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• Approach for monitoring internet backbone traffic volume

  - by Greg Harman

  I'm interested in getting a picture of relative volume across different internet backbones. In particular, I'd like to see how traffic volume over a given route differs over the course of a day or from one day to the next. InternetTrafficReport.com is the closest approximation to this that I've found online, and their approach is to test ping times to a number of key routers from several geographically-dispersed servers. This sounds like one straightforward way to measure, but I don't have several geographically-dispersed servers. Is there a different approach for sampling this type of information from a single server?

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• SSH to an ubuntu machine using avahi

  - by tensaiji

  I have an ubuntu box that I connect to using avahi. Connecting to that box works fine for all services (I regularly use AFP, SSH and SMB on it) but I've noticed that whenever I connect to it from a mac using SSH (and using the ".local" dns name provided by avahi - eg. "ssh .local") SSH tries to connect using ipv6, which for some reason times out (after two minutes) then it tries ipv4 which connects immediately. I'd like to avoid this timeout, as it's really annoying for me and other users - if SSH tried ipv4 first or if ssh over ipv6 worked then that would solve the problem. But so far I've been unable to get either to work (the best I've managed is to specify the "-4" option to SSH to stop it from trying ipv6 at all). I'm using Ubuntu 10.04. Any solution has to be on the server (not the client) as there are multiple clients connecting. A possible complication might be that my LAN is set up to allow link-local ipv6 addresses only, but I have other servers (using Mac OS) that I can SSH into using ipv6) I suspect that the problem could be solved by either preventing avahi from broadcasting the ipv6 address, or by enabling ssh over ipv6, but so far as I can tell avahi is already configured not to broadcast the ipv6 address and sshd is configured to allow ipv6 connections! Here's my /etc/avahi/avahi-daemon.conf (I don't think I've changed anything from the ubuntu defaults) [server] #host-name=foo #domain-name=local #browse-domains=0pointer.de, zeroconf.org use-ipv4=yes use-ipv6=no #allow-interfaces=eth0 #deny-interfaces=eth1 #check-response-ttl=no #use-iff-running=no #enable-dbus=yes #disallow-other-stacks=no #allow-point-to-point=no [wide-area] enable-wide-area=yes [publish] #disable-publishing=no #disable-user-service-publishing=no #add-service-cookie=no #publish-addresses=yes #publish-hinfo=yes #publish-workstation=yes #publish-domain=yes #publish-dns-servers=192.168.50.1, 192.168.50.2 #publish-resolv-conf-dns-servers=yes #publish-aaaa-on-ipv4=yes #publish-a-on-ipv6=no [reflector] #enable-reflector=no #reflect-ipv=no [rlimits] #rlimit-as= rlimit-core=0 rlimit-data=4194304 rlimit-fsize=0 rlimit-nofile=300 rlimit-stack=4194304 rlimit-nproc=3 and here's my sshd_config (mainly updated to only allow pub/private keys): # What ports, IPs and protocols we listen for Port 22 # Use these options to restrict which interfaces/protocols sshd will bind to #ListenAddress :: #ListenAddress 0.0.0.0 Protocol 2 # HostKeys for protocol version 2 HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key #Privilege Separation is turned on for security UsePrivilegeSeparation yes # Lifetime and size of ephemeral version 1 server key KeyRegenerationInterval 3600 ServerKeyBits 768 # Logging SyslogFacility AUTH LogLevel INFO # Authentication: LoginGraceTime 180 PermitRootLogin no StrictModes yes RSAAuthentication yes PubkeyAuthentication yes #AuthorizedKeysFile %h/.ssh/authorized_keys # Don't read the user's ~/.rhosts and ~/.shosts files IgnoreRhosts yes # For this to work you will also need host keys in /etc/ssh_known_hosts RhostsRSAAuthentication no # similar for protocol version 2 HostbasedAuthentication no # Uncomment if you don't trust ~/.ssh/known_hosts for RhostsRSAAuthentication #IgnoreUserKnownHosts yes # To enable empty passwords, change to yes (NOT RECOMMENDED) PermitEmptyPasswords no # Change to yes to enable challenge-response passwords (beware issues with # some PAM modules and threads) ChallengeResponseAuthentication no # Change to no to disable tunnelled clear text passwords PasswordAuthentication no AllowGroups sshusers # Kerberos options #KerberosAuthentication no #KerberosGetAFSToken no #KerberosOrLocalPasswd yes #KerberosTicketCleanup yes # GSSAPI options #GSSAPIAuthentication no #GSSAPICleanupCredentials yes X11Forwarding yes X11DisplayOffset 10 PrintMotd no PrintLastLog yes TCPKeepAlive yes #UseLogin no MaxStartups 10:30:60 #Banner /etc/issue.net # Allow client to pass locale environment variables AcceptEnv LANG LC_* Subsystem sftp /usr/lib/openssh/sftp-server UsePAM yes Does anyone have any ideas that I can try, or has experienced anything similar?

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• Explanation of various domain name records?

  - by Kumar

  At the time of hosting, normally we just change name servers in the domain control panel. It's fine if both mail and web servers are the same. When they're different, we need to change the DNS records. When I try to point my blog to my domain name, I came to know about the various types of DNS records - A Records, AAA Records, MX Records, CNAME Records, NS Records, TXT Records, SRV Records, SOA Records, etc. I searched on Google, but would like to know more about these deeply. I found this link on the Internet - http://www.directnic.com/help/faq/?question_id=103 and got some idea about the different DNS records. But I have some more questions. How do the domain name records work? Is there any difference between NS record and other records in the way they work? Where should the NS record point to when using A record, CNAME record and MX record?

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• I can access \\server via explorer but a program wont

  - by Michael Savage

  From ServerA I can access \\ServerB\Telephony\Files\abcdefgh.pdf using windows explorer. From the same ServerA when I try to access the same file on ServerB using a program (a program that imports files from csv file) I get "File Not Found" error. On \\ServerB\Telephony\ the Share is on and I added the service account that I used to log in to ServerA. I am clueless. Please suggest. (oh, it's a Windows 2008 R2 Server) (btw, I did try IP Address, FQDN but works with Explorer but CVS Importer wont read the path. At one time, I did get Access Denied but I dont get access denied anymore after adding the service account to the share. firewalls are off on the servers) Update: I go to My Computer Network I see many servers but ServerB is not in the list..

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• How to make AD highly available for applications that use it as an LDAP service

  - by Beaming Mel-Bin

  Our situation We currently have many web applications that use LDAP for authentication. For this, we point the web application to one of our AD domain controllers using the LDAPS port (636). When we have to update the Domain Controller, this has caused us issues because one more web application could depend on any DC. What we want We would like to point our web applications to a cluster "virtual" IP. This cluster will consist of at least two servers (so that each cluster server could be rotated out and updated). The cluster servers would then proxy LDAPS connections to the DCs and be able to figure out which one is available. Questions For anyone that has had experience with this: What software did you use for the cluster? Any caveats? Or perhaps a completely different architecture to accomplish something similar?

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• Recommended service account setup for MS SQL Server 2005/2008

  - by boxerbucks

  We have a number of MS SQL servers in our environment running either SQL Server 2005 standard/enterprise or SQL server 2008 enterprise. Currently the SQL services are running as local service or network service and the MS recommended best practice is to run as a domain account which is what we are trying to move towards. Is the best practice with regards to domain accounts to have a separate domain account per service per server? So if we have 4 SQL services we want to run per server and we have 50 servers, we would create 50 * 4 = 200 accounts in AD? This seems excessive to me and I was wondering if anyone has any real experience with this type of setup and it's management.

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• sasl and tls with dns load balancing

  - by achal tomar

  I am using DNS load balancing in my centOs 5 server.The mail sent to the load balancer server are balanced by sending them to 4 more servers who then pass the mails to their destinations in the network.The mails are generated by a Php script which gives all the mail to the load balancer server. Now i want sasl and tls authentication in the load balancer server so that i can prevent the mail server from spammers,Can anyone tell me how to do this. The load balancer pass the mails to other servers based on equal mx record preference,so i want sasl authentication with Dns load balancing.

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• Most useful commands for Linux server admins

  - by redknight

  Can you please suggest commands whihc you most find usefull when administering Linux servers, with Apache, vsftpd, users and quotas..etc

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• Outgoing mail from linux not being delivered

  - by Jason

  I can't seem to send mail through my php scripts or through the linux console on my Centos 5.5 LAMP server, when the email is addressed to go to a domain that is hosted by my box. I think it is something to do with the email routing internally, or the DNS servers that the box uses not reporting the correct MX records. Basically my box doesn't host any mail, it's all hosted on google apps. My name servers are hosted by a 3rd party provider and I am using webmin. Webmin doesn't recognise the settings on the 3rd party provider. I'm unsure how to fix this. Previously when I had this problem on a cpanel server, I would edit the remotedomains and localdomains files, moving domains from one file to another and it would fix the problem. What information do I need to provide for anyone to work out what the issue is? Thanks

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• Windows 2003 Storage Server Hanging on Large File Transfers

  - by user25272

  In one of our offices we have a Dell PowerVault 745N NAS device which acts as the main file server. Its running 32bit Windows 2003 Storage Server SP2 with 3GB RAM. The server holds around 60 users HOME folders, which are mapped via AD. The office clients are a mix of XP SP3, Vista and Windows 7. Occasionally the server will completely hang when transferring large files. When the hang happens the console becomes unresponsive with only the mouse active and blank wallpaper. Sometimes stopping the copy frees the server, sometimes not. The hanging can last around 20 minutes. During this time other servers also become unresponsive with blank wallpaper at the console. If you do manage to get onto another server the taskbar and run commands are unresponsive. This also transcends to the client computers sometimes with explorer crashing. I'm guessing this is due to the HOME folder mapping. Eventually the NAS server with free up and everything will be back to normal. The server is configured as follows: PERC 4/DC DATA 2 - 12 SCSI HDD - RAID5 SHADOWCOPY 2 SCSI HDD - RAID1 CERC SATA DATA 11 4 SATA HDD - RAID5 OS 4 SATA HDD - RAID5 All the drivers and firmware is up to date. I've been through all the diagnostics with Dell and the hardware has come up clean including full HDD tests on the arrays. The server has NOD32 installed as the AV, but the hanging happens when it is uninstalled. There are no errors in the event log when this happens and we don't have any errors logged on any of our ProCurve switches. DNS is fine on the domain and AD from what I can tell is running happily. There are no DFS or NFS shares setup either. All the shares are standard Windows. I've unchecked the allow the computer to turn off this device to save power box under Power Management on the NIC. "Set Link Speed and Duplex to Auto-negotiate 1000 " Increased Receive Descriptors buffer from 256 to 352 (reserves more CPU resource for handling data) I've run network traces using network monitor and have found the following: 417 8.078125 {SMB:192, NbtSS:25, TCP:24, IPv4:23} 192.168.2.244 192.168.5.35 SMB SMB:R; Nt Create Andx - NT Status: System - Error, Code = (52) STATUS_OBJECT_NAME_NOT_FOUND I've tried different cabling; NICs and switch ports all with the same result. Transferring files from other servers on the domain is fine. All I haven't done is run CHKDSK on the drives to look for any file system errors. On the Vista clients I have also run netsh interface tcp set global autotuning=disabled with no result. Could it be that the server has a faulty drive or that the I/O is too much for it to handle? Any ideas why would the hang cause issues with the other servers on the LAN? Many Thanks.

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• Do I need DELL OpenManage to generate snmp traps on RAID degradation?

  - by jishi

  I need to setup surveillance on all our servers to spot any RAID degradation in time. However, not all of our servers have OpenManage installed, and since they are in production I don't like the idea of installing it on them. Therefor: Is it necessary to have it installed in order to get an event-log for any degradation of the RAID? Because, if I get an event-log I can send an SNMP trap, if I understand it correctly. I thought it was the driver that responsible for the event-logging, but on a machine that recently had a degradation, I can't seem to find any log event for it.

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• Using Terminal Services 'query' in batch file

  - by dboarman-FissureStudios

  I have a batch file that checks several of our servers for a user. From the command: query user %userID% /server:ServerName I want to capture the output before it goes to the screen. Is there a way to redirect the output to a variable? The basic gist of what I want to accomplish is this - we iterate through our servers: query user %userID% /server:Server1 query user %userID% /server:Server2 query user %userID% /server:Server3 query user %userID% /server:Server4 Instead of outputting a message that the user could not be found on a specific server, I would like for it to only notify me if it finds the user on a server.

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• How to test DNS glue record?

  - by Sunnz

  Hello I have just set up a DNS server for my domain example.org with 2 name servers ns1.example.org and ns2.example.org. I have attempted to set up a glue record for ns1 and ns2 at my registrar. It seems to work for now when I do a dig example.org but when I do a whois example.org it lists ns1.example.org and ns2.example.org but not their IP address which should be set up as a glue record. So I am wondering how do I check for the existence of a glue record? Do I do it with whois? I have seen .com and .net whois records that have both the domain name as well as the IP address for the name servers, is .org different? What's the proper way to test this? Thanks.

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• What's more cost effective, Hosting your web startup on Foss or Windows?

  - by user37899

  Hi, Not coming from the windows world, I'm confused about licensing. I think my knowledge may be out of date. Before we gave up with windows web servers (IIS 2), we used to have to pay Client Access licence's. This worked out quite expensive. Is it cheaper to host 1000's of users on Windows than use Free open source software tools? http://serverfault.com/questions/124329/network-load-balancing-efficience-and-limits. This post suggests I can pay $15 a month, for unlimited users. I certainly hope that this is unbiased view, I am a professional and use the right technology for the right job. I hope i am not feeling the wrath of a windows (or linux for that matter) fanboy. Perhaps a Microsoft certified Licensing person can clear this up. Should i be recommending to startups windows servers and products over lamp? Cheers!

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• My server appears to have been hacked+ scanssh run by zabbix is it normal?

  - by Niro

  I'm running a few EC2/Scalr instances with zabbix monitoring. I received complaints about one of my servers port scanning other servers. the logs show it is accessing port 22 on consecutive IP addresses. I looked at the processes list and saw scanssh is running under the user Zabbix. My question is- Is scanssh part of zabbix? Is it suppesd to run? I have active autodiscovery on zabbix but it is looking at another IP addresses and definately not port 20. Is it possible that something in the config of zabbix agent is controlling it and not the settings on zabbix server? What can I do to find out if zabbix is somehow misbehaving or it is a hacker? Any advice is highly appreciated.

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• Combine multiple DNS filtering result

  - by Martheen Cahya Paulo

  Several DNS servers provide filtering against different categories, mostly for the local government 'undesirable content', some for malware, and some for ads. What I want is to create/use a DNS server that compare against those filtering DNS servers and only provide the address if all the DNS server agrees. For example if DNS server G provide a clean, unfiltered result, DNS server N provide malware and/or pornography filter, and DNS server F provide ad filter, then G, N and F will only provide the same/similar answer if the query is not categorized as malware, pornography, or advertising. Thus, by creating a server M that only answer if all DNS server agree, M effectively filter against all those categories. Maybe it's possible to do this on DDWRT or Tomato, but if not, I would settle for a solution that can be run in Linux/Windows.

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• Bacula vs. BackupPC

  - by chronoz

  I have been googling about the differences between them. Bacula has lots of roles BackupPC is easier to configure Bacula works with agent, not rsync (great for Windows backups) It seems that Bacula is most often compared to Amanda though, while BackupPC seems a perfectly lovely and popular backup distribution to. I currently backup my servers with rsnapshot, but I am looking for a professional scalable solution that could also back-up 50 hosts without problems. Preferably a solution that can offer bare metal restores for my Linux servers. I am not looking to reinstall the exact same version of Plesk, the software, etc...

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• IP stops working from time to time

  - by Mattias

  Hi, have a problem that I can't seem to find the reason for. We are running a small network with windows clients(XP/Win7) and windows servers(2008 sp2/2008r2). The domaincontroller is working as DC, DNS, DHCP, VPN. We have a Level1 FBR4000 between internet and our internal network. The problem is that from time to time specific IP-adresses stops working, the only way I have gotten the devices to work again is to exclude the specific IP from the DHCP address pool and getting a new IP, then everything works again. It seems as the specific IP is beeing banned/blocked somewhere but I just can't figure out where. Anyone got an idea as to where I should start to look? I could also point out that I just reinstalled all servers due to a officemove and was hoping to get away from this problem but it just showed up again. This last time it was my iPhone that got stuck through the Wi-Fi...

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• How to set up a staging apt repository to securely manage upgrades

  - by andreash

  Hello, I would like to be able to run automatic apt-get upgrade (once per hour) on our servers (Ubuntu 10.04), so that I don't have to do it manually on all of them (about 15). However, for production machines, that's not a good idea ... So here's my idea: Set up a local repository for all 'approved' updates for critical packages. I would then push updated packages from upstream to our local repo after I tested them, and all servers could automatically (apt-cron?) upgrade from this repository. So my question is this: How do I configure apt on the clients so that they use the local repository only for all packages which exist on the local repository, and the upstream one for all other packages? Does this actually make sense? Or am I missing something? Anyways, thanks for your insight! Andreas.

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• Any worker agent monitors for appliance based load balancers?

  - by Zethris

  Looking to find out to what extent an appliance load balancer can monitor servers for both failover (say for example a service like apache tomcat fails) and load balancing? Right now it looks like it's just port monitoring/connection tracking and healthcheck urls that it will heartbeat and detect as down if it doesn't come back with a finished request. We are looking at the Kemp 3500 or Loadbalancer.org solutions. Is there any sort of web application level monitoring/load balancing that these load balancers can offer that can more directly interact with the servers it's balancing?

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• Windows 2003 and 2008 AD integrated DNS zones

  - by floyd

  We have a Windows 2003 server DC1 which is our primary DC holding all FSMO roles. It also is a DNS server for our domain domain.local which is an active directory integrated zone. We also have a Windows 2008 DC name DC2 All servers have the correct DNS entries etc. However on all dns servers there are event id 4515 indicating there are duplicate zones in separate directory partitions and only one will be used until the other is removed. And I see these, there is a zone for domain.local under the default naming partition CN=System, CN=MicrosoftDNS, DC=domain.local. As well as the DomainDNSZones partition DC=DomainDNSZones, DC=DOMAIN, DC=local, CN=MicrosoftDNS It seems that the partition in the Default Naming partition is the one which is being used currently. Which one should be in use? How do I make the EventID 4515's go away? EventID 4515: http://support.microsoft.com/kb/867464 Thanks

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• Changing DNS - Forgot to change MX records for one month - Is there a way to retrieve emails that we

  - by Chris Altman

  We have our own domain. Our email is hosted by Google Apps. We switched web servers and name servers to a new provider. In the switch, I forgot to move the MX record. When people tried to send emails to our domain, there was no bounce back. We fixed the MX record and now receive email. Is there anyway to retrieve the emails that were sent in the month when there was no MX record? I doubt it because there was no MX record on our name server. Where would the emails have gone since they did not bounce back?

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• How to determine if a CentOS system is Raid-1?

  - by Tedd Johnson

  I've tried searching for this answer, but haven't found anything elegant. I have numerous servers in a colo that is in another state. I need to find a way to check that the servers have RAID-1 on them, so that I can determine if they were setup correctly by my colo. df -h shows: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00 442G 1.5G 418G 1% / /dev/sda1 99M 19M 75M 20% /boot tmpfs 4.0G 0 4.0G 0% /dev/shm however as CentOS uses LVM by default, this doesn't indicate if a RAID-1 is present. it is supposed to be a software raid, so I'm pretty sure there should be a way to check. Thanks

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• redundant/multi-site terminal server

  - by Adam

  Hi We have a Hyper-V cluster running 5 virtual terminal servers using HA. We need to be able make this system redundant and so if this site was to fail our users could log into the backup system at another location and access their data via the terminal servers. Any ideas? We were thinking of maybe using a NAS which replicated the data to the other location in real-time(pass-through disks)? and having a similar Hyper-V cluster setup in the backup location. However we would need to create the users in both location and create a virtual mirror without the data ie applications, directories, settings etc. Is this the best way to achieve this? We have read that using Hyper-v pass through disks is a big performance de-grade.

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• Open a screen session inside a certain user on boot Ubuntu Server Linux

  - by Pez Cuckow

  I currently have a private server which I test my web apps on which runs Ubuntu Server 10.04 I also host a few game servers (rather than having wasted CPU time :-D) for some of my friends. These game servers I run in the game user account and each one has it's own screen session (so friends can ssh in and reboot the game server etc...). For example screen -R l4d2 runs ./start in the L4D2 folder. However if I reboot the server (which I have to do occasionally) all these sessions close and I have to manually create all the screen sessions and run the required games within them. Is there a way to set these screen sessions as Daemons or services or just boot on server start so they restart themselves on server reboot? I hope I have made my question easy to understand but feel free to ask questions! Many thanks,

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