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  • Differences between Assembly Code output of the same program

    - by ultrajohn
    I have been trying to replicate the buffer overflow example3 from this article aleph one I'm doing this as a practice for a project in a computer security course i'm taking so please, I badly need your help. I've been the following the example, performing the tasks as I go along. My problem is the assembly code dumped by gdb in my computer (i'm doing this on a debian linux image running on VM Ware) is different from that of the example in the article. There are some constructs which I find confusing. Here is the one from my computer: here is the one from the article... Dump of assembler code for function main: 0x8000490 <main>: pushl %ebp 0x8000491 <main+1>: movl %esp,%ebp 0x8000493 <main+3>: subl $0x4,%esp 0x8000496 <main+6>: movl $0x0,0xfffffffc(%ebp) 0x800049d <main+13>: pushl $0x3 0x800049f <main+15>: pushl $0x2 0x80004a1 <main+17>: pushl $0x1 0x80004a3 <main+19>: call 0x8000470 <function> 0x80004a8 <main+24>: addl $0xc,%esp 0x80004ab <main+27>: movl $0x1,0xfffffffc(%ebp) 0x80004b2 <main+34>: movl 0xfffffffc(%ebp),%eax 0x80004b5 <main+37>: pushl %eax 0x80004b6 <main+38>: pushl $0x80004f8 0x80004bb <main+43>: call 0x8000378 <printf> 0x80004c0 <main+48>: addl $0x8,%esp 0x80004c3 <main+51>: movl %ebp,%esp 0x80004c5 <main+53>: popl %ebp 0x80004c6 <main+54>: ret 0x80004c7 <main+55>: nop As you can see, there are differences between the two. I'm confuse and I can't understand totally the assembly code from my computer. I would like to know the differences between the two. How is pushl different from push, mov vs movl , and so on... what does the expression 0xhexavalue(%register) means? I am sorry If I'm asking a lot, But I badly need your help. Thanks for the help really...

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  • What is the fastest (possibly unsafe) way to read a byte[]?

    - by Aidiakapi
    I'm working on a server project in C#, and after a TCP message is received, it is parsed, and stored in a byte[] of exact size. (Not a buffer of fixed length, but a byte[] of an absolute length in which all data is stored.) Now for reading this byte[] I'll be creating some wrapper functions (also for compatibility), these are the signatures of all functions I need: public byte ReadByte(); public sbyte ReadSByte(); public short ReadShort(); public ushort ReadUShort(); public int ReadInt(); public uint ReadUInt(); public float ReadFloat(); public double ReadDouble(); public string ReadChars(int length); public string ReadString(); The string is a \0 terminated string, and is probably encoded in ASCII or UTF-8, but I cannot tell that for sure, since I'm not writing the client. The data exists of: byte[] _data; int _offset; Now I can write all those functions manually, like this: public byte ReadByte() { return _data[_offset++]; } public sbyte ReadSByte() { byte r = _data[_offset++]; if (r >= 128) return (sbyte)(r - 256); else return (sbyte)r; } public short ReadShort() { byte b1 = _data[_offset++]; byte b2 = _data[_offset++]; if (b1 >= 128) return (short)(b1 * 256 + b2 - 65536); else return (short)(b1 * 256 + b2); } public short ReadUShort() { byte b1 = _data[_offset++]; return (short)(b1 * 256 + _data[_offset++]); } But I wonder if there's a faster way, not excluding the use of unsafe code, since this seems a little bit too much work for simple processing.

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  • Adding Functions to an Implementation of Vector

    - by Meursault
    I have this implementation of vector that I've been working on for a few days using examples from a textbook: #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <cassert> #include <algorithm> #include <cstring> // Vector.h using namespace std; template <class T> class Vector { public: typedef T * iterator; Vector(); Vector(unsigned int size); Vector(unsigned int size, const T & initial); Vector(const Vector<T> & v); // copy constructor ~Vector(); unsigned int capacity() const; // return capacity of vector (in elements) unsigned int size() const; // return the number of elements in the vector bool empty() const; iterator begin(); // return an iterator pointing to the first element iterator end(); // return an iterator pointing to one past the last element T & front(); // return a reference to the first element T & back(); // return a reference to the last element void push_back(const T & value); // add a new element void pop_back(); // remove the last element void reserve(unsigned int capacity); // adjust capacity void resize(unsigned int size); // adjust size void erase(unsigned int size); // deletes an element from the vector T & operator[](unsigned int index); // return reference to numbered element Vector<T> & operator=(const Vector<T> &); private: unsigned int my_size; unsigned int my_capacity; T * buffer; }; template<class T>// Vector<T>::Vector() { my_capacity = 0; my_size = 0; buffer = 0; } template<class T> Vector<T>::Vector(const Vector<T> & v) { my_size = v.my_size; my_capacity = v.my_capacity; buffer = new T[my_size]; for (int i = 0; i < my_size; i++) buffer[i] = v.buffer[i]; } template<class T>// Vector<T>::Vector(unsigned int size) { my_capacity = size; my_size = size; buffer = new T[size]; } template<class T>// Vector<T>::Vector(unsigned int size, const T & initial) { my_size = size; //added = size my_capacity = size; buffer = new T [size]; for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) buffer[i] = initial; } template<class T>// Vector<T> & Vector<T>::operator = (const Vector<T> & v) { delete[ ] buffer; my_size = v.my_size; my_capacity = v.my_capacity; buffer = new T [my_size]; for (int i = 0; i < my_size; i++) buffer[i] = v.buffer[i]; return *this; } template<class T>// typename Vector<T>::iterator Vector<T>::begin() { return buffer; } template<class T>// typename Vector<T>::iterator Vector<T>::end() { return buffer + size(); } template<class T>// T& Vector<T>::Vector<T>::front() { return buffer[0]; } template<class T>// T& Vector<T>::Vector<T>::back() { return buffer[size - 1]; } template<class T> void Vector<T>::push_back(const T & v) { if (my_size >= my_capacity) reserve(my_capacity +5); buffer [my_size++] = v; } template<class T>// void Vector<T>::pop_back() { my_size--; } template<class T>// void Vector<T>::reserve(unsigned int capacity) { if(buffer == 0) { my_size = 0; my_capacity = 0; } if (capacity <= my_capacity) return; T * new_buffer = new T [capacity]; assert(new_buffer); copy (buffer, buffer + my_size, new_buffer); my_capacity = capacity; delete[] buffer; buffer = new_buffer; } template<class T>// unsigned int Vector<T>::size()const { return my_size; } template<class T>// void Vector<T>::resize(unsigned int size) { reserve(size); my_size = size; } template<class T>// T& Vector<T>::operator[](unsigned int index) { return buffer[index]; } template<class T>// unsigned int Vector<T>::capacity()const { return my_capacity; } template<class T>// Vector<T>::~Vector() { delete[]buffer; } template<class T> void Vector<T>::erase(unsigned int size) { } int main() { Vector<int> v; v.reserve(2); assert(v.capacity() == 2); Vector<string> v1(2); assert(v1.capacity() == 2); assert(v1.size() == 2); assert(v1[0] == ""); assert(v1[1] == ""); v1[0] = "hi"; assert(v1[0] == "hi"); Vector<int> v2(2, 7); assert(v2[1] == 7); Vector<int> v10(v2); assert(v10[1] == 7); Vector<string> v3(2, "hello"); assert(v3.size() == 2); assert(v3.capacity() == 2); assert(v3[0] == "hello"); assert(v3[1] == "hello"); v3.resize(1); assert(v3.size() == 1); assert(v3[0] == "hello"); Vector<string> v4 = v3; assert(v4.size() == 1); assert(v4[0] == v3[0]); v3[0] = "test"; assert(v4[0] != v3[0]); assert(v4[0] == "hello"); v3.pop_back(); assert(v3.size() == 0); Vector<int> v5(7, 9); Vector<int>::iterator it = v5.begin(); while (it != v5.end()) { assert(*it == 9); ++it; } Vector<int> v6; v6.push_back(100); assert(v6.size() == 1); assert(v6[0] == 100); v6.push_back(101); assert(v6.size() == 2); assert(v6[0] == 100); v6.push_back(101); cout << "SUCCESS\n"; } So far it works pretty well, but I want to add a couple of functions to it that I can't find examples for, a SWAP function that would look at two elements of the vector and switch their values and and an ERASE function that would delete a specific value or range of values in the vector. How should I begin implementing the two extra functions?

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  • NEC Corporation uPD720200 USB 3.0 controller doesn't run at full speed

    - by Radek Zyskowski
    I have fresh install of Ubuntu 10.10. I have external HD on USB 3.0. Trying to connect this via PCI Express NEC controller. dmesg: [ 8966.820078] usb 6-3: new high speed USB device using xhci_hcd and address 0 [ 8966.839831] xhci_hcd 0000:02:00.0: WARN: short transfer on control ep [ 8966.840580] xhci_hcd 0000:02:00.0: WARN: short transfer on control ep [ 8966.841329] xhci_hcd 0000:02:00.0: WARN: short transfer on control ep [ 8966.842079] xhci_hcd 0000:02:00.0: WARN: short transfer on control ep [ 8966.843343] scsi8 : usb-storage 6-3:1.0 [ 8967.847144] scsi 8:0:0:0: Direct-Access SAMSUNG HD204UI 1AQ1 PQ: 0 ANSI: 5 [ 8967.847589] sd 8:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg2 type 0 [ 8967.847923] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdb] 3907029168 512-byte logical blocks: (2.00 TB/1.81 TiB) [ 8967.848341] xhci_hcd 0000:02:00.0: WARN: Stalled endpoint [ 8967.850959] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdb] Write Protect is off [ 8967.850963] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdb] Mode Sense: 23 00 00 00 [ 8967.850966] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through [ 8967.851818] xhci_hcd 0000:02:00.0: WARN: Stalled endpoint [ 8967.852365] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through [ 8967.852370] sdb: sdb1 [ 8967.871315] xhci_hcd 0000:02:00.0: WARN: Stalled endpoint [ 8967.871853] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through [ 8967.871856] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI disk [ 8967.950728] xhci_hcd 0000:02:00.0: WARN: Stalled endpoint [ 8967.951355] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdb] Sense Key : Recovered Error [current] [descriptor] [ 8967.951361] Descriptor sense data with sense descriptors (in hex): [ 8967.951363] 72 01 04 1d 00 00 00 0e 09 0c 00 00 00 00 00 00 [ 8967.951375] 00 00 00 00 00 50 [ 8967.951380] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdb] ASC=0x4 ASCQ=0x1d [ 8968.790076] xhci_hcd 0000:02:00.0: HC died; cleaning up [ 8968.790076] usb 6-3: USB disconnect, address 2 [ 8999.008554] scsi 8:0:0:0: [sdb] Unhandled error code [ 8999.008558] scsi 8:0:0:0: [sdb] Result: hostbyte=DID_TIME_OUT driverbyte=DRIVER_OK [ 8999.008562] scsi 8:0:0:0: [sdb] CDB: Read(10): 28 00 74 70 97 39 00 00 3e 00 [ 8999.008573] end_request: I/O error, dev sdb, sector 1953535801 [ 8999.008578] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 1953535738 [ 8999.008582] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 1953535739 [ 8999.008585] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 1953535740 [ 8999.008589] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 1953535741 [ 8999.008592] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 1953535742 [ 8999.008595] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 1953535743 [ 8999.008600] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 1953535744 [ 8999.008603] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 1953535745 [ 8999.008606] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 1953535746 [ 8999.008609] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 1953535747 [ 8999.008642] scsi 8:0:0:0: rejecting I/O to offline device [ 8999.008747] scsi 8:0:0:0: [sdb] Unhandled error code [ 8999.008749] scsi 8:0:0:0: [sdb] Result: hostbyte=DID_NO_CONNECT driverbyte=DRIVER_OK [ 8999.008752] scsi 8:0:0:0: [sdb] CDB: Read(10): 28 00 74 70 97 77 00 00 3e 00 [ 8999.008760] end_request: I/O error, dev sdb, sector 1953535863 sudo lspci -v 2:00.0 USB Controller: NEC Corporation uPD720200 USB 3.0 Host Controller (rev 03) (prog-if 30) Physical Slot: 32 Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 16 Memory at fe9fe000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=8K] Capabilities: [50] Power Management version 3 Capabilities: [70] MSI: Enable- Count=1/8 Maskable- 64bit+ Capabilities: [90] MSI-X: Enable- Count=8 Masked- Capabilities: [a0] Express Endpoint, MSI 00 Capabilities: [100] Advanced Error Reporting Capabilities: [140] Device Serial Number ff-ff-ff-ff-ff-ff-ff-ff Capabilities: [150] #18 Kernel driver in use: xhci_hcd Kernel modules: xhci-hcd If I try to put into this controller any USB 2.0, it works fine. But USB 3.0 nope. Any idea?

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  • Boggling Direct3D9 dynamic vertex buffer Lock crash/post-lock failure on Intel GMA X3100.

    - by nj
    Hi, For starters I'm a fairly seasoned graphics programmer but as wel all know, everyone makes mistakes. Unfortunately the codebase is a bit too large to start throwing sensible snippets here and re-creating the whole situation in an isolated CPP/codebase is too tall an order -- for which I am sorry, do not have the time. I'll do my best to explain. B.t.w, I will of course supply specific pieces of code if someone wonders how I'm handling this-or-that! As with all resources in the D3DPOOL_DEFAULT pool, when the device context is taken away from you you'll sooner or later will have to reset your resources. I've built a mechanism to handle this for all relevant resources that's been working for years; but that fact nothingwithstanding I've of course checked, asserted and doubted any assumption since this bug came to light. What happens is as follows: I have a rather large dynamic vertex buffer, exact size 18874368 bytes. This buffer is locked (and discarded fully using the D3DLOCK_DISCARD flag) each frame prior to generating dynamic geometry (isosurface-related, f.y.i) to it. This works fine, until, of course, I start to reset. It might take 1 time, it might take 2 or it might take 5 resets to set off a bug that causes an access violation either on the pointer returned by the Lock() operation on the renewed resource or a plain crash -- regarding a somewhat similar address, but without the offset that it has tacked on to it in the first case because in that case we're somewhere halfway writing -- iside the D3D9 dll Lock() call. I've tested this on other hardware, upgraded my GMA X3100 drivers (using a MacBook with BootCamp) to the latest ones, but I can't reproduce it on any other machine and I'm at a loss about what's wrong here. I have tried to reproduce a similar situation with a similar buffer (I've got a large scratch pad of the same type I filled with quads) and beyond a certain amount of bytes it started to behave likewise. I'm not asking for a solution here but I'm very interested if there are other developers here who have battled with the same foe or maybe some who can point me in some insightful direction, maybe ask some questions that might shed a light on what I may or may not be overlooking. Another interesting artifact is that the vertex buffer starts to bug if I supply both D3DLOCK_DISCARD and D3DLOCK_NOOVERWRITE together which, even though not very logical (you're not going to overwrite if you've just discarded all), gives graphics glitches. Thanks and any corrections are more than welcome. Niels p.s - A friend of mine raised the valid point that it is a huge buffer for onboard video RAM and it's being at least double or triple buffered internally due to it's dynamic nature. On the other hand, the debug output (D3D9 debug DLL + max. warning output) remains silent. p.s 2 - Had it tested on more machines and still works -- it's probably a matter of circumstance: the huge dynamic, internally double/trippled buffered buffer, not a lot of memory and drivers that don't complain when they should.. Unless someone has a better suggestion; I'd still love to hear it :)

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  • how to make the vim plugin "Project" and "Mini Buffer Explorer" work together?

    - by SunLiWei
    As the title says, I need to make these plugins work together well. The mini buffer explorer just automatically opens after I open the second file(press Enter in project plugin window), then Mini Buffer Explorer opens as the third window on the top of my screen. But after I switch back to project plugin window and press Enter to open the third file, a fourth window opened! It seems project plugin can't overwrite the second file's window. Project plugin 1.4.1 Mini Buffer Explorer plugin 6.4.0

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  • System.Net.Sockets.SocketException: An existing connection was forcibly closed by the remote host

    - by coffeeaddict
    We have 2 identical database tables on our dev server. In both is a table that holds an X509Certificate2 data in one of its fields. When I grab the cert along with the password that I've been using all along, it works over the first database just fine. I run the same code though over the 2nd database and get this error and I don't get why if the setup is exactly the same and the database is also on this server. So I'm not sure why when I switch my connection string to talk to Database2, even though it's setup the same and the code I'm running over it is the same, it complains. Here's the stack trace: An existing connection was forcibly closed by the remote host Description: An unhandled exception occurred during the execution of the current web request. Please review the stack trace for more information about the error and where it originated in the code. Exception Details: System.Net.Sockets.SocketException: An existing connection was forcibly closed by the remote host Source Error: An unhandled exception was generated during the execution of the current web request. Information regarding the origin and location of the exception can be identified using the exception stack trace below. Stack Trace: [SocketException (0x2746): An existing connection was forcibly closed by the remote host] System.Net.Sockets.NetworkStream.Read(Byte[] buffer, Int32 offset, Int32 size) +232 [IOException: Unable to read data from the transport connection: An existing connection was forcibly closed by the remote host.] System.Net.Sockets.NetworkStream.Read(Byte[] buffer, Int32 offset, Int32 size) +7035903 System.Net.FixedSizeReader.ReadPacket(Byte[] buffer, Int32 offset, Int32 count) +58 System.Net.Security.SslState.StartReadFrame(Byte[] buffer, Int32 readBytes, AsyncProtocolRequest asyncRequest) +116 System.Net.Security.SslState.StartReceiveBlob(Byte[] buffer, AsyncProtocolRequest asyncRequest) +123 System.Net.Security.SslState.ProcessReceivedBlob(Byte[] buffer, Int32 count, AsyncProtocolRequest asyncRequest) +86 System.Net.Security.SslState.StartReceiveBlob(Byte[] buffer, AsyncProtocolRequest asyncRequest) +123 System.Net.Security.SslState.ProcessReceivedBlob(Byte[] buffer, Int32 count, AsyncProtocolRequest asyncRequest) +86 System.Net.Security.SslState.StartReceiveBlob(Byte[] buffer, AsyncProtocolRequest asyncRequest) +123 System.Net.Security.SslState.ProcessReceivedBlob(Byte[] buffer, Int32 count, AsyncProtocolRequest asyncRequest) +86 System.Net.Security.SslState.StartReceiveBlob(Byte[] buffer, AsyncProtocolRequest asyncRequest) +123 System.Net.Security.SslState.ForceAuthentication(Boolean receiveFirst, Byte[] buffer, AsyncProtocolRequest asyncRequest) +7184357 System.Net.Security.SslState.ProcessAuthentication(LazyAsyncResult lazyResult) +217 System.Threading.ExecutionContext.runTryCode(Object userData) +376 System.Runtime.CompilerServices.RuntimeHelpers.ExecuteCodeWithGuaranteedCleanup(TryCode code, CleanupCode backoutCode, Object userData) +0 System.Threading.ExecutionContext.Run(ExecutionContext executionContext, ContextCallback callback, Object state) +98 System.Net.TlsStream.ProcessAuthentication(LazyAsyncResult result) +1134 System.Net.TlsStream.Write(Byte[] buffer, Int32 offset, Int32 size) +88 System.Net.PooledStream.Write(Byte[] buffer, Int32 offset, Int32 size) +20 System.Net.ConnectStream.WriteHeaders(Boolean async) +360 [WebException: The underlying connection was closed: An unexpected error occurred on a send.] System.Web.Services.Protocols.WebClientProtocol.GetWebResponse(WebRequest request) +857631 System.Web.Services.Protocols.HttpWebClientProtocol.GetWebResponse(WebRequest request) +10 System.Web.Services.Protocols.SoapHttpClientProtocol.Invoke(String methodName, Object[] parameters) +243 Pmall.PayPal.PayPalApi.PayPalAPIAASoapBinding.SetExpressCheckout(SetExpressCheckoutReq SetExpressCheckoutReq) in C:\www\ssss\ssss\ssss\ssss\Reference.cs:1304 ssss.PayPal.ExpressCheckout.PayPalCheckout.SetExpressCheckout(PaymentDetailsType[] paymentDetails, String returnURL, String cancelURL, PayPalPaymentFlowType paymentFlowType) in C:\www\ssss\ssss\ssss\PayPalCheckout.cs:96 ssss.Web.ssss.SetExpressCheckout() in C:\www\ssss\ssss\ssss.aspx.cs:83 ssss.Web.ssss.Page_Load(Object sender, EventArgs e) in C:\www\ssss\ssss\Register.aspx.cs:24 System.Web.Util.CalliHelper.EventArgFunctionCaller(IntPtr fp, Object o, Object t, EventArgs e) +25 System.Web.Util.CalliEventHandlerDelegateProxy.Callback(Object sender, EventArgs e) +42 System.Web.UI.Control.OnLoad(EventArgs e) +132 System.Web.UI.Control.LoadRecursive() +66 System.Web.UI.Page.ProcessRequestMain(Boolean includeStagesBeforeAsyncPoint, Boolean includeStagesAfterAsyncPoint) +2428

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  • MIPS: removing non alpha-numeric characters from a string

    - by Kron
    I'm in the process of writing a program in MIPS that will determine whether or not a user entered string is a palindrome. It has three subroutines which are under construction. Here is the main block of code, subroutines to follow with relevant info: .data Buffer: .asciiz " " # 80 bytes in Buffer intro: .asciiz "Hello, please enter a string of up to 80 characters. I will then tell you if that string was a palindrome!" .text main: li $v0, 4 # print_string call number la $a0, intro # pointer to string in memory syscall li $v0, 8 #syscall code for reading string la $a0, Buffer #save read string into buffer li $a1, 80 #string is 80 bytes long syscall li $s0, 0 #i = 0 li $t0, 80 #max for i to reach la $a0, Buffer jal stripNonAlpha li $v0, 4 # print_string call number la $a0, Buffer # pointer to string in memory syscall li $s0, 0 jal findEnd jal toUpperCase li $v0, 4 # print_string call number la $a0, Buffer # pointer to string in memory syscall Firstly, it's supposed to remove all non alpha-numeric characters from the string before hand, but when it encounters a character designated for removal, all characters after that are removed. stripNonAlpha: beq $s0, $t0, stripEnd #if i = 80 end add $t4, $s0, $a0 #address of Buffer[i] in $t4 lb $s1, 0($t4) #load value of Buffer[i] addi $s0, $s0, 1 #i = i + 1 slti $t1, $s1, 48 #if ascii code is less than 48 bne $t1, $zero, strip #remove ascii character slti $t1, $s1, 58 #if ascii code is greater than 57 #and slti $t2, $s1, 65 #if ascii code is less than 65 slt $t3, $t1, $t2 bne $t3, $zero, strip #remove ascii character slti $t1, $s1, 91 #if ascii code is greater than 90 #and slti $t2, $s1, 97 #if ascii code is less than 97 slt $t3, $t1, $t2 bne $t3, $zero, strip #remove ascii character slti $t1, $s1, 123 #if ascii character is greater than 122 beq $t1, $zero, strip #remove ascii character j stripNonAlpha #go to stripNonAlpha strip: #add $t5, $s0, $a0 #address of Buffer[i] in $t5 sb $0, 0($t4) #Buffer[i] = 0 #addi $s0, $s0, 1 #i = i + 1 j stripNonAlpha #go to stripNonAlpha stripEnd: la $a0, Buffer #save modified string into buffer jr $ra #return Secondly, it is supposed to convert all lowercase characters to uppercase. toUpperCase: beq $s0, $s2, upperEnd add $t4, $s0, $a0 lb $s1, 0($t4) addi $s1, $s1, 1 slti $t1, $s1, 97 #beq $t1, $zero, upper slti $t2, $s1, 123 slt $t3, $t1, $t2 bne $t1, $zero, upper j toUpperCase upper: add $t5, $s0, $a0 addi $t6, $t6, -32 sb $t6, 0($t5) j toUpperCase upperEnd: la $a0, Buffer jr $ra The final subroutine, which checks if the string is a palindrome isn't anywhere near complete at the moment. I'm having trouble finding the end of the string because I'm not sure what PC-SPIM uses as the carriage return character. Any help is appreciated, I have the feeling most of my problems result from something silly and stupid so feel free to point out anything, no matter how small.

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  • Call HttpWebRequest in another thread as UI with Task class - avoid to dispose object created in Task scope

    - by John
    I would like call HttpWebRequest on another thread as UI, because I must make 200 request or server and downloaded image. My scenation is that I make a request on server, create image and return image. This I make in another thread. I use Task class, but it call automaticaly Dispose method on all object created in task scope. So I return null object from this method. public BitmapImage CreateAvatar(Uri imageUri, int sex) { if (imageUri == null) return CreateDefaultAvatar(sex); BitmapImage image = null; new Task(() => { var request = WebRequest.Create(imageUri); var response = request.GetResponse(); using (var stream = response.GetResponseStream()) { Byte[] buffer = new Byte[response.ContentLength]; int offset = 0, actuallyRead = 0; do { actuallyRead = stream.Read(buffer, offset, buffer.Length - offset); offset += actuallyRead; } while (actuallyRead > 0); image = new BitmapImage { CreateOptions = BitmapCreateOptions.None, CacheOption = BitmapCacheOption.OnLoad }; image.BeginInit(); image.StreamSource = new MemoryStream(buffer); image.EndInit(); image.Freeze(); } }).Start(); return image; } How avoid it? Thank Mr. Jon Skeet try this: private Stream GetImageStream(Uri imageUri) { Byte[] buffer = null; //new Task(() => //{ var request = WebRequest.Create(imageUri); var response = request.GetResponse(); using (var stream = response.GetResponseStream()) { buffer= new Byte[response.ContentLength]; int offset = 0, actuallyRead = 0; do { actuallyRead = stream.Read(buffer, offset, buffer.Length - offset); offset += actuallyRead; } while (actuallyRead > 0); } //}).Start(); return new MemoryStream(buffer); } It return object which is null a than try this: private Stream GetImageStream(Uri imageUri) { Byte[] buffer = null; new Task(() => { var request = WebRequest.Create(imageUri); var response = request.GetResponse(); using (var stream = response.GetResponseStream()) { buffer= new Byte[response.ContentLength]; int offset = 0, actuallyRead = 0; do { actuallyRead = stream.Read(buffer, offset, buffer.Length - offset); offset += actuallyRead; } while (actuallyRead > 0); } }).Start(); return new MemoryStream(buffer); } Method above return null

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  • Split string in C every white space

    - by redsolja
    I want to write a program in C that displays each word of a whole sentence (taken as input) at a seperate line. This is what i have done so far: void manipulate(char *buffer); int get_words(char *buffer); int main(){ char buff[100]; printf("sizeof %d\nstrlen %d\n", sizeof(buff), strlen(buff)); // Debugging reasons bzero(buff, sizeof(buff)); printf("Give me the text:\n"); fgets(buff, sizeof(buff), stdin); manipulate(buff); return 0; } int get_words(char *buffer){ // Function that gets the word count, by counting the spaces. int count; int wordcount = 0; char ch; for (count = 0; count < strlen(buffer); count ++){ ch = buffer[count]; if((isblank(ch)) || (buffer[count] == '\0')){ // if the character is blank, or null byte add 1 to the wordcounter wordcount += 1; } } printf("%d\n\n", wordcount); return wordcount; } void manipulate(char *buffer){ int words = get_words(buffer); char *newbuff[words]; char *ptr; int count = 0; int count2 = 0; char ch = '\n'; ptr = buffer; bzero(newbuff, sizeof(newbuff)); for (count = 0; count < 100; count ++){ ch = buffer[count]; if (isblank(ch) || buffer[count] == '\0'){ buffer[count] = '\0'; if((newbuff[count2] = (char *)malloc(strlen(buffer))) == NULL) { printf("MALLOC ERROR!\n"); exit(-1); } strcpy(newbuff[count2], ptr); printf("\n%s\n",newbuff[count2]); ptr = &buffer[count + 1]; count2 ++; } } } Although the output is what i want, i have really many black spaces after the final word displayed, and the malloc() returns NULL so the MALLOC ERROR! is displayed in the end. I can understand that there is a mistake at my malloc() implementation but i do not know what it is. Is there another more elegant - generally better way to do it? Thanks in advance.

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  • DirectX11 CreateWICTextureFromMemory Using PNG

    - by seethru
    I've currently got textures loading using CreateWICTextureFromFile however I'd like a little more control over it, and I'd like to store images in their byte form in a resource loader. Below is just two sets of test code that return two separate results and I'm looking for any insight into a possible solution. ID3D11ShaderResourceView* srv; std::basic_ifstream<unsigned char> file("image.png", std::ios::binary); file.seekg(0,std::ios::end); int length = file.tellg(); file.seekg(0,std::ios::beg); unsigned char* buffer = new unsigned char[length]; file.read(&buffer[0],length); file.close(); HRESULT hr; hr = DirectX::CreateWICTextureFromMemory(_D3D->GetDevice(), _D3D->GetDeviceContext(), &buffer[0], sizeof(buffer), nullptr, &srv, NULL); As a return for the above code I get Component not found. std::ifstream file; ID3D11ShaderResourceView* srv; file.open("../Assets/Textures/osg.png", std::ios::binary); file.seekg(0,std::ios::end); int length = file.tellg(); file.seekg(0,std::ios::beg); std::vector<char> buffer(length); file.read(&buffer[0],length); file.close(); HRESULT hr; hr = DirectX::CreateWICTextureFromMemory(_D3D->GetDevice(), _D3D->GetDeviceContext(), (const uint8_t*)&buffer[0], sizeof(buffer), nullptr, &srv, NULL); The above code returns that the image format is unknown. I'm clearly doing something wrong here, any help is greatly appreciated. Tried finding anything even similar on stackoverflow, and google to no avail.

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  • Writing data over RxTx using usbserial?

    - by Jeach
    I'm using the RxTx library over usbserial on a Linux distro. The RxTx lib seems to behave quite differently (in a bad way) than how it works over serial. One of my biggest problems is that the RxTx SerialPortEvent.OUTPUT_BUFFER_EMPTY does not work on linux over usbserial. How do I know when I should write to the stream? Any indicators I might have missed? So far my experience with writing and reading concurrently have not been great. Does anyone know if I should lock the DATA_AVAILABLE handler from being invoked while I'm writing on the stream? Or RxTx accepts concurrent read/writes? Thanks in advance

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  • Use JTS topology in JavaFx

    - by borovsky
    I have some polygon in jts topology library. if I want to draw on javafx pane I do: Polygon poly=new Polygon();//javafx //g is geometry of jts for (Coordinate coord : g.getCoordinates()) { poly.getPoints().addAll(coord.x, coord.y); } and got extra four edges that are not expected: but the same data look good in test builder: what is wrong? order of traversing the geometry? any ideas?

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  • Android - Buffering Lag with VideoView

    - by Chris
    I am using VideoView to display a video in my app. The problem is that, once the layout gets created there is lag of almost 10-30 seconds before which the video starts to play. I can see in LogCat that the video is buffering during the lag. Is there a way I can minimize this lag, or tell MediaPlayer to play the video sooner? Thanks Chris

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  • Stack Overflow Exploit in C

    - by Fernando Gonzalez
    Hey there guys, the question is actually about stack overflows in C. I have an assigment that I can not get done for the life of me, i've looked at everything in the gdb and I just cant figure it. The question is the following: int i,n; void confused() { printf("who called me"); exit(0); } void shell_call(char *c) { printf(" ***Now calling \"%s\" shell command *** \n",c); system(c); exit(0); } void victim_func() { int a[4]; printf("[8]:%x\n", &a[8]); printf("Enter n: "); scanf("%d",&n); printf("Enter %d HEX Values \n",n); for(i=0;i<n;i++) scanf("%x",&a[i]); printf("Done reading junk numbers\n"); } int main() { printf("ls=736c --- ps = 7370 --- cal = 6c6163\n"); printf("location of confused %x \n", confused); printf("location of shell_call %x \n", shell_call); victim_func(); printf("Done, thank you\n"); } Ok, so I managed to get the first question correctly, which is to arbitrarily call one of the two functions not explicitly called in the main path. By the way, this has to be done while running the program without any modifications. I did this by running the program, setting N to 7, which gets me to the Function Pointer of the victim_func frame, I write a[7] with the memory address of confused or shell_call, and it works. (I have a 64 bit machine, thats why I have to get it to 7, since the EBI pointer is 2 ints wide, instead of 1) My question is the following, how could I control which argument gets passed to the shell_code funcion? ie. how do i write a string to char* c. The whole point is executing unix commands like "ps" etc, by running only the program. I figured writing the EBI pointer with the hex representation of "ps" and setting the arg list of shell_call to that, but that didn't work. I also tried inputing argsv arguments and setting the arg list of shell_call to the arg_list of main, but didnt work either. I think the second version should work, but i believe im not setting the arg list of the new stack frame correctly ( I did it by writing a[8] to 0, since its the first part of the functin pointer, and writing a[9]=736c and a[10]=0000, but its probably not right since those are the parameters of victim_func. So how do i access the parameters of shell_call?

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  • How to play an .mp3 using QBuffer with Phonon in a PyQt Qt environment

    - by thedax
    With the code I have right now I CAN play .mp3 data from files succesfully. However I need to play the same data using a QtCore.QBuffer (NOT from a file). When I use the example of the docs it errors an unexpected type of QBuffer! However...... that is what it SHOULD see, according to the docs. But............... it throws: TypeError: Phonon.MediaObject.setCurrentSource(Phonon.MediaSource): argument 1 has unexpected type 'QBuffer' The code I use is (1): someBuffer = QtCore.QBuffer() someBuffer.writeData(TrackData) mediaObject.setCurrentSource(someBuffer) I also tried (2): someBuffer = QtCore.QBuffer() mediaObject.setCurrentSource(someBuffer) someBuffer.writeData(TrackData) and (3): someBuffer = QtCore.QBuffer() someBuffer.writeData(TrackData) mediaObject.setCurrentSource(Phonon.MediaSource(someBuffer)) The last example (3) throws an different ERROR and wipes my Gui off screen ;-) ASSERT: "d-connected" in file /builddir/build/BUILD/phonon-4.5.1/phonon/streaminterface.cpp, line xxxx Notes: TrackData contains the mp3 data and IS PLAYING OK when I write it to a File and use that as a resource to mediaObject.setCurrentSource(Phonon.MediaSource())I also experimented with a QByteArray but that leads to the same "unexpected QBuffer" error. To be more precise everything I feed setCurrentSource is not accepted. Tried a string (errors an unexpected type of String), tried a QBuffer (errors an unexpected type of QBuffer), tried a QByteArray (errors an unexpected type of QByteArray). BTW: I run Qt, PyQt on Linux. Any ideas??

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  • C++ cin keeps skipping.....

    - by user69514
    I am having problems with my program. WHen I run it, it asks the user for the album, the title, but then it just exits the loop without asking for the price and the sale tax. Any ideas what's going on? This is a sample run Discounts effective for September 15, 2010 Classical 8% Country 4% International 17% Jazz 0% Rock 16% Show 12% Are there more transactions? Y/N y Enter Artist of CD: Sevendust Enter Title of CD: Self titled Enter Genre of CD: Rock enter price Are there more transactions? Y/N Thank you for shopping with us! Program code: #include <iostream> #include <string> using namespace std; int counter = 0; string discount_tiles[] = {"Classical", "Country", "International", "Jazz", "Rock", "Show"}; int discount_amounts[] = {8, 4, 17, 0, 16, 12, 14}; string date = "September 15, 2010"; // Array Declerations //Artist array char** artist = new char *[100]; //Title array char** title = new char *[100]; //Genres array char** genres = new char *[100]; //Price array double* price[100]; //Discount array double* tax[100]; // sale price array double* sale_price[100]; //sale tax array double* sale_tax[100]; //cash price array double* cash_price[100]; //Begin Prototypes char* getArtist(); char* getTitle(); char* getGenre(); double* getPrice(); double* getTax(); unsigned int* AssignDiscounts(); void ReadTransaction (char ** artist, char ** title, char ** genre, float ** cash, float & taxrate, int albumcount); void computesaleprice(); bool AreThereMore (); //End Prototypes bool areThereMore () { char answer; cout << "Are there more transactions? Y/N" << endl; cin >> answer; if (answer =='y' || answer =='Y') return true; else return false; } char* getArtist() { char * artist= new char [100]; cout << "Enter Artist of CD: " << endl; cin.getline(artist,100); cin.ignore(); return artist; } char* getTitle() { char * title= new char [100]; cout << "Enter Title of CD: " << endl; cin.getline(title,100); cin.ignore(); return title; } char* getGenre() { char * genre= new char [100]; cout << "Enter Genre of CD: " << endl; cin.getline(genre,100); cin.ignore(); return genre; } double* getPrice() { //double* price = new double(); //cout << "Enter Price of CD: " << endl; //cin >> *price; //return price; double p = 0.0; cout<< "enter price" << endl; cin >> p; cin.ignore(); double* pp = &p; return pp; } double* getTax() { double* tax= new double(); cout << "Enter local sales tax: " << endl; cin >> *tax; return tax; } int findDiscount(string str){ if(str.compare(discount_tiles[0]) == 0) return discount_amounts[0]; else if(str.compare(discount_tiles[0]) == 0) return discount_amounts[1]; else if(str.compare(discount_tiles[0]) == 0) return discount_amounts[2]; else if(str.compare(discount_tiles[0]) == 0) return discount_amounts[3]; else if(str.compare(discount_tiles[0]) == 0) return discount_amounts[4]; else if(str.compare(discount_tiles[0]) == 0) return discount_amounts[5]; else{ cout << "Error in findDiscount function" << endl; return 0; } } void computesaleprice() { /** fill in array for all purchases **/ for( int i=0; i<=counter; i++){ double temp = *price[i]; temp -= findDiscount(genres[i]); double* tmpPntr = new double(); tmpPntr = &temp; sale_price[i] = tmpPntr; delete(&temp); delete(tmpPntr); } } void printDailyDiscounts(){ cout << "Discounts effective for " << date << endl; for(int i=0; i < 6; i++){ cout << discount_tiles[i] << "\t" << discount_amounts[i] << "%" << endl; } } //Begin Main int main () { for( int i=0; i<100; i++){ artist[i]=new char [100]; title[i]=new char [100]; genres[i]=new char [100]; price[i] = new double(0.0); tax[i] = new double(0.0); } // End Array Decleration printDailyDiscounts(); bool flag = true; while(flag == true){ if(areThereMore() == true){ artist[counter] = getArtist(); title[counter] = getTitle(); genres[counter] = getGenre(); price[counter] = getPrice(); //tax[counter] = getTax(); //counter++; flag = true; } else { flag = false; } } //compute sale prices //computesaleprice(); cout << "Thank you for shopping with us!" << endl; return 0; } //End Main /** void ReadTransaction (char ** artist, char ** title, char ** genre, float ** cash, float & taxrate, int albumcount) { strcpy(artist[albumcount],getArtist()); strcpy(title[albumcount],getTitle()); strcpy(genre[albumcount],getGenre()); //cash[albumcount][0]=computesaleprice();??????? //taxrate=getTax;?????????????? } * * */ unsigned int * AssignDiscounts() { unsigned int * discount = new unsigned int [7]; cout << "Enter Classical Discount: " << endl; cin >> discount[0]; cout << "Enter Country Discount: " << endl; cin >> discount[1]; cout << "Enter International Discount: " << endl; cin >> discount[2]; cout << "Enter Jazz Discount: " << endl; cin >> discount[3]; cout << "Enter Pop Discount: " << endl; cin >> discount[4]; cout << "Enter Rock Discount: " << endl; cin >> discount[5]; cout << "Enter Show Discount: " << endl; cin >> discount[6]; return discount; } /** char ** AssignGenres () { char ** genres = new char * [7]; for (int x=0;x<7;x++) genres[x] = new char [20]; strcpy(genres [0], "Classical"); strcpy(genres [1], "Country"); strcpy(genres [2], "International"); strcpy(genres [3], "Jazz"); strcpy(genres [4], "Pop"); strcpy(genres [5], "Rock"); strcpy(genres [6], "Show"); return genres; } **/ float getTax(float taxrate) { cout << "Please enter store tax rate: " << endl; cin >> taxrate; return taxrate; }

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  • How to get a fully transparent backbuffer in directx 9 without vista Desktop Window Manager

    - by flawlesslyfaulted
    I currently have an activex control that initiates a media (video/audio) framework another development group in my company developed and I am providing a window handle to that code. That handle is being used by their rendering plugin in the pipeline that uses Direct3d for rendering the video using that handle. I have seperate LPDIRECT3D9EX and LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9EX pointers that I initialize in my activex control. I am trying to clear a backbuffer to transparent and then use directx drawing primatives to draw on that backbuffer producing a transparent window with my drawing primatives over the streaming video on the directx surface below. It appears that clearing a device backbuffer with full alpha transparency is ignored by directx. d3ddev->Clear(0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET, D3DCOLOR_RGBA(0, 0, 1, 0 /*full alpha*/), 1.0f, 0); I can see the object I draw but they are drawn on top of a backbuffer that has the RGB color specified without the alpha value. The project linked (http://www.codeproject.com/KB/directx/umvistad3d.aspx) to in the stackoverflow question below does what I want but requires vista's Desktop Window Manager and won't work for XP. http://stackoverflow.com/questions/148275/how-do-i-draw-transparent-directx-content-in-a-transparent-window I have tried with D3DRS_ALPHABLENDENABLE true with configured blend with no avail. I have also tried to have pixels with full alpha values not rendered using D3DRS_ALPHATESTENABLE, D3DRS_ALPHAREF, and D3DRS_ALPHAFUNC setup but this doesn't work either. I have tried using ColorFill with alpha after retrieving the backbuffer with GetBackBuffer but this doesn't work either. (again only RGB is used) Finally I have tried creating a texture, selecting a surface, colorfilling that surface with a fully transparent alpha value, then loading that surface onto the backbuffer but only the RGB values appear to be used. I have checked the capabilities using the DXCapsViewer.exe and the D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8 backbuffer format that I am using for the backbuffer is valid so it can't be that. Has anyone gotten a transparent backbuffer in directx to work in XP?

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  • How to create a jEdit "New View" that not synchronize with the old window

    - by user2898598
    Hi I just noticed that if you creating a new view on jEdit, when you editing the new one, it affected the text on the original window's text as well, how could I create a New view that allow the user to duplicate data for the current shown view only and not effecting the old ones? I try to find solutions on the source code, then I find seems there are setting that related to this: http://www.jedit.org/users-guide/buffersets.html but I didn't find the selection mentioned on my setting.

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  • How to effectively draw on desktop in C#?

    - by Lazlo
    I want to draw directly on the desktop in C#. From searching a bit, I ended up using a Graphics object from the Desktop HDC (null). Then, I painted normally using this Graphics object. The problem is that my shapes get lost when any part of the screen is redrawn. I tried a While loop, but it actually ends up drawing as fast as the application can, which is not the update rate of the desktop. Normally, I would need to put my drawing code in a "OnPaint" event, but such thing does not exist for the desktop. How would I do it? Example code: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1536141/how-to-draw-directly-on-the-windows-desktop-c

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