.00s 0.02s 0.00s w # # proper server # iostat command # Linux 3.2.12-3.2.4.amzn1.x86_64 _x86_64_ (8 CPU) avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 9.03 0.02 4.26 0.17 0.13 86.39 Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtn xvdap1 1.63 1.50 55.00 367236 13444008 xvdfp1 4.41 45.93 70.48 11227226 17228552 xvdfp2 2.61 2.01 59.81 491890 14620104 xvdfp3 8.16 14.47 94.23 3536522 23034376 xvdfp4 0.98 0.79 45.86 192818 11209784 # # problematic server # w command # 00:43:26 up 2 days, 21:52, 2 users, load average: 1.35, 1.10, 1.17 USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT pts/0 82.80.137.29 00:28 15:04 0.02s 0.02s -bash pts/1 82.80.137.29 00:38 0.00s 0.05s 0.00s w # # problematic server # iostat command # Linux 3.2.20-1.29.6.amzn1.x86_64 _x86_64_ (8 CPU) avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 7.97 0.04 3.43 0.19 0.07 88.30 Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtn xvdap1 2.10 1.49 76.54 374660 19253592 xvdfp1 5.64 40.98 85.92 10308946 21612112 xvdfp2 3.97 4.32 93.18 1087090 23439488 xvdfp3 10.87 30.30 115.14 7622474 28961720 xvdfp4 1.12 0.28 65.54 71034 16487112

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• Does btrfs balance also defragment files?

  - by pauldoo

  When I run btrfs filesystem balance, does this implicitly defragment files? I could imagine that balance simply reallocates each file extent separately, preserving the existing fragmentation. There is an FAQ entry, 'What does "balance" do?', which is unclear on this point: btrfs filesystem balance is an operation which simply takes all of the data and metadata on the filesystem, and re-writes it in a different place on the disks, passing it through the allocator algorithm on the way. It was originally designed for multi-device filesystems, to spread data more evenly across the devices (i.e. to "balance" their usage). This is particularly useful when adding new devices to a nearly-full filesystem. Due to the way that balance works, it also has some useful side-effects: If there is a lot of allocated but unused data or metadata chunks, a balance may reclaim some of that allocated space. This is the main reason for running a balance on a single-device filesystem. On a filesystem with damaged replication (e.g. a RAID-1 FS with a dead and removed disk), it will force the FS to rebuild the missing copy of the data on one of the currently active devices, restoring the RAID-1 capability of the filesystem.

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• (manually configured) kernel update leaves wireless in a mess

  - by Mala

  I recently upgraded my kernel from 2.6.31-gentoo-r6 to 2.6.32-gentoo-r7. In both cases, I configured everything manually. However, since the upgrade, my wireless card appears to be on the fritz. It will connect to networks just fine, and remain connected, but can only access the internet (and other hosts on the network) for about 3 seconds after connecting. Reconnecting to the network appears to fix the problem... for another 3 seconds or so. The problem is "solved" by booting into the older kernel. The relevant lspci entry is 02:00.0 Network controller: Intel Corporation PRO/Wireless 5300 AGN [Shiloh] Network Connection I'm pretty sure I have the correct drivers enabled in the kernel Device Drivers ---> Network device support ---> Wireless LAN (IEEE 802.11) ---> <*> Intel Wireless Wifi [*] Enable LED support in iwlagn and iwl3945 drivers [*] Enable Spectrum Measurement in iwlagn driver [*] Enable full debugging output in iwlagn and iwl3945 drivers <*> Intel Wireless WiFi Next Gen AGN (iwlagn) [*] Intel Wireless WiFi 4965AGN [*] Intel Wireless WiFi 5000AGN; Intel WiFi Link 1000, 6000, and 6050 Series I tried with the other intel drivers enabled as well (iwl3945) and no difference. Is there something stupid I'm missing? Is there something I have to recompile after upgrading the kernel (a la nvidia)? Thanks Mala

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• Where is my problem? The P6X58D Premium Mobo, Windows 7, or other?

  - by Dylan Yaga

  I was having problems with my USB devices for an hour last night, and I am unable to determine the root cause of the problem. The two symptoms are: At seemingly random times (not consistently spaced by time or caused by any detectable event) my USB devices become "detached". Windows will play the USB disconnect sound and then the reconnect sound. The devices disconnected and then reconnected. My USB Keyboard will "stick" on one key for several seconds before processing any other keystroke made. The mouse also does not respond to clicks. I do not lose mouse movement or USB device connectivity. And after a moment of this several beeps will be emitted from the speakers. Hardware Specs: GFX Card: EVGA GeForce GTX 470 Superclocked 1280MB DDR5 PCIe Motherboard: ASUS P6X58D Premium Intel X58 Socket LGA1366 MB Processor: Intel Core i7-920 2.66Ghz 8M LGA1366 CPU Memory: Corsair Dominator 6144MB PC12800 DDR3 Storage: Hitachi 1TB Serial ATA HD 1600MHz 7200/32MB/SATA-3G Cooling: Corsair Hydro H50 CPU Liquid Cooler Case: Corsair Obsidian 800D Full Tower Case Power Supply: Corsair HX1000W 1000W Modular Power Supply Steps I have taken to narrow down the problem: Restarted the computer. - No change Changed USB port the Hub was connected to on the CPU. - No change Removed all devices from USB Hub and connected directly to CPU. - No change Used a different USB keyboard both in USB Hub and directly to CPU. - No change Disconnected and reconnected all cables. - No change Disassembled the Tower and determined if the USB headers were firmly connected. - No change Checked device manager for errors. Checked all USB devices. - Nothing flagged After an hour of frustration trying to narrow down the problem it appeared to disappear. But I am torn between it being a Mobo problem or an OS problem. Is there anything else I can do to narrow down the problem before a reformat and then eventually exchanging the Mobo?

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• How do you change a Cisco ASA 5510 management interface?

  - by Sam Sanders

  I want to add a redundant interface to my Cisco ASA 5510. The management interface is currently using Ethernet0/1 (10.1.25.254/24) one of the interface I want to use for the redundant interfaces. So I wanted to setup Management0/0 as the new management interface. The other interface I want to use is Ethernet0/2 (10.1.0.254/24) for the redundant interface. The Ethernet0/3 (10.1.251.5/24) interface is not going to be part of the redundant interface. I gave the Management0/0 an IP address of 10.1.254.5, and was able to connect a win7 box to Management0/0 and use 10.1.254.5 as a gateway; and ping another address on the (10.1.251.0/24) network, but I can't ping the interface (10.1.254.5) itself. I also can't use ASDM/SSH to log onto the ASA at 10.1.254.5. I setup rules in Configuration Device Management Management Access ASDM/HTTPS/Telnet/SSH. That look like the original rules for the Ethernet0/1 interface. The last thing I can think to try would be to change the Configuration Device Management Management Access Management Interface. I'm a bit nervous about changing it, the description of it is a bit vague. What it's going to do if I change it? What is the correct way to change a management interface?

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• Dell Driver Support for Latitude E6320 Windows 7 Enterprise

  - by IamPolaris

  I recently did a reinstall of Windows 7 Enterprise on a Dell Latitude E6320, which is a 64 bit system. After the install process, and doing typical Windows Update stuff, I looked at my Device Manager and found that I had devices which were missing drivers. My missing drivers: After going to the Dell Support site and looking at the files, and doing some sleuthing I found the following support document: http://downloads.dell.com/utility/Latitude%20E-Family%20%20Mobile%20Precision%20Re-Image%20How-To%20Guide%20-%20A03%20Rev%203%200.pdf This document hints in appendix C that the Broadcom USH is the Control Point Security and the Unknown device is Micro freefall sensor. The network controller is my wireless, as I cannot connect wirelessly, and the final missing driver I am not sure. Attempting to install the control point security exe on the support page will not work. After downloading, I am given the message that I am attempting to install a 32 bit driver on a 64 bit machine EVEN THOUGH I selected the win7 64 bit option from the support page. Beyond that, some of the drivers (Which are confusing to read and hard to understand what they do) and the system utilities which are supposedly supposed to make this process simpler will either a) not run because they are 32 bit exe's or b) the support page cannot find the file attempted to download. Is there anything I can do to get (at the very least) my wireless running, but idealistically all of my drivers. A solution which assumes Dell is completely incompetent would be ideal. :P Some forums have said that I should download the chipset driver, others say to get the system utility file (DSS_UTIL_WIN_R282536.EXE). I have had no luck as of yet...

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• Why does my exchange message filtering rule not work?

  - by Jon Cage

  I have two rules set up to sort incoming bug reports. The first is specific to a single device: Apply this rule after the message arrives sent to SMS Distribution and with <source_device_number>: in the body move it to the BugReports\<source_device_number> folder ..and the second is a catch-all for everything else: Apply this rule after the message arrives sent to SMS Distribution move it to the BugReports folder For some reason though, the first rule never seems to act even though it's higher in the list. So for some reason an email like the following doesn't seem to get caught by the first rule: From: <SourceDeviceUID> To: SMS Distributor Subject: Message from <SourceDeviceUID> Message: <source_device_number>: Device encountered a problem. Details below... ...where <source_device_number> is an integer. The second rule works fine. But for some high-priority devices, I want them automatically sorted. Why might that first rule fail?

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• External SATA drive does not work without the optional USB cable *also* connected

  - by Software Monkey

  I have Vantec NST-260SU external eSATA/USB drive enclosure (which came with an optional separate power supply) connected to a relatively new Windows 7 computer. The drive should work as a SATA drive with either the separate power supply or using a USB cable solely for power. I would prefer to use the external power supply because I have used all my rear USB ports. Now, if I connect both the eSATA and USB cable, then: The drive shows in the BIOS list of AHCI drives (and not in the list of attached USB devices). Everything I can see about it in Computer Management seems to show it as a SATA driver (for example, it shows as "Location 0 (Channel 5, Target 0, Lun 0)" like my other SATA drives (and not "on USB Mass Storage Device" like my USB flash-drives). It seems very fast, very much faster than my USB flash drives. However, if I disconnect the USB cable and attach the power adapter instead, the drive does not show in the BIOS list and cannot be seen by Windows. The power LED on the enclosure is lit, and the drive enclosure becomes warm after running for a bit, so I am sure it is receiving power. Does anyone know if this device requires both the USB and eSATA cable, and if so, why? Or is there possibly something I need to do to reset the enclosure to not need the USB - the install instructions are pretty clear that you must connect the SATA cable before connecting the USB cable in order for the drive to function as SATA, which I am sure I did. PS: I have reviewed the small manual which came with it, which has not been of help.

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• Laptop Randomly Turning On and Off

  - by Ian Mallett

  So, I have a pretty new laptop, and one of its quirks is that, at random times (though typically in the middle of the night), it seems to wake up from sleep mode, churn a bit, and then go back into sleep mode. I write "seems" because its fans are very loud, so it's obvious when it's not asleep, but during the time it is "on", I can't see anything on the screen. I have researched the problem somewhat, and could only find similar issues; nothing identical. In those cases, it appeared that certain devices could be responsible. Nothing is plugged into my computer during this behavior, but I nonetheless disabled every device's permission to wake the computer through the device manager. This included disabling the magic packet wake for the network (despite its only having a wireless connection). Using "powercfg /lastwake" gives an empty wake history. But, I also went through all the tasks and checked if they would wake the computer. None appeared to. The problem persisted, so, after some more research, I found this, and executed it for all power schemes on the computer. The problem persists. System: OS: Windows 7 Professional CPU: Intel 990X GPU: NVIDIA GeForce 580M/12GB RAM Motherboard: Clevo X7200 Model: NP7282-S1 (Sager-built laptop)

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• How can I format an SD card with a more robust Linux-usable filesystem with a specific cluster size for better write performace?

  - by Harvey

  Goal: microSD card formatted... for best write performance for use only with embedded Linux for better reliability (random power failures may occur) using an 64kB cluster size I'm using an 8GB microSD card for data storage inside an embedded Linux/ARM device. The SD card is not removable. I've been using ext3 instead of the pre-installed FAT32 because it seems to better handle random power failures during writes. However, I kept noticing that my write performance is always best with the pre-installed FAT32 from Kingston. If I reformat the card with FAT32, the performance still suffers. After browsing wikipedia, I stumbled upon the following comment saying that some cards are optimized for specific cluster sizes. In my case, the Kingston comes pre-formatted for an 64kB cluster size. Risks of reformatting Reformatting an SD card with a different file system, or even with the same one, may make the card slower, or shorten its lifespan. Some cards use wear leveling, in which frequently modified blocks are mapped to different portions of memory at different times, and some wear-leveling algorithms are designed for the access patterns typical of the file allocation table on a FAT16 or FAT32 device.[60] In addition, the preformatted file system may use a cluster size that matches the erase region of the physical memory on the card; reformatting may change the cluster size and make writes less efficient.

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• Should tripwire be entering /proc?

  - by dsadinoff

  When initializing the db with tripwire --init it spat out a bunch of errors pertaining to /proc: ### Warning: File system error. ### Filename: /proc/16982/fd/4 ### No such file or directory ### Continuing... ### Warning: File system error. ### Filename: /proc/16982/fdinfo/4 ### No such file or directory ### Continuing... ### Warning: File system error. ### Filename: /proc/16982/task/16982/fd/4 ### No such file or directory ### Continuing... ### Warning: File system error. ### Filename: /proc/16982/task/16982/fdinfo/4 ### No such file or directory ### Continuing... ### Warning: Duplicate object encountered. ### /proc/sys/net/ipv6/neigh This feels like noise. The twpol.txt file has the following clause: # # Critical devices # ( rulename = "Devices & Kernel information", severity = $(SIG_HI), ) { /dev -> $(Device) ; /proc -> $(Device) ; } Which, if I understand it right, is going to cause tripwire to care deeply about the entire contents of /proc. Shouldn't it just care about the static parts of /proc like the drivers and such, and not the per-pid stuff? Why does it ship like this?

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• DRBD setup problem

  - by cuthieu

  I'm so new to DRBD, please help me fixing the problem below. Enclosed my drbd.conf. Many thanks [root@skonkwerks1 ~]# drbdadm create-md all open(/dev/hdb3) failed: No such file or directory Command 'drbdmeta /dev/drbd0 v08 /dev/hdb3 internal create-md' terminated with exit code 20 drbdsetup exited with code 20 [root@skonkwerks1 ~]# vi /etc/drbd.conf global { usage-count no; } resource repdata { protocol C; startup { wfc-timeout 0; degr-wfc-timeout 120; } disk { on-io-error detach; } # or panic # net { cram-hmac-alg "hdd1"; shared-secret "testing"; } syncer { rate 10M; } on skonkwerks1 { device /dev/drbd0; disk /dev/hdb1; address 172.29.156.1:7788; meta-disk internal; } on skonkwerks2 { device /dev/drbd0; disk /dev/hdb1; address 172.29.156.2:7788; meta-disk internal; } }

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• Asus K50I sound issues

  - by MrStatic

  I have an Asus K50IJ (Bestbuy) laptop and have issues with my sound. Speakers themselves work fine but when I plug into the headphone jack it auto mutes the front channel and no sounds comes out of either the speakers or the headphones. If I then unmute the channel I get sound from both the speakers and the headphones. alsamixer shows the Headphone channel as all grayed out. /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf I have tried snd-hda-intel model="asus-laptop" and snd-hda-intel model="asus" In Sound Preferences I have gone to output and changed the Connector to 'Analog Headphones' that results in no sound from either speakers or headphones. As one forum suggested I tried to comment out blacklist snd_pcsp in the blacklist.conf which resulted in no change. lspci -v shows: 00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation 82801I (ICH9 Family) HD Audio Controller (rev 03) Subsystem: Santa Cruz Operation Device 1043 Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 45 Memory at fe9f4000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K] Capabilities: [50] Power Management version 2 Capabilities: [60] MSI: Enable+ Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit+ Capabilities: [70] Express Root Complex Integrated Endpoint, MSI 00 Capabilities: [100] Virtual Channel Capabilities: [130] Root Complex Link Kernel driver in use: HDA Intel Kernel modules: snd-hda-intel

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• Can't Configure IBM 8275-416 Switch Via Serial

  - by Sean M

  I am attempting to configure an IBM 8275-416 switch (I found a manual here) via serial connection. However, when I connect with HyperTerminal, the output contains a lot of garbage characters. It's pretty much unusable, because there's enough layout-breaking text-gunk that it's very difficult to determine what's actually being displayed. . I was able to reset the switch to factory defaults via the terminal interface, so I know that it's not entirely broken. It also performs basic functions all right (i.e., you plug in clients and Ethernet cables - they can connect to clients plugged into other ports) - but I'd like it to do more than that (VLANs yay). I don't know if its in-band UI is operational or not, because I can't get the terminal interface to behave well enough to properly turn on the web/SNMP UI. So that's not available. Things I've tried: - Changing the encoding: HyperTerminal lets me choose between Standard JIS and Shift-JIS. Neither setting fixes the issue. - Checking emulation settings: The manual demands VT100, 19200 baud, 8 data bits, and such: I have faithfully applied these settings, both in HyperTerminal's settings and in the properties of the COM1 port in Device Manager (connecting from a Windows machine). - Restoring to factory defaults: See above. Things that it could be, but that seem unlikely: - Cabling: Couldn't find a proper null-modem cable, so used two 232-to-RJ45 adapters. But if it was a problem with the cable, wouldn't it be more likely to not connect or do input at all, rather than just garble the text? Since I was actually able to perform the reset-to-factory defaults operation, I don't think it's this. - Device as a whole broken: It is a decade and change old, so it's possible that it's just dying slowly. Again, though, it seems like there would be more symptoms than just garbled text in the terminal. What else can I try to get a sane interface to this switch?

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• How to re-add a RAID-10 failed drive on Ubuntu?

  - by thiesdiggity

  I have a problem that I can't seem to solve. We have a Ubuntu server setup with RAID-10 and two of the drives dropped out of the array. When I try to re-add them using the following command: mdadm --manage --re-add /dev/md2 /dev/sdc1 I get the following error message: mdadm: Cannot open /dev/sdc1: Device or resource busy When I do a "cat /proc/mdstat" I get the following: Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [r$ md2 : active raid10 sdb1[0] sdd1[3] 1953519872 blocks 64K chunks 2 near-copies [4/2] [U__U] md1 : active raid1 sda2[0] sdc2[1] 468853696 blocks [2/2] [UU] md0 : active raid1 sda1[0] sdc1[1] 19530688 blocks [2/2] [UU] unused devices: <none> When I run "/sbin/mdadm --detail /dev/md2" I get the following: /dev/md2: Version : 00.90 Creation Time : Mon Sep 5 23:41:13 2011 Raid Level : raid10 Array Size : 1953519872 (1863.02 GiB 2000.40 GB) Used Dev Size : 976759936 (931.51 GiB 1000.20 GB) Raid Devices : 4 Total Devices : 2 Preferred Minor : 2 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Thu Oct 25 09:25:08 2012 State : active, degraded Active Devices : 2 Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 Layout : near=2, far=1 Chunk Size : 64K UUID : c6d87d27:aeefcb2e:d4453e2e:0b7266cb Events : 0.6688691 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 17 0 active sync /dev/sdb1 1 0 0 1 removed 2 0 0 2 removed 3 8 49 3 active sync /dev/sdd1 Output of df -h is: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/md1 441G 2.0G 416G 1% / none 32G 236K 32G 1% /dev tmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /dev/shm none 32G 112K 32G 1% /var/run none 32G 0 32G 0% /var/lock none 32G 0 32G 0% /lib/init/rw tmpfs 64G 215M 63G 1% /mnt/vmware none 441G 2.0G 416G 1% /var/lib/ureadahead/debugfs /dev/mapper/RAID10VG-RAID10LV 1.8T 139G 1.6T 8% /mnt/RAID10 When I do a "fdisk -l" I can see all the drives needed for the RAID-10. The RAID-10 is part of the /dev/mapper, could that be the reason why the device is coming back as busy? Anyone have any suggestions on what I can try to get the drives back into the array? Any help would be greatly appreciated. Thanks!

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• Is this hard disk dead?

  - by Korjavin Ivan

  Not sure, is this right site for this Q, but let me try Last time i have problem with hard disk. Sometimes its do strange sound, and i get it from logs: $dmesg | grep ata4 [29409.945516] ata4.00: exception Emask 0x10 SAct 0xf SErr 0x90202 action 0xe frozen [29409.945529] ata4.00: irq_stat 0x00400000, PHY RDY changed [29409.945538] ata4: SError: { RecovComm Persist PHYRdyChg 10B8B } [29409.945546] ata4.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED [29409.945562] ata4.00: cmd 60/30:00:56:22:5f/00:00:00:00:00/40 tag 0 ncq 24576 in [29409.945573] ata4.00: status: { DRDY } [29409.945580] ata4.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED [29409.945594] ata4.00: cmd 60/18:08:8e:22:5f/00:00:00:00:00/40 tag 1 ncq 12288 in [29409.945605] ata4.00: status: { DRDY } [29409.945611] ata4.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED [29409.945625] ata4.00: cmd 60/08:10:46:02:66/00:00:00:00:00/40 tag 2 ncq 4096 in [29409.945635] ata4.00: status: { DRDY } [29409.945641] ata4.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED [29409.945656] ata4.00: cmd 60/80:18:ee:04:66/00:00:00:00:00/40 tag 3 ncq 65536 in [29409.945666] ata4.00: status: { DRDY } [29409.945679] ata4: hard resetting link [29413.976083] ata4: softreset failed (device not ready) [29413.976097] ata4: applying SB600 PMP SRST workaround and retrying [29414.148070] ata4: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300) [29414.184986] ata4.00: SB600 AHCI: limiting to 255 sectors per cmd [29414.243280] ata4.00: SB600 AHCI: limiting to 255 sectors per cmd [29414.243292] ata4.00: configured for UDMA/133 [29414.243324] ata4: EH complete [680674.804563] ata4: exception Emask 0x50 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x90a02 action 0xe frozen [680674.804575] ata4: irq_stat 0x00400000, PHY RDY changed [680674.804584] ata4: SError: { RecovComm Persist HostInt PHYRdyChg 10B8B } [680674.804603] ata4: hard resetting link [680678.840561] ata4: softreset failed (device not ready) Is this ata4 sata hard drive dead? Must i change it ASAP ? Need I specify more info?

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• Unable to sync iPod Touch with my PC

  - by alex

  I'm trying to sync a first gen iPod Touch to my PC running Windows 7 64 bit. The problem is that whenever I connect the iPod, iTunes completely freezes (if I start iTunes after connecting the iPod it will simply hang until it's physically disconnected from the PC). I reinstalled iTunes thinking that it had been corrupted, but without any luck. I've had this problem with all the latest versions of iTunes. I've also tried using MediaMonkey and DoubleTwist. None of these apps see the iPod as being connected; DoubleTwist also freezes, just like iTunes. The really strange thing is that I was able to sync the iPod with this PC a while back, but I now seem to have lost that ability. I don't know what changed. Windows detects the device every time it's plugged in (I can see it in Device Manager and I can browse all photos on iPod as if it were a camera). Also, I can sync it to iTunes on Mac OS X without any major problems.

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• Is there a better way to do bonded vlan tagged interfaces with XEN

  - by AJ01

  We have a number of XEN servers all running CentOS or RHEL. The VM's that they run are all required to be on their own VLAN for no other reason than the customer expects them to be. Long story short however, I can't change this right now. We are also required to have bonding enabled on the interfaces. So to accommodat this we enslave eth1 and eth2 to bond0. We then create a seperate interface called bond0.VLANID where VLANID corresponds to the correct vlan; eg ifcfg-bond0.204 DEVICE=bond0.204 BOOTPROTO=static ONBOOT=yes VLAN=yes BRIDGE=xenvlan204 Bridge to XEN As you will see, we eventually have to bridge this out to XEN, and we do this by adding another interface called xenvlan204 (in this instance) which contains; ifcfg-xenvlan204 DEVICE=xenvlan204 BOOTPROTO=none ONBOOT=yes TYPE=bridge XEN Vm Config Finally in our XEN config for each VM, we add vif = [ "bridge=xenvlan204" ] This then allows the vm host to access that particular vlan The Problem We've noticed a few problems with this setup. One being that we currently create the interfaces manually. Which means if we add more vlan enabled interfaces and bridges we usually have to restart xend which is something I'm not so hot about. Also lower level staff have their heads melted by the number of interfaces and the risk of a mistake occurring is high. Secondly, it can take sometime for a host to come up if it has a number of vlan taged interfaces. Thirdly, its just not scaling well on the management aspects The Question Is there a better more flexible way to do this (in particular with Xen that ships with centos 5.3, 5.4 and 5.5 as we have to support all three) that leverages either scripting or other solutions to allow an arbitrary amount of interfaces to be created when a vm is instanced. Your advise and expertise is more that welcomed.

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• Connection to Google, Yahoo, Bing, Ask, etc. compromised via all devices on my home network - How?

  - by jt0dd

  I'm a very computer savvy guy (although not very networking savvy), and I may still be wrong about this, but I think my home network may be compromised somehow. I'd like to know if it's possible for someone to have hijacked my network's connection to Google.com and other popular websites. Update: The issue seems to take effect with all popular websites. I can connect to small (non-popular) websites without issue, but Facebook, Google, Yahoo, and Bing cannot be accessed by any device on my home network. On all devices using my home network, I'm being shown http://www.google.com WARNING! Internet Explorer is currently out of date. Please update to continue. when I attempt to connect to google.com. I wouldn't be surprised by this at all if it were just the laptop. It's the fact that this is happening on all devices on my network that confuses me. Here's the screenshot from my iPhone, for reference. Can my home network be compromised? Is that even possible? How can something like this happen across all platforms on all devices in the same way? I wouldn't imagine every device / platform on the network would get the same virus. Should I assume that my network's security is totally compromised? Update: All mobile devices and laptops on my home network are experiencing the same alert when attempting to connect to google.com.

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• How to set TV-out options under Linux of an Geforce 9600 GT video card

  - by polemon

  I'm using the TV-out connector of my Geforce 9600 GT to connect it to an old TV set. It's obviously in Composite mode, the other two cables of Component video are dead, only Pb/VIDEO labeled one gives me a signal. The picture appears black/white on the TV, I presume it's because the video card gives me an NTSC signal, but it's a PAL tv set. How do I change the TV-out from NTSC to PAL? My Component to SCART adapter hasn't arrived yet, but I think I should be able to set manually, whether the signal should be Composite or Component. How do I switch modes of the TV-out, between Component and Composite? I'm running Linux, so it's probably some settings I need to make in xorg.conf. Edit: I got this far: I need to set in the "Device" section of my xorg.conf: Option "TVStandard" "PAL-B" Option "TVOutFormat" "COMPOSITE" The whole section looks like this now: Section "Device" Identifier "Device0" Driver "nvidia" VendorName "NVIDIA Corporation" BoardName "GeForce 9600 GT" Option "AddARGBGLXVisuals" "True" Option "TVStandard" "PAL-B" Option "TVOutFormat" "COMPOSITE" EndSection How can I list all available settings for "TVStandard" and "TVOutFormat"?

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• After connecting wlan0 to bridge interface (and then removing it), can't connect to AP

  - by gmonk

  I'm on a laptop running Debian Jessie with kernel 3.13-1-amd64; lspci shows that my wireless NIC + driver is 04:00.0 Network controller: Intel Corporation Wireless 3160 (rev 83) Subsystem: Intel Corporation Dual Band Wireless-AC 3160 Kernel driver in use: iwlwifi This has been working without any problems, until I tried creating a bridge for lxc containers to use. I did the same thing as this person here: How-to set up a network bridge on a laptop for LXC use? -- and ended up having the same problem as this poster did, so I decided to "undo" my actions. This hasn't been successful. Actions taken so far: To configure the bridge: #> ip link add type veth #> iw dev wlan0 set 4addr on #> ifconfig veth0 up #> brctl addbr br0 #> brctl addif br0 wlan0 #> brctl addif br0 veth0 #> ifconfig br0 192.168.0.4/24 #> ifconfig wlan0 0.0.0.0 To "deconfigure": #> brctl delif br0 wlan0 #> brctl delif br0 veth0 #> iw dev wlan0 set 4addr off #> ifconfig veth0 down #> ifconfig wlan0 down #> ifconfig br0 down #> brctl delbr br0 Now, dmesg and /var/log/syslog show repeated attempts at connecting to the AP that was working before, which fail after authentication: May 27 09:16:01 myhostname kernel: [11350.757172] wlan0: authenticate with 00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 May 27 09:16:01 myhostname kernel: [11350.759036] wlan0: send auth to 00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 (try 1/3) May 27 09:16:01 myhostname NetworkManager[13992]: <info> (wlan0): supplicant interface state: scanning -> authenticating May 27 09:16:01 myhostname wpa_supplicant[8946]: wlan0: Trying to associate with 00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 (SSID='myaccesspoint' freq=2437 MHz) May 27 09:16:01 myhostname kernel: [11350.762615] wlan0: authenticated May 27 09:16:01 myhostname kernel: [11350.762753] iwlwifi 0000:04:00.0 wlan0: disabling HT as WMM/QoS is not supported by the AP May 27 09:16:01 myhostname kernel: [11350.762755] iwlwifi 0000:04:00.0 wlan0: disabling VHT as WMM/QoS is not supported by the AP May 27 09:16:01 myhostname kernel: [11350.765080] wlan0: associate with 00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 (try 1/3) May 27 09:16:01 myhostname NetworkManager[13992]: <info> (wlan0): supplicant interface state: authenticating -> associating May 27 09:16:01 myhostname kernel: [11350.767474] wlan0: RX AssocResp from 00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 (capab=0x411 status=12 aid=0) May 27 09:16:01 myhostname kernel: [11350.767476] wlan0: 00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 denied association (code=12) May 27 09:16:01 myhostname wpa_supplicant[8946]: wlan0: CTRL-EVENT-ASSOC-REJECT bssid=00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 status_code=12 May 27 09:16:01 myhostname kernel: [11350.788475] wlan0: deauthenticating from 00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 by local choice (reason=3) May 27 09:16:01 myhostname NetworkManager[13992]: <info> (wlan0): supplicant interface state: associating -> disconnected May 27 09:16:01 myhostname NetworkManager[13992]: <info> (wlan0): supplicant interface state: disconnected -> scanning May 27 09:16:02 myhostname dhclient: DHCPDISCOVER on wlan0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 14 May 27 09:16:04 myhostname wpa_supplicant[8946]: wlan0: SME: Trying to authenticate with 00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 (SSID='myaccesspoint' freq=2437 MHz) May 27 09:16:04 myhostname kernel: [11354.559579] wlan0: authenticate with 00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 May 27 09:16:04 myhostname kernel: [11354.561458] wlan0: send auth to 00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 (try 1/3) May 27 09:16:04 myhostname wpa_supplicant[8946]: wlan0: Trying to associate with 00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 (SSID='myaccesspoint' freq=2437 MHz) May 27 09:16:04 myhostname NetworkManager[13992]: <info> (wlan0): supplicant interface state: scanning -> associating May 27 09:16:04 myhostname kernel: [11354.563445] wlan0: authenticated May 27 09:16:04 myhostname kernel: [11354.563631] iwlwifi 0000:04:00.0 wlan0: disabling HT as WMM/QoS is not supported by the AP May 27 09:16:04 myhostname kernel: [11354.563633] iwlwifi 0000:04:00.0 wlan0: disabling VHT as WMM/QoS is not supported by the AP May 27 09:16:04 myhostname kernel: [11354.565727] wlan0: associate with 00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 (try 1/3) May 27 09:16:04 myhostname wpa_supplicant[8946]: wlan0: Associated with 00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 May 27 09:16:04 myhostname kernel: [11354.568091] wlan0: RX AssocResp from 00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 (capab=0x411 status=0 aid=9) May 27 09:16:04 myhostname kernel: [11354.569030] wlan0: associated May 27 09:16:04 myhostname NetworkManager[13992]: <info> (wlan0): supplicant interface state: associating -> associated May 27 09:16:05 myhostname kernel: [11354.978204] wlan0: deauthenticated from 00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 (Reason: 15) May 27 09:16:05 myhostname wpa_supplicant[8946]: wlan0: CTRL-EVENT-DISCONNECTED bssid=00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 reason=15 May 27 09:16:05 myhostname kernel: [11354.992729] cfg80211: Calling CRDA to update world regulatory domain May 27 09:16:05 myhostname kernel: [11354.995004] cfg80211: World regulatory domain updated: May 27 09:16:05 myhostname kernel: [11354.995005] cfg80211: (start_freq - end_freq @ bandwidth), (max_antenna_gain, max_eirp) May 27 09:16:05 myhostname kernel: [11354.995006] cfg80211: (2402000 KHz - 2472000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (N/A, 2000 mBm) May 27 09:16:05 myhostname kernel: [11354.995007] cfg80211: (2457000 KHz - 2482000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (N/A, 2000 mBm) May 27 09:16:05 myhostname kernel: [11354.995007] cfg80211: (2474000 KHz - 2494000 KHz @ 20000 KHz), (N/A, 2000 mBm) May 27 09:16:05 myhostname kernel: [11354.995008] cfg80211: (5170000 KHz - 5250000 KHz @ 80000 KHz), (N/A, 2000 mBm) May 27 09:16:05 myhostname kernel: [11354.995009] cfg80211: (5735000 KHz - 5835000 KHz @ 80000 KHz), (N/A, 2000 mBm) May 27 09:16:05 myhostname kernel: [11354.995010] cfg80211: (57240000 KHz - 63720000 KHz @ 2160000 KHz), (N/A, 0 mBm) May 27 09:16:05 myhostname NetworkManager[13992]: <info> (wlan0): supplicant interface state: associated -> disconnected May 27 09:16:05 myhostname NetworkManager[13992]: <info> (wlan0): supplicant interface state: disconnected -> scanning May 27 09:16:09 myhostname wpa_supplicant[8946]: wlan0: SME: Trying to authenticate with 00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 (SSID='myaccesspoint' freq=2437 MHz) May 27 09:16:09 myhostname kernel: [11358.763968] wlan0: authenticate with 00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 May 27 09:16:09 myhostname kernel: [11358.765796] wlan0: send auth to 00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 (try 1/3) May 27 09:16:09 myhostname NetworkManager[13992]: <info> (wlan0): supplicant interface state: scanning -> authenticating May 27 09:16:09 myhostname wpa_supplicant[8946]: wlan0: Trying to associate with 00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 (SSID='myaccesspoint' freq=2437 MHz) May 27 09:16:09 myhostname kernel: [11358.769957] wlan0: authenticated May 27 09:16:09 myhostname kernel: [11358.770102] iwlwifi 0000:04:00.0 wlan0: disabling HT as WMM/QoS is not supported by the AP May 27 09:16:09 myhostname kernel: [11358.770104] iwlwifi 0000:04:00.0 wlan0: disabling VHT as WMM/QoS is not supported by the AP May 27 09:16:09 myhostname kernel: [11358.770846] wlan0: associate with 00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 (try 1/3) May 27 09:16:09 myhostname kernel: [11358.773358] wlan0: RX AssocResp from 00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 (capab=0x411 status=12 aid=0) May 27 09:16:09 myhostname kernel: [11358.773361] wlan0: 00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 denied association (code=12) May 27 09:16:09 myhostname NetworkManager[13992]: <info> (wlan0): supplicant interface state: authenticating -> associating May 27 09:16:09 myhostname wpa_supplicant[8946]: wlan0: CTRL-EVENT-ASSOC-REJECT bssid=00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 status_code=12 May 27 09:16:09 myhostname kernel: [11358.802187] wlan0: deauthenticating from 00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 by local choice (reason=3) May 27 09:16:09 myhostname NetworkManager[13992]: <info> (wlan0): supplicant interface state: associating -> disconnected May 27 09:16:09 myhostname NetworkManager[13992]: <info> (wlan0): supplicant interface state: disconnected -> scanning May 27 09:16:12 myhostname wpa_supplicant[8946]: wlan0: SME: Trying to authenticate with 00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 (SSID='myaccesspoint' freq=2437 MHz) May 27 09:16:12 myhostname kernel: [11362.573442] wlan0: authenticate with 00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 May 27 09:16:12 myhostname kernel: [11362.575270] wlan0: send auth to 00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 (try 1/3) May 27 09:16:12 myhostname NetworkManager[13992]: <info> (wlan0): supplicant interface state: scanning -> authenticating May 27 09:16:12 myhostname wpa_supplicant[8946]: wlan0: Trying to associate with 00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 (SSID='myaccesspoint' freq=2437 MHz) May 27 09:16:12 myhostname kernel: [11362.580334] wlan0: authenticated May 27 09:16:12 myhostname kernel: [11362.580503] iwlwifi 0000:04:00.0 wlan0: disabling HT as WMM/QoS is not supported by the AP May 27 09:16:12 myhostname kernel: [11362.580516] iwlwifi 0000:04:00.0 wlan0: disabling VHT as WMM/QoS is not supported by the AP May 27 09:16:12 myhostname kernel: [11362.583508] wlan0: associate with 00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 (try 1/3) May 27 09:16:12 myhostname NetworkManager[13992]: <info> (wlan0): supplicant interface state: authenticating -> associating May 27 09:16:12 myhostname wpa_supplicant[8946]: wlan0: Associated with 00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 May 27 09:16:12 myhostname kernel: [11362.585908] wlan0: RX AssocResp from 00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 (capab=0x411 status=0 aid=9) May 27 09:16:12 myhostname kernel: [11362.586781] wlan0: associated May 27 09:16:12 myhostname NetworkManager[13992]: <info> (wlan0): supplicant interface state: associating -> associated May 27 09:16:13 myhostname kernel: [11362.947693] wlan0: deauthenticated from 00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 (Reason: 15) May 27 09:16:13 myhostname wpa_supplicant[8946]: wlan0: CTRL-EVENT-DISCONNECTED bssid=00:18:f8:54:a3:d6 reason=15 May 27 09:16:13 myhostname kernel: [11362.973461] cfg80211: Calling CRDA to update world regulatory domain May 27 09:16:13 myhostname kernel: [11362.975673] cfg80211: World regulatory domain updated: May 27 09:16:13 myhostname kernel: [11362.975675] cfg80211: (start_freq - end_freq @ bandwidth), (max_antenna_gain, max_eirp) May 27 09:16:13 myhostname kernel: [11362.975676] cfg80211: (2402000 KHz - 2472000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (N/A, 2000 mBm) May 27 09:16:13 myhostname kernel: [11362.975677] cfg80211: (2457000 KHz - 2482000 KHz @ 40000 KHz), (N/A, 2000 mBm) May 27 09:16:13 myhostname kernel: [11362.975678] cfg80211: (2474000 KHz - 2494000 KHz @ 20000 KHz), (N/A, 2000 mBm) May 27 09:16:13 myhostname kernel: [11362.975678] cfg80211: (5170000 KHz - 5250000 KHz @ 80000 KHz), (N/A, 2000 mBm) May 27 09:16:13 myhostname kernel: [11362.975679] cfg80211: (5735000 KHz - 5835000 KHz @ 80000 KHz), (N/A, 2000 mBm) May 27 09:16:13 myhostname kernel: [11362.975679] cfg80211: (57240000 KHz - 63720000 KHz @ 2160000 KHz), (N/A, 0 mBm) May 27 09:16:13 myhostname NetworkManager[13992]: <info> (wlan0): supplicant interface state: associated -> disconnected May 27 09:16:13 myhostname NetworkManager[13992]: <info> (wlan0): supplicant interface state: disconnected -> scanning May 27 09:16:14 myhostname NetworkManager[13992]: <warn> Activation (wlan0/wireless): association took too long. May 27 09:16:14 myhostname NetworkManager[13992]: <info> (wlan0): device state change: config -> failed (reason 'no-secrets') [50 120 7] May 27 09:16:14 myhostname NetworkManager[13992]: <info> Marking connection 'Auto myaccesspoint' invalid. May 27 09:16:14 myhostname NetworkManager[13992]: <warn> Activation (wlan0) failed for connection 'Auto myaccesspoint' May 27 09:16:14 myhostname NetworkManager[13992]: <info> (wlan0): device state change: failed -> disconnected (reason 'none') [120 30 0] May 27 09:16:14 myhostname NetworkManager[13992]: <info> (wlan0): deactivating device (reason 'none') [0] May 27 09:16:14 myhostname NetworkManager[13992]: <info> (wlan0): supplicant interface state: scanning -> disconnected The things that jump out at me are "deauthenticating ... by local choice( reason=3)" and the lines that contain "(reason=15)". I've tried various fixes: iwconfig wlan0 power off killing wpa_supplicant connecting with iwconfig + dhclient instead of gnome's network -manager explicitly configuring wlan0 in /etc/network/interfaces creating a /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf file ...but nothing seems to work. I'm not sure what I did wrong, or what step I've skipped in trying to get wlan0 back as a non-bridged device -- I removed it from the bridge and then deleted the bridge itself. Any ideas?

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• Route all wlan0 traffic over tun0

  - by Tuinslak

  I'm looking for a way to route all wlan0 traffic (tcp and udp) over tun0 (openvpn). However, all other traffic originating from the device itself should not be routed through tun0. I'm guessing this could be realized using iptables or route, but none of my options seem to work. # route add -net 0.0.0.0 gw 172.27.0.1 dev wlan0 SIOCADDRT: No such process Info: This is because the VPN server is not redundant, and wlan users are not really important. However, all services running on the device are fairly important and having a VPN virtual machine with no SLA on it is just a bad idea. Trying to minimize the odds of something going wrong. So setting the VPN server as default gateway is not really an option. I also want all wlan0 user to use the VPN server's IP address as external IP. Edit with the script provided: root@ft-genesi-xxx ~ # route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 172.27.0.17 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 tun0 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 10.13.37.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 wlan0 172.27.0.0 172.27.0.17 255.255.192.0 UG 0 0 0 tun0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 root@ft-genesi-xxx ~ # ./test.sh RTNETLINK answers: No such process root@ft-genesi-xxx ~ # cat test.sh #!/bin/sh IP=/sbin/ip # replace with the range of your wlan network, or use fwmark instead ${IP} rule add from 10.13.37.0/24 table from-wlan ${IP} route add default dev tun0 via 127.72.0.1 table from-wlan ${IP} route add 10.13.37.0/24 dev wlan0 table from-wlan

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