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  • Which is faster in memory, ints or chars? And file-mapping or chunk reading?

    - by Nick
    Okay, so I've written a (rather unoptimized) program before to encode images to JPEGs, however, now I am working with MPEG-2 transport streams and the H.264 encoded video within them. Before I dive into programming all of this, I am curious what the fastest way to deal with the actual file is. Currently I am file-mapping the .mts file into memory to work on it, although I am not sure if it would be faster to (for example) read 100 MB of the file into memory in chunks and deal with it that way. These files require a lot of bit-shifting and such to read flags, so I am wondering that when I reference some of the memory if it is faster to read 4 bytes at once as an integer or 1 byte as a character. I thought I read somewhere that x86 processors are optimized to a 4-byte granularity, but I'm not sure if this is true... Thanks!

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  • Java - Optimize finding a string in a list

    - by Mark
    I have an ArrayList of objects where each object contains a string 'word' and a date. I need to check to see if the date has passed for a list of 500 words. The ArrayList could contain up to a million words and dates. The dates I store as integers, so the problem I have is attempting to find the word I am looking for in the ArrayList. Is there a way to make this faster? In python I have a dict and mWords['foo'] is a simple lookup without looping through the whole 1 million items in the mWords array. Is there something like this in java? for (int i = 0; i < mWords.size(); i++) { if ( word == mWords.get(i).word ) { mLastFindIndex = i; return mWords.get(i); } }

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  • How do I know if my PHP application is using too much memory?

    - by John
    I'm working on a PHP web application that let's users network with each other, book events, message etc... I launched it a few months ago and at the moment, there's only about 100 users. I set up the application on a VPS with ubuntu 9.10, apache 2, mysql 5 and php 5. I had 360 Mb of RAM, but upgraded to 720 MB a few minutes ago. Lately, my web application has been experiencing outages due to excessive memory usage. From what I can tell in error logs, it seems the server automatically kills apache processes that consume too much memory. As a result, I upgraded memory from 360 MB to 720 MB as a stop-gap measure. So my question is, how do I go about resolving these outage issues? How do I know if my website's need for more memory is due to poor code or if it's part of the website's natural growth? What's the most efficient way to determine which PHP scripts consume the most memory?

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  • Which way to store this data is effective?

    - by Tattat
    I am writing a game, which need a map, and I want to store the map. The first thing I can think of, is using a 2D-array. But the problem is what data should I store in the 2D-array. The player can tap different place to have different reaction. So, I am thinking store a 2D-array with objects, when player click some position, and I find it in the array, and use the object in that array to execute a cmd. But I have a concern that storing lots of object may use lots of memory. So, I am think storing char/int only. But it seems that not enough for me. I want to store the data like that: { Type:1 Color:Green } No matter what color is, if they are all type 1, the have same reactions in logic, but the visual effect is based on the color. So, it is not easy to store using a prue char/int data, unless I make something like this: 1-5 --> all type 1. 1=color green , 2=color red, 3 = color yellow.... ... 6-10 --> all type 2. 2 = color green, 2 = color red ... ... So, do you have any ideas on how to minimize the ram use, but also easy for me to read... ...thx

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  • Using Custom Generic Collection faster with objects than List

    - by Kaminari
    I'm iterating through a List<> to find a matching element. The problem is that object has only 2 significant values, Name and Link (both strings), but has some other values which I don't want to compare. I'm thinking about using something like HashSet (which is exactly what I'm searching for -- fast) from .NET 3.5 but target framework has to be 2.0. There is something called Power Collections here: http://powercollections.codeplex.com/, should I use that? But maybe there is other way? If not, can you suggest me a suitable custom collection?

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  • C++ pimpl idiom wastes an instruction vs. C style?

    - by Rob
    (Yes, I know that one machine instruction usually doesn't matter. I'm asking this question because I want to understand the pimpl idiom, and use it in the best possible way; and because sometimes I do care about one machine instruction.) In the sample code below, there are two classes, Thing and OtherThing. Users would include "thing.hh". Thing uses the pimpl idiom to hide it's implementation. OtherThing uses a C style – non-member functions that return and take pointers. This style produces slightly better machine code. I'm wondering: is there a way to use C++ style – ie, make the functions into member functions – and yet still save the machine instruction. I like this style because it doesn't pollute the namespace outside the class. Note: I'm only looking at calling member functions (in this case, calc). I'm not looking at object allocation. Below are the files, commands, and the machine code, on my Mac. thing.hh: class ThingImpl; class Thing { ThingImpl *impl; public: Thing(); int calc(); }; class OtherThing; OtherThing *make_other(); int calc(OtherThing *); thing.cc: #include "thing.hh" struct ThingImpl { int x; }; Thing::Thing() { impl = new ThingImpl; impl->x = 5; } int Thing::calc() { return impl->x + 1; } struct OtherThing { int x; }; OtherThing *make_other() { OtherThing *t = new OtherThing; t->x = 5; } int calc(OtherThing *t) { return t->x + 1; } main.cc (just to test the code actually works...) #include "thing.hh" #include <cstdio> int main() { Thing *t = new Thing; printf("calc: %d\n", t->calc()); OtherThing *t2 = make_other(); printf("calc: %d\n", calc(t2)); } Makefile: all: main thing.o : thing.cc thing.hh g++ -fomit-frame-pointer -O2 -c thing.cc main.o : main.cc thing.hh g++ -fomit-frame-pointer -O2 -c main.cc main: main.o thing.o g++ -O2 -o $@ $^ clean: rm *.o rm main Run make and then look at the machine code. On the mac I use otool -tv thing.o | c++filt. On linux I think it's objdump -d thing.o. Here is the relevant output: Thing::calc(): 0000000000000000 movq (%rdi),%rax 0000000000000003 movl (%rax),%eax 0000000000000005 incl %eax 0000000000000007 ret calc(OtherThing*): 0000000000000010 movl (%rdi),%eax 0000000000000012 incl %eax 0000000000000014 ret Notice the extra instruction because of the pointer indirection. The first function looks up two fields (impl, then x), while the second only needs to get x. What can be done?

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  • optimize a string.Format + replace.

    - by acidzombie24
    I have this function. The visual studio profile marked the line with string.Format as hot and were i spend much of my time. How can i write this loop more efficiently? public string EscapeNoPredicate(string sz) { var s = new StringBuilder(sz); s.Replace(sepStr, sepStr + sepStr); foreach (char v in IllegalChars) { string s2 = string.Format("{0}{1:X2}", seperator, (Int16)v); s.Replace(v.ToString(), s2); } return s.ToString(); }

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  • How to make this JavaScript much faster?

    - by Ralph
    Still trying to answer this question, and I think I finally found a solution, but it runs too slow. var $div = $('<div>') .css({ 'border': '1px solid red', 'position': 'absolute', 'z-index': '65535' }) .appendTo('body'); $('body *').live('mousemove', function(e) { var topElement = null; $('body *').each(function() { if(this == $div[0]) return true; var $elem = $(this); var pos = $elem.offset(); var width = $elem.width(); var height = $elem.height(); if(e.pageX > pos.left && e.pageY > pos.top && e.pageX < (pos.left + width) && e.pageY < (pos.top + height)) { var zIndex = document.defaultView.getComputedStyle(this, null).getPropertyValue('z-index'); if(zIndex == 'auto') zIndex = $elem.parents().length; if(topElement == null || zIndex > topElement.zIndex) { topElement = { 'node': $elem, 'zIndex': zIndex }; } } }); if(topElement != null ) { var $elem = topElement.node; $div.offset($elem.offset()).width($elem.width()).height($elem.height()); } }); It basically loops through all the elements on the page and finds the top-most element beneath the cursor. Is there maybe some way I could use a quad-tree or something and segment the page so the loop runs faster?

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  • Word frequency tally script is too slow

    - by Dave Jarvis
    Background Created a script to count the frequency of words in a plain text file. The script performs the following steps: Count the frequency of words from a corpus. Retain each word in the corpus found in a dictionary. Create a comma-separated file of the frequencies. The script is at: http://pastebin.com/VAZdeKXs Problem The following lines continually cycle through the dictionary to match words: for i in $(awk '{if( $2 ) print $2}' frequency.txt); do grep -m 1 ^$i\$ dictionary.txt >> corpus-lexicon.txt; done It works, but it is slow because it is scanning the words it found to remove any that are not in the dictionary. The code performs this task by scanning the dictionary for every single word. (The -m 1 parameter stops the scan when the match is found.) Question How would you optimize the script so that the dictionary is not scanned from start to finish for every single word? The majority of the words will not be in the dictionary. Thank you!

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  • How to custom query using ORM in Fuelphp?

    - by viyancs
    I have a problem when I want to query table using ORM ,example I have article table with field id,author,text. My code like this : // Single where $article = Model_Article::find()->where('id', 4); print_r($article); that't code will be fetch all field on table article, it's like select * from article where id = 4 Try Possibility $article = Model_Article::find(null, array('id','title'))->where('id', 3); the response is object(Orm\Query)#89 (14) { ["model":protected]=> string(10) "Model_Article" ["connection":protected]=> NULL ["view":protected]=> NULL ["alias":protected]=> string(2) "t0" ["relations":protected]=> array(0) { } ["joins":protected]=> array(0) { } ["select":protected]=> array(1) { ["t0_c0"]=> string(5) "t0.id" } ["limit":protected]=> NULL ["offset":protected]=> NULL ["rows_limit":protected]=> NULL ["rows_offset":protected]=> NULL ["where":protected]=> array(1) { [0]=> array(2) { [0]=> string(9) "and_where" [1]=> array(3) { [0]=> string(5) "t0.id" [1]=> string(1) "=" [2]=> int(3) } } } ["order_by":protected]=> array(0) { } ["values":protected]=> array(0) { } } that's is not return id or title field. but when i'm try by adding get_one() method $article = Model_Article::find(null, array('id','title'))->where('id', 3)->get_one(); id is return , but title is not and another field, i don't know why ? Reference ORM Discussion FuelPHP it's say ORM currently will be select all column, no plans to change that at the moment. My Goal I want to query in orm like this select id,owner from article where id = 4 it's will be return only id & owner, how i can get that using orm ?

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  • Whether to put method code in a VB.Net data storage class, or put it in a separate class?

    - by Alan K
    TLDR summary: (a) Should I include (lengthy) method code in classes which may spawn multiple objects at runtime, (b) does doing so cause memory usage bloat, (c) if so should I "outsource" the code to a class that is loaded only once and have the class methods call that, or alternatively (d) does the code get loaded only once with the object definition anyway and I'm worrying about nothing? ........ I don't know whether there's a good answer to this but if there is I haven't found it yet by searching in the usual places. In my VB.Net (2010 if it matters) WinForms project I have about a dozen or so class objects in an object model. Some of these are pretty simple and do little more than act as data storage repositories. The ones further up the object model, however, have an increasing number of methods. There can be a significant number of higher level objects in use though the exact number will be runtime dependent so I can't be more precise than that. As I was writing the method code for one of the top level ones I noticed that it was starting to get quite lengthy. Memory optimisation is something of a lost art given how much memory the average PC has these days but I don't want to make my application a resource hog. So my questions for anyone who knows .Net way better than I do (of which there will be many) are: Is the code loaded into memory with each instance of the class that's created? Alternatively is it loaded only once with the definition of the class, and all derived objects just refer to that definition? (I'm not really sure how that could be possible given that, for example, event handlers can be assigned dynamically, but no harm asking.) If the answer to the first one is yes, would it be more efficient to write the code in a "utility" object which is loaded only once and called from the real class' methods? Any thoughts appreciated.

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  • Removing groups of similar records in MySQL query

    - by user1182155
    I'm trying to wrap my head around this... (it may be simple, been a long day!) I have a database with sometimes multiple similar records... ie. Apples 2008-09-03 Apples 2012-01-01 Apples 2013-10-24 Oranges 2012-01-04 What I need to do is do a query that will show only records that haven't been updated today... So in this case, since Apples has an entry that was updated today, none of the records for the Apples should appear in the results. Oranges should be the only record it returns. I have a query similar to this... SELECT fruit FROM fruitnames where date < CURDATE() Which works to remove the record that was updated today... But it keeps the other records for Apples (obviously)... How would I remove those results as well?

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  • Sorting a list of numbers with modified cost

    - by David
    First, this was one of the four problems we had to solve in a project last year and I couldn’t find a suitable algorithm so we handle in a brute force solution. Problem: The numbers are in a list that is not sorted and supports only one type of operation. The operation is defined as follows: Given a position i and a position j the operation moves the number at position i to position j without altering the relative order of the other numbers. If i j, the positions of the numbers between positions j and i - 1 increment by 1, otherwise if i < j the positions of the numbers between positions i+1 and j decreases by 1. This operation requires i steps to find a number to move and j steps to locate the position to which you want to move it. Then the number of steps required to move a number of position i to position j is i+j. We need to design an algorithm that given a list of numbers, determine the optimal (in terms of cost) sequence of moves to rearrange the sequence. Attempts: Part of our investigation was around NP-Completeness, we make it a decision problem and try to find a suitable transformation to any of the problems listed in Garey and Johnson’s book: Computers and Intractability with no results. There is also no direct reference (from our point of view) to this kind of variation in Donald E. Knuth’s book: The art of Computer Programing Vol. 3 Sorting and Searching. We also analyzed algorithms to sort linked lists but none of them gives a good idea to find de optimal sequence of movements. Note that the idea is not to find an algorithm that orders the sequence, but one to tell me the optimal sequence of movements in terms of cost that organizes the sequence, you can make a copy and sort it to analyze the final position of the elements if you want, in fact we may assume that the list contains the numbers from 1 to n, so we know where we want to put each number, we are just concerned with minimizing the total cost of the steps. We tested several greedy approaches but all of them failed, divide and conquer sorting algorithms can’t be used because they swap with no cost portions of the list and our dynamic programing approaches had to consider many cases. The brute force recursive algorithm takes all the possible combinations of movements from i to j and then again all the possible moments of the rest of the element’s, at the end it returns the sequence with less total cost that sorted the list, as you can imagine the cost of this algorithm is brutal and makes it impracticable for more than 8 elements. Our observations: n movements is not necessarily cheaper than n+1 movements (unlike swaps in arrays that are O(1)). There are basically two ways of moving one element from position i to j: one is to move it directly and the other is to move other elements around i in a way that it reaches the position j. At most you make n-1 movements (the untouched element reaches its position alone). If it is the optimal sequence of movements then you didn’t move the same element twice.

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  • How do I select a random record efficiently in MySQL?

    - by user198729
    mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM urls ORDER BY RAND() LIMIT 1; +----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+-------+---------------------------------+ | id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra | +----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+-------+---------------------------------+ | 1 | SIMPLE | urls | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 62228 | Using temporary; Using filesort | +----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+-------+---------------------------------+ The above doesn't qualify as efficient,how should I do it properly?

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  • File IO with Streams - Best Memory Buffer Size

    - by AJ
    I am writing a small IO library to assist with a larger (hobby) project. A part of this library performs various functions on a file, which is read / written via the FileStream object. On each StreamReader.Read(...) pass, I fire off an event which will be used in the main app to display progress information. The processing that goes on in the loop is vaired, but is not too time consuming (it could just be a simple file copy, for example, or may involve encryption...). My main question is: What is the best memory buffer size to use? Thinking about physical disk layouts, I could pick 2k, which would cover a CD sector size and is a nice multiple of a 512 byte hard disk sector. Higher up the abstraction tree, you could go for a larger buffer which could read an entire FAT cluster at a time. I realise with today's PC's, I could go for a more memory hungry option (a couple of MiB, for example), but then I increase the time between UI updates and the user perceives a less responsive app. As an aside, I'm eventually hoping to provide a similar interface to files hosted on FTP / HTTP servers (over a local network / fastish DSL). What would be the best memory buffer size for those (again, a "best-case" tradeoff between perceived responsiveness vs. performance).

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  • how to avoid temporaries when copying weakly typed object

    - by Truncheon
    Hi. I'm writing a series classes that inherit from a base class using virtual. They are INT, FLOAT and STRING objects that I want to use in a scripting language. I'm trying to implement weak typing, but I don't want STRING objects to return copies of themselves when used in the following way (instead I would prefer to have a reference returned which can be used in copying): a = "hello "; b = "world"; c = a + b; I have written the following code as a mock example: #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <cstdio> #include <cstdlib> std::string dummy("<int object cannot return string reference>"); struct BaseImpl { virtual bool is_string() = 0; virtual int get_int() = 0; virtual std::string get_string_copy() = 0; virtual std::string const& get_string_ref() = 0; }; struct INT : BaseImpl { int value; INT(int i = 0) : value(i) { std::cout << "constructor called\n"; } INT(BaseImpl& that) : value(that.get_int()) { std::cout << "copy constructor called\n"; } bool is_string() { return false; } int get_int() { return value; } std::string get_string_copy() { char buf[33]; sprintf(buf, "%i", value); return buf; } std::string const& get_string_ref() { return dummy; } }; struct STRING : BaseImpl { std::string value; STRING(std::string s = "") : value(s) { std::cout << "constructor called\n"; } STRING(BaseImpl& that) { if (that.is_string()) value = that.get_string_ref(); else value = that.get_string_copy(); std::cout << "copy constructor called\n"; } bool is_string() { return true; } int get_int() { return atoi(value.c_str()); } std::string get_string_copy() { return value; } std::string const& get_string_ref() { return value; } }; struct Base { BaseImpl* impl; Base(BaseImpl* p = 0) : impl(p) {} ~Base() { delete impl; } }; int main() { Base b1(new INT(1)); Base b2(new STRING("Hello world")); Base b3(new INT(*b1.impl)); Base b4(new STRING(*b2.impl)); std::cout << "\n"; std::cout << b1.impl->get_int() << "\n"; std::cout << b2.impl->get_int() << "\n"; std::cout << b3.impl->get_int() << "\n"; std::cout << b4.impl->get_int() << "\n"; std::cout << "\n"; std::cout << b1.impl->get_string_ref() << "\n"; std::cout << b2.impl->get_string_ref() << "\n"; std::cout << b3.impl->get_string_ref() << "\n"; std::cout << b4.impl->get_string_ref() << "\n"; std::cout << "\n"; std::cout << b1.impl->get_string_copy() << "\n"; std::cout << b2.impl->get_string_copy() << "\n"; std::cout << b3.impl->get_string_copy() << "\n"; std::cout << b4.impl->get_string_copy() << "\n"; return 0; } It was necessary to add an if check in the STRING class to determine whether its safe to request a reference instead of a copy: Script code: a = "test"; b = a; c = 1; d = "" + c; /* not safe to request reference by standard */ C++ code: STRING(BaseImpl& that) { if (that.is_string()) value = that.get_string_ref(); else value = that.get_string_copy(); std::cout << "copy constructor called\n"; } If was hoping there's a way of moving that if check into compile time, rather than run time.

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  • getting a combo box that has a row source equal to a query - and the query takes data from a form -

    - by primus285
    I have a combo box with a row source based on an SQL query about like SELECT DISTINCT Database_New.ASEC FROM Database_New WHERE Database_New.Date= DateSerial([cboYear], 1, 1) And Database_New.Date<= DateSerial([cboYear], 12, 31); the trouble is that if I change the value of cboYear, the values in the drop down cboASEC do not update. I have to open the query, save it and close it to get the thing to update while I have the form open. Is there a way to get the cboASEC to update somehow? maybe a little tidbit of code in the cboYear - afterupdate?

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  • Ternary Operators in JavaScript Without an "Else"

    - by Oscar Godson
    I've been using them forever, and I love them. To me they see cleaner and i can scan faster, but ever since I've been using them i've always had to put null in the else conditions that don't have anything. Is there anyway around it? E.g. condition ? x=true : null ; basically, is there a way to do: condition ? x=true; Now it shows up as a syntax error...

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  • Passing values for multi-value parameter in SSRS query string

    - by Andy Xufuris
    I have two reports built using SSRS 2005. The first report is set to navigate to the second when a specific field is clicked. There is a multi-value parameter on the second report. I need to pass multiple values for this parameter in the URL query string when calling this report. Is there a way to pass multiple values for a parameter in the query string of a report? Or can you pass a parameter that will cause the Select All value to be selected?

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  • MS Access caching of reports / query results

    - by FrustratedWithFormsDesigner
    Is it possible to cache a query or report the first time it is run? It seems that opening a report will re-query the datasource. For certain queries, the data source does not change frequently enough that I'd be worried about a cache being out of date (users are notified when the database changes), and it would be much easier for the users to be able to open the report instantly rather than having to wait several minutes every time they want to see the data (though I realize if they close the file the caches will be lost - that's OK). Data comes from an ODBC connection to Oracle, using Access 2003.

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  • Specific template for the first element.

    - by Kalinin
    I have a template: <xsl:template match="paragraph"> ... </xsl:template> I call it: <xsl:apply-templates select="paragraph"/> For the first element I need to do: <xsl:template match="paragraph[1]"> ... <xsl:apply-templates select="."/><!-- I understand that this does not work --> ... </xsl:template> How to call <xsl:apply-templates select="paragraph"/> (for the first element paragraph) from the template <xsl:template match="paragraph[1]">? So far that I have something like a loop. I solve this problem so (but I do not like it): <xsl:for-each select="paragraph"> <xsl:choose> <xsl:when test="position() = 1"> ... <xsl:apply-templates select="."/> ... </xsl:when> <xsl:otherwise> <xsl:apply-templates select="."/> </xsl:otherwise> </xsl:choose> </xsl:for-each>

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