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• How to specify or add directory to Python.h search path during setup.py build/install

  - by ca2longoria

  I'm running Linux, and have downloaded a python module I must install without access to any but my particular /home/user directory (I have no root privileges nor the option to pursue them). This of course requires the Python source. This I've downloaded and have laying around in said user directory. While asking the admin to copy the proper files into /usr/include/python2.7 is the easiest way to go about this, I am hoping for a more general and portable solution to this kind of problem. Changing only data in the module source (MANIFEST.in, README.txt, setup.py, etc.), how might I add an arbitrary directory to the search path for Python.h and friends? (Without a solution, "python setup.py build" will continue returning with the "Python.h: No such file or directory" error) Thank you very much. (Additionally, is it acceptable to post this both here and on StackOverflow?)

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• chroot for unsecure programs execution

  - by attwad

  Hi, I have never set-up a chroot-jailed environment before and I am afraid I need some help to do it well. To explain shortly what this is all about: I have a webserver to which users send python scripts to process various files that are stored on the server (the system is for Research purpose). Everyday a cron job starts the execution of the uploaded scripts via a command of this kind: /usr/bin/python script_file.py All of this is really insecure and I would like to create a jail in which I would copy the necessary files (uploaded scripts, files to process, python binary and dependencies). I already looked at various utilities to create jails but none of them seemed up-to-date or were lacking solid documentation (ie. the links proposed in How can I run an untrusted python script) Could anyone guide me to a viable solution to my problem? like a working example of a script that creates a jail, put some files in it and executes a python script? Thank you very much.

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• Force ntpd to make changes in smaller steps

  - by David Wolever

  The NTP documentation says: Under ordinariy conditions, ntpd adjusts the clock in small steps so that the timescale is effectively continuous and without discontinuities - http://doc.ntp.org/4.1.0/ntpd.htm However, this is not at all what I have noticed in practice. If I manually change the system time backwards or forwards 5 or 10 seconds then start ntpd, I notice that it adjusts the clock in one shot. For example, with this code: #!/usr/bin/env python import time last = time.time() while True: time.sleep(1) print time.time() - last last = time.time() When I first change the time, I'll notice something like: 1.00194311142 8.29711604118 1.0010509491 Then when I start NTPd, I'll see something like: 1.00194311142 -8.117301941 1.0010509491 Is there any way to force ntpd to make the adjustments in smaller steps?

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• postfix: force server to send mail outside of localhost

  - by LoneWolfPR

  I have a php file that sends mail using the mail() function. The problem is one of the forms sends to a domain that is registerred on my server while having the mail handled on a different server. Postfix looks locally only. When it doesn't find the email address is rejects the message. How can I configure postfix to send mail to all domains through the internet and not locally? Update Ok. So it wasn't a postfix issue at all. I simply needed to turn off mail to that domain from the command line. For anyone that needs that command it is (at least on my system): /usr/local/psa/bin/domain --update example.com -mail_service false

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• Is there a way to control two instantiated systemd services as a single unit?

  - by rascalking

  I've got a couple python web services I'm trying to run on a Fedora 15 box. They're being run by paster, and the only difference in starting them is the config file they read. This seems like a good fit for systemd's instantiated services, but I'd like to be able to control them as a single unit. A systemd target that requires both services seems like the way to approach that. Starting the target does start both services, but stopping the target leaves them running. Here's the service file: [Unit] Description=AUI Instance on Port %i After=syslog.target [Service] WorkingDirectory=/usr/local/share/aui ExecStart=/opt/cogo/bin/paster serve --log-file=/var/log/aui/%i deploy-%i.ini Restart=always RestartSec=2 User=aui Group=aui [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target And here's the target file: [Unit] Description=AUI [email protected] [email protected] After=syslog.target [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target Is this kind of grouping even possible with systemd?

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• Allowing outbound traffic with APF/iptables for OpenVZ container

  - by David

  I have apf installed on a OpenVZ container (proxmox 2.1). The config is pretty much vanilla and things are working. My external services like ssh and http are working. My problem is that all outbound traffic on http/https is blocked. How do I allow all outbound traffic for http/https. If I change EGF to 1 like this, all inbound and outbound traffic gets blocked EGF="1" EG_TCP_CPORTS="21,25,80,443,43,53" EG_UDP_CPORTS="20,21,53" EG_ICMP_TYPES="all" I opened a single outbound rule with the following # /usr/local/sbin/apf -a downloads.wordpress.org How do I allow all outbound traffic on http/https without blocking all traffic? Why would I allow all inbound ssh/http traffic and block all outbound traffic?

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• unable to start apache after changes to rc.conf and resov.conf

  - by shupru

  I had a working configuration this morning with the following simple /etc/rc.conf ifconfig_rl0="DHCP" ifconfig_xl="inet 192.168.1.11 netmask 255.255.255." defaultrouter="192.168.1.1" I added the following lines: firewall_enable="YES" firewall_type="SIMPLE" firewall_logging="YES" sshd_enable="YES" apache_enable="YES" mysql_enable="YES" my httpd.conf includes: NameVirtualHost 192.168.1.11 <VirtualHost 192.168.1.11> ... </VirtualHost> now apache and ssh server are down. changed rc.conf back to last working configuration and still no ssh or apache apachectl start #--> /usr/local/sbin/apachectl start: httpd could not be started apachectl status #--> Looking up localhost Making http connection to localhost Alert!: Unable to connect to remote host.

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• what is the best setting for using lighttpd on 8G ram?

  - by user39639

  I have running 8GB ram and 8 x Xeon 3361 system! What is the best setting for running simultaneous connection! What is the maximum? Is setting like this correct? server.max-keep-alive-requests = 0 server.max-keep-alive-idle = 10 server.max-read-idle = 60 server.max-write-idle = 60 server.event-handler = "linux-sysepoll" server.max-fds = 2048 fastcgi.server = ( ".php" = ( "localhost" = ( "socket" = "/tmp/php-fastcgi.socket", "bin-path" = "/usr/bin/php-cgi", "max-procs" = 20, "bin-environment" = ( "PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN" = "40", "PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS" = "800" ), "broken-scriptfilename" = "enable" ) ) ) please help me!

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• How to whitelist a user agent for nginx?

  - by djb

  I'm trying to figure out how to whitelist a user agent from my nginx conf. All other agents should be shown a password prompt. In my naivity, I tried to put the following in before deny all: if ($http_user_agent ~* SpecialAgent ) { allow; } but I'm told "allow" directive is not allowed here (!). How can I make it work? A chunk of my config file: server { server_name site.com; root /var/www/site; auth_basic "Restricted"; auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd; allow 123.456.789.123; deny all; satisfy any; #other stuff... } Thanks for any help.

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• Mysql migrate huge db from innodb to ndbcluster Err: the table is full

  - by Nguyen Trong Nhan

  I'm trying to migrate old database to mysql cluster (4 data nodes) by using command: ALTER TABLE sample ENGINE=NDBCLUSTER but I'm getting the following error: The table '#sql-7ff3_3' is full There are approximately 300 mil rows in this table. Here are my config file: /mysql-cluster/config.ini [NDBD DEFAULT] NoOfReplicas=2 DataDir=/data/mysql-cluster/ndb/ BackupDataDir=/data/mysql-cluster/backup/ DataMemory=10G IndexMemory=5G TimeBetweenLocalCheckpoints=6 FragmentLogFileSize=256MB NoOfFragmentLogFiles=50 MaxNoOfOrderedIndexes=8000 MaxNoOfConcurrentOperations=100000 MaxNoOfTables = 10000 RedoBuffer=128M MaxNoOfAttributes=5000 MaxNoOfUniqueHashIndexes=1024 /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] basedir=/usr/local/mysql datadir=/data/mysql-cluster/mysqld/ event_scheduler=on default-storage-engine=ndbcluster ndbcluster ndb-connectstring=192.168.x.x,192.168.x.x innodb_file_per_table innodb_buffer_pool_size = 512MB key_buffer = 512M key_buffer_size = 512M sort_buffer_size = 512M table_cache = 1024 read_buffer_size = 512M

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• Java Development in Linux

  - by Zac

  I'm a developer and am brand new to Linux (Ubuntu): I'm wondering what the "best practices dictate" for what FHS directories to install various tools to. Things I'll be installing: Eclipse & plugins GlassFish SVN ...etc. I see that /opt is for holding additional ("optional") software packages, but also see /usr as a place for utils and apps. In another post a user recommended I create an entire partition for /srv alone, and to do my staging there (I assume he meant that /srv is where GlassFish and other servers should go?). So basically: what FHS directories do Linux developers use for which type of tools? Thanks for any input here

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• Nginx, logrotate and empty files

  - by tzulberti

  I have a problem with nginx/logrotate. The problems is that nginx is logging access to 2 files (main and data). I have the following contrab setting: 0 * * * * /usr/sbin/logrotate -f /home/orwell/orwell-setup/bin/logrotate-nginx And the file "logrotate-nginx" has the following content: /tmp/data.log { rotate 90 daily missingok notifempty size 1 sharedscripts postrotate [ ! -f /tmp/nginx.pid ] || kill -USR1 `cat /tmp/nginx.pid` MORE THINGS endscript } /tmp/main.log { rotate 90 daily missingok notifempty size 1 sharedscripts postrotate [ ! -f /tmp/nginx.pid ] || kill -USR1 `cat /tmp/nginx.pid` MORE THINGS endscript } The work is done in the two files, but there is a problem that nginx stops logging into those files. Both files are created, but they are empty. Any ideas why nginx stop logging info to both files?

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• Protected flash video (requires HAL) on Gentoo

  - by Mala

  I am unable to play "protected" flash video, such as Amazon Prime Instant Video. From what I've read and uncovered, this seems to be due to a lack of HAL being installed on my computer. Confirmation that it is required for protected video can be seen towards the beginning of http://helpx.adobe.com/x-productkb/multi/flash-player-11-problems-playing.html However, hal is not in the gentoo portage tree, and in any case has been deprecated and replaced by udev. How can I go about getting Amazon Prime Instant Video to work again? I was considering grabbing the source from http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/hal but the links there won't load, and trying to install it from old ebuilds or from overlays which claim to still support it (e.g. kde-sunset) result in a compilation error: In file included from addon-generic-backlight.c:38:0: /usr/include/glib-2.0/glib/gmain.h:21:2: error: #error "Only <glib.h> can be included directly." Has anyone else solved this issue?

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• Install Linux with two hard drives

  - by rdecourt

  I've a machine with two hard drives. The first one has 80 GB and the second has 120 GB. I'm about to format this machine and install Linux, and I want to install all the main partitions (/, /boot, /usr/, etc.) on the first hard disk drive (sda) and mount the /home and /var partition on second disk (sdb). Is this possible, and do I have to do something after the instalation? Or is the second hard disk drive automatically mounted? How can I do it? I won't do it, but is there any problem to mount /boot on the second hard disk drive? I'm using Ubuntu 12.04.

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• Samba users not added untill they logon first? Edit: How do I add users to tdbsam without a password prompt?

  - by glisignoli

  I add users to my server with the command useradd -m -p PASS_HASH -s /usr/sbin/nologin USERNAME Then I try to access their samba home share, but it never shows up until I login with the user: root:~$sudo login failtest Password:###### Added user failtest. Is there some way of added the user without logging in? Edit: The problem is that the user is added with the useradd command, but ubuntu seems to run an initalisation script when the user logs on for the first time. This script then adds that user to the tdbsam user database. Finding the initalisation script or the method it uses to add a user to the tdbsam database without requiring any user input (as smbpasswd -a USER prompts the user for a password). So all I need is a way to add a user+pass to the tdbsam database without prompting a user for a password (eg: samaba-add-user.sh USERNAME PASSWORD).

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• Can I fine-tune my screen brightness? (Ubuntu Studio, Thinkpad T420s)

  - by Dan S

  I am in a similar situation as question Can I fine-tune my screen brightness? . For me, Thinkpad T420s and Ubuntu Studio 11.10. The brightness keys work fine but the increments are too large. I have the /sys/class/backlight/acpi_video0 and I can see the value of actual_brightness changing as I use the brightness keys - it changes between values 0,3,6,9,12,15. None of the listed answers for fine control works here, as follows: As the root user I can echo integers to brightness in the above folder. As an ordinary user I cannot. I do not have /usr/sbin/gnome-power-backlight-helper (because I'm using xfce perhaps?), and not sure what package it's from or if installing such a package would make sense since it's not what's currently managing the backlight. How can it be done, please?

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• Crontab - stop sending mail, special case ||

  - by 2ge

  Hi all, I need to put into my crontab small command, which is checking, if lighttpd web server is running, for some reason it hangups sometimes. So I got there: * * * * * root /bin/pgrep lighttpd || /usr/local/etc/rc.d/lighttpd restart >/dev/null 2>&1 problem is, this send me mail every minute, in the mail is number of PID of lighttpd, which is running. For other crontab job, redirection work, so I assume, when is there "||", it makes problem. maybe there should be better to rewrite crontab job, so it uses exit status of pgrep, so I can avoid "||". I am using FreeBSD. Thanks for any help, for now I disabled this job

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• Java application not starting in Tomcat, Plesk 9 server

  - by netagence

  Hi I have a Plesk 9.3 CentOS 5 server on which I installed the addon to have Tomcat functions. One application I have uploaded appears in the Plesk Tomcat user panel but with a yellow exclamation mark and the error "Actual status of the application does not correspond to the status retrieved from the database". The app therefore does not run, while other uploaded test .war applications do. The server runs Tomcat tomcat5.5.23-0jpp.7.el5_2.1 which matches the requirements for the required app according the the company that made it. While searching for the solution I could find all 3 uploaded .war applications in /usr/share/tomcat5/psa-wars/domainhere.com/ but they do not seem uncompressed there even though 2 of them run fine. Not enough Tomcat / Java knowlede to go on... Any idea to help me here ? Best regards.

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• Log with iptalbes which user is delivering email to port 25

  - by Maus

  Because we got blacklisted on CBL I set up the following firewall rules with iptables: #!/bin/bash iptables -A OUTPUT -d 127.0.0.1 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 25 -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 25 -m owner --gid-owner mail -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 25 -m owner --uid-owner root -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 25 -m owner --uid-owner Debian-exim -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp -m limit --limit 15/minute -m tcp --dport 25 -j LOG --log-prefix "LOCAL_DROPPED_SPAM" iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 25 -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-port-unreachable I'm not able to connect to port 25 from localhost with another user than root or a mail group member - So it seems to work. Still some questions remain: How effective do you rate this rule-set to prevent spam coming from bad PHP-Scripts hosted on the server? Is there a way to block port 25 and 587 within the same statement? Is the usage of /usr/sbin/sendmail also limited or blocked by this rule-set? Is there a way to log the username of all other attempts which try to deliver stuff to port 25?

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• LSB Script: how do i know if something goes wrong?

  - by ianaz

  How do I know if a LSB script fails to load or where do I check the log of the lsbs scripts? I added two scripts with the following command: update-rc.d scriptname defaults And just one launches the things I need. It does not seem to be a script error since if I launch it with /etc/init.d/scriptname it works. This is my script: #!/bin/bash ### BEGIN INIT INFO # Provides: nodes # Required-Start: $remote_fs $syslog # Required-Stop: $remote_fs $syslog # Default-Start: 2 3 4 5 # Default-Stop: 0 1 6 # Short-Description: Starts all node apps # Description: Starts all node apps like AAM, AMT,... ### END INIT INFO echo "Launch Node applications with forever" export PATH=/usr/local/bin:$PATH # Starts the redis server redis-server # Starts AAM forever -o /var/log/AAM.log -e /var/log/AAM.log --spinSleepTime 2000 -m 5 start /var/nodejs/AAM/app.js

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• How to tell start-stop-daemon to update $HOME and $USER accordingly to --chuid parameter

  - by iElectric

  I'm trying to run a service that uses $HOME and $USER environment variables. I could set them in service itself, but that would only be a temporary solution. Let's say I have a script test.sh with following content: echo $USER And I run it with start-stop-daemon to see my results: $ start-stop-daemon --start --exec `pwd`/test.sh --user guest --group guest --chuid -guest root Seems like it does not update environment, maybe that should be reported as a bug? I have found a nasty hacky solution, which only works (for unknown reason) on my this simple use case: $ start-stop-daemon --exec /usr/bin/sudo --start -- -u guest -i 'echo $USER' guest I'm sure someone else stumbled upon this, I'm interested in clean solution. $ start-stop-daemon --version start-stop-daemon 1.13.11+gentoo

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• Dropbox.py on RHEL 6

  - by Timothy R. Butler

  I'm trying to run a headless install of Dropbox on RHEL 6. The daemon seems to be running, but when I try to use Dropbox's associated dropbox.py tool to control the daemon, it fails to run with the following error: Traceback (most recent call last): File "./dropbox.py", line 26, in <module> import locale File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/locale.py", line 202, in <module> import re, operator ImportError: /home/dropbox/.dropbox-dist/operator.so: undefined symbol: _PyUnicodeUCS2_AsDefaultEncodedString I'm running the current RHEL build of Python 2.6: root@cedar [/home/dropbox/.dropbox-dist]# rpm -qv python python-2.6.6-29.el6_3.3.x86_64 (I'm not sure if this would be better suited to Stack Overflow since it is on the verge of being a programming issue, but since I'm trying to use a program straight from Dropbox, I placed it here.)

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• Who should own exim4 under debian?

  - by raindog308

  Installed debian from DVD. And now I see exim4 is running owned by UID 107. There is no user 107 in my /etc/passwd. Same problem on another system (owned by UID 101), so I suspect this is a debian problem...? Running squeeze on both. So under debian, who should own the mail system? This is what I have installed: # dpkg -l | grep exim ii exim4 4.72-6+squeeze2 metapackage to ease Exim MTA (v4) installation ii exim4-base 4.72-6+squeeze2 support files for all Exim MTA (v4) packages ii exim4-config 4.72-6+squeeze2 configuration for the Exim MTA (v4) ii exim4-daemon-light 4.72-6+squeeze2 lightweight Exim MTA (v4) daemon The binary itself is owned by root: -rwsr-xr-x 1 root root 758852 May 12 2011 /usr/sbin/exim4

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• Logs being flooded from Squid for having intercepted and authentication enabled together

  - by Horace

  I have done some hefty Google'ing and I can't seem to find a single solution to this issue that I cam currently experiencing. Here is a sample configuration from squid that I have: # # DIGEST Auth # auth_param digest program /usr/sbin/digest_file_auth /etc/squid/digpass auth_param digest children 8 auth_param digest realm LHPROJECTS.LAN Network Proxy auth_param digest nonce_garbage_interval 10 minutes auth_param digest nonce_max_duration 45 minutes auth_param digest nonce_max_count 100 auth_param digest nonce_strictness on # Squid normally listens to port 3128 # Squid normally listens to port 3128 http_port 192.168.10.2:3128 transparent https_port 192.168.10.2:3128 intercept http_port 192.168.10.2:3130 As noted above, I have three ports defined, 2 of them are transparent/intercept and one is a regular http port (which I use for authentication). Which works rather well in this configuration however my logs are getting flooded of this entry authentication not applicable on intercepted requests whenever a transparent connection is made. So far, I can't seem to find any documentation that would describe how to suppress these messages ?

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• Squid stale-while-revalidate not working when max-age=0

  - by Wiliam

  Squid 2.7 always reaches backend, expected is to reach backend using stale-while-revalidate only when cache expires, not when client triggers max-age=0. Script: <?php header('Cache-Control: public, max-age=10, stale-if-error=200, stale-while-revalidate=500'); header("Last-Modified: " . gmdate("D, d M Y H:i:s") . " GMT"); sleep(2); die("OK"); And squid config: # http_port public_ip:port accel defaultsite= default hostname, if not provided http_port 80 accel defaultsite=mydomain.com # IP and port of your main application server (or multiple) cache_peer 127.0.0.1 parent 8000 0 no-query allow-miss originserver name=main # Do not tell the world that which squid version we're running httpd_suppress_version_string on # Remove the Caching Control header for upstream servers header_access Cache-Control deny all #header_access Last-Modified deny all # log all incoming traffic in Apache format logformat combined %>a %ui %un [%tl] "%rm %ru HTTP/%rv" %Hs %<st "%{Referer}>h" "%{User-Agent}>h" %Ss:%Sh access_log /usr/local/squid/var/logs/squid.log combined all cache_effective_user squid refresh_pattern . 10080 90% 999999 ignore-no-cache override-expire ignore-private icp_port 0

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