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  • Sending Data as Instances using Python Sockets

    - by Alice
    I'm working on the networking part of a 2 player game (similar to tetris), and I'm trying to pass the game grid from client to server and vice versa. However, when I tried using send(grid) I get a TypeError: send() argument 1 must be string or read-only buffer, not instance. Is there anyway to circumvent this, or do I have to convert my grid instance into a string and then interpret it from the other side? Thanks in advance!

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  • Python: for statement behavior

    - by BandGap
    Hi all. My question concerns the output of this statement: for x in range(4), y in range(4): print x print y Results in: [0, 1, 2, 3] 2 True 2 It seems there is a comparison involved, I just can't figure out why the output is structured like this.

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  • Python ctypes in_dll string assignment

    - by ackdesha
    I could use some help assigning to a global C variable in DLL using ctypes. The following is an example of what I'm trying: test.c contains the following #include <stdio.h> char name[60]; void test(void) { printf("Name is %s\n", name); } On windows (cygwin) I build a DLL (Test.dll) as follows: gcc -g -c -Wall test.c gcc -Wall -mrtd -mno-cygwin -shared -W1,--add-stdcall-alias -o Test.dll test.o When trying to modify the name variable and then calling the C test function using the ctypes interface I get the following... >>> from ctypes import * >>> dll = windll.Test >>> dll <WinDLL 'Test', handle ... at ...> >>> f = c_char_p.in_dll(dll, 'name') >>> f c_char_p(None) >>> f.value = 'foo' >>> f c_char_p('foo') >>> dll.test() Name is Name is 48+? 13 Why does the test function print garbage in this case?

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  • python matrices - list index out of range

    - by user1888493
    I am writing a function, that takes a matrix as input, such as the one below. Then the it returns the matrix' inverse, where all the 1s are changed to 0s and all the 0s changed to 1s, while keeping the diagonal from top left to bottom right 0s. An example input: g1 = [[0, 1, 1, 0], [1, 0, 0, 1], [1, 0, 0, 1], [0, 1, 1, 0]] the function should output this: g1 = [[0, 0, 0, 1], [0, 0, 1, 0], [0, 1, 0, 0], [1, 0, 0, 0]] When I run the program, it raises a list index out of range error. I'm sure this happens, because the loops I have set up are trying to access values that do not exist. But how do I allow an input of unknown row and column size? I only know how to do this with a single list, but a list of lists? Following you see the transforming function, but not the test function that calls it: def inverse_graph(graph): # take in graph # change all zeros to ones and ones to zeros r, c = 0, 0 # row, column equal zero while (graph[r][c] == 0 or graph[r][c] == 1): # while the current row has a value. while (graph[r][c] == 0 or graph[r][c] == 1): # while the current column has a value if (graph[r][c] == 0): graph[r][c] = 1 elif (graph[r][c] == 1): graph[r][c] = 0 c+=1 c=0 r+=1 c=0 r=0 # sets diagonal to zeros while (g1[r][c] == 0 or g1[r][c] == 1): g1[r][c]=0 c+=1 r+=1 return graph

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  • regular expression not behaving as expected - Python

    - by philippe
    I have the following function which is supposed to read a .html file and search for <input> tags, and inject a <input type='hidden' > tag into the string to be shown into the page. However, that condition is never met:( e.g the if statement is never executed. ) What's wrong with my regex? def print_choose( params, name ): filename = path + name f = open( filename, 'r' ) records = f.readlines() print "Content-Type: text/html" print page = "" flag = True for record in records: if re.match( '<input*', str(record) ) != None: print record page += record page += "<input type='hidden' name='pagename' value='psychology' />" else: page += record print page Thank you

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  • How to stop attributes from being pickled in Python

    - by Ries
    I am using gnosis.xml.pickle to convert an object of my own class to xml. The object is initialized so that: self.logger = MyLogger() But when I do dump the object to a string I get an exception stating that the pickler encountered an unpickleable type . Is there a way to 'tag' the logger attribute so that pickler will know not to try and pickle that attribute?

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  • difference between 2 pieces Python code

    - by draw
    Hello, I'm doing an exercise as following: # B. front_x # Given a list of strings, return a list with the strings # in sorted order, except group all the strings that begin with 'x' first. # e.g. ['mix', 'xyz', 'apple', 'xanadu', 'aardvark'] yields # ['xanadu', 'xyz', 'aardvark', 'apple', 'mix'] # Hint: this can be done by making 2 lists and sorting each of them # before combining them. sample solution: def front_x(words): listX = [] listO = [] for w in words: if w.startswith('x'): listX.append(w) else: listO.append(w) listX.sort() listO.sort() return listX + listO my solution: def front_x(words): listX = [] for w in words: if w.startswith('x'): listX.append(w) words.remove(w) listX.sort() words.sort() return listX + words as I tested my solution, the result is a little weird. Here is the source code with my solution: http://dl.dropbox.com/u/559353/list1.py. You might want to try it out.

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  • python mock side_effect or return_value dependent on call_count

    - by user18380
    To test a polling function I want to mock the calling of a sub function so that the first time it is called it will fail, and the second time it is called it will succeed. Here's a very simplified version of it: poll_function(var1): value = sub_function(var1) # First call will return None while not value: time.sleep(POLLING_INTERVAL) value = sub_function(var1) # A subsequent call will return a string, e.g "data" return value Is this possible to do with a Mock object from the mock framework? I know Mock objects have a call_count attribute I should be able to use somehow. Right now I've solved it by creating a custom mock object that I use to monkey patch sub_function(), but I feel there should be a better less verbose way of doing it: def test_poll(): class MyMock(object): def __init__(self, *args): self.call_count = 0 def sub_function(self, *args, **kwargs): if self.call_count > 1: return "data" else: self.call_count += 1 return None my_mock = MyMock() with patch('sub_function', my_mock.sub_function): ok_(poll_function())

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  • replacing values in formated file with python

    - by froggy
    I have a string see attached file like that and i would like to modify it using a function Giving section name parameter name and value to set Also in case i want to modify several parameters for a same section how can i have position in file to avoid scanning x time for a same section and other to pass my question and other to pass my question and other to pass my question and other to pass my question and other to pass my question and other to pass my question and other to pass my question and other to pass my question and other to pass my question and other to pass my question and other to pass my question an and other to pass my question d other to pass my question and other to pass my question and other to pass my question and other to pass my questionand other to pass my question and other to pass my question

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  • Thread-safe equivalent to python's time.strptime() ?

    - by Wells
    Something I wrote throws a lot of AttributeErrors when using time.strptime() inside a thread. This only seems to happen on Windows (not on Linux), but whatever…. Upon a'Googling, it seems that time.strptime() isn't considered thread-safe. Is there a better way to create a datetime object from a string? Current code looks like: val = DateFromTicks(mktime(strptime(val, '%B %d, %Y'))) But, that yields the AttributeErrors as its run inside a thread. Thanks!

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  • I need to make a multithreading program (python)

    - by Andreawu98
    import multiprocessing import time from itertools import product out_file = open("test.txt", 'w') P = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p','q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z',] N = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] M = ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z'] c = int(input("Insert the number of digits you want: ")) n = int(input("If you need number press 1: ")) m = int(input("If you need upper letters press 1: ")) i = [] if n == 1: P = P + N if m == 1: P = P + M then = time.time() def worker(): for i in product(P, repeat=c): #check every possibilities k = '' for z in range(0, c): # k = k + str(i[z]) # print each possibility in a txt without parentesis or comma out_file.write( k + '\n') # out_file.close() now = time.time() diff = str(now - then) # To see how long does it take print(diff) worker() time.sleep(10) # just to check console The code check every single possibility and print it out in a test.txt file. It works but I really can't understand how can I speed it up. I saw it use 1 core out of my quad core CPU so I thought Multi-threading might work even though I don't know how. Please help me. Sorry for my English, I am from Italy.

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  • Sorting and alligning the contents of a text file in Python

    - by Emily Price
    Hello In my program I have a text file that I read from and write to. However, I would like to display the contents of the text file in an alligned and sorted manner. The contents currently read- name, score name, score Would I have to convert this information into lists in order to be able to do this? If so, how do I go about doing this? Thankyou

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  • Perfom python unit tests via a web interface

    - by 47
    Is it possible to perform unittest tests via a web interface...and if so how? EDIT: For now I want the results...for the tests I want them to be automated...possibly every time I make a change to the code. Sorry I forgot to make this more clear

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  • Python/Numpy - Save Array with Column AND Row Titles

    - by Scott B
    I want to save a 2D array to a CSV file with row and column "header" information (like a table). I know that I could use the header argument to numpy.savetxt to save the column names, but is there any easy way to also include some other array (or list) as the first column of data (like row titles)? Below is an example of how I currently do it. Is there a better way to include those row titles, perhaps some trick with savetxt I'm unaware of? import csv import numpy as np data = np.arange(12).reshape(3,4) # Add a '' for the first column because the row titles go there... cols = ['', 'col1', 'col2', 'col3', 'col4'] rows = ['row1', 'row2', 'row3'] with open('test.csv', 'wb') as f: writer = csv.writer(f) writer.writerow(cols) for row_title, data_row in zip(rows, data): writer.writerow([row_title] + data_row.tolist())

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  • More elegant way to initialize list of duplicated items in Python

    - by Claudiu
    If I want a list initialized to 5 zeroes, that's very nice and easy: [0] * 5 However if I change my code to put a more complicated data structure, like a list of zeroes: [[0]] * 5 will not work as intended, since it'll be 10 copies of the same list. I have to do: [[0] for i in xrange(5)] that feels bulky and uses a variable so sometimes I even do: [[0] for _ in " "] But then if i want a list of lists of zeros it gets uglier: [[[0] for _ in " "] for _ in " "] all this instead of what I want to do: [[[0]]*5]*5 Has anyone found an elegant way to deal with this "problem"?

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  • In python, what does len(list) do?

    - by nsharish
    My doubt is that if the len(list) calculates the length of the list everytime it is called or it returns the value of the builtin counter.I have a context where i need to check the length of list everytime in a loop, likelistData = [] for value in ioread(): if len(listData)=25: processlistdata() clearlistdata() listData.append(value) Should I check len(listData) every iteration, or can I have a counter for the length of the list.

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  • Python: why can't descriptors be instance variables?

    - by Continuation
    Say I define this descriptor: class MyDescriptor(object): def __get__(self, instance, owner): return self._value def __set__(self, instance, value): self._value = value def __delete__(self, instance): del(self._value) And I use it in this: class MyClass1(object): value = MyDescriptor() >>> m1 = MyClass1() >>> m1.value = 1 >>> m2 = MyClass1() >>> m2.value = 2 >>> m1.value 2 So value is a class attribute and is shared by all instances. Now if I define this: class MyClass2(object) value = 1 >>> y1 = MyClass2() >>> y1.value=1 >>> y2 = MyClass2() >>> y2.value=2 >>> y1.value 1 In this case value is an instance attribute and is not shared by the instances. Why is it that when value is a descriptor it can only be a class attribute, but when value is a simple integer it becomes an instance attribute?

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  • Python sort strings started with digits

    - by vlad
    I have the next list: a = ['1th Word', 'Another Word', '10th Word'] print a.sort() >>> ['10th Word', '1th Word', 'Another Word'] But I need: ['1th Word', '10th Word','Another Word'] Is there an easy way to do this? I tried: r = re.compile(r'(\d+)') def sort_by_number(s): m = r.match(s) return m.group(0) x.sort(key=sort_by_number) But some strings do not have numbers and this leads to an errors. Thanks.

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