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Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS USB not being detected after formatting with Startup Disk Creator

- by Zach

sudo fdisk -l lists the drive, however, I cannot find it in the file explorer. Disk /dev/sda: 250.1 GB, 250059350016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 30401 cylinders, total 488397168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000d871e Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 486322175 243160064 83 Linux /dev/sda2 486324222 488396799 1036289 5 Extended /dev/sda5 486324224 488396799 1036288 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdb: 8195 MB, 8195480064 bytes 253 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1020 cylinders, total 16006797 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00027ae4 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 * 62 15999719 M 7999829 c W95 FAT32 (LBA) Manually mounting it produces this error message :~$ sudo mount -t vfat /dev/sdb1 /media/external -ouiduid=1000,gid=1000,utf8,dmask=027,fmask=137 mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdb1, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so Is the usb toast?

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Sparse virtual machine disk image resizing weirdness?

- by Matt H

I have a partitioned virtual machine disk image created by vmware. What I want to do is resize that by 10GB. The file size is showing as 64424509440. Or 60GB. So I ran this: dd if=/dev/zero of=./win7.img seek=146800640 count=0 It ran without errors and I can verify the new size is in fact 75161927680 bytes or 70GB. This is where it gets a little odd. I started the guest domain in xen which is a Windows 7 enterprise machine. What I was expecting to see in diskmgmt.msc is 2 partitions. 1 system partition at the start of around 100MB and near 60GB partition (which is C drive) followed by around 10GB of free space. Actually what I saw was a 70GB partition!?! That confused me... so I decided to run the Check Disk which when you set it on the C drive it asks you to reboot so it'll run on boot. So I did that and during the boot it ran the checks. It got all the way through stage 3 and didn't show any errors at all. Looked at the partitions in disk manager and now C drive has shrunk back to 60GB and there is no free space. What gives? Ok, I thought I'd try mounting it under Dom0 and examining it with fdisk. This is what I get when mounted sudo xl block-attach 0 tap:aio:/home/xen/vms/otoy_v1202-xen.img xvda w sudo fdisk -l /dev/xvda Disk /dev/xvda: 64.4 GB, 64424509440 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 7832 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x582dfc96 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/xvda1 * 1 13 102400 7 HPFS/NTFS Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/xvda2 13 7833 62810112 7 HPFS/NTFS Note the cylinder boundary comment. When I run sudo cfdisk /dev/xvda I get: FATAL ERROR: Bad primary partition 1: Partition ends in the final partial cylinder Press any key to exit cfdisk So I guess this is a bigger problem than first thought. How can I fix this? EDIT: Oops, the cylinder boundary thing is not a problem at all since disks have used LBA etc. So that threw me for a moment... still the problem exists... Now this output looks a little different. sudo sfdisk -uS -l /dev/xvda Disk /dev/xvda: 7832 cylinders, 255 heads, 63 sectors/track Units = sectors of 512 bytes, counting from 0 Device Boot Start End #sectors Id System /dev/xvda1 * 2048 206847 204800 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/xvda2 206848 125827071 125620224 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/xvda3 0 - 0 0 Empty /dev/xvda4 0 - 0 0 Empty BTW: I do have a backup of the image so if you help me mess it up that's ok. EDIT: sudo parted /dev/xvda print free Model: Xen Virtual Block Device (xvd) Disk /dev/xvda: 64.4GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 32.3kB 1049kB 1016kB Free Space 1 1049kB 106MB 105MB primary ntfs boot 2 106MB 64.4GB 64.3GB primary ntfs 64.4GB 64.4GB 1049kB Free Space Cool. Linux is showing free space is 10GB which is what I expect. The problem is windows isn't seeing this?

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MSA20 RAID5 recovery failure due to URE on another disk

- by Andrey

I have MSA20 with one disk array on 12 disks and 3 LUNs on it (each raid 5). A few days ago one disk in one of the LUNs was failed and I replaced it. But raid5 recovering failed at 13% and I see in ADU report that one of the disk has "Errors Logged = 5566" and according SCSI specifications it is URE (Sense Code=0x11, Qualifier=0x00). In serial log I also see URE error. It seems that Raid5 can't be rebuilt because of this. So I have a few questions: Is there a way to recover raid5 still? If I leave new disk that was replaced and remove disk with URE, will other LUNs be destroyed or just failed LUN? If all LUNs will fail what is the sense to make each LUN with own raid on one disk group array if 2 failed disk can destroy all? As I understand the preferred way is to create one disk array for one LUN in future and not one array with few LUNs? Thanks.

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Ubuntu doesn't "see" external USB Hard Disk

- by Mina Michael

It's NTFS. It's USB2. I'm using Ubuntu 13.04. It works perfectly fine on Windows (which excludes cable and hardware problems). I have two Ubuntu computers and it's not detected on either. It's about 500 GB. Edits: Following the first link, I input sudo lsusb in a terminal; before and after connecting the HDD. The difference was Bus 001 Device 012: ID 14cd:6116 Super Top M6116 SATA Bridge. There it is! ("sata bridge" used to appear in a windows notification when I plugged in the HDD in!). ...This means that Ubuntu detects it but is it not mounting it? I tried this: sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt But gives this: mount: special device /dev/sdb1 does not exist I also tried: sudo mount /dev/sdc1 /mnt but it stays with no output forever. I left it in background for about 30 min.s. sudo fdisk -l gives out this: Disk /dev/sda: 160.0 GB, 160041885696 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19457 cylinders, total 312581808 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xa42d04a3 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 63 80324 40131 de Dell Utility /dev/sda2 * 80325 102481919 51200797+ 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda3 263874558 312580095 24352769 5 Extended /dev/sda4 102481920 263872511 80695296 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda5 263874560 310505471 23315456 83 Linux /dev/sda6 310507520 312580095 1036288 82 Linux swap / Solaris Partition table entries are not in disk order Disk /dev/sdc: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x5822aaea Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 2048 976769023 488383488 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT The part below "Partition table entries are not in disk order" takes about 5 minutes to appear. The outputs of ls /dev/ | grep sd before and after connecting the HDD: before: sda sda1 sda2 sda3 sda4 sda5 sda6 ,after: sda sda1 sda2 sda3 sda4 sda5 sda6 sdd sdd1 The second output has the lines sdd and sdd1 different from the first one. IT SHOWED THE FILES!! The command sudo mount /dev/sdd1 /mnt worked after I typed in sudo fdisk -l!!! Thanks a million!! :) :)

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Problem in booting Windows Vista after repairing using a boot repair disk

- by Pubudu

Been using Vista and I recently installed Ubuntu 11 in a separate hard disk(in BIOS, this hard disk was set for the 'Boot from' option)..Apart from the partitions used for Ubuntu, there are 2 more partitions(NTFS) in that hard disk..Then I installed Windows 7 on one of those partitions (just to see which Windows operating system I'd like to keep on using, along with Ubuntu)..But after installing Windows 7, the OS selection menu didn't appear anymore and had to fix it using the Boot-Repair-Disk... It kinda worked.. Now the OS selection menu is displayed.. But whenever I select Vista, it boots Windows 7...any thoughts on how to fix this? here's the link to the log generated by boot repair http://paste.debian.net/202691 I'm new to Ubuntu btw..

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Linux: How to find out whether the harddrive is causing a bottleneck?

- by GetFree

I'm not asking how to find out where a bottleneck is. I just what to know how to check if the harddrive is being used at its limit (and hence causing a bottleneck). Something like top where I can see a usage percentage of CPU and RAM. Is there something like that with which I can monitor harddrive activity? Native linux tools preferred.

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hd0 out of disk error results to low graphics mode

- by msPeachy

Yesterday, I have reinstalled Ubuntu due to a error: hd0 out of disk on boot. Everything went fine, I've installed apps, perform updates and upgraded the kernel. I've even restarted it a few times just to check if I would encounter boot issues and was glad that everything was working perfectly, then powered it down. The next morning when I boot, I got this error: hd0 out of disk error. Press any key to continue... again! After pressing a key, it took 10 minutes for the Ubuntu logo to appear with it's 5 dots. After another 5 minutes, Ubuntu started checking the disk and displayed a message that / has errors, I pressed F to fix the errors. After which Ubuntu tells me that /tmp is not yet ready for mounting so I pressed S to skip mounting it, then Ubuntu restarted. On boot I saw the error: hd0 out of disk error. Press any key to continue... again. This time it took only a minute for the Ubuntu logo to appear and after another minute a dialog box appeared with the following message: The system is running in low-graphics mode. Your screen, graphics card, and input settings could not be detected correctly. You will have to configure these yourself. What would you like to do? Run in low-graphics mode for just one session Reconfigure graphics Troubleshoot the error Exit to console login Whichever option I choose I ended up with a console prompt: grub-editenv: error: cannot read the file /boot/grub/grubenv. _ I can't do anything on this console, whatever I type nothing happens. I've rebooted several times and I get same error every time. I don't quite understand what is wrong with Ubuntu or with my installation. I've encountered this hd0 out of disk error several times already and always ended up reinstalling. I'd really really appreciate it if you guys can help me fix this. Thank you and good day.

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How does the process of disk partitioning actually work on most HDD's?

- by Dark Templar

From what I know of most laptops, you are able to "partition" your disk into as many other drives as you please. The more you cut it up, the smaller your partitions are, but from an organizational point of view, this may be desirable... I was wondering how the filesystem itself becomes partitioned underneath the partitions visible to the user. For instance, a laptop disk is usually divided into platters, each with two surfaces. The surfaces are further divided into "tracks". I guess what I am asking is, is it possible to identify how the disk itself keeps track of partitions? (whether each partition has its own platter? each partition has its own set of adjacent tracks? or some other configuration, or whether the data from different partitions are just randomly interleaved and scattered throughout the disk?)

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Hard disk error

- by Nadim A. Hachem

I got this error during installation. "The installer encountered an error copying files to the hard disk: [Errno 5] Input/output error This is often due to a faulty CD/DVD disk or drive, or a faulty hard disk. It may help to clean the CD/DVD, to burn the CD/DVD at a lower speed, to clean the CD/DVD drive lens (cleaning kits are often available from electronics suppliers), to check whether the hard disk is old and in need of replacement, or to move the system to a cooler environment." how can i fix this and what does it mean specifically? i'm installing via usb so it can't be the CD. the laptop is recent so it cant be an old HD.

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Somebody knows why the sectors of the IBM floppy disk are named 1 to 8 (and not 0 to 7 )

- by Olivier Briand

I am now programming on a 8 bits Z80 computer with CP/M 2.2, (as a hobby) and the floppy disk format is IBM, 40 tracks, 8 sectors per track, 512 bytes per sector. free space is 154 Ko on each face of the disk. Why the sectors are indexed 1 to 8 (and not zero to seven, as usually is seen with computers)? The catalog of the floppy disk is on the track 1 (sector 1 to 4, 64 entries). I'm wondering is the catalog on track zero? Is the zero track reserved to included a system (as track 0 & 1 are reserved to the system on a CP/M floppy disk, and catalog is on track 2)?

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I (stupidly) converted a TrueCrypt encrypted disk to GPT in Disk Management: now TrueCrypt won't mount it

- by asilentfire

Backstory: After moving a Macrium Reflect disk image from my TrueCrypt external drive (with whole disk encryption) onto a unencrypted drive and using Windows PE with Macrium Reflect to restore my internal disk to the recovery image on the external unencrypted drive, my Windows 8 failed to boot. I then went back and also recovered the System Partition (looking now, it is currently EFI), but I still couldn't boot into my backup.. I was in a hurry to get online for something so I just did a clean install of Windows 8, without the backup.. After I installed Windows 8, I went into Disk Management out of curiosity to see if there were other partitions with Windows 8 that Macruim might have missed, and there is (by default) a Recovery Partition of 100MB. My memory of this is hazy, as I was trying to get up and running for an exam at 4 AM: Something in Disk Management prompted me to convert my encrypted external drive to GPT.. I have no idea why I did this, but I went ahead and allowed it to convert my TrueCrypt drive to GPT. Now, I can't mount the drive in TrueCrypt.. Disk Management sees it as Disk 1, Basic, and Unallocated. I tried converting it back to MBR with Disk Management, but no dice with TrueCrypt :( If I try to mount the disk in TrueCrypt I get the message: Incorrect password or not a TrueCrypt volume I should never have messed with a Truecrypt drive in Disk Management, but I did. I have important college work in that drive, and fear I have lost it forever. PLEASE HELP

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PowerShell script to find files that are consuming the most disk space

As you know, SQL Server databases and backup files can take up a lot of disk space. When disk is running low and you need to troubleshoot disk space issues, the first thing to do is to find large files that are consuming disk space. In this article I will show you a PowerShell script that you can use to find large files on your disks. 12 essential tools for database professionalsThe SQL Developer Bundle contains 12 tools designed with the SQL Server developer and DBA in mind. Try it now.

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On Disk Substring index

- by emeryc

I have a file (fasta file to be specific) that I would like to index, so that I can quickly locate any substring within the file and then find the location within the original fasta file. This would be easy to do in many cases, using a Trie or substring array, unfortunately the strings I need to index are 800+ MBs which means that doing them in memory in unacceptable, so I'm looking for a reasonable way to create this index on disk, with minimal memory usage. (edit for clarification) I am only interested in the headers of proteins, so for the largest database I'm interested in, this is about 800 MBs of text. I would like to be able to find an exact substring within O(N) time based on the input string. This must be useable on 32 bit machines as it will be shipped to random people, who are not expected to have 64 bit machines. I want to be able to index against any word break within a line, to the end of the line (though lines can be several MBs long). Hopefully this clarifies what is needed and why the current solutions given are not illuminating. I should also add that this needs to be done from within java, and must be done on client computers on various operating systems, so I can't use any OS Specific solution, and it must be a programatic solution.

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Dynamic gridview columns event problem

- by ropstah

Hi, i have a GridView (selectable) in which I want to generate a dynamic GridView in a new row BELOW the selected row. I can add the row and gridview dynamically in the Gridview1 PreRender event. I need to use this event because: _OnDataBound is not called on every postback (same for _OnRowDataBound) _OnInit is not possible because the 'Inner table' for the Gridview is added after Init _OnLoad is not possible because the 'selected' row is not selected yet. I can add the columns to the dynamic GridView based on my ITemplate class. But now the button events won't fire.... Any suggestions? The dynamic adding of the gridview: Private Sub GridView1_PreRender(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles GridView1.PreRender Dim g As GridView = sender g.DataBind() If g.SelectedRow IsNot Nothing AndAlso g.Controls.Count > 0 Then Dim t As Table = g.Controls(0) Dim r As New GridViewRow(-1, -1, DataControlRowType.DataRow, DataControlRowState.Normal) Dim c As New TableCell Dim visibleColumnCount As Integer = 0 For Each d As DataControlField In g.Columns If d.Visible Then visibleColumnCount += 1 End If Next c.ColumnSpan = visibleColumnCount Dim ph As New PlaceHolder ph.Controls.Add(CreateStockGrid(g.SelectedDataKey.Value)) c.Controls.Add(ph) r.Cells.Add(c) t.Rows.AddAt(g.SelectedRow.RowIndex + 2, r) End If End Sub Private Function CreateStockGrid(ByVal PnmAutoKey As String) As GridView Dim col As Interfaces.esColumnMetadata Dim coll As New BLL.ViewStmCollection Dim entity As New BLL.ViewStm Dim query As BLL.ViewStmQuery = coll.Query Me._gridStock.AutoGenerateColumns = False Dim buttonf As New TemplateField() buttonf.ItemTemplate = New QuantityTemplateField(ListItemType.Item, "", "Button") buttonf.HeaderTemplate = New QuantityTemplateField(ListItemType.Header, "", "Button") buttonf.EditItemTemplate = New QuantityTemplateField(ListItemType.EditItem, "", "Button") Me._gridStock.Columns.Add(buttonf) For Each col In coll.es.Meta.Columns Dim headerf As New QuantityTemplateField(ListItemType.Header, col.PropertyName, col.Type.Name) Dim itemf As New QuantityTemplateField(ListItemType.Item, col.PropertyName, col.Type.Name) Dim editf As New QuantityTemplateField(ListItemType.EditItem, col.PropertyName, col.Type.Name) Dim f As New TemplateField() f.HeaderTemplate = headerf f.ItemTemplate = itemf f.EditItemTemplate = editf Me._gridStock.Columns.Add(f) Next query.Where(query.PnmAutoKey.Equal(PnmAutoKey)) coll.LoadAll() Me._gridStock.ID = "gvChild" Me._gridStock.DataSource = coll AddHandler Me._gridStock.RowCommand, AddressOf Me.gv_RowCommand Me._gridStock.DataBind() Return Me._gridStock End Function The ITemplate class: Public Class QuantityTemplateField : Implements ITemplate Private _itemType As ListItemType Private _fieldName As String Private _infoType As String Public Sub New(ByVal ItemType As ListItemType, ByVal FieldName As String, ByVal InfoType As String) Me._itemType = ItemType Me._fieldName = FieldName Me._infoType = InfoType End Sub Public Sub InstantiateIn(ByVal container As System.Web.UI.Control) Implements System.Web.UI.ITemplate.InstantiateIn Select Case Me._itemType Case ListItemType.Header Dim l As New Literal l.Text = "<b>" & Me._fieldName & "</b>" container.Controls.Add(l) Case ListItemType.Item Select Case Me._infoType Case "Button" Dim ib As New Button() Dim eb As New Button() ib.ID = "InsertButton" eb.ID = "EditButton" ib.Text = "Insert" eb.Text = "Edit" ib.CommandName = "Edit" eb.CommandName = "Edit" AddHandler ib.Click, AddressOf Me.InsertButton_OnClick AddHandler eb.Click, AddressOf Me.EditButton_OnClick container.Controls.Add(ib) container.Controls.Add(eb) Case Else Dim l As New Label l.ID = Me._fieldName l.Text = "" AddHandler l.DataBinding, AddressOf Me.OnDataBinding container.Controls.Add(l) End Select Case ListItemType.EditItem Select Case Me._infoType Case "Button" Dim b As New Button b.ID = "UpdateButton" b.Text = "Update" b.CommandName = "Update" b.OnClientClick = "return confirm('Sure?')" container.Controls.Add(b) Case Else Dim t As New TextBox t.ID = Me._fieldName AddHandler t.DataBinding, AddressOf Me.OnDataBinding container.Controls.Add(t) End Select End Select End Sub Private Sub InsertButton_OnClick(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As EventArgs) Console.WriteLine("insert click") End Sub Private Sub EditButton_OnClick(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As EventArgs) Console.WriteLine("edit click") End Sub Private Sub OnDataBinding(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As EventArgs) Dim boundValue As Object = Nothing Dim ctrl As Control = sender Dim dataItemContainer As IDataItemContainer = ctrl.NamingContainer boundValue = DataBinder.Eval(dataItemContainer.DataItem, Me._fieldName) Select Case Me._itemType Case ListItemType.Item Dim fieldLiteral As Label = sender fieldLiteral.Text = boundValue.ToString() Case ListItemType.EditItem Dim fieldTextbox As TextBox = sender fieldTextbox.Text = boundValue.ToString() End Select End Sub End Class

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Using Dynamic Proxies to centralize JPA code

- by Daziplqa

Hi All, Actually, This is not a question but really I need your opinions in a matter... I put his post here because I know you always active, so please don't consider this a bad question and share me your opinions. I've used Java dynamic proxies to Centralize The code of JPA that I used in a standalone mode, and Here's the dynamic proxy code: package com.forat.service; import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler; import java.lang.reflect.Method; import java.lang.reflect.Proxy; import java.util.logging.Level; import java.util.logging.Logger; import javax.persistence.EntityManager; import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory; import javax.persistence.EntityTransaction; import javax.persistence.Persistence; import com.forat.service.exceptions.DAOException; /** * Example of usage : * <pre> * OnlineFromService onfromService = * (OnlineFromService) DAOProxy.newInstance(new OnlineFormServiceImpl()); * try { * Student s = new Student(); * s.setName("Mohammed"); * s.setNationalNumber("123456"); * onfromService.addStudent(s); * }catch (Exception ex) { * System.out.println(ex.getMessage()); * } *</pre> * @author mohammed hewedy * */ public class DAOProxy implements InvocationHandler{ private Object object; private Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(this.getClass().getSimpleName()); private DAOProxy(Object object) { this.object = object; } public static Object newInstance(Object object) { return Proxy.newProxyInstance(object.getClass().getClassLoader(), object.getClass().getInterfaces(), new DAOProxy(object)); } @Override public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable { EntityManagerFactory emf = null; EntityManager em = null; EntityTransaction et = null; Object result = null; try { emf = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory(Constants.UNIT_NAME); em = emf.createEntityManager();; Method entityManagerSetter = object.getClass(). getDeclaredMethod(Constants.ENTITY_MANAGER_SETTER_METHOD, EntityManager.class); entityManagerSetter.invoke(object, em); et = em.getTransaction(); et.begin(); result = method.invoke(object, args); et.commit(); return result; }catch (Exception ex) { et.rollback(); Throwable cause = ex.getCause(); logger.log(Level.SEVERE, cause.getMessage()); if (cause instanceof DAOException) throw new DAOException(cause.getMessage(), cause); else throw new RuntimeException(cause.getMessage(), cause); }finally { em.close(); emf.close(); } } } And here's the link that contains more info (http://m-hewedy.blogspot.com/2010/04/using-dynamic-proxies-to-centralize-jpa.html) (plz don't consider this as adds, as I can copy and past the entire topic here if you want that) So, Please give me your opinions. Thanks.

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A simple Dynamic Proxy

- by Abhijeet Patel

Frameworks such as EF4 and MOQ do what most developers consider "dark magic". For instance in EF4, when you use a POCO for an entity you can opt-in to get behaviors such as "lazy-loading" and "change tracking" at runtime merely by ensuring that your type has the following characteristics: The class must be public and not sealed. The class must have a public or protected parameter-less constructor. The class must have public or protected properties Adhere to this and your type is magically endowed with these behaviors without any additional programming on your part. Behind the scenes the framework subclasses your type at runtime and creates a "dynamic proxy" which has these additional behaviors and when you navigate properties of your POCO, the framework replaces the POCO type with derived type instances. The MOQ framework does simlar magic. Let's say you have a simple interface: public interface IFoo { int GetNum(); } We can verify that the GetNum() was invoked on a mock like so: var mock = new Mock<IFoo>(MockBehavior.Default); mock.Setup(f => f.GetNum()); var num = mock.Object.GetNum(); mock.Verify(f => f.GetNum()); Beind the scenes the MOQ framework is generating a dynamic proxy by implementing IFoo at runtime. the call to moq.Object returns the dynamic proxy on which we then call "GetNum" and then verify that this method was invoked. No dark magic at all, just clever programming is what's going on here, just not visible and hence appears magical! Let's create a simple dynamic proxy generator which accepts an interface type and dynamically creates a proxy implementing the interface type specified at runtime. public static class DynamicProxyGenerator { public static T GetInstanceFor<T>() { Type typeOfT = typeof(T); var methodInfos = typeOfT.GetMethods(); AssemblyName assName = new AssemblyName("testAssembly"); var assBuilder = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.DefineDynamicAssembly(assName, AssemblyBuilderAccess.RunAndSave); var moduleBuilder = assBuilder.DefineDynamicModule("testModule", "test.dll"); var typeBuilder = moduleBuilder.DefineType(typeOfT.Name + "Proxy", TypeAttributes.Public); typeBuilder.AddInterfaceImplementation(typeOfT); var ctorBuilder = typeBuilder.DefineConstructor( MethodAttributes.Public, CallingConventions.Standard, new Type[] { }); var ilGenerator = ctorBuilder.GetILGenerator(); ilGenerator.EmitWriteLine("Creating Proxy instance"); ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ret); foreach (var methodInfo in methodInfos) { var methodBuilder = typeBuilder.DefineMethod( methodInfo.Name, MethodAttributes.Public | MethodAttributes.Virtual, methodInfo.ReturnType, methodInfo.GetParameters().Select(p => p.GetType()).ToArray() ); var methodILGen = methodBuilder.GetILGenerator(); methodILGen.EmitWriteLine("I'm a proxy"); if (methodInfo.ReturnType == typeof(void)) { methodILGen.Emit(OpCodes.Ret); } else { if (methodInfo.ReturnType.IsValueType || methodInfo.ReturnType.IsEnum) { MethodInfo getMethod = typeof(Activator).GetMethod(/span>"CreateInstance",new Type[]{typeof((Type)}); LocalBuilder lb = methodILGen.DeclareLocal(methodInfo.ReturnType); methodILGen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldtoken, lb.LocalType); methodILGen.Emit(OpCodes.Call, typeofype).GetMethod("GetTypeFromHandle")); )); methodILGen.Emit(OpCodes.Callvirt, getMethod); methodILGen.Emit(OpCodes.Unbox_Any, lb.LocalType); } else { methodILGen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldnull); } methodILGen.Emit(OpCodes.Ret); } typeBuilder.DefineMethodOverride(methodBuilder, methodInfo); } Type constructedType = typeBuilder.CreateType(); var instance = Activator.CreateInstance(constructedType); return (T)instance; } } Dynamic proxies are created by calling into the following main types: AssemblyBuilder, TypeBuilder, Modulebuilder and ILGenerator. These types enable dynamically creating an assembly and emitting .NET modules and types in that assembly, all using IL instructions. Let's break down the code above a bit and examine it piece by piece Type typeOfT = typeof(T); var methodInfos = typeOfT.GetMethods(); AssemblyName assName = new AssemblyName("testAssembly"); var assBuilder = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.DefineDynamicAssembly(assName, AssemblyBuilderAccess.RunAndSave); var moduleBuilder = assBuilder.DefineDynamicModule("testModule", "test.dll"); var typeBuilder = moduleBuilder.DefineType(typeOfT.Name + "Proxy", TypeAttributes.Public); We are instructing the runtime to create an assembly caled "test.dll"and in this assembly we then emit a new module called "testModule". We then emit a new type definition of name "typeName"Proxy into this new module. This is the definition for the "dynamic proxy" for type T typeBuilder.AddInterfaceImplementation(typeOfT); var ctorBuilder = typeBuilder.DefineConstructor( MethodAttributes.Public, CallingConventions.Standard, new Type[] { }); var ilGenerator = ctorBuilder.GetILGenerator(); ilGenerator.EmitWriteLine("Creating Proxy instance"); ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ret); The newly created type implements type T and defines a default parameterless constructor in which we emit a call to Console.WriteLine. This call is not necessary but we do this so that we can see first hand that when the proxy is constructed, when our default constructor is invoked. var methodBuilder = typeBuilder.DefineMethod( methodInfo.Name, MethodAttributes.Public | MethodAttributes.Virtual, methodInfo.ReturnType, methodInfo.GetParameters().Select(p => p.GetType()).ToArray() ); We then iterate over each method declared on type T and add a method definition of the same name into our "dynamic proxy" definition if (methodInfo.ReturnType == typeof(void)) { methodILGen.Emit(OpCodes.Ret); } If the return type specified in the method declaration of T is void we simply return. if (methodInfo.ReturnType.IsValueType || methodInfo.ReturnType.IsEnum) { MethodInfo getMethod = typeof(Activator).GetMethod("CreateInstance", new Type[]{typeof(Type)}); LocalBuilder lb = methodILGen.DeclareLocal(methodInfo.ReturnType); methodILGen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldtoken, lb.LocalType); methodILGen.Emit(OpCodes.Call, typeof(Type).GetMethod("GetTypeFromHandle")); methodILGen.Emit(OpCodes.Callvirt, getMethod); methodILGen.Emit(OpCodes.Unbox_Any, lb.LocalType); } If the return type in the method declaration of T is either a value type or an enum, then we need to create an instance of the value type and return that instance the caller. In order to accomplish that we need to do the following: 1) Get a handle to the Activator.CreateInstance method 2) Declare a local variable which represents the Type of the return type(i.e the type object of the return type) specified on the method declaration of T(obtained from the MethodInfo) and push this Type object onto the evaluation stack. In reality a RuntimeTypeHandle is what is pushed onto the stack. 3) Invoke the "GetTypeFromHandle" method(a static method in the Type class) passing in the RuntimeTypeHandle pushed onto the stack previously as an argument, the result of this invocation is a Type object (representing the method's return type) which is pushed onto the top of the evaluation stack. 4) Invoke Activator.CreateInstance passing in the Type object from step 3, the result of this invocation is an instance of the value type boxed as a reference type and pushed onto the top of the evaluation stack. 5) Unbox the result and place it into the local variable of the return type defined in step 2 methodILGen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldnull); If the return type is a reference type then we just load a null onto the evaluation stack methodILGen.Emit(OpCodes.Ret); Emit a a return statement to return whatever is on top of the evaluation stack(null or an instance of a value type) back to the caller Type constructedType = typeBuilder.CreateType(); var instance = Activator.CreateInstance(constructedType); return (T)instance; Now that we have a definition of the "dynamic proxy" implementing all the methods declared on T, we can now create an instance of the proxy type and return that out typed as T. The caller can now invoke the generator and request a dynamic proxy for any type T. In our example when the client invokes GetNum() we get back "0". Lets add a new method on the interface called DayOfWeek GetDay() public interface IFoo { int GetNum(); DayOfWeek GetDay(); } When GetDay() is invoked, the "dynamic proxy" returns "Sunday" since that is the default value for the DayOfWeek enum This is a very trivial example of dynammic proxies, frameworks like MOQ have a way more sophisticated implementation of this paradigm where in you can instruct the framework to create proxies which return specified values for a method implementation.

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Error using Dynamic Data Filtering: missing datasource

- by sebastiaan

I am trying to use the ASP.NET Dynamic Data Filtering project, but I'm running into a problem during the configuration. I'm following the instructions on the author's blog, and everything works like described. Then it tells me to change the datasource using the designer view. I am told to select the "GridDataSource" in the "Configure data source" wizard. This option is not there though. I get all of the classes in my project, including the DataContext that was generated by Linq. When I choose "Show only DataContext objects", the dropdown ("Choose your context object:") is completely empty. When I turn of the checkbox and choose my DataContext class, I get asked which table I want and all that. But, as the whole purpose of a Dynamic Data site is NOT to use one single table, that's not much help. So I've looked at the instructions again and copied the resulting datasource from the example: <asp:DynamicLinqDataSource ID="GridDataSource" runat="server" EnableDelete="True" EnableUpdate="True"></asp:DynamicLinqDataSource> Which is exactly what I had, without the "WhereParameters" nodes in there. Now, when I run the list page however, I get an exception about a missing datasource from the filtering component. Of course when I remove the DynamicFilterRepeater, it works again. This is the meat of the exception: [InvalidOperationException: Missing DataSource] Catalyst.Web.DynamicData.DynamicFilterRepeater.GetTable() in D:\Catalyst\Projects\DynamicData\Project\Trunk\DynamicData\DynamicData\DynamicFilterRepeater.cs:74 Catalyst.Web.DynamicData.DynamicFilterRepeater.GetFilters() in D:\Catalyst\Projects\DynamicData\Project\Trunk\DynamicData\DynamicData\DynamicFilterRepeater.cs:81 Catalyst.Web.DynamicData.DynamicFilterRepeater.OnInit(EventArgs e) in D:\Catalyst\Projects\DynamicData\Project\Trunk\DynamicData\DynamicData\DynamicFilterRepeater.cs:106 How do I make the DynamicFilterRepeater recognize my datasource? I'm using VS2010 Pro, on a Win7 machine.

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dynamic naming of UIButtons within a loop - objective-c, iphone sdk

- by von steiner

Dear Members, Scholars. As it may seem obvious I am not armed with Objective C knowledge. Levering on other more simple computer languages I am trying to set a dynamic name for a list of buttons generated by a simple loop (as the following code suggest). Simply putting it, I would like to have several UIButtons generated dynamically (within a loop) naming them dynamically, as well as other related functions. button1,button2,button3 etc.. After googling and searching Stackoverlow, I haven't arrived to a clear simple answer, thus my question. - (void)viewDidLoad { // This is not Dynamic, Obviously UIButton *button0 = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeRoundedRect]; [button0 setTitle:@"Button0" forState:UIControlStateNormal]; button0.tag = 0; button0.frame = CGRectMake(0.0, 0.0, 100.0, 100.0); button0.center = CGPointMake(160.0,50.0); [self.view addSubview:button0]; // I can duplication the lines manually in terms of copy them over and over, changing the name and other related functions, but it seems wrong. (I actually know its bad Karma) // The question at hand: // I would like to generate that within a loop // (The following code is wrong) float startPointY = 150.0; // for (int buttonsLoop = 1;buttonsLoop < 11;buttonsLoop++){ NSString *tempButtonName = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"button%i",buttonsLoop]; UIButton tempButtonName = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeRoundedRect]; [tempButtonName setTitle:tempButtonName forState:UIControlStateNormal]; tempButtonName.tag = tempButtonName; tempButtonName.frame = CGRectMake(0.0, 0.0, 100.0, 100.0); tempButtonName.center = CGPointMake(160.0,50.0+startPointY); [self.view addSubview:tempButtonName]; startPointY += 100; } }

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iis7 compress dynamic content from custom handler

- by Malloc

I am having trouble getting dynamic content coming from a custom handler to be compressed by IIS 7. Our handler spits out json data (Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8) and responds to url that looks like: domain.com/example.mal/OperationName?Param1=Val1&Param2=Val2 In IIS 6, all we had to do was put the edit the MetaBase.xml and in the IIsCompressionScheme element make sure that the HcScriptFileExtensions attribute had the custom extension 'mal' included in it. Static and Dynamic compression is turned out at the server and website level. I can confirm that normal .aspx pages are compressed correctly. The only content I cannot have compressed is the content coming from the custom handler. I have tried the following configs with no success: <handlers> <add name="MyJsonService" verb="GET,POST" path="*.mal" type="Library.Web.HttpHandlers.MyJsonServiceHandlerFactory, Library.Web" /> </handlers> <httpCompression> <dynamicTypes> <add mimeType="application/json" enabled="true" /> </dynamicTypes> </httpCompression> _ <httpCompression> <dynamicTypes> <add mimeType="application/*" enabled="true" /> </dynamicTypes> </httpCompression> _ <staticContent> <mimeMap fileExtension=".mal" mimeType="application/json" /> </staticContent> <httpCompression> <dynamicTypes> <add mimeType="application/*" enabled="true" /> </dynamicTypes> </httpCompression> Thanks in advance for the help.

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C#, Linq, Dynamic Query: Code to filter a Dynamic query outside of the Repository

- by Dr. Zim

If you do something like this in your Repository: IQueryable<CarClass> GetCars(string condition, params object[] values) { return db.Cars.Where(condition, values); } And you set the condition and values outside of the repository: string condition = "CarMake == @Make"; object[] values = new string[] { Make = "Ford" }; var result = myRepo.GetCars( condition, values); How would you be able to sort the result outside of the repository with Dynamic Query? return View( "myView", result.OrderBy("Price")); Somehow I am losing the DynamicQuery nature when the data exits from the repository. And yes, I haven't worked out how to return the CarClass type where you would normally do a Select new Carclass { fieldName = m.fieldName, ... }

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Dynamic Linq Property Converting to Sql

- by Matthew Hood

I am trying to understand dynamic linq and expression trees. Very basically trying to do an equals supplying the column and value as strings. Here is what I have so far private IQueryable<tblTest> filterTest(string column, string value) { TestDataContext db = new TestDataContext(); // The IQueryable data to query. IQueryable<tblTest> queryableData = db.tblTests.AsQueryable(); // Compose the expression tree that represents the parameter to the predicate. ParameterExpression pe = Expression.Parameter(typeof(tblTest), "item"); Expression left = Expression.Property(pe, column); Expression right = Expression.Constant(value); Expression e1 = Expression.Equal(left, right); MethodCallExpression whereCallExpression = Expression.Call( typeof(Queryable), "Where", new Type[] { queryableData.ElementType }, queryableData.Expression, Expression.Lambda<Func<tblTest, bool>>(e1, new ParameterExpression[] { pe })); // Create an executable query from the expression tree. IQueryable<tblTest> results = queryableData.Provider.CreateQuery<tblTest>(whereCallExpression); return results; } That works fine for columns in the DB. But fails for properties in my code eg public partial class tblTest { public string name_test { get { return name; } } } Giving an error cannot be that it cannot be converted into SQL. I have tried rewriting the property as a Expression<Func but with no luck, how can I convert simple properties so they can be used with linq in this dynamic way? Many Thanks

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Pass enum value to method which is called by dynamic object

- by user329588

hello. I'm working on program which dynamically(in runtime) loads dlls. For an example: Microsoft.AnalysisServices.dll. In this dll we have this enum: namespace Microsoft.AnalysisServices { [Flags] public enum UpdateOptions { Default = 0, ExpandFull = 1, AlterDependents = 2, } } and we also have this class Cube: namespace Microsoft.AnalysisServices { public sealed class Cube : ... { public Cube(string name); public Cube(string name, string id); .. .. .. } } I dynamically load this dll and create object Cube. Than i call a method Cube.Update(). This method deploy Cube to SQL Analysis server. But if i want to call this method with parameters Cube.Update(UpdateOptions.ExpandFull) i get error, because method doesn't get appropriate parameter. I have already tried this, but doesn't work: dynamic updateOptions = AssemblyLoader.LoadStaticAssembly("Microsoft.AnalysisServices", "Microsoft.AnalysisServices.UpdateOptions");//my class for loading assembly Array s = Enum.GetNames(updateOptions); dynamic myEnumValue = s.GetValue(1);//1 = ExpandFull dynamicCube.Update(myEnumValue);// == Cube.Update(UpdateOptions.ExpandFull) I know that error is in parameter myEnumValue but i don't know how to get dynamically enum type from assembly and pass it to the method. Does anybody know the solution? Thank you very much for answers and help!

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Create dynamic factory method in PHP (< 5.3)

- by fireeyedboy

How would one typically create a dynamic factory method in PHP? By dynamic factory method, I mean a factory method that will autodiscover what objects there are to create, based on some aspect of the given argument. Preferably without registering them first with the factory either. I'm OK with having the possible objects be placed in one common place (a directory) though. I want to avoid your typical switch statement in the factory method, such as this: public static function factory( $someObject ) { $className = get_class( $someObject ); switch( $className ) { case 'Foo': return new FooRelatedObject(); break; case 'Bar': return new BarRelatedObject(); break; // etc... } } My specific case deals with the factory creating a voting repository based on the item to vote for. The items all implement a Voteable interface. Something like this: Default_User implements Voteable ... Default_Comment implements Voteable ... Default_Event implements Voteable ... Default_VoteRepositoryFactory { public static function factory( Voteable $item ) { // autodiscover what type of repository this item needs // for instance, Default_User needs a Default_VoteRepository_User // etc... return new Default_VoteRepository_OfSomeType(); } } I want to be able to drop in new Voteable items and Vote repositories for these items, without touching the implementation of the factory.

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Java and dynamic variables

- by Arvanem

Hi folks, I am wondering whether it is possible to make dynamic variables in Java. In other words, variables that change depending on my instructions. FYI, I am making a trading program. A given merchant will have an array of items for sale for various prices. The dynamism I am calling for comes in because each category of items for sale has its own properties. For example, a book item has two properties: int pages, and boolean hardCover. In contrast, a bookmark item has one property, String pattern. Here are skeleton snippets of code so you can see what I am trying to do: public class Merchants extends /* certain parent class */ { // only 10 items for sale to begin with Stock[] itemsForSale = new Stock[10]; // Array holding Merchants public static Merchants[] merchantsArray = new Merchants[maxArrayLength]; // method to fill array of stock goes here } and public class Stock { int stockPrice; int stockQuantity; String stockType; // e.g. book and bookmark // Dynamic variables here, but they should only be invoked depending on stockType int pages; boolean hardCover; String pattern; }

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Does Java have dynamic variables for class members?

- by Arvanem

Hi folks, I am wondering whether it is possible to make dynamic variables in Java. In other words, variables that change depending on my instructions. FYI, I am making a trading program. A given merchant will have an array of items for sale for various prices. The dynamism I am calling for comes in because each category of items for sale has its own properties. For example, a book item has two properties: int pages, and boolean hardCover. In contrast, a bookmark item has one property, String pattern. Here are skeleton snippets of code so you can see what I am trying to do: public class Merchants extends /* certain parent class */ { // only 10 items for sale to begin with Stock[] itemsForSale = new Stock[10]; // Array holding Merchants public static Merchants[] merchantsArray = new Merchants[maxArrayLength]; // method to fill array of stock goes here } and public class Stock { int stockPrice; int stockQuantity; String stockType; // e.g. book and bookmark // Dynamic variables here, but they should only be invoked depending on stockType int pages; boolean hardCover; String pattern; }

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