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  • Can you make a PHP function recursive without repeating it's name?

    - by alex
    It's always bugged me a recursive function needs to name itself, when a instantiated class can use $this and a static method can use self etc. Is there a similar way to do this in a recursive function without naming it again (just to cut down on maintenance)? Obviously I could use call_user_func or the __FUNCTION__ constant but I would prefer something less ugly. Update Thanks for your answers. I might stick to including the function name for simple functions, and make take the other approaches for anything more complicated.

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  • What exactly is a reentrant function?

    - by eSKay
    Most of the times, the definition of reentrance is quoted from Wikipedia: A computer program or routine is described as reentrant if it can be safely called again before its previous invocation has been completed (i.e it can be safely executed concurrently). To be reentrant, a computer program or routine: Must hold no static (or global) non-constant data. Must not return the address to static (or global) non-constant data. Must work only on the data provided to it by the caller. Must not rely on locks to singleton resources. Must not modify its own code (unless executing in its own unique thread storage) Must not call non-reentrant computer programs or routines. How is safely defined? If a program can be safely executed concurrently, does it always mean that it is reentrant? What exactly is the common thread between the six points mentioned that I should keep in mind while checking my code for reentrant capabilities? Also, Are all recursive functions reentrant? Are all thread-safe functions reentrant? Are all recursive and thread-safe functions reentrant? While writing this question, one thing comes to mind: Are the terms like reentrance and thread safety absolute at all i.e. do they have fixed concrete definations? For, if they are not, this question is not very meaningful. Thanks!

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  • Where should I initialize variables for an OO Recursive Descent Parse Tree?

    - by Vasto
    I'd like to preface this by stating that this is for a class, so please don't solve this for me. One of my labs for my cse class is creating an interpreter for a BNF that was provided. I understand most of the concepts, but I'm trying to build up my tree and I'm unsure where to initialize values. I've tried in both the constructor, and in the methods but Eclipse's debugger still only shows the left branch, even though it runs through completely. Here is my main procedure so you can get an idea of how I'm calling the methods. public class Parser { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { FileTokenizer instance = FileTokenizer.Instance(); FileTokenizer.main(args); Prog prog = new Prog(); prog.ParseProg(); prog.PrintProg(); prog.ExecProg(); } Now here is My Prog class: public class Prog { private DeclSeq ds; private StmtSeq ss; Prog() { ds = new DeclSeq(); ss = new StmtSeq(); } public void ParseProg() { FileTokenizer instance = FileTokenizer.Instance(); instance.skipToken(); //Skips program (1) // ds = new DeclSeq(); ds.ParseDS(); instance.skipToken(); //Skips begin (2) // ss = new StmtSeq(); ss.ParseSS(); instance.skipToken(); } I've tried having Prog() { ds = null; ss = null; } public void ParseProg() { FileTokenizer instance = FileTokenizer.Instance(); instance.skipToken(); //Skips program (1) ds = new DeclSeq(); ds.ParseDS(); ... But it gave me the same error. I need the parse tree built up so I can do a pretty print and an execute command, but like I said, I only get the left branch. Any help would be appreciated. Explanations why are even more so appreciated. Thank you, Vasto

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  • Recursive COUNT Query (SQL Server)

    - by Cosmo
    Hello Guys! I've two MS SQL tables: Category, Question. Each Question is assigned to exactly one Category. One Category may have many subcategories. Category Id : bigint (PK) Name : nvarchar(255) AcceptQuestions : bit IdParent : bigint (FK) Question Id : bigint (PK) Title : nvarchar(255) ... IdCategory : bigint (FK) How do I recursively count all Questions for a given Category (including questions in subcategories). I've tried it already based on several tutorials but still can't figure it out :(

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  • Segmentation fault in C recursive Combination (nCr)

    - by AruniRC
    PLease help me out here. The program is supposed to recursively find out the combination of two numbers. nCr = n!/ (r!(n-r)! ). I'm getting this error message when i compile it on GCC. Here's what the terminal shows: Enter two numbers: 8 4 Segmentation fault (Program exited with code:139) The code is given here: #include<stdio.h> float nCr(float, float, float); int main() { float a, b, c; printf("Enter two numbers: \n"); scanf("%f%f", &a, &b); c = nCr(a, b, a-b); printf("\n%.3f", c); return 0; } float nCr(float n, float r, float p) { if(n<1) return (1/(p*r))*(nCr(1, r-1, p-1)); if(r<1) return (n/(p*1))*(nCr(n-1, 1, p-1)); if(p<1) return (n/r)*(nCr(n-1, r-1, 1)); return ( n/(p*r) )*nCr(n-1, r-1, p-1); }

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  • Using recustion an append in prolog

    - by Adrian
    Lets say that I would like to construct a list (L2) by appending elements of another list (L) one by one. The result should be exactly the same as the input. This task is silly, but it'll help me understand how to recurse through a list and remove certain elements. I have put together the following code: create(L, L2) :- (\+ (L == []) -> L=[H|T], append([H], create(T, L2), L2);[]). calling it by create([1,2,3,4], L2) returns L2 = [1|create([2,3,4], **)\. which is not a desired result.

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  • How do I output the preorder traversal of a tree given the inorder and postorder tranversal?

    - by user342580
    Given the code for outputing the postorder traversal of a tree when I have the preorder and the inorder traversal in an interger array. How do I similarily get the preorder with the inorder and postorder array given? void postorder( int preorder[], int prestart, int inorder[], int inostart, int length) { if(length==0) return; //terminating condition int i; for(i=inostart; i<inostart+length; i++) if(preorder[prestart]==inorder[i])//break when found root in inorder array break; postorder(preorder, prestart+1, inorder, inostart, i-inostart); postorder(preorder, prestart+i-inostart+1, inorder, i+1, length-i+inostart-1); cout<<preorder[prestart]<<" "; } Here is the prototype for preorder() void preorder( int inorderorder[], int inostart, int postorder[], int poststart, int length)

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  • Scala: Recursively building all pathes in a graph?

    - by DarqMoth
    Trying to build all existing paths for an udirected graph defined as a map of edges using the following algorithm: Start: with a given vertice A Find an edge (X.A, X.B) or (X.B, X.A), add this edge to path Find all edges Ys fpr which either (Y.C, Y.B) or (Y.B, Y.C) is true For each Ys: A=B, goto Start Providing edges are defined as the following map, where keys are tuples consisting of two vertices: val edges = Map( ("n1", "n2") -> "n1n2", ("n1", "n3") -> "n1n3", ("n3", "n4") -> "n3n4", ("n5", "n1") -> "n5n1", ("n5", "n4") -> "n5n4") As an output I need to get a list of ALL pathes where each path is a list of adjecent edges like this: val allPaths = List( List(("n1", "n2") -> "n1n2"), List(("n1", "n3") -> "n1n3", ("n3", "n4") -> "n3n4"), List(("n5", "n1") -> "n5n1"), List(("n5", "n4") -> "n5n4"), List(("n2", "n1") -> "n1n2", ("n1", "n3") -> "n1n3", ("n3", "n4") -> "n3n4", ("n5", "n4") -> "n5n4")) //... //... more pathes to go } Note: Edge XY = (x,y) - "xy" and YX = (y,x) - "yx" exist as one instance only, either as XY or YX So far I have managed to implement code that duplicates edges in the path, which is wrong and I can not find the error: object Graph2 { type Vertice = String type Edge = ((String, String), String) type Path = List[((String, String), String)] val edges = Map( //(("v1", "v2") , "v1v2"), (("v1", "v3") , "v1v3"), (("v3", "v4") , "v3v4") //(("v5", "v1") , "v5v1"), //(("v5", "v4") , "v5v4") ) def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = { val processedVerticies: Map[Vertice, Vertice] = Map() val processedEdges: Map[(Vertice, Vertice), (Vertice, Vertice)] = Map() val path: Path = List() println(buildPath(path, "v1", processedVerticies, processedEdges)) } /** * Builds path from connected by edges vertices starting from given vertice * Input: map of edges * Output: list of connected edges like: List(("n1", "n2") -> "n1n2"), List(("n1", "n3") -> "n1n3", ("n3", "n4") -> "n3n4"), List(("n5", "n1") -> "n5n1"), List(("n5", "n4") -> "n5n4"), List(("n2", "n1") -> "n1n2", ("n1", "n3") -> "n1n3", ("n3", "n4") -> "n3n4", ("n5", "n4") -> "n5n4")) */ def buildPath(path: Path, vertice: Vertice, processedVerticies: Map[Vertice, Vertice], processedEdges: Map[(Vertice, Vertice), (Vertice, Vertice)]): List[Path] = { println("V: " + vertice + " VM: " + processedVerticies + " EM: " + processedEdges) if (!processedVerticies.contains(vertice)) { val edges = children(vertice) println("Edges: " + edges) val x = edges.map(edge => { if (!processedEdges.contains(edge._1)) { addToPath(vertice, processedVerticies.++(Map(vertice -> vertice)), processedEdges, path, edge) } else { println("ALready have edge: "+edge+" Return path:"+path) path } }) val y = x.toList y } else { List(path) } } def addToPath( vertice: Vertice, processedVerticies: Map[Vertice, Vertice], processedEdges: Map[(Vertice, Vertice), (Vertice, Vertice)], path: Path, edge: Edge): Path = { val newPath: Path = path ::: List(edge) val key = edge._1 val nextVertice = neighbor(vertice, key) val x = buildPath (newPath, nextVertice, processedVerticies, processedEdges ++ (Map((vertice, nextVertice) -> (vertice, nextVertice))) ).flatten // need define buidPath type x } def children(vertice: Vertice) = { edges.filter(p => (p._1)._1 == vertice || (p._1)._2 == vertice) } def containsPair(x: (Vertice, Vertice), m: Map[(Vertice, Vertice), (Vertice, Vertice)]): Boolean = { m.contains((x._1, x._2)) || m.contains((x._2, x._1)) } def neighbor(vertice: String, key: (String, String)): String = key match { case (`vertice`, x) => x case (x, `vertice`) => x } } Running this results in: List(List(((v1,v3),v1v3), ((v1,v3),v1v3), ((v3,v4),v3v4))) Why is that?

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  • Recursive COUNT Query (MS SQL)

    - by Cosmo
    Hello Guys! I've two MS SQL tables: Category, Question. Each Question is assigned to exactly one Category. One Category may have many subcategories. Category Id : bigint (PK) Name : nvarchar(255) AcceptQuestions : bit IdParent : bigint (FK) Question Id : bigint (PK) Title : nvarchar(255) ... IdCategory : bigint (FK) How do I recursively count all Questions for a given Category (including questions in subcategories). I've tried it already based on several tutorials but still can't figure it out :(

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  • Make function non-recursive

    - by user69514
    I'm not sure how to make this function non-recursive. Any ideas?: void foo(int a, int b){ while( a < len && arr[a][b] != -1){ if(++a == len){ a = 0; b++; } } if( a == len){ size++; return; } if( a < (len-1)){ arr[a][b] = 1; arr[a][(b+1)] = 1; foo(a, b); arr[a][b] = -1; arr[a][(b+1)] = -1; } if( a < (len-1) && arr[(a+1)][b] == -1){ arr[a][b] = 0; arr[(a+1)][b] = 0; foo(a,b); arr[a][b] = -1; arr[(a+1)][b] = -1; } }

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  • Adding some delay in an recursive loop and breaking out of it on mouseover

    - by Moak
    I have created a loop function loopThem(){ $$('#main-nav a').each(function(i, n) { i.up("#main-nav").down("li.active").removeClassName("active"); i.up("li").addClassName("active"); var target = i.readAttribute("href"); i.up(".home-top").down("li.visible").removeClassName("visible"); i.up(".home-top").down(target).addClassName("visible"); }); loopThem(); } This function is called when the dom is loaded document.observe("dom:loaded", function() { loopThem(); }); It does what I want as far as rotating through a set of banners, however it does so at light speed How Can I A add a delay between the changing? B stop the loop from continuing once I mouse over?

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  • arbitrary vire connection / search and replace

    - by fatai
    input :["vire_connection",[1, 2, [ 3, [ 4, "connect"]]], ["connect", [3 , 5] ] ] output:["vire_connection",[ 1, 2, [ 3, [ 4, [ 3, 5 ] ] ] ] ], [ [ 3 , 5] ] ] after connection ( simply copying [3,5] to other wanted position ) , remove connect word input :["vire_connection", [ [ [ ["connect", [ 3, 4 ] ] ] ] ], [ 2, "connect"]] output :["vire_connection",[[[[[3,4]]]]], [ 2, [ 3 , 4 ]]] after connection ( simply copying [3,4] to other wanted position ) , remove connect word how can I do ?

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  • How do I remove the leaves of a binary tree?

    - by flopex
    I'm trying to remove all of the leaves. I know that leaves have no children, this is what I have so far. public void removeLeaves(BinaryTree n){ if (n.left == null && n.right == null){ n = null; } if (n.left != null) removeLeaves(n.left); if (n.right != null) removeLeaves(n.right); }

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  • trie reg exp parse step over char and continue

    - by forest.peterson
    Setup: 1) a string trie database formed from linked nodes and a vector array linking to the next node terminating in a leaf, 2) a recursive regular expression function that if A) char '*' continues down all paths until string length limit is reached, then continues down remaining string paths if valid, and B) char '?' continues down all paths for 1 char and then continues down remaining string paths if valid. 3) after reg expression the candidate strings are measured for edit distance against the 'try' string. Problem: the reg expression works fine for adding chars or swapping ? for a char but if the remaining string has an error then there is not a valid path to a terminating leaf; making the matching function redundant. I tried adding a 'step-over' ? char if the end of the node vector was reached and then followed every path of that node - allowing this step-over only once; resulted in a memory exception; I cannot find logically why it is accessing the vector out of range - bactracking? Questions: 1) how can the regular expression step over an invalid char and continue with the path? 2) why is swapping the 'sticking' char for '?' resulting in an overflow? Function: void Ontology::matchRegExpHelper(nodeT *w, string inWild, Set<string> &matchSet, string out, int level, int pos, int stepover) { if (inWild=="") { matchSet.add(out); } else { if (w->alpha.size() == pos) { int testLength = out.length() + inWild.length(); if (stepover == 0 && matchSet.size() == 0 && out.length() > 8 && testLength == tokenLength) {//candidate generator inWild[0] = '?'; matchRegExpHelper(w, inWild, matchSet, out, level, 0, stepover+1); } else return; //giveup on this path } if (inWild[0] == '?' || (inWild[0] == '*' && (out.length() + inWild.length() ) == level ) ) { //wild matchRegExpHelper(w->alpha[pos].next, inWild.substr(1), matchSet, out+w->alpha[pos].letter, level, 0, stepover);//follow path -> if ontology is full, treat '*' like a '?' } else if (inWild[0] == '*') matchRegExpHelper(w->alpha[pos].next, '*'+inWild.substr(1), matchSet, out+w->alpha[pos].letter, level, 0, stepover); //keep adding chars if (inWild[0] == w->alpha[pos].letter) //follow self matchRegExpHelper(w->alpha[pos].next, inWild.substr(1), matchSet, out+w->alpha[pos].letter, level, 0, stepover); //follow char matchRegExpHelper(w, inWild, matchSet, out, level, pos+1, stepover);//check next path } } Error Message: +str "Attempt to access index 1 in a vector of size 1." std::basic_string<char,std::char_traits<char>,std::allocator<char> > +err {msg="Attempt to access index 1 in a vector of size 1." } ErrorException Note: this function works fine for hundreds of test strings with '*' wilds if the extra stepover gate is not used Semi-Solved: I place a pos < w->alpha.size() condition on each path that calls w->alpha[pos]... - this prevented the backtrack calls from attempting to access the vector with an out of bounds index value. Still have other issues to work out - it loops infinitely adding the ? and backtracking to remove it, then repeat. But, moving forward now. Revised question: why during backtracking is the position index accumulating and/or not deincrementing - so at somepoint it calls w->alpha[pos]... with an invalid position that is either remaining from the next node or somehow incremented pos+1 when passing upward?

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  • make tree in scheme

    - by ???
    (define (entry tree) (car tree)) (define (left-branch tree) (cadr tree)) (define (right-branch tree) (caddr tree)) (define (make-tree entry left right) (list entry left right)) (define (mktree order items_list) (cond ((= (length items_list) 1) (make-tree (car items_list) '() '())) (else (insert2 order (car items_list) (mktree order (cdr items_list)))))) (define (insert2 order x t) (cond ((null? t) (make-tree x '() '())) ((order x (entry t)) (make-tree (entry t) (insert2 order x (left-branch t)) (right-branch t))) ((order (entry t) x ) (make-tree (entry t) (left-branch t) (insert2 order x (right-branch t)))) (else t))) The result is: (mktree (lambda (x y) (< x y)) (list 7 3 5 1 9 11)) (11 (9 (1 () (5 (3 () ()) (7 () ()))) ()) ()) But I'm trying to get: (7 (3 (1 () ()) (5 () ())) (9 () (11 () ()))) Where is the problem?

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  • How can I recursively read out directories in Perl?

    - by Przemek
    Hi, I want to read out a directory recursively to print the data-structure in an HTML-Page with Template::Toolkit. But I'm hanging in how to save the Paths and Files in a form that can be read our easy. My idea started like this sub list_dirs{ my ($rootPath) = @_; my (@paths); $rootPath .= '/' if($rootPath !~ /\/$/); for my $eachFile (glob($path.'*')) { if(-d $eachFile) { push (@paths, $eachFile); $paths[$i] = &list_dirs($eachFile); } else { push (@files, $eachFile); } } return @paths; } How could I solve this problem?

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  • Best Functional Approach

    - by dbyrne
    I have some mutable scala code that I am trying to rewrite in a more functional style. It is a fairly intricate piece of code, so I am trying to refactor it in pieces. My first thought was this: def iterate(count:Int,d:MyComplexType) = { //Generate next value n //Process n causing some side effects return iterate(count - 1, n) } This didn't seem functional at all to me, since I still have side effects mixed throughout my code. My second thought was this: def generateStream(d:MyComplexType):Stream[MyComplexType] = { //Generate next value n return Stream.cons(n, generateStream(n)) } for (n <- generateStream(initialValue).take(2000000)) { //process n causing some side effects } This seemed like a better solution to me, because at least I've isolated my functional value-generation code from the mutable value-processing code. However, this is much less memory efficient because I am generating a large list that I don't really need to store. This leaves me with 3 choices: Write a tail-recursive function, bite the bullet and refactor the value-processing code Use a lazy list. This is not a memory sensitive app (although it is performance sensitive) Come up with a new approach. I guess what I really want is a lazily evaluated sequence where I can discard the values after I've processed them. Any suggestions?

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  • Can someone help with big O notation?

    - by Dann
    void printScientificNotation(double value, int powerOfTen) { if (value >= 1.0 && value < 10.0) { System.out.println(value + " x 10^" + powerOfTen); } else if (value < 1.0) { printScientificNotation(value * 10, powerOfTen - 1); } else // value >= 10.0 { printScientificNotation(value / 10, powerOfTen + 1); } } I understand how the method goes but I cannot figure out a way to represent the method. For example, if value was 0.00000009 or 9e-8, the method will call on printScientificNotation(value * 10, powerOfTen - 1); eight times and System.out.println(value + " x 10^" + powerOfTen); once. So the it is called recursively by the exponent for e. But how do I represent this by big O notation? Thanks!

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  • What is the most efficient way to list all of the files in a directory (including sub-directories)?

    - by prometheus
    I am writing a servlet which will examine a directory on the server (external to the web container), and recursively search for certain files (by certain files, I mean files that are of a certain extension as well as a certain naming convention). Once these files are found, the servlet responds with a long list of all of the found files (including the full path to the files). My problem is that there are so many files and directories that my servlet goes extremely slow. I was wondering if there was a best practice or existing servlet for this type of problem? Would it be more efficient to simply compile the entire list of files and do the filtering via js/jquery on the client side?

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  • PHP Recursive Function

    - by Tempname
    In my database I have a hierarchical flat table that returns data ordered by ParentID, ObjectID asc I am having a bit of an issue getting this recursive function to work properly. I get the first ParentChildChild but after that I get nothing else. Any help with this is greatly appreciated. Here is my testing code: $objectArr = array(); $objectData = DAOFactory::getTemplateObjectsDAO()->queryByTemplateID(1); for($i = 0; $i < count($objectData); $i++) { if(empty($objectData[$i]->parentID)) { echo $objectData[$i]->objectID; $objectArr[$i] = $objectData[$i]; $objectArr[$i]->children = array(); $objectArr[$i]->children = getChildren($objectData[$i]->objectID, $objectData); } } function getChildren($objectID, $data) { $childArr = array(); foreach($data as $object) { if($object->parentID == $objectID) { $childArr = $object; $childArr->children = array(); $childArr->children = getChildren($object->objectID, $data); } } return $childArr; } new dBug($objectData); This is the output that I am getting: Fullsize Link

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  • Javascript recursive data structure definition

    - by Matt Bierner
    I need to define a data structure recursively in Javascript. Here is a simple example of a circular linked list: // List a very simplified example of what the actual (non list) code does. function List(f, r) { return function(){ return [f, r]; }; } var head = List('a', List('b', List('c', head))); When this is executed, head in List 'c' is resolved to undefined, not List 'a' as I need. List is an example function that returns a function (It is not an Javascript list that I can append to). I tried to wrap the definition of head is a self executing named function, but that blew the stack when head was resolved. What is the Javascript style solution that I am overlooking?

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  • Deleting a node in a family tree

    - by user559142
    Hi, I'm trying to calclulate the best way to delete a node in a family tree. First, a little description of how the app works. My app makes the following assumption: Any node can only have one partner. That means that any child a single node has, it will also be the partner nodes child too. Therefore, step relations, divorces etc aren't compensated for. A node always has two parents - A mother and father cannot be added seperately. If the user doesn't know the details - the nodes attributes are set to a default value. Also any node can add parents, siblings, children to itself. Therefore in law relationships can be added. I have the following classes: FamilyMember String fName; String lName; String dob; String gender; FamilyMember mother, father, partner; ArrayListchildren; int index; int generation; void linkParents(); void linkPartner(); void addChild(); //gets & sets for fields Family ArrayListfamily; void addMember(); void removeMember(); FamilyMember getFamilyMember(index); ArrayListgetFamilyMembers(); FamilyTree Family family; void removeMember(); //need help void displayFamilyMembers(); void addFamilyMember(); void enterDetails(); void displayAncestors(); void displayDescendants(); void printDescendants(); FamilyMember findRootNode(); void sortGenerations(); void getRootGeneration(); I am having trouble with identifying the logic for removing a member. All other functions work fine. Has anyone developed a family tree app before who knows how to deal with removing various different nodes in the family "tree"? e.g. removing a leaf removing a leaf with partner (what if partner has parents etc) removing a parent It seems to be another recursive property but my head is swelling from over thought.

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  • Why does s ++ t not lead to a stack overflow for large s?

    - by martingw
    I'm wondering why Prelude> head $ reverse $ [1..10000000] ++ [99] 99 does not lead to a stack overflow error. The ++ in the prelude seems straight forward and non-tail-recursive: (++) :: [a] -> [a] -> [a] (++) [] ys = ys (++) (x:xs) ys = x : xs ++ ys So just with this, it should run into a stack overflow, right? So I figure it probably has something to do with the ghc magic that follows the definition of ++: {-# RULES "++" [~1] forall xs ys. xs ++ ys = augment (\c n -> foldr c n xs) ys #-} Is that what helps avoiding the stack overflow? Could someone provide some hint for what's going on in this piece of code?

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