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• What does this TCP Packet mean ?

  - by asksuperuser

  I'm total newbie at tcp/ip and I was experimenting with Wireshark. What this mean: 1824 578.194204 xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx yyy.yyy.yyy.yyy UDP Source port: 17500 Destination port: 17500 In data I can see that my user pc name is sent (happily it's a generic name): does this mean someone is trying to hack my pc ?

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• Kernel Log "TCP: Treason uncloaked!"

  - by hurikhan77

  On one linux server (Gentoo hardened), we are experiencing bursts of the following messages in dmesg from time to time: TCP: Treason uncloaked! Peer xx.xx.xxx.xxx:65039/80 shrinks window 4094157295:4094160199. Repaired. Is there anything we should take care of or is this normal? Update: Maybe related, we are using net.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control = cubic. Kernel version is 2.6.28 with Gentoo hardening patches.

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• Setting Up a Virtual Sound Device To Stream Output via TCP/IP

  - by Martindale

  I'm interested in installing a custom driver / device that will open a socket (or listen) and stream audio via TCP/IP in both Windows and Linux. I would like to be able to specify this device as my "Output" for specific applications so that I can route my audio through a completely unique machine (for example, in complex Synergy setups where my headphones might be connected to one machine, but audio is being generated by another.) In Linux, I expect this to be very easy, but I anticipate having to install a custom driver in Windows.

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• TCP: Treason uncloaked!

  - by hurikhan77

  On one linux server (Gentoo hardened), we are experiencing bursts of the following messages in dmesg from time to time: TCP: Treason uncloaked! Peer xx.xx.xxx.xxx:65039/80 shrinks window 4094157295:4094160199. Repaired. Is there anything we should take care of or is this normal?

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• Cisco 837 not passing UDP traffic properly (was: DNS query problem)

  - by TessellatingHeckler

  We have a setup of ADSL line - Cisco 837 ADSL router - Zyxel ZyWall 35 firewall/NAT - Switch - LAN. It has been fine for years, suddenly DNS resolution stopped working from the LAN to public DNS servers. No changes that I know of, so I can't revert anything. Current behaviour: DNS requests from the LAN using TCP show up in the oubound firewall log, in the Cisco debug log, in the dns-server-firewall, in tcpdump on the DNS server, the answer comes back, it works fine. DNS requests from the LAN using UDP show up in the outbound firewall log, in the Cisco debug log, but does NOT show in the dns-server-firewall, not in tcpdump on the DNS server, times out. DNS requests from the Cisco using UDP show up in the dns-server-firewall and in tcpdump on the DNS server, answer received, works fine. netcat connections to port 53 or a random port by TCP show up in the dns-server-firewall netcat connections to port 53 or a random port by UDP do not show up in the dns-server-firewall Summary: TCP seems fine throughought. UDP works from the Cisco over the ADSL, and it works from the LAN to the Cisco, but it doesn't seem to cross the Cisco 837 properly. Update: confirmed with netcat that any UDP traffic from the LAN is affected, not just traffic to port 53. Update: If I change the firewall's external IP to any other IP in the subnet, this starts working. When I put it back, it stops working. I now suspect it's an ISP issue (does that sound plausible?), and am removing the Cisco config.

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• Slow transfer speed between two servers

  - by Linux Guy

  I have two servers both network cards speed is 10Gbps The inbound bandwidth between two servers is 10Gbps , the outbound bandwidth internet bandwidth is 500Mpbs Both servers using public ip addresses in public and private network Both servers transfer and connection on nginx port , and the server B used for streaming media , like youtube stream videos I check the transfer speed using iperf utility From Server A to Server B # iperf -c 0.0.0.1 -p 8777 ------------------------------------------------------------ Client connecting to 0.0.0.1, TCP port 8777 TCP window size: 85.3 KByte (default) ------------------------------------------------------------ [ 3] local 0.0.0.0 port 38895 connected with 0.0.0.1 port 8777 [ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth [ 3] 0.0-10.8 sec 528 KBytes 399 Kbits/sec My Current Connections in Server B # netstat -an|grep ":8777"|awk '/tcp/ {print $6}'|sort -nr| uniq -c 2072 TIME_WAIT 28 SYN_RECV 1 LISTEN 189 LAST_ACK 139 FIN_WAIT2 373 FIN_WAIT1 3381 ESTABLISHED 34 CLOSING Server A Network Card Information Settings for eth0: Supported ports: [ TP ] Supported link modes: 100baseT/Full 1000baseT/Full 10000baseT/Full Supported pause frame use: No Supports auto-negotiation: Yes Advertised link modes: 10000baseT/Full Advertised pause frame use: No Advertised auto-negotiation: Yes Speed: 10000Mb/s Duplex: Full Port: Twisted Pair PHYAD: 0 Transceiver: external Auto-negotiation: on MDI-X: Unknown Supports Wake-on: d Wake-on: d Current message level: 0x00000007 (7) drv probe link Link detected: yes Server B Network Card Information Settings for eth2: Supported ports: [ FIBRE ] Supported link modes: 10000baseT/Full Supported pause frame use: No Supports auto-negotiation: No Advertised link modes: 10000baseT/Full Advertised pause frame use: No Advertised auto-negotiation: No Speed: 10000Mb/s Duplex: Full Port: Direct Attach Copper PHYAD: 0 Transceiver: external Auto-negotiation: off Supports Wake-on: d Wake-on: d Current message level: 0x00000007 (7) drv probe link Link detected: yes The problem is : as you can see from iperf utility, the transfer speed from server A to server B slow when i restart network service the connection will be ok , after 2 minutes , it's getting slow How could i troubleshoot slow speed issue and fix it in server B ? Notice : if there any other commands i should execute in servers for more information, so it might help resolve the problem , let me know in comments

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• what are valid 'ack' values?

  - by WileECanisLatrans

  having an issue with a vendor who claims the cause of a problem is an invalid 'ack' value in the tcp data. I'm using java so I didn't write this layer. I used snoop to capture the traffic on the wire and am using wireshark to display the data. Here is what is happening. After receiving a multi-packet(5) message I see a multi-pack(3) response. The first packet in the response has a value for 'ack' that is different than the 'ack' value in the other two packets. The vendor claims this data is suspect. I've provided sample data below. I'm not a tcp expert so I don't know if this is a problem or not. I've tried to find something on valid ack values and it seems to me the value should be 80018 but that doesn't mean the 78345 is wrong. I found this on the web and it seems to apply but I'm not sure: "the ack value of any data segment is considered valid as long as it does not acknowledge data ahead of the next segment to send". Thanks for your help. My understanding is the vendor has written their own tcp layer. * source seq ack len * vendor 75465 10924 0 * vendor 75465 10924 1440 * vendor 76905 10924 1440 * vendor 78345 10924 1440 * vendor 79785 10924 233 * me 10924 78345 0 * me 10924 80018 0 * me 10924 80018 197

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• I can't connect to mysql on a remote server

  - by eisaacson

  I'm trying to connect from an Ubuntu server to a RHEL6 server using mysql. I've tried telneting into the server as well as trying to connect with mysql. I've tried commenting out the bind-address but didn't have any success with that either. I don't get an error code or anything with telnet. It just fails after a minute or so. With mysql, I get this error code ERROR 2003 (HY000): Can't connect to MySQL server on 'SERVER_IP' (111). "SERVER_IP" is of course a placeholder where actual error gives that actual IP. I've included my my.cnf as well as well as my iptables from the destination server. On Destination Server... my.cnf: [mysqld] bind-address=0.0.0.0 tmp_table_size=512M max_heap_table_size=512M sort_buffer_size=32M read_buffer_size=128K read_rnd_buffer_size=256K table_cache=2048 key_buffer_size=512M thread_cache_size=50 query_cache_type=1 query_cache_size=256M query_cache_limit=24M #query_alloc_block_size=128 #query_cache_min_res_unit=128 innodb_log_buffer_size=16M innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=2 innodb_file_per_table innodb_log_files_in_group=2 innodb_buffer_pool_size=32G innodb_log_file_size=512M innodb_additional_mem_pool_size=20M join_buffer_size=128K max_allowed_packet=100M max_connections=256 wait_timeout=28800 interactive_timeout=3600 # modify isolation method for faster inserting. # Do not uncomment the line below unless you understand what this does. # transaction-isolation = READ-COMMITTED # do not reverse lookup clients skip-name-resolve #long_query_time=6 #log_slow_queries=/var/log/mysqld-slow.log #log_queries_not_using_indexes=On #log_slow_admin_statements=On datadir=/var/lib/mysql socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock user=mysql # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links=0 #Added by Magento ECG long_query_time=1 slow_query_log [mysqld_safe] log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid iptables: :INPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0] -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 225 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp -i eth1 --dport 11211 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited -A FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited COMMIT sudo netstat -ntpl Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN - tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:11211 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN - tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:2123 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN - tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:1581 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN - tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN - tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN - tcp 0 0 :::11211 :::* LISTEN - tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN - tcp 0 0 :::225 :::* LISTEN -

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• WCF, net.tcp, and ASP.NET development server

  - by bryanjonker

  I'm setting up a net.tcp WCF service using instructions here: http://blogs.msdn.com/swiss_dpe_team/archive/2008/02/08/iis-7-support-for-non-http-protocols.aspx One of the steps says to do the following: "If you open the IIS7 management console and you look at the advance setting of our IIS7HostedService Web Application, you will see that in the Enabled Protocols section just http is defined. You now have to add net.tcp (separated by a comma), so that our service will be able to respond also to TCP requests." This is fine, but what if I want to use the Cassini / VS2010 ASP.NET development server to debug (hitting F5 or cntrl-F5)? I don't think there's a way to change the settings in that IIS. Or is there? Are other programmers just so awesome that they don't need to go through the debugger? Or do they use wsHttpBinding?

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• Why GPRS modem provides embedded TCP/IP stack

  - by Christian Madsen

  My colleague and I are mining the GPRS MODEM market for a module suitable for use with embedded Linux. During the market scan, we see that several vendors highlight that their MODEMs include an embedded TCP/IP stack. This makes me wonder: when we are using embedded Linux which already contains a TCP/IP stack and connects using PPP, will it make use of the stack included in the GPRS MODEM at all? My current assumption is that the stack is included for use with tiny microcontroller OS that do not supply their own stack. Also some of the MODEMs allow for running small applications IN the MODEM baseband processor which could explain the embedded stack... So: is the TCP/IP stack supplied by the GPRS MODEM superfluous when using it with an HL OS or did I overlook something?

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• Connecting to tcp server from client running in android device

  - by Andhravaala

  Hi, I am trying to connect to a standalone desktop tcp server(java) from tcp client application in android device. But I am not able to connect to that. I tried to write a desktop tcp client and tried to connect to server(remote server). It is working fine. But When I am trying to connecting from android, I am getting a IOException while creating Socket instance. Can anyone help me in this ? Thanks in advance....

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• TCP Server to push data to a Web Browser

  - by isurulucky

  Hi, I have a TCP server, which is connected to a web page via a Web browser. It is easy to send a request to the TCP server by the web page via the Web Browser, but is there a way that TCP server can push data to the web browser, without waiting for a request from browser side?? My initial idea was that this is impossible, since a browser is stateless. But I was told there are ways to do that... Any ideas? Thank You!!

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• How Proxy server works with tcp/http connections?

  - by Vivek

  Since I am a beginner in the world of internet/networking, I always mess up with these kinds of doubts in my head while programming ;) .. My doubts are, While working behind a proxy, how my requests and responses work? Means my request headers and data will first reach to Proxy server- then proxy server sends it(same headers and data) to corresponding server. And server responses to it with a response header and body to the proxy server-then proxy server sends it to my computer. Wright? While using websockets we are upgrading our http connection to tcp. At this time what is happening @ Proxy server? Does the proxyserver also upgrades its connection to plain TCP? After opening such TCP connections, does the proxy server able to track/log those socket messsages? And most importantly, Is the proxy server transparent or acting like an original server infront of a client? Thanks for any answers or helpful links in advance.

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• Cannot connect to MySQL over TCP locally - Connection Timeout - Ubuntu 9.04

  - by gav

  I am running Ubuntu and am ultimately trying to connect Tomcat to my MySQL database using JDBC. It has worked previously but after a reboot the instance now fails to connect. Both Tomcat 6 and MySQL 5.0.75 are on the same machine Connection string: jdbc:mysql:///localhost:3306 I can connect to MySQL on the command line using the mysql command The my.cnf file is pretty standard (Available on request) has bind address: 127.0.0.1 I cannot Telnet to the MySQL port despite netstat saying MySQL is listening I have one IpTables rule to forward 80 - 8080 and no firewall I'm aware of. I'm pretty new to this and I'm not sure what else to test. I don't know whether I should be looking in etc/interfaces and if I did what to look for. It's weird because it used to work but after a reboot it's down so I must have changed something.... :). I realise a timeout indicates the server is not responding and I assume it's because the request isn't actually getting through. I installed MySQL via apt-get and Tomcat manually. MySqld processes root@88:/var/log/mysql# ps -ef | grep mysqld root 21753 1 0 May27 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe mysql 21792 21753 0 May27 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --user=mysql --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --skip-external-locking --port=3306 --socket=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock root 21793 21753 0 May27 ? 00:00:00 logger -p daemon.err -t mysqld_safe -i -t mysqld root 21888 13676 0 11:23 pts/1 00:00:00 grep mysqld Netstat root@88:/var/log/mysql# netstat -lnp | grep mysql tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 21792/mysqld unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 1926205077 21792/mysqld /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock Toy Connection Class root@88:~# cat TestConnect/TestConnection.java import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.DriverManager; import java.sql.SQLException; public class TestConnection { public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception { Connection con = null; try { Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver").newInstance(); System.out.println("Got driver"); con = DriverManager.getConnection( "jdbc:mysql:///localhost:3306", "uname", "pass"); System.out.println("Got connection"); if(!con.isClosed()) System.out.println("Successfully connected to " + "MySQL server using TCP/IP..."); } finally { if(con != null) con.close(); } } } Toy Connection Class Output Note: This is the same error I get from Tomcat. root@88:~/TestConnect# java -cp mysql-connector-java-5.1.12-bin.jar:. TestConnection Got driver Exception in thread "main" com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.CommunicationsException: Communications link failure The last packet sent successfully to the server was 1 milliseconds ago. The driver has not received any packets from the server. at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:27) at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:513) at com.mysql.jdbc.Util.handleNewInstance(Util.java:409) at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createCommunicationsException(SQLError.java:1122) at TestConnection.main(TestConnection.java:14) Caused by: com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.CommunicationsException: Communications link failure The last packet sent successfully to the server was 0 milliseconds ago. The driver has not received any packets from the server. at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:27) at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:513) at com.mysql.jdbc.Util.handleNewInstance(Util.java:409) at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createCommunicationsException(SQLError.java:1122) at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.<init>(MysqlIO.java:344) at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.createNewIO(ConnectionImpl.java:2181) ... 12 more Caused by: java.net.ConnectException: Connection timed out at java.net.PlainSocketImpl.socketConnect(Native Method) ... 13 more Telnet Output root@88:~/TestConnect# telnet localhost 3306 Trying 127.0.0.1... telnet: Unable to connect to remote host: Connection timed out

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• Cannot connect to MySQL Server on RHEL 5.7

  - by Jeffrey Wong

  I have a standard MySQL Server running on Red hat 5.7. I have edited /etc/my.cnf to specify the bind address as my server's public IP address. [mysqld] datadir=/var/lib/mysql socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock user=mysql # Default to using old password format for compatibility with mysql 3.x # clients (those using the mysqlclient10 compatibility package). old_passwords=1 # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks ; # to do so, uncomment this line: # symbolic-links=0 [mysqld_safe] log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid bind-address=171.67.88.25 port=3306 And I have also restarted my firewall sudo /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp --destination-port 3306 -j ACCEPT /sbin/service iptables save The network administrator has already opened port 3306 for this box. When connecting from a remote computer (running Ubuntu 10.10, server is running RHEL 5.7), I issue mysql -u jeffrey -p --host=171.67.88.25 --port=3306 --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock but receive a ERROR 2003 (HY000): Can't connect to MySQL server on '171.67.88.25' (113). I've noticed that the socket file /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock is blank. Should this be the case? UPDATE The result of netstat -an | grep 3306 tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN Result of sudo netstat -tulpen Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State User Inode PID/Program name tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:2208 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 7602 3168/hpiod tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 27 7827 3298/mysqld tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 5110 2802/portmap tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:8787 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 8431 3326/rserver tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:915 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 5312 2853/rpc.statd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 7655 3188/sshd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 7688 3199/cupsd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 8025 3362/sendmail: acce tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:2207 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 7620 3173/python udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:909 0.0.0.0:* 0 5300 2853/rpc.statd udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:912 0.0.0.0:* 0 5309 2853/rpc.statd udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:68 0.0.0.0:* 0 4800 2598/dhclient udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:36177 0.0.0.0:* 70 8314 3476/avahi-daemon: udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5353 0.0.0.0:* 70 8313 3476/avahi-daemon: udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* 0 5109 2802/portmap udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:631 0.0.0.0:* 0 7691 3199/cupsd Result of sudo /sbin/iptables -L -v -n Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 6373 2110K RH-Firewall-1-INPUT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 0 0 RH-Firewall-1-INPUT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 1241 packets, 932K bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain RH-Firewall-1-INPUT (2 references) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 572 861K ACCEPT all -- lo * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 1 28 ACCEPT icmp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 icmp type 255 0 0 ACCEPT esp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 0 0 ACCEPT ah -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 46 6457 ACCEPT udp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 224.0.0.251 udp dpt:5353 0 0 ACCEPT udp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 udp dpt:631 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:631 782 157K ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED 2 120 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW tcp dpt:22 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW tcp dpt:443 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW tcp dpt:23 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW tcp dpt:80 4970 1086K REJECT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-host-prohibited Result of nmap -P0 -p3306 171.67.88.25 Host is up (0.027s latency). PORT STATE SERVICE 3306/tcp filtered mysql Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.09 seconds Solution When everything else fails, go GUI! system-config-securitylevel and add port 3306. All done!

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• How Hacker Can Access VPS CentOS 6 content?

  - by user2118559

  Just want to understand. Please, correct mistakes and write advices Hacker can access to VPS: 1. Through (using) console terminal, for example, using PuTTY. To access, hacker need to know port number, username and password. Port number hacker can know scanning open ports and try to login. The only way to login as I understand need to know username and password. To block (make more difficult) port scanning, need to use iptables configure /etc/sysconfig/iptables. I followed this https://www.digitalocean.com/community/articles/how-to-setup-a-basic-ip-tables-configuration-on-centos-6 tutorial and got *nat :PREROUTING ACCEPT [87:4524] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [77:4713] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [77:4713] COMMIT *mangle :PREROUTING ACCEPT [2358:200388] :INPUT ACCEPT [2358:200388] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [2638:477779] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [2638:477779] COMMIT *filter :INPUT DROP [1:40] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [339:56132] -A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --tcp-flags FIN,SYN,RST,PSH,ACK,URG NONE -j DROP -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp ! --tcp-flags FIN,SYN,RST,ACK SYN -m state --state NEW -j DROP -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --tcp-flags FIN,SYN,RST,PSH,ACK,URG FIN,SYN,RST,PSH,ACK,URG -j DROP -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 110 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -s 11.111.11.111/32 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 21 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -s 11.111.11.111/32 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 21 -j ACCEPT COMMIT Regarding ports that need to be opened. If does not use ssl, then seems must leave open port 80 for website. Then for ssh (default 22) and for ftp (default 21). And set ip address, from which can connect. So if hacker uses other ip address, he can not access even knowing username and password? Regarding emails not sure. If I send email, using Gmail (Send mail as: (Use Gmail to send from your other email addresses)), then port 25 not necessary. For incoming emails at dynadot.com I use Email Forwarding. Does it mean that emails “does not arrive to VPS” (before arriving to VPS, emails are forwarded, for example to Gmail)? If emails does not arrive to VPS, then seems port 110 also not necessary. If use only ssl, must open port 443 and close port 80. Do not understand regarding port 3306 In PuTTY with /bin/netstat -lnp see Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 992/mysqld As understand it is for mysql. But does not remember that I have opened such port (may be when installed mysql, the port is opened automatically?). Mysql is installed on the same server, where all other content. Need to understand regarding port 3306 2. Also hacker may be able access console terminal through VPS hosting provider Control Panel (serial console emergency access). As understand only using console terminal (PuTTY, etc.) can make “global” changes (changes that can not modify with ftp). 3. Hacker can access to my VPS exploiting some hole in my php code and uploading, for example, Trojan. Unfortunately, faced situation that VPS was hacked. As understand it was because I used ZPanel. On VPS ( \etc\zpanel\panel\bin) ) found one php file, that was identified as Trojan by some virus scanners (at virustotal.com). Experimented with the file on local computer (wamp). And appears that hacker can see all content of VPS, rename, delete, upload etc. From my opinion, if in PuTTY use command like chattr +i /etc/php.ini then hacker could not be able to modify php.ini. Is there any other way to get into VPS?

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• Linux, some packets are not being NAT

  - by user70932

  Hi, I'm trying to NAT HTTP traffic, I'm new to this and facing some issues. What i'm trying to do is NAT client HTTP requests to a webserver. CLIENT - NAT BOX - WEBSERVER When the client open the IP of the NAT BOX, the request should be pass to the web server. But I'm getting "HTTP request sent, awaiting response..." and then wait serveral minutes before the request is done. Looking at the tcpdump output, it looks like the first Syn packet on (10:48:54) is being NAT but not the second, third, fourth... ACK or PSH packets, and wait until (10:52:04) it starts NAT again on the ACK packet. The iptables command I'm using is: iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp -i eth0 --dport 80 \ -j DNAT --to-destination WEBSERVER I'm wondering what could have caused this behavior? Thanks alot. 10:48:54.907861 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 49, id 16395, offset 0, flags [DF], proto: TCP (6), length: 48) CLIENT.61736 > NATBOX.http: S, cksum 0x6019 (correct), 1589600740:1589600740(0) win 5840 <mss 1460,nop,wscale 8> 10:48:54.907874 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 48, id 16395, offset 0, flags [DF], proto: TCP (6), length: 48) CLIENT.61736 > WEBSERVER.http: S, cksum 0xb5d7 (correct), 1589600740:1589600740(0) win 5840 <mss 1460,nop,wscale 8> 10:48:55.102696 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 49, id 16397, offset 0, flags [DF], proto: TCP (6), length: 40) CLIENT.61736 > NATBOX.http: ., cksum 0x2727 (correct), ack 2950613896 win 23 10:48:55.102963 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 49, id 16399, offset 0, flags [DF], proto: TCP (6), length: 160) CLIENT.61736 > NATBOX.http: P 0:120(120) ack 1 win 23 10:48:58.103078 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 49, id 16401, offset 0, flags [DF], proto: TCP (6), length: 160) CLIENT.61736 > NATBOX.http: P 0:120(120) ack 1 win 23 10:48:58.366344 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 49, id 16403, offset 0, flags [DF], proto: TCP (6), length: 40) CLIENT.61736 > NATBOX.http: ., cksum 0x26af (correct), ack 1 win 23 10:49:04.103204 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 49, id 16405, offset 0, flags [DF], proto: TCP (6), length: 160) CLIENT.61736 > NATBOX.http: P 0:120(120) ack 1 win 23 10:49:04.363943 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 49, id 16407, offset 0, flags [DF], proto: TCP (6), length: 40) CLIENT.61736 > NATBOX.http: ., cksum 0x26af (correct), ack 1 win 23 10:49:16.101583 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 49, id 16409, offset 0, flags [DF], proto: TCP (6), length: 160) CLIENT.61736 > NATBOX.http: P 0:120(120) ack 1 win 23 10:49:16.363475 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 49, id 16411, offset 0, flags [DF], proto: TCP (6), length: 40) CLIENT.61736 > NATBOX.http: ., cksum 0x26af (correct), ack 1 win 23 10:49:40.100796 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 49, id 16413, offset 0, flags [DF], proto: TCP (6), length: 160) CLIENT.61736 > NATBOX.http: P 0:120(120) ack 1 win 23 10:49:40.563898 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 49, id 16415, offset 0, flags [DF], proto: TCP (6), length: 40) CLIENT.61736 > NATBOX.http: ., cksum 0x26af (correct), ack 1 win 23 10:50:28.099396 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 49, id 16417, offset 0, flags [DF], proto: TCP (6), length: 160) CLIENT.61736 > NATBOX.http: P 0:120(120) ack 1 win 23 10:50:28.761678 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 49, id 16419, offset 0, flags [DF], proto: TCP (6), length: 40) CLIENT.61736 > NATBOX.http: ., cksum 0x26af (correct), ack 1 win 23 10:52:04.093668 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 49, id 16421, offset 0, flags [DF], proto: TCP (6), length: 160) CLIENT.61736 > NATBOX.http: P 0:120(120) ack 1 win 23 10:52:04.093678 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 48, id 16421, offset 0, flags [DF], proto: TCP (6), length: 160) CLIENT.61736 > WEBSERVER.http: P 1589600741:1589600861(120) ack 2950613896 win 23 10:52:04.291021 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 49, id 16423, offset 0, flags [DF], proto: TCP (6), length: 40) CLIENT.61736 > NATBOX.http: ., cksum 0x25d3 (correct), ack 217 win 27 10:52:04.291028 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 48, id 16423, offset 0, flags [DF], proto: TCP (6), length: 40) CLIENT.61736 > WEBSERVER.http: ., cksum 0x7b91 (correct), ack 217 win 27 10:52:04.300708 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 49, id 16425, offset 0, flags [DF], proto: TCP (6), length: 40) CLIENT.61736 > NATBOX.http: ., cksum 0x253c (correct), ack 368 win 27 10:52:04.300714 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 48, id 16425, offset 0, flags [DF], proto: TCP (6), length: 40) CLIENT.61736 > WEBSERVER.http: ., cksum 0x7afa (correct), ack 368 win 27 10:52:04.301417 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 49, id 16427, offset 0, flags [DF], proto: TCP (6), length: 40) CLIENT.61736 > NATBOX.http: F, cksum 0x253b (correct), 120:120(0) ack 368 win 27 10:52:04.301438 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 48, id 16427, offset 0, flags [DF], proto: TCP (6), length: 40) CLIENT.61736 > WEBSERVER.http: F, cksum 0x7af9 (correct), 120:120(0) ack 368 win 27 10:52:04.498875 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 49, id 16429, offset 0, flags [DF], proto: TCP (6), length: 40) CLIENT.61736 > NATBOX.http: ., cksum 0x253a (correct), ack 369 win 27 10:52:04.498881 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 48, id 16429, offset 0, flags [DF], proto: TCP (6), length: 40) CLIENT.61736 > WEBSERVER.http: ., cksum 0x7af8 (correct), ack 369 win 27

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• checksum in raw sockets and pcap [closed]

  - by hero

  i am using pcap library to sniff some packets, change their tcp data , and then inject my packet on the network. my question is: if i changed in the tcp data, should i recalculate the length field in the tcp header? should i also change the checksum? i read in a page on how to create raw sockets that if you set the tcp_checksum to 0, the kernel will automatically calculate it and fill it, is this true for windows machines also?

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• Unable to connect to mail server via IMAP and roundcube

  - by mrhatter

  I am having trouble getting the final parts of my mail server up and working. I followed this tutorial to get everything set up on the mail server side. I have installed roundcube for webmail and configured it but it is saying "error connecting, connection refused" when attempting to connect to it using IMAP. This is thorough the "test imap" section of its installer. Also it is giving me an error message about perissions for it's log and temp folders but that's not as important as acutally getting mail to work. I have also tried connecting to the mail server using thunderbird however it cannot establish a connection either and I know my login information is correct. I know that the databases are working correctly based on the roundcube installer telling me that they have been "successfully initialized". Here are my firewall rules -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m conntrack --ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 25 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 465 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 487 -j ACCEPT -A OUTPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 993 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -j DROP Which I set up in iptables. I have modified them from what I used in this tutorial I'm not sure what to try next. Any help would be wonderful! I am using Ubuntu 14.04 server, apache 2.4.7, roundcube 1.0.1, and the latest versions of dovecot and postfix. The email databases are contained in mysql. I am running this on a VPS server. UPDATE: I have changed from iptables to using ufw. I have run the following commands to set up a basic firewall with ufw. ufw default deny ufw allow ssh ufw allow http ufw allow https ufw allow imap ufw allow imaps ufw allow smtp I then used telnet to check all of the mail ports. But Port 993 isnt working even though ufw says both 993 and 993/tcp are open. What am I missing?

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• LVS TCP connection timeouts - lingering connections

  - by Jon Topper

  I'm using keepalived to load-balance connections between a number of TCP servers. I don't expect it matters, but the service in this case is rabbitmq. I'm using NAT type balancing with weighted round-robin. A client connects to the server thus: [client]-----------[lvs]------------[real server] a b If a client connects to the LVS and remains idle, sending nothing on the socket, this eventually times out, according to timeouts set using ipvsadm --set. At this point, the connection marked 'a' above correctly disappears from the output of netstat -anp on the client, and from the output of ipvsadm -L -n -c on the lvs box. Connection 'b', however, remains ESTABLISHED according to netstat -anp on the real server box. Why is this? Can I force lvs to properly reset the connection to the real server?

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• Effects of HTTP/TCP connection handshakes and server performance

  - by Blankman

  When running apache bench on the same server as the website like: ab -n 1000 -c 10 localhost:8080/ I am most probably not getting accurate results when compared to users hitting the server from various locations. I'm trying to understand how or rather why this will effect real world performance since a user in china will have different latency issues when compared to someone in the same state/country. Say my web server has a maximum thread limit of 100. Can someone explain in detail how end user latency can/will effect server performance. I'm assuming here that each request will be computed equally at say 10ms. What I'm not understand is how external factors can effect overal server performance, specifically internet connections (location, or even device like mobile) and http/tcp handshakes etc.

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• Tunnel only one program (UDP & TCP) through another server

  - by user136036

  I have a windows machine at home and a server with debian installed. I want to tunnel the UDP traffic from one (any only this) program on my windows machine through my server. For tcp traffic this was easy using putty as a socks5 proxy and then connecting via ssh to my server - but this does not seem to work for UDP. Then I setup dante as a socks5 proxy but it seems to create a new instance/thread per connection which leads to a huge ram usage for my server, so this was no option either. So most people recommend openvpn, so my question: Can I use openvpn to just tunnel this one program through my server? Is there a way to maybe create a local socks5 proxy on my windows machine and set it as a proxy in my program and only this proxy then will use openvpn? Thank you for your ideas

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• MTU, DSL router and stalling TCP

  - by user38843

  I am discovering stalling TCP connection problem. The problem arises when I try to scp stuff from remote system from my home network. My home network is connected to internet via PPPoE (ADSL+) and everything works perfectly once working from my home network. The ADSL router has MTU set to 1492 but with that setting the scp from remote system does not work - stalling! When I change the MTU on my router to 1500 the that scp works perfectly but internet accesses from my home network is very slow to most of the www sites - even local ones. Just wondering where the problem exists - my ISP blocking ICMP, etc? Thanks!

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• LVS TCP connection timeouts - lingering connections

  - by Jon Topper

  I'm using keepalived to load-balance connections between a number of TCP servers. I don't expect it matters, but the service in this case is rabbitmq. I'm using NAT type balancing with weighted round-robin. A client connects to the server thus: [client]-----------[lvs]------------[real server] a b If a client connects to the LVS and remains idle, sending nothing on the socket, this eventually times out, according to timeouts set using ipvsadm --set. At this point, the connection marked 'a' above correctly disappears from the output of netstat -anp on the client, and from the output of ipvsadm -L -n -c on the lvs box. Connection 'b', however, remains ESTABLISHED according to netstat -anp on the real server box. Why is this? Can I force lvs to properly reset the connection to the real server?

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• Where is the actual content in a TCP segment

  - by packetloss

  When I email something or download a program, or do anything else over a network, where in the segment is the actual content? If I am emailing a 20KB word document, and the maximum data field size in a segment is 1500 bytes, does that mean it takes about 14 segments to mail my document wherever it is going? I get, I think, the OSI model and I have a decent grasp of the IP protocol. I think I understand the concept of header wrapping of each successive layer in the protocol stack. What I can't get a definitive answer to is where does the actual content go in a TCP segment? Is that the datagram? Maybe the fact I am asking proves I have no clue... Many thanks.

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