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  • Why can't i define recursive variable in code block?

    - by senia
    Why can't i define a variable recursively in a code block? scala> { | val fibs: Stream[Int] = 1 #:: fibs.scanLeft(1){_ + _} | } <console>:9: error: forward reference extends over definition of value fibs val fibs: Stream[Int] = 1 #:: fibs.scanLeft(1){_ + _} ^ scala> val fibs: Stream[Int] = 1 #:: fibs.scanLeft(1){_ + _} fibs: Stream[Int] = Stream(1, ?) lazy keyword solves this problem, but i can't understand why it works without a code block but throws a compilation error in a code block.

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  • OutOfMemoryError creating a tree recursively?

    - by Alexander Khaos Greenstein
    root = new TreeNode(N); constructTree(N, root); private void constructTree(int N, TreeNode node) { if (N > 0) { node.setLeft(new TreeNode(N-1)); constructTree(N-1, node.getLeft()); } if (N > 1) { node.setMiddle(new TreeNode(N-2)); constructTree(N-2, node.getMiddle()); } if (N > 2) { node.setRight(new TreeNode(N-3)); constructTree(N-3, node.getRight()); } Assume N is the root number, and the three will create a left middle right node of N-1, N-2, N-3. EX: 5 / | \ 4 3 2 /|\ 3 2 1 etc. My GameNode class has the following variables: private int number; private GameNode left, middle, right; Whenever I construct a tree with an integer greater than 28, I get a OutOfMemoryError. Is my recursive method just incredibly inefficient or is this natural? Thanks!

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  • How can I make a recursive version of my iterative method?

    - by user247679
    Greetings. I am trying to write a recursive function in Java that prints the numbers one through n. (n being the parameter that you send the function.) An iterative solution is pretty straightforward: public static void printNumbers(int n){ for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++){ System.out.println(i); i++; } As a novice programmer, I'm having troubles figuring out how a recursive version of this method would work. Any bright ideas? Thanks for reading my problem!

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  • Traverse a XML using Recursive function

    - by Kaja
    How can I traverse (read all the nodes in order) a XML document using recursive functions in c#? What I want is to read all the nodes in xml (which has attributes) and print them in the same structure as xml (but without Node Localname) Thanks

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  • Can somebody please explain this recursive function for me?

    - by capncoolio
    #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> void reprint(char *a[]) { if(*a) { printf("%d ",a); reprint(a+1); printf("%s ",*a); } } int main() { char *coll[] = {"C", "Objective", "like", "don't", "I", NULL}; reprint(coll); printf("\n"); return EXIT_SUCCESS; } As the more experienced will know, this prints the array in reverse. I don't quite understand how! I need help understanding what reprint(char *a[]) does. I understand pointer arithmetic to a degree, but from inserting printf's here and there, I've determined that the function increments up to the array end, and then back down to the start, only printing on the way down. However, I do not understand how it does this; all I've managed to understand by looking at the actual code is that if *a isn't NULL, then call reprint again, at the next index. Thanks guys!

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  • Java iterative vs recursive

    - by user1389813
    Can anyone explain why the following recursive method is faster than the iterative one (Both are doing it string concatenation) ? Isn't the iterative approach suppose to beat up the recursive one ? plus each recursive call adds a new layer on top of the stack which can be very space inefficient. private static void string_concat(StringBuilder sb, int count){ if(count >= 9999) return; string_concat(sb.append(count), count+1); } public static void main(String [] arg){ long s = System.currentTimeMillis(); StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); for(int i = 0; i < 9999; i++){ sb.append(i); } System.out.println(System.currentTimeMillis()-s); s = System.currentTimeMillis(); string_concat(new StringBuilder(),0); System.out.println(System.currentTimeMillis()-s); } I ran the program multiple time, and the recursive one always ends up 3-4 times faster than the iterative one. What could be the main reason there that is causing the iterative one slower ?

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  • Writing a recursive sorting algorithm of an array of integers

    - by 12345
    I am trying to write a recursive sorting algorithm for an array of integers. The following codes prints to the console: 3, 5, 2, 1, 1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 10, 20 The output should be sorted but somehow "it doesn't work". public static void main(String[] args) { int[] unsortedList = {20, 3, 1, 2, 1, 2, 6, 8, 10, 5, 7}; duplexSelectionSort(unsortedList, 0, unsortedList.length-1); for (int i = 0; i < unsortedList.length; i++) { System.out.println(unsortedList[i]); } } public static void duplexSelectionSort( int[] unsortedNumbers, int startIndex, int stopIndex) { int minimumIndex = 0; int maximumIndex = 0; if (startIndex < stopIndex) { int index = 0; while (index <= stopIndex) { if (unsortedNumbers[index] < unsortedNumbers[minimumIndex]) { minimumIndex = index; } if (unsortedNumbers[index] > unsortedNumbers[maximumIndex]) { maximumIndex = index; } index++; } swapEdges(unsortedNumbers, startIndex, stopIndex, minimumIndex, maximumIndex); duplexSelectionSort(unsortedNumbers, startIndex + 1, stopIndex - 1); } } public static void swapEdges( int[] listOfIntegers, int startIndex, int stopIndex, int minimumIndex, int maximumIndex) { if ((minimumIndex == stopIndex) && (maximumIndex == startIndex)) { swap(listOfIntegers, startIndex, stopIndex); } else { if (maximumIndex == startIndex) { swap(listOfIntegers, maximumIndex, stopIndex); swap(listOfIntegers, minimumIndex, startIndex); } else { swap(listOfIntegers, minimumIndex, startIndex); swap(listOfIntegers, maximumIndex, stopIndex); } } } public static void swap(int[] listOfIntegers, int index1, int index2) { int savedElementAtIndex1 = listOfIntegers[index1]; listOfIntegers[index1] = listOfIntegers[index2]; listOfIntegers[index2] = savedElementAtIndex1; }

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  • How do I find the millionth number in the series: 2 3 4 6 9 13 19 28 42 63 ... ?

    - by HH
    It takes about minute to achieve 3000 in my comp but I need to know the millionth number in the series. The definition is recursive so I cannot see any shortcuts except to calculate everything before the millionth number. How can you fast calculate millionth number in the series? Series Def n_{i+1} = \floor{ 3/2 * n_{i} } and n_{0}=2. Interestingly, only one site list the series according to Google: this one. Too slow Bash code #!/bin/bash function series { n=$( echo "3/2*$n" | bc -l | tr '\n' ' ' | sed -e 's@\\@@g' -e 's@ @@g' ); # bc gives \ at very large numbers, sed-tr for it n=$( echo $n/1 | bc ) #DUMMY FLOOR func } n=2 nth=1 while [ true ]; #$nth -lt 500 ]; do series $n # n gets new value in the function through global value echo $nth $n nth=$( echo $nth + 1 | bc ) #n++ done

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  • C++ Filling an 1D array to represent a n-dimensional object based on a straight line segment

    - by Ben
    I'm struggling to find a good way to put this question but here goes. I'm making a system that uses a 1D array implemented as double * parts_ = new double[some_variable];. I want to use this to hold co-ordinates for a particle system that can run in various dimensions. What I want to be able to do is write a generic fill algorithm for filling this in n-dimensions with a common increment in all direction to a variable size. Examples will serve best I think. Consider the case where the number of particles stored by the array is 4 In 1D this produces 4 elements in the array because each particle only has one co-ordinate. 1D: {0, 25, 50, 75}; In 2D this produces 8 elements in the array because each particle has two co-ordinates.. 2D: {0, 0, 0, 25, 25, 0, 25, 25} In 3D this produces 12 elements in the array because each particle now has three co-ordinates {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 25, 0, 0, 50, ... } These examples are still not quite accurate, but they hopefully will suffice. The way I would do this normally for two dimensions: int i = 0; for(int x = 0; x < parts_size_ / dims_ / dims_ * 25; x += 25) { for(int y = 0; y < parts_size_ / dims_ / dims_ * 25; y += 25) { parts_[i] = x; parts_[i+1] = y; i+=2; // Indentation hates me today .< How can I implement this for n-dimensions where 25 can be any number? The straight line part is because it seems to me logical that a line is a somewhat regular shape in 1D, as is a square in 2D, and a cube in 3D. It seems to me that it would follow that there would be similar shapes in this family that could be implemented for 4D and higher dimensions via a similar fill pattern. This is the shape I wish to set my array to represent.

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  • How can I implement a tail-recursive list append?

    - by martingw
    A simple append function like this (in F#): let rec app s t = match s with | [] -> t | (x::ss) -> x :: (app ss t) will crash when s becomes big, since the function is not tail recursive. I noticed that F#'s standard append function does not crash with big lists, so it must be implemented differently. So I wondered: How does a tail recursive definition of append look like? I came up with something like this: let rec comb s t = match s with | [] -> t | (x::ss) -> comb ss (x::t) let app2 s t = comb (List.rev s) t which works, but looks rather odd. Is there a more elegant definition?

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  • Returning a list in this recursive coi function in python.

    - by Nate
    Hello. I'm having trouble getting my list to return in my code. Instead of returning the list, it keeps returning None, but if I replace the return with print in the elif statement, it prints the list just fine. How can I repair this? def makeChange2(amount, coinDenomination, listofcoins = None): #makes a list of coins from an amount given by using a greedy algorithm coinDenomination.sort() #reverse the list to make the largest position 0 at all times coinDenomination.reverse() #assigns list if listofcoins is None: listofcoins = [] if amount >= coinDenomination[0]: listofcoins = listofcoins + [coinDenomination[0]] makeChange2((amount - coinDenomination[0]), coinDenomination, listofcoins) elif amount == 0: return listofcoins else: makeChange2(amount, coinDenomination[1:], listofcoins)

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  • Testing for Adjacent Cells In a Multi-level Grid

    - by Steve
    I'm designing an algorithm to test whether cells on a grid are adjacent or not. The catch is that the cells are not on a flat grid. They are on a multi-level grid such as the one drawn below. Level 1 (Top Level) | - - - - - | | A | B | C | | - - - - - | | D | E | F | | - - - - - | | G | H | I | | - - - - - | Level 2 | -Block A- | -Block B- | | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | | - - - - - | - - - - - | | 4 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 5 | 6 | ... | - - - - - | - - - - - | | 7 | 8 | 9 | 7 | 8 | 9 | | - - - - - | - - - - - | | -Block D- | -Block E- | | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | | - - - - - | - - - - - | | 4 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 5 | 6 | ... | - - - - - | - - - - - | | 7 | 8 | 9 | 7 | 8 | 9 | | - - - - - | - - - - - | . . . . . . This diagram is simplified from my actual need but the concept is the same. There is a top level block with many cells within it (level 1). Each block is further subdivided into many more cells (level 2). Those cells are further subdivided into level 3, 4 and 5 for my project but let's just stick to two levels for this question. I'm receiving inputs for my function in the form of "A8, A9, B7, D3". That's a list of cell Ids where each cell Id has the format (level 1 id)(level 2 id). Let's start by comparing just 2 cells, A8 and A9. That's easy because they are in the same block. private static RelativePosition getRelativePositionInTheSameBlock(String v1, String v2) { RelativePosition relativePosition; if( v1-v2 == -1 ) { relativePosition = RelativePosition.LEFT_OF; } else if (v1-v2 == 1) { relativePosition = RelativePosition.RIGHT_OF; } else if (v1-v2 == -BLOCK_WIDTH) { relativePosition = RelativePosition.TOP_OF; } else if (v1-v2 == BLOCK_WIDTH) { relativePosition = RelativePosition.BOTTOM_OF; } else { relativePosition = RelativePosition.NOT_ADJACENT; } return relativePosition; } An A9 - B7 comparison could be done by checking if A is a multiple of BLOCK_WIDTH and whether B is (A-BLOCK_WIDTH+1). Either that or just check naively if the A/B pair is 3-1, 6-4 or 9-7 for better readability. For B7 - D3, they are not adjacent but D3 is adjacent to A9 so I can do a similar adjacency test as above. So getting away from the little details and focusing on the big picture. Is this really the best way to do it? Keeping in mind the following points: I actually have 5 levels not 2, so I could potentially get a list like "A8A1A, A8A1B, B1A2A, B1A2B". Adding a new cell to compare still requires me to compare all the other cells before it (seems like the best I could do for this step is O(n)) The cells aren't all 3x3 blocks, they're just that way for my example. They could be MxN blocks with different M and N for different levels. In my current implementation above, I have separate functions to check adjacency if the cells are in the same blocks, if they are in separate horizontally adjacent blocks or if they are in separate vertically adjacent blocks. That means I have to know the position of the two blocks at the current level before I call one of those functions for the layer below. Judging by the complexity of having to deal with mulitple functions for different edge cases at different levels and having 5 levels of nested if statements. I'm wondering if another design is more suitable. Perhaps a more recursive solution, use of other data structures, or perhaps map the entire multi-level grid to a single-level grid (my quick calculations gives me about 700,000+ atomic cell ids). Even if I go that route, mapping from multi-level to single level is a non-trivial task in itself.

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  • What SQL query should I perform to get the result set expected?

    - by texai
    What SQL query should I perform to get the result set expected, giving the first element of the chain (2) as input data, or any of them ? table name: changes +----+---------------+---------------+ | id | new_record_id | old_record_id | +----+---------------+---------------+ | 1| 4| 2| | -- non relevant data -- | | 6| 7| 4| | -- non relevant data -- | | 11| 13| 7| | 12| 14| 13| | -- non relevant data -- | | 31| 20| 14| +----+---------------+---------------+ Result set expected: +--+ | 2| | 4| | 7| |13| |14| |20| +--+ I know I should consider change my data model, but: What if I couldn't? Thank you in advance!

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  • Recurssion Question : Revision

    - by stan
    My slides say that A recurssive call should always be on a smaller data structure than the current one There must be a non recurssive option if the data structure is too small You need a wrapper method to make the recurssive method accessible Just reading this from the slides makes no sence, especially seeing as it was a topic from before christmas! Could anyone try and clear up what it means please? Thank you

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  • slowing down a loop in a recursive function

    - by eco_bach
    I have a difficult problem with a recursive function. Essentially I need to 'slow down' a for loop within a function that repeatedly calls itself(the function); Is this possible, or do I need to somehow extract the recursive nature of the function? function callRecursiveFuncAgain(ob:Object):void{ //do recursive stuff; for (var i:int = 0; i < 4; i++) { _nextObj=foo callRecursiveFuncAgain(_nextObj); } }

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  • Java : Count even values in a Binary Search Tree recursively

    - by user307682
    Hi, I need to find out how many even values are contained in a binary tree. this is my code. private int countEven(BSTNode root){ if ((root == null)|| (root.value%2==1)) return 0; return 1+ countEven(root.left) + countEven(root.right); } this i just coded as i do not have a way to test this out. I'm not able to test it out at the moment but need an answer so badly. any help is deeply appreciated.

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  • Java How to find a value in a linked list iteratively and recursively

    - by Roxy
    Hi I have a method that has a reference to a linked list and a int value. So, this method would count and return how often the value happens in the linked list. So, I decided to make a class, public class ListNode{ public ListNode (int v, ListNode n) {value = v; next = n;) public int value; public ListNode next; } Then, the method would start with a public static int findValue(ListNode x, int valueToCount){ // so would I do it like this?? I don't know how to find the value, // like do I check it? for (int i =0; i< x.length ;i++){ valueToCount += valueToCount; } So, I CHANGED this part, If I did this recursively, then I would have public static int findValue(ListNode x, int valueToCount) { if (x.next != null && x.value == valueToCount { return 1 + findValue(x, valueToCount);} else return new findvalue(x, valueToCount); SO, is the recursive part correct now?

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  • Using ANTLR with Left-Recursive Rules

    - by CNevin561
    Basically Ive written a Parse for a language with just basic arithmetic operators ( +, -, * / ) etc, but for the minus and plus cases, the Abstract Syntax Tree which is generated has parsed them as right associative when they need to be left associative. Having a googled for a solution, i found a tutorial that suggests rewriting the rule from: Expression ::= Expression <operator> Term | Term as Expression ::= Term <operator> Expression*. However in my head this seems to generate the tree the wrong way round. Any pointers on a way to resolve this issue?

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  • Elegant way to aggregate multi-dimensional array by index key

    - by Stephen J. Fuhry
    How can I recursively find the total value of all children of an array that looks something like this? [0] => Array ( [value] => ? // 8590.25 + 200.5 + 22.4 [children] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [value] => ? // 8590.25 + 200.5 [children] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [value] => 8590.25 // leaf node ) [1] => Array ( [value] => 200.05 // leaf node ) ) ) [1] => Array ( [value] => 22.4 // leaf node ) ) )

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  • Millionth number in the serie 2 3 4 6 9 13 19 28 42 63 ... ?

    - by HH
    It takes about minute to achieve 3000 in my comp but I need to know the millionth number in the serie. The definition is recursive so I cannot see any shortcuts except to calculate everything before the millionth number. How can you fast calculate millionth number in the serie? Serie Def n_{i+1} = \floor{ 3/2 * n_{i} } and n_{0}=2. Interestingly, only one site list the serie according to Goolge: this one. Too slow Bash code #!/bin/bash function serie { n=$( echo "3/2*$n" | bc -l | tr '\n' ' ' | sed -e 's@\\@@g' -e 's@ @@g' ); # bc gives \ at very large numbers, sed-tr for it n=$( echo $n/1 | bc ) #DUMMY FLOOR func } n=2 nth=1 while [ true ]; #$nth -lt 500 ]; do serie $n # n gets new value in the function throught global value echo $nth $n nth=$( echo $nth + 1 | bc ) #n++ done

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  • best way to write a-> ..->[a] recursive functions in haskell

    - by Roman A. Taycher
    So I keep having this small problem where I have something like func :: a -> b -> [a] -- or basically any a-> ...-> [a] where ... is any types -> func x y = func' [x] y -- as long as they are used to generate a list of [a] from x func' :: [a] -> b -> [a] func = undefined --situation dependant generates a list from each element and returns it as one long list should I keep it like this? should I use func' hidden by a where? should I only use the [a] - b - [a] version and leave the responsibility of passing [variable] to the callee? I might well need to compose these functions and might want to mess around with the order so I'm leaning towards option 3. What do you think?

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  • Reset array keys in multidimensional array

    - by nbaumann
    I've been looking around for a solution to this with no real success. I have a multidimensional array of parents and children with no limits on depth. This is generated from a database but the issue is that the item ID becomes the key using my way of arranging a flat array into a multidimensional array like so: Array( [28] => Array ( [id] => 28 [color] => #ff24e5 [name] => Personal [parent_id] => [children] => Array ( [23] => Array ( [id] => 23 [color] => #41c3a3 [name] => Shopping [parent_id] => 28 [children] => Array ( [22] => Array ( [id] => 22 [color] => #8be32b [name] => Deals [parent_id] => 23 [children] => Array ( ) ) ) ) [150] => Array ( [id] => 150 [color] => #e9a3f0 [name] => Orders [parent_id] => 28 [children] => Array ( ) ) ) ) ) What I would like, is a function that does the following: Array ( [0] => Array ( [id] => 28 [color] => #ff24e5 [name] => Personal [parent_id] => [children] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [id] => 23 [color] => #41c3a3 [name] => Shopping [parent_id] => 28 [children] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [id] => 22 [color] => #8be32b [name] => Deals [user_id] => 1 [selected] => 0 [parent_id] => 23 [children] => Array ( ) ) ) ) [1] => Array ( [id] => 150 [color] => #e9a3f0 [name] => Orders [parent_id] => 28 [children] => Array ( ) ) ) ) ) Essentially reassign keys starting from 0. I've tried numerous methods, but I'm assuming that I need to find a recursive solution and when I tried that, it destroyed my array. I was reading up on the array_walk_recursive() function, but I don't quite know what to do beyond that. Essentially, is there a way to reset numeric keys in a multidimensional array? Thanks for the help!

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  • Return NSString from a recursive function

    - by Dave
    Hi, I have a recursive function that is designed to take parse a tree and store all the values of the tree nodes in an NSString. Is the algorithm below correct? NSString* finalString = [self parseTree:rootNode string:@""]; -(NSString*)parseTree:(Node*)currentNode string:(NSMutableString*)myString { [myString appendText:currentNode.value]; for(int i=0;i<[currentNode.children length];i++){ return [self parseTree:[currentNode.children] objectAtIndex:i] string:myString]; } }

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  • Segmentation fault C++ in recursive function

    - by user69514
    Why do I get a segmentation fault in my recursive function. It happens every time i call it when a value greater than 4 as a parameter #include <iostream> #include <limits> using namespace std; int printSeries(int n){ if(n==1){ return 1; } else if( n==2){ return 2; } else if( n==3){ return 3; } else if( n==4){ return printSeries(1) + printSeries(2) + printSeries(3); } else{ return printSeries(n-3) + printSeries((n-2) + printSeries(n-1)); } } int main(){ //double infinity = numeric_limits<double>::max(); for(int i=1; i<=10; i++){ cout << printSeries(i) << endl; } return 0; }

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  • Java keep printing a new line in my recursive method

    - by Abra Grace Libretto White
    I am trying to write a recursive method to print n number of asteriks in a line and create a new line at the end. So, TriangleOps.line(5); would print ***** This is the code I wrote: public static void line (int n){ if(n>0){ System.out.println("*"); line(n-1); }} instead it prints * * * * * with a lot of space at the end. Can anyone tell me how to remove the line breaks?

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