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• Ubuntu hard disk problem

  - by Henadzy

  Hello! I have got the error with a hard disk on Ubuntu 9.10. It slows down my system, applications have not been responding for a long time. But when I mount and use filesystem which placed on this hard disk at other computer it works properly. disk: SAMSUNG HD161HJ (SATA) syslog: Apr 25 00:28:25 vare6gin kernel: [ 885.773839] ata3.00: exception Emask 0x1 SAct 0x1e SErr 0x0 action 0x6 frozen Apr 25 00:28:25 vare6gin kernel: [ 885.773845] ata3.00: Ata error. fis:0x21 Apr 25 00:28:25 vare6gin kernel: [ 885.773861] ata3.00: cmd 60/08:08:3f:00:ad/00:00:10:00:00/40 tag 1 ncq 4096 in Apr 25 00:28:25 vare6gin kernel: [ 885.773864] res 51/40:24:67:c8:91/40:00:05:00:00/40 Emask 0x9 (media error) Apr 25 00:28:25 vare6gin kernel: [ 885.773871] ata3.00: status: { DRDY ERR } Apr 25 00:28:25 vare6gin kernel: [ 885.773877] ata3.00: error: { UNC } Apr 25 00:28:25 vare6gin kernel: [ 885.773890] ata3.00: cmd 60/18:10:9f:6b:ed/00:00:0e:00:00/40 tag 2 ncq 12288 in Apr 25 00:28:25 vare6gin kernel: [ 885.773893] res 51/40:24:67:c8:91/40:00:05:00:00/40 Emask 0x9 (media error) Apr 25 00:28:25 vare6gin kernel: [ 885.773900] ata3.00: status: { DRDY ERR } Apr 25 00:28:25 vare6gin kernel: [ 885.773904] ata3.00: error: { UNC } Apr 25 00:28:25 vare6gin kernel: [ 885.773918] ata3.00: cmd 60/08:18:3f:5f:ed/00:00:0e:00:00/40 tag 3 ncq 4096 in Apr 25 00:28:25 vare6gin kernel: [ 885.773921] res 51/40:24:67:c8:91/40:00:05:00:00/40 Emask 0x9 (media error) Apr 25 00:28:25 vare6gin kernel: [ 885.773927] ata3.00: status: { DRDY ERR } Apr 25 00:28:25 vare6gin kernel: [ 885.773932] ata3.00: error: { UNC } Apr 25 00:28:25 vare6gin kernel: [ 885.773946] ata3.00: cmd 60/08:20:67:c8:91/00:00:05:00:00/40 tag 4 ncq 4096 in Apr 25 00:28:25 vare6gin kernel: [ 885.773948] res 51/40:24:67:c8:91/40:00:05:00:00/40 Emask 0x9 (media error) Apr 25 00:28:25 vare6gin kernel: [ 885.773955] ata3.00: status: { DRDY ERR } Apr 25 00:28:25 vare6gin kernel: [ 885.773960] ata3.00: error: { UNC } Apr 25 00:28:25 vare6gin kernel: [ 885.773970] ata3: hard resetting link Apr 25 00:28:25 vare6gin kernel: [ 885.773974] ata3: nv: skipping hardreset on occupied port Apr 25 00:28:25 vare6gin kernel: [ 886.240073] ata3: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300) Apr 25 00:28:25 vare6gin kernel: [ 886.256277] ata3.00: configured for UDMA/133 Apr 25 00:28:25 vare6gin kernel: [ 886.256305] ata3: EH complete Apr 25 00:28:27 vare6gin kernel: [ 888.176088] ata3: EH in SWNCQ mode,QC:qc_active 0xF sactive 0xF Apr 25 00:28:27 vare6gin kernel: [ 888.176099] ata3: SWNCQ:qc_active 0xF defer_bits 0x0 last_issue_tag 0x3 Apr 25 00:28:27 vare6gin kernel: [ 888.176102] dhfis 0xF dmafis 0x1 sdbfis 0x0 Apr 25 00:28:27 vare6gin kernel: [ 888.176109] ata3: ATA_REG 0x51 ERR_REG 0x40 Apr 25 00:28:27 vare6gin kernel: [ 888.176113] ata3: tag : dhfis dmafis sdbfis sacitve Apr 25 00:28:27 vare6gin kernel: [ 888.176120] ata3: tag 0x0: 1 1 0 1 Apr 25 00:28:27 vare6gin kernel: [ 888.176126] ata3: tag 0x1: 1 0 0 1 Apr 25 00:28:27 vare6gin kernel: [ 888.176131] ata3: tag 0x2: 1 0 0 1 Apr 25 00:28:27 vare6gin kernel: [ 888.176136] ata3: tag 0x3: 1 0 0 1

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• Set video mode to 1920x1080 (HD) or higher in kernel ASM (NASM assembler)

  - by jimhap

  I would like to set the video mode in a ASM kernel I'm working on to a video mode 1920x1080 or higher (or at least higher than the usual limit in VESA). Is there anyway to do that, and if so, provide sample code? I'm using NASM to code the kernel.

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• Linux Kernel Programming - Module 2 unable to get symbols exported by Module 1

  - by dexkid

  I have a Linux kernel module M1 which exports a symbol S1. When I insmod M1.ko, I can see S1 in /proc/kallsyms. I use S1 in another kernel module M2. When I compile and insert module M2, I get message in dmesg saying "Unknown symbol in module S1". I am stumped. Can someone please tell me what is going wrong? I am using Ubuntu 9.10.

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• barriers in SMP linux kernel

  - by osgx

  Hello Is there smth like pthread_barrier in SMP Linux kernel? When kernel works simultaneously on 2 and more CPUs with the same structure, the barrier (like pthread_barrier) can be useful. It will stop all CPUs entering to it until last CPU will run the barrier. From this moment all CPUs again works.

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• Checking Linux Kernel Debugging option

  - by codingfreak

  How can I know if the standard kernel provided in my linux flavour has got DEBUG KERNEL ENABLED flags selected or not ?? I think DEBUG option should be enabled inorder to use tools like kprobe, systemtap ??

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• where to start linux kernel programming?

  - by Adnan

  I have been programming in C for a couple of years in Linux. Now I want to work on linux kernel and contribute to kernel, if possible. I have been looking on the internet for the information about a starting point but I couldn't find one. So can any one please tell me where to begin?

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• How can I solve the error while compiling the linux kernel 2.6.32.8

  - by user1182030

  while I was compiling the 2.6.32.8 linux kernel,I got the error message like this: In file included from drivers/net/igbvf/ethtool.c:36:0: drivers/net/igbvf/igbvf.h: At top level: drivers/net/igbvf/igbvf.h:128:15: error: duplicate member ‘page’ make[3]: *** [drivers/net/igbvf/ethtool.o] Error 1 make[2]: *** [drivers/net/igbvf] Error 2 make[1]: *** [drivers/net] Error 2 make: *** [drivers] Error 2 My version of gcc is 4.6.3 and I am using Ubuntu linux (the kernel I am using is 3.2.0.30).I've tried for times but failed,please help!

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• Read linux kernel version using C?

  - by ipkiss

  Hi, I am using Ubuntu and I want to read the version of its kernel. I found a file named version in /proc/ that records the version of the current kernel. If I dont want to read file, is there any other way, like built-in function in C, that I can read the version in C? Thanks

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• Linux kernel sucessor or replacement?

  - by Francisco Garcia

  Since the Linux kernel is getting bigger and bigger, do you think its monolithic design will be a problem to scale up well? Do you know of any project undertaking a redesign of the kernel to ease its growth?

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• in kernel and user space

  - by jtzero

  Now I know that developing an app that goes into kernel space should be avoided - its hard to debug, complex etc.... with that off the table what are some advanteages to moving an app from user space to the kernel?

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• Context switches in control paths of a non-preemptive kernel (Linux)

  - by EpsilonVector

  The Linux kernel is non-preemptive, but I just read that there could be context-switches in different control paths. Doesn't that contradict the non-preemptive nature on the Linux kernel?

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• Massive crash and kernel panic after updates yesterday, what now?

  - by Ghost

  Got 12.04 on an AMD+radeon machine, everything was running fine until last night when the update manager installed new packages, and now the moment I open a browser (firefox, chromium, anything) it crashes instantly. It says warning: at build/buildd/linux-3.5.0/arch/x86/kernel/smp.c:123 native_smp_send_reschedule+0x5b/0x60() Pid: 2432, comm: chrome_dbthread tainted: G D 3.5.0-2generic #2-ubuntu I already tried uninstalling the packages from the update log, didn't solve a thing. Depending of which browser I use I get a different reaction, like a complete freeze instead of a text console crash. Ideas? I really don't know what to do.

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• Changing file permissions in kernel.

  - by Mehrdad

  I am writing kernel module(C in Linux) and I want to change the permission of the other files in it. any solution? since I am in kernel I can't use chmod syscall and ... thanks for your help This is my Makefile: > obj-m += ca.o > > all: > make -C /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build M=$(PWD) modules > > clean: > make -C /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build M=$(PWD) clean And this is my Code: > #include <linux/string.h> > #include <linux/mm.h> > /* Snip, tons of includes (all of them :))*/ > #include <linux/delay.h> .... int procfile_write(struct file *file, > const char *buffer, unsigned long > count, > void *data) { ... sys_chmod(path, per); ... } ... When Making it gives a warning: WARNING: "sys_chmod" [file] undefiened and when loading the module with "sudo insmod" it gives this error: Unknown sybol in module it seems that this error happens especialy in kernel modules. any idea? again thanks!

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• Simple OpenCL Kernel

  - by Yuuta

  I'm trying to write a kernel which is a little long but the output is not correct. I took out a lot almost everything and finally narrowed down the an initialization problem and I found that the following works: __kernel void k_sIntegral(__global const float* eData,__global const unsigned long* elements,__global float* area){ const int i = get_global_id(0); if(i < elements[0]){ area[i] = i; } } But the following does not work: __kernel void k_sIntegral(__global const float* eData,__global const unsigned long* elements,__global float* area){ const int i = get_global_id(0); if(i < elements[0]){ __local float a,b,c,j,k,h,s; area[i] = i; } } Using the first kernel, I get: area[1] = 1 Using the second kernel, I get: area[1] = 0 (from calloc) Update: It seems like the code does work, but I need to change the function name otherwise it somehow calls the previous function even though it was not compiled (?). Any leads to why that happens? If anyone can let me know what might be the problem I'll be really grateful, thanks in advance!

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• Chrome Extension that recognize url and transform it to a Link

  - by gsharp

  Hi I'm looking for an Chrome Extension that recognizes urls on a Webpage that are plain text and transform it to a real link. Thanks for your help.

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• How to create a default association for files with no extension

  - by acidzombie24

  I am using http://www.pnotepad.org/ (i wouldnt mind switching to something else if it lightweight and has most/all features i like which i'll check on a app by app basis) When i create a new tab/file and save it unless i write .txt i get a file with no extention. Which makes it hard to open since i cant double click it (i dont think i can tell win7 to set a default app for files with no extension) How do i make pnotepad save with a .txt when non are specified?

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• Restricting memory area for linux kernel

  - by user1066789

  I am running ltib linux on P1022RDK (P1022 Core) platform. I have 512 MB = 0x20000000 memory. I want my linux kernel to use second half of the board memory (i.e from 256 MB to 512 MB) and want first half of memory to be reserved for some other purpose. For this I am building linux kernel using ltib. For that purpose I am setting following kernel configuration. Please suggest if I am doing it the right way. CONFIG_LOWMEM_SIZE = 0x10000000 # 256 MB CONFIG_PHYSICAL_START = 0x10000000 # Starting from 256MB (second half of memory) On the Uboot I am loading the kernel as following way setenv loadaddr 0x11000000 # Kernel base = 0x10000000 + 0x01000000 (offset) setenv fdtaddr 0x10c00000 # Kernel base = 0x10000000 + 0x00c00000 (offset) bootm $loadaddr - $fdtaddr My kernel Load address is 0x10000000 & kernel entry point is 0x10000000 Doing above configuration / steps my kernel stuck at following on Uboot ## Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 11000000 ... Image Name: Linux-2.6.32.13 Image Type: PowerPC Linux Kernel Image (gzip compressed) Data Size: 3352851 Bytes = 3.2 MB Load Address: 10000000 Entry Point: 10000000 Verifying Checksum ... OK ## Flattened Device Tree blob at 10c00000 Booting using the fdt blob at 0x10c00000 Uncompressing Kernel Image ... OK ================ It should uncompress FDT here & continue ============== Any thoughts ?

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• Linux says a kernel module has an unknown symbol, but another loaded module provides it.

  - by raldi

  I'm trying to install a driver for a USB DAQ box, which annoyingly, I have to compile myself. I believe I've succeeded -- I have two .ko files: -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 45271 2010-03-18 21:24 advdrv_core.ko -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 24312 2010-03-18 21:24 usb4761.ko I was able to run insmod on the first without incident, but when I try on the second, I get a flood of messages: kernel: [686782.106547] usb4761: no symbol version for adv_process_info_check_event kernel: [686782.106555] usb4761: Unknown symbol adv_process_info_check_event kernel: [686782.106691] usb4761: no symbol version for advdrv_unregister_driver kernel: [686782.106695] usb4761: Unknown symbol advdrv_unregister_driver However, advdrv_core.ko provides these symbols. My kernel sure seems to have them in memory: # cat /proc/kallsyms | grep advdrv_unregister_driver f8d88504 r __ksymtab_advdrv_unregister_driver [advdrv_core] f8d888d2 r __kstrtab_advdrv_unregister_driver [advdrv_core] f8d885a4 r __kcrctab_advdrv_unregister_driver [advdrv_core] 086eb8fb a __crc_advdrv_unregister_driver [advdrv_core] f8d86e90 t advdrv_unregister_driver [advdrv_core] Why does my insmod claim they're unknown symbols?

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• if there are multiple kernel module can drive the same device, what is the rule to choose from them?

  - by Dyno Fu

  both pcnet32 and vmxnet can drive the device. $ lspci -k ... 02:01.0 Ethernet controller: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] 79c970 [PCnet32 LANCE] (rev 10) Subsystem: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] 79c970 [PCnet32 LANCE] Flags: bus master, medium devsel, latency 64, IRQ 19 I/O ports at 2000 [size=128] [virtual] Expansion ROM at dc400000 [disabled] [size=64K] Kernel driver in use: vmxnet Kernel modules: vmxnet, pcnet32 both kernel modules are loaded, $ lsmod | grep net pcnet32 32644 0 vmxnet 17696 0 mii 5212 1 pcnet32 as you see, kernel driver in use is vmxnet. is there any policy/algorithm in kernel how to choose from the candidates?

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• How to become a Kernel/Systems/Device driver programmer?

  - by accordionfolder

  Hello all! I currently work in a professional capacity as a software engineer working with the Android OS. We work at integrating our platform as a native daemon among other facets of the project. I primarily work in Java developing the SDK and Android applications, but get to help with the platform in C/C++. Anywho, I have a great interest to work professionally developing low level for linux. I am not unhappy in my current position and will hang around as long as the company lets me (as a matter of fact I quite enjoy working there!), but I would like to work my way that direction. I've been working through Linux Kernel Development (Robert Love) and The Linux Programming Interface (Michael Kerrisk) (In addition to strengthening my C skills at every chance I get) and casually browsing Monster and similar sites. The problem I see is, there are no entry level positions. How does one break into this field? Anytime I see "Linux Systems Programmer" or "Linux Device Driver Programmer" they all require at the minimum 5-7 years of relevant experience. They want someone who knows the ropes, not a junior level programmer (I've been working for 7 months now...). So, I'm assuming, that some of you on stackoverflow work in a professional capacity doing just what I would like to do. How did you get there? What platforms did you use to work your way there? Am I going to have a more difficult time because I have my bachelors in CSC as opposed to a computer engineer (where they would experience a bit more embedded, asm, etc)?

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• How do I target a specific driver for libata kernel parameter modding?

  - by DanielSmedegaardBuus

  Sorry for the cryptic title. Not sure how to phrase it. This is it in a nutshell: I'm running a 22-disk setup, 19 of those in a ZFS array, 15 of those backed by three port multipliers attached to SATA controllers driven by the sata_sil24 module. When running full speed (SATA2, i.e. 3 Gbps), the operation is pretty quirky (simple read errors will throw an entire PMP into spasms for a long time, sometimes with pretty awful results). Booting with kernel parameter libata.force=1.5G to force SATA controllers into "legacy" speeds completely fixes all issues with the PMPs. Thing is, my ZFS pool is backed by a fast cache SSD on my ICH10R controller. Another SSD on this same controller holds the system. Doing libata.force=1.5G immediately shaves about 100 MB/s off the transfer rate of my SSDs. For the root drive, that's not such a big deal, but for the ZFS cache SSD, it is. It effectively makes the entire zpool slower for sustained transfers than it would've been without the cache drive. Random access and fs tree lookups, of course still benifit. I'm hoping, though, that there's some way to pass the .force=1.5G parameter on to just the three SATA controllers being backed by the sata_sil24 module. But listing the module options for this, no such option exists. Is this possible? And if so, how? Thanks :)

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• How can I install Ubuntu's 10.10 kernel I Ubuntu 12.10?

  - by user103533

  I did use Ubuntu 10.10 for a long time, and now I replaced it with Ubuntu 12.10, every thing works great, but I do have one little problem, which is with my wireless card. On Ubuntu 10.10, it worked PERFECTLY, and it even worked better than in windows 7, so I was very happy with Ubuntu 10.10, but, like I said, after installing 12.10, my wireless card doesn't work any more, so I heard that KERNELS are the reason for that. Are kernels the reason for my wireless not working now? If yes then please teach me how to remove my current kernels and install 10.10 kernels. I went to -Additional Drivers- and i found something very weird i took picture and this is what it look like "apply changes" Button NOT active so i can't install driver :( anyway... my Wireless card is WL-138g v2 (remember on Ubuntu 10.10 it was WORKING 100% normally and FREE i did NOT pay for it driver) so... now what shall i do ? it is saying in picture // Using Non-Free firmware for linux kernel drivers from linux-firmware-nonfree (proprietary) // BTW i did "rfkill list" but NO-thing appear under that command.

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• dpkg reporting as installed, uninstalled kernels

  - by Tony Martin

  I have run the following command to remove old kernels: dpkg -l 'linux-*' | sed '/^ii/!d;/'"$(uname -r | sed "s/\(.*\)-\([^0-9]\+\)/\1/")"'/d;s/^[^ ]* [^ ]* \([^ ]*\).*/\1/;/[0-9]/!d' | xargs sudo apt-get -y purge and only the current kernel is now installed, which I have confirmed in synaptic and by checking my boot partition. However, when I run: dpkg --list | grep linux-image I get the following response: rc linux-image-3.13.0-30-generic 3.13.0-30.55 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-3.13.0-32-generic 3.13.0-32.57 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-3.13.0-34-generic 3.13.0-34.60 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-extra-3.13.0-30-generic 3.13.0-30.55 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP rc linux-image-extra-3.13.0-32-generic 3.13.0-32.57 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-extra-3.13.0-34-generic 3.13.0-34.60 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-generic 3.13.0.34.40 amd64 Generic Linux kernel image Probably not a problem, but just wondering why versions -30 and -32 are reported as present. Can it be rectified? TIA

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• Should I update the kernel on a Linux machine?

  - by Legate

  As I understand it, updating to a new kernel (with the normal linux-image... package, not by rolling my own) requires a server restart. However, one of our servers (Ubuntu 10.04) is running several extensive screen sessions. Restarting kills those which is always a major hassle to their owners (mostly because of lost session histories). What should I do? I see several possibilites: Not doing anything, that is update only non-kernel packages (perhaps use apt-pinning?) Update the kernel, but not restart. (Is that smart? I seem to remember there might be some problems with loading kernel modules.) Updating the kernel and restarting. Is there perhaps some way to preserve the screen sessions? I guess it ultimately boils down to this question: How important is it to update the kernel? I posted this question here instead of askubuntu.com as I think this is not an Ubuntu-specific issue though this server is running Ubuntu.

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• How to keep asm output from Linux kernel module build

  - by fastmonkeywheels

  I'm working on a Linux kernel module for a 2.6.x kernel and I need to view the assembly output, though it's currently being done as a temporary file an deleted afterwords. I'd like to have the assembly output mixed with my C source file so I can easily trace where my problem lies. This is for an ARMv6 core and apparently objdump doesn't support this architecture. I've included my makefile below. ETREP=/xxSourceTreexx/ GNU_BIN=$(ETREP)/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/bin CROSS_COMPILE := $(GNU_BIN)/arm-none-linux-gnueabi- ARCH := arm KDIR=$(ETREP)/linux-2.6.31/ MAKE= CROSS_COMPILE=$(CROSS_COMPILE) ARCH=$(ARCH) make obj-m += xxfile1xx.o all: $(MAKE) -C $(KDIR) M=$(PWD) modules clean: $(MAKE) -C $(KDIR) M=$(PWD) clean

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