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• How do I configure OpenVPN for accessing the internet with one NIC?

  - by Lekensteyn

  I've been trying to get OpenVPN to work for three days. After reading many questions, the HOWTO, the FAQ and even parts of a guide to Linux networking, I cannot get my an Internet connection to the Internet. I'm trying to set up a OpenVPN server on a VPS, which will be used for: secure access to the Internet bypassing port restrictions (directadmin/2222 for example) an IPv6 connection (my client does only have IPv4 connectivity, while the VPS has both IPv4 and native IPv6 connectivity) (if possible) I can connect to my server and access the machine (HTTP), but Internet connectivity fails completely. I'm using ping 8.8.8.8 for testing whether my connection works or not. Using tcpdump and iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -j LOG, I can confirm that the packets reach my server. If I ping to 8.8.8.8 on the VPS, I get an echo-reply from 8.8.8.8 as expected. When pinging from the client, I do not get an echo-reply. The VPS has only one NIC: etho. It runs on Xen. Summary: I want to have a secure connection between my laptop and the Internet using OpenVPN. If that works, I want to have IPv6 connectivity as well. Network setup and software: Home laptop (eth0: 192.168.2.10) (tap0: 10.8.0.2) | | (running Kubuntu 10.10; OpenVPN 2.1.0-3ubuntu1) | wifi | router/gateway (gateway 192.168.2.1) | INTERNET | VPS (eth0:1.2.3.4) (gateway, tap0: 10.8.0.1) (running Debian 6; OpenVPN 2.1.3-2) wifi and my home router should not cause problems since all traffic goes encrypted over UDP port 1194. I've turned IP forwarding on: # echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward iptables has been configured to allow forwarding traffic as well: iptables -F FORWARD iptables -A FORWARD -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -s 10.8.0.0/24 -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -j DROP I've tried each of these rules separately without luck (flushing the chains before executing): iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.8.0.0/24 -o eth0 -j SNAT --to 1.2.3.4 iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.8.0.0/24 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE route -n before (server): 1.2.3.4 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 0.0.0.0 1.2.3.4 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 route -n after (server): 1.2.3.4 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 10.8.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 tap0 0.0.0.0 1.2.3.4 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 route -n before (client): 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 2 0 0 wlan0 169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 1000 0 0 wlan0 0.0.0.0 192.168.2.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 wlan0 route -n after (client): 1.2.3.4 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.255 UGH 0 0 0 wlan0 10.8.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 tap0 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 2 0 0 wlan0 169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 1000 0 0 wlan0 0.0.0.0 10.8.0.1 128.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 tap0 128.0.0.0 10.8.0.1 128.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 tap0 0.0.0.0 192.168.2.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 wlan0 SERVER config proto udp dev tap ca ca.crt cert server.crt key server.key dh dh1024.pem server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0 push "redirect-gateway def1" ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt keepalive 10 120 tls-auth ta.key 0 comp-lzo user nobody group nobody persist-key persist-tun log-append openvpn-log verb 3 mute 10 CLIENT config dev tap proto udp remote 1.2.3.4 1194 resolv-retry infinite nobind persist-key persist-tun ca ca.crt cert client.crt key client.key ns-cert-type server tls-auth ta.key 1 comp-lzo verb 3 mute 20 traceroute 8.8.8.8 works as expected (similar output without OpenVPN activated): 1 10.8.0.1 (10.8.0.1) 24.276 ms 26.891 ms 29.454 ms 2 gw03.sbp.directvps.nl (178.21.112.1) 31.161 ms 31.890 ms 34.458 ms 3 ge0-v0652.cr0.nik-ams.nl.as8312.net (195.210.57.105) 35.353 ms 36.874 ms 38.403 ms 4 ge0-v3900.cr0.nik-ams.nl.as8312.net (195.210.57.53) 41.311 ms 41.561 ms 43.006 ms 5 * * * 6 209.85.248.88 (209.85.248.88) 147.061 ms 36.931 ms 28.063 ms 7 216.239.49.36 (216.239.49.36) 31.109 ms 33.292 ms 216.239.49.28 (216.239.49.28) 64.723 ms 8 209.85.255.130 (209.85.255.130) 49.350 ms 209.85.255.126 (209.85.255.126) 49.619 ms 209.85.255.122 (209.85.255.122) 52.416 ms 9 google-public-dns-a.google.com (8.8.8.8) 41.266 ms 44.054 ms 44.730 ms If you have any suggestions, please comment or answer. Thanks in advance.

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• linux raid 1: right after replacing and syncing one drive, the other disk fails - understanding what is going on with mdstat/mdadm

  - by devicerandom

  We have an old RAID 1 Linux server (Ubuntu Lucid 10.04), with four partitions. A few days ago /dev/sdb failed, and today we noticed /dev/sda had pre-failure ominous SMART signs (~4000 reallocated sector count). We replaced /dev/sdb this morning and rebuilt the RAID on the new drive, following this guide: http://www.howtoforge.com/replacing_hard_disks_in_a_raid1_array Everything went smooth until the very end. When it looked like it was finishing to synchronize the last partition, the other old one failed. At this point I am very unsure of the state of the system. Everything seems working and the files seem to be all accessible, just as if it synchronized everything, but I'm new to RAID and I'm worried about what is going on. The /proc/mdstat output is: Personalities : [raid1] [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] md3 : active raid1 sdb4[2](S) sda4[0] 478713792 blocks [2/1] [U_] md2 : active raid1 sdb3[1] sda3[2](F) 244140992 blocks [2/1] [_U] md1 : active raid1 sdb2[1] sda2[2](F) 244140992 blocks [2/1] [_U] md0 : active raid1 sdb1[1] sda1[2](F) 9764800 blocks [2/1] [_U] unused devices: <none> The order of [_U] vs [U_]. Why aren't they consistent along all the array? Is the first U /dev/sda or /dev/sdb? (I tried looking on the web for this trivial information but I found no explicit indication) If I read correctly for md0, [_U] should be /dev/sda1 (down) and /dev/sdb1 (up). But if /dev/sda has failed, how can it be the opposite for md3 ? I understand /dev/sdb4 is now spare because probably it failed to synchronize it 100%, but why does it show /dev/sda4 as up? Shouldn't it be [__]? Or [_U] anyway? The /dev/sda drive now cannot even be accessed by SMART anymore apparently, so I wouldn't expect it to be up. What is wrong with my interpretation of the output? I attach also the outputs of mdadm --detail for the four partitions: /dev/md0: Version : 00.90 Creation Time : Fri Jan 21 18:43:07 2011 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 9764800 (9.31 GiB 10.00 GB) Used Dev Size : 9764800 (9.31 GiB 10.00 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Preferred Minor : 0 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Tue Nov 5 17:27:33 2013 State : clean, degraded Active Devices : 1 Working Devices : 1 Failed Devices : 1 Spare Devices : 0 UUID : a3b4dbbd:859bf7f2:bde36644:fcef85e2 Events : 0.7704 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 0 0 0 removed 1 8 17 1 active sync /dev/sdb1 2 8 1 - faulty spare /dev/sda1 /dev/md1: Version : 00.90 Creation Time : Fri Jan 21 18:43:15 2011 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 244140992 (232.83 GiB 250.00 GB) Used Dev Size : 244140992 (232.83 GiB 250.00 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Preferred Minor : 1 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Tue Nov 5 17:39:06 2013 State : clean, degraded Active Devices : 1 Working Devices : 1 Failed Devices : 1 Spare Devices : 0 UUID : 8bcd5765:90dc93d5:cc70849c:224ced45 Events : 0.1508280 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 0 0 0 removed 1 8 18 1 active sync /dev/sdb2 2 8 2 - faulty spare /dev/sda2 /dev/md2: Version : 00.90 Creation Time : Fri Jan 21 18:43:19 2011 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 244140992 (232.83 GiB 250.00 GB) Used Dev Size : 244140992 (232.83 GiB 250.00 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Preferred Minor : 2 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Tue Nov 5 17:46:44 2013 State : clean, degraded Active Devices : 1 Working Devices : 1 Failed Devices : 1 Spare Devices : 0 UUID : 2885668b:881cafed:b8275ae8:16bc7171 Events : 0.2289636 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 0 0 0 removed 1 8 19 1 active sync /dev/sdb3 2 8 3 - faulty spare /dev/sda3 /dev/md3: Version : 00.90 Creation Time : Fri Jan 21 18:43:22 2011 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 478713792 (456.54 GiB 490.20 GB) Used Dev Size : 478713792 (456.54 GiB 490.20 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Preferred Minor : 3 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Tue Nov 5 17:19:20 2013 State : clean, degraded Active Devices : 1 Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 1 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 4 0 active sync /dev/sda4 1 0 0 1 removed 2 8 20 - spare /dev/sdb4 The active sync on /dev/sda4 baffles me. I am worried because if tomorrow morning I have to replace /dev/sda, I want to be sure what should I sync with what and what is going on. I am also quite baffled by the fact /dev/sda decided to fail exactly when the raid finished resyncing. I'd like to understand what is really happening. Thanks a lot for your patience and help. Massimo

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• I have made two template classes,could any one tell me if these things are useful?

  - by soul

  Recently i made two template classes,according to the book "Modern C++ design". I think these classes are useful but no one in my company agree with me,so could any one tell me if these things are useful? The first one is a parameter wrapper,it can package function paramters to a single dynamic object.It looks like TypeList in "Modern C++ design". You can use it like this: some place of your code: int i = 7; bool b = true; double d = 3.3; CParam *p1 = CreateParam(b,i); CParam *p2 = CreateParam(i,b,d); other place of your code: int i = 0; bool b = false; double d = 0.0; GetParam(p1,b,i); GetParam(p2,i,b,d); The second one is a generic callback wrapper,it has some special point compare to other wrappers: 1.This template class has a dynamic base class,which let you use a single type object represent all wrapper objects. 2.It can wrap the callback together with it's parameters,you can excute the callback sometimes later with the parameters. You can use it like this: somewhere of your code: void Test1(int i) { } void Test2(bool b,int i) { } CallbackFunc * p1 = CreateCallback(Test1,3); CallbackFunc * p2 = CreateCallback(Test2,false,99); otherwhere of your code: p1->Excute(); p2->Excute(); Here is a part of the codes: parameter wrapper: class NullType; struct CParam { virtual ~CParam(){} }; template<class T1,class T2> struct CParam2 : public CParam { CParam2(T1 &t1,T2 &t2):v1(t1),v2(t2){} CParam2(){} T1 v1; T2 v2; }; template<class T1> struct CParam2<T1,NullType> : public CParam { CParam2(T1 &t1):v1(t1){} CParam2(){} T1 v1; }; template<class T1> CParam * CreateParam(T1 t1) { return (new CParam2<T1,NullType>(t1)); } template<class T1,class T2> CParam * CreateParam(T1 t1,T2 t2) { return (new CParam2<T1,T2>(t1,t2)); } template<class T1,class T2,class T3> CParam * CreateParam(T1 t1,T2 t2,T3 t3) { CParam2<T2,T3> t(t2,t3); return new CParam2<T1,CParam2<T2,T3> >(t1,t); } template<class T1> void GetParam(CParam *p,T1 &t1) { PARAM1(T1)* p2 = dynamic_cast<CParam2<T1,NullType>*>(p); t1 = p2->v1; } callback wrapper: #define PARAM1(T1) CParam2<T1,NullType> #define PARAM2(T1,T2) CParam2<T1,T2> #define PARAM3(T1,T2,T3) CParam2<T1,CParam2<T2,T3> > class CallbackFunc { public: virtual ~CallbackFunc(){} virtual void Excute(void){} }; template<class T> class CallbackFunc2 : public CallbackFunc { public: CallbackFunc2():m_b(false){} CallbackFunc2(T &t):m_t(t),m_b(true){} T m_t; bool m_b; }; template<class M,class T> class StaticCallbackFunc : public CallbackFunc2<T> { public: StaticCallbackFunc(M m):m_m(m){} StaticCallbackFunc(M m,T t):CallbackFunc2<T>(t),m_m(m){} virtual void Excute(void){assert(CallbackFunc2<T>::m_b);CallMethod(CallbackFunc2<T>::m_t);} private: template<class T1> void CallMethod(PARAM1(T1) &t){m_m(t.v1);} template<class T1,class T2> void CallMethod(PARAM2(T1,T2) &t){m_m(t.v1,t.v2);} template<class T1,class T2,class T3> void CallMethod(PARAM3(T1,T2,T3) &t){m_m(t.v1,t.v2.v1,t.v2.v2);} private: M m_m; }; template<class M> class StaticCallbackFunc<M,void> : public CallbackFunc { public: StaticCallbackFunc(M method):m_m(method){} virtual void Excute(void){m_m();} private: M m_m; }; template<class C,class M,class T> class MemberCallbackFunc : public CallbackFunc2<T> { public: MemberCallbackFunc(C *pC,M m):m_pC(pC),m_m(m){} MemberCallbackFunc(C *pC,M m,T t):CallbackFunc2<T>(t),m_pC(pC),m_m(m){} virtual void Excute(void){assert(CallbackFunc2<T>::m_b);CallMethod(CallbackFunc2<T>::m_t);} template<class T1> void CallMethod(PARAM1(T1) &t){(m_pC->*m_m)(t.v1);} template<class T1,class T2> void CallMethod(PARAM2(T1,T2) &t){(m_pC->*m_m)(t.v1,t.v2);} template<class T1,class T2,class T3> void CallMethod(PARAM3(T1,T2,T3) &t){(m_pC->*m_m)(t.v1,t.v2.v1,t.v2.v2);} private: C *m_pC; M m_m; }; template<class T1> CallbackFunc *CreateCallback(CallbackFunc *p,T1 t1) { CParam2<T1,NullType> t(t1); return new StaticCallbackFunc<CallbackFunc *,CParam2<T1,NullType> >(p,t); } template<class C,class T1> CallbackFunc *CreateCallback(C *pC,void(C::*pF)(T1),T1 t1) { CParam2<T1,NullType>t(t1); return new MemberCallbackFunc<C,void(C::*)(T1),CParam2<T1,NullType> >(pC,pF,t); } template<class T1> CParam2<T1,NullType> CreateCallbackParam(T1 t1) { return CParam2<T1,NullType>(t1); } template<class T1> void ExcuteCallback(CallbackFunc *p,T1 t1) { CallbackFunc2<CParam2<T1,NullType> > *p2 = dynamic_cast<CallbackFunc2<CParam2<T1,NullType> > *>(p); p2->m_t.v1 = t1; p2->m_b = true; p->Excute(); }

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• How can I make a div expand on click with only one open at a time?

  - by imHavoc

  As shown in here: http://www.learningjquery.com/2007/03/accordion-madness. But I need help to edit it so that it will work for my circumstances. Sample HTML <div class="row even"> <div class="info"> <div class="class">CK1</div> <div class="teacher_chinese">??</div> <div class="teacher_english">Teacher Name</div> <div class="assistant_chinese">??</div> <div class="assistant_english">Assistant Name</div> <div class="room">Room 00</div> <div class="book"></div> </div> <div class="chapters"> <a href="../../curriculum/cantonese/textbook.php?cls=C1&amp;ch=1"><span class="chapter">?</span></a> <a href="../../curriculum/cantonese/textbook.php?cls=C1&amp;ch=2"><span class="chapter">?</span></a> <a href="../../curriculum/cantonese/textbook.php?cls=C1&amp;ch=3"><span class="chapter">?</span></a> <a href="../../curriculum/cantonese/textbook.php?cls=C1&amp;ch=4"><span class="chapter">?</span></a> <a href="../../curriculum/cantonese/textbook.php?cls=C1&amp;ch=5"><span class="chapter">?</span></a> <a href="../../curriculum/cantonese/textbook.php?cls=C1&amp;ch=6"><span class="chapter">?</span></a> <a href="../../curriculum/cantonese/textbook.php?cls=C1&amp;ch=7"><span class="chapter">?</span></a> <a href="../../curriculum/cantonese/textbook.php?cls=C1&amp;ch=8"><span class="chapter">?</span></a> <a href="../../curriculum/cantonese/textbook.php?cls=C1&amp;ch=9"><span class="chapter">?</span></a> <a href="../../curriculum/cantonese/textbook.php?cls=C1&amp;ch=10"><span class="chapter">?</span></a> <a href="../../curriculum/cantonese/textbook.php?cls=C1&amp;ch=11"><span class="chapter">??</span></a> <a href="../../curriculum/cantonese/textbook.php?cls=C1&amp;ch=12"><span class="chapter">??</span></a> <a href="../../curriculum/cantonese/textbook.php?cls=C1&amp;ch=13"><span class="chapter">??</span></a> </div> </div> JQUERY [Work In Progress] $(document).ready(function() { $('div#table_cantonese .chapters').hide(); $('div#table_cantonese .book').click(function() { var $nextDiv = $(this).next(); var $visibleSiblings = $nextDiv.siblings('div:visible'); if ($visibleSiblings.length ) { $visibleSiblings.slideUp('fast', function() { $nextDiv.slideToggle('fast'); }); } else { $nextDiv.slideToggle('fast'); } }); }); So when the end-user click on div.book, div.chapters will expand. And only one div.chapters will be shown at a time. So if a div.chapters is already open, then it will close the open one first before animating the one the user clicked on.

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• Dynamically alter outter div as inner one gets bigger.

  - by Razor Storm

  I have two divs, one inside another. The outter one is called #wrapper, while the inner one is called #pad. Now #pad allows user input, and I have a javascript (jQuery) function that changes the content of #pad based on what the user input is. Sometimes, because of this function, #pad's content will cause the div to become more elongated than before. Now obviously I would wish for #wrapper to grow longer as well to accommodate this change in #pad's length. However, this does not occur. #wrapper { clear:both; padding-top:0.5em; /*padding-left:50px;*/ height: 100%; background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.4); -moz-border-radius: 20px 20px 0px 0px; -webkit-border-radius: 20px 20px 0px 0px; border-radius: 20px 20px 0px 0px; } #pad { margin-top: 25px; -moz-border-radius: 5px; border: solid 1px #DDD; margin-left:25px; padding-left:25px; margin-right:25px; padding-right:25px; margin-bottom:2em; } This is the javascript function: function preview() { var id1=$("#input1").val(); var id2=$("#input2").val(); var id3=$("#input3").val(); var id4=$("#input4").val(); var id5=$("#input5").val(); if(id1!= null && id1!="") { if( $("#preview1").attr("src")!=id1) { $("#preview1").attr("src",id1); $("#preview1").fadeIn("slow"); } } else { $("#preview1").attr("src",""); $("#preview1").fadeOut("slow"); } if(id2!= null && id2!="") { if( $("#preview2").attr("src")!=id2) { $("#preview2").attr("src",id2); $("#preview2").fadeIn("slow"); } } else { $("#preview2").attr("src",""); $("#preview2").fadeOut("slow"); } if(id3!= null && id3!="") { if( $("#preview3").attr("src")!=id3) { $("#preview3").attr("src",id3); $("#preview3").fadeIn("slow"); } } else { $("#preview3").attr("src",""); $("#preview3").fadeOut("slow"); } if(id4!= null && id4!="") { if( $("#preview4").attr("src")!=id4) { $("#preview4").attr("src",id4); $("#preview4").fadeIn("slow"); } } else { $("#preview4").attr("src",""); $("#preview4").fadeOut("slow"); } if(id5!= null && id5!="") { if( $("#preview5").attr("src")!=id5) { $("#preview5").attr("src",id5); $("#preview5").fadeIn("slow"); } } else { $("#preview5").attr("src",""); $("#preview5").fadeOut("slow"); } setTimeout("preview()",1000); $("#wrapper").attr("height",$(document).attr("height")); } http://surveys.mylifeisberkeley.com/

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• What Every Developer Should Know About MSI Components

  - by Alois Kraus

  Hopefully nothing. But if you have to do more than simple XCopy deployment and you need to support updates, upgrades and perhaps side by side scenarios there is no way around MSI. You can create Msi files with a Visual Studio Setup project which is severely limited or you can use the Windows Installer Toolset. I cannot talk about WIX with my German colleagues because WIX has a very special meaning. It is funny to always use the long name when I talk about deployment possibilities. Alternatively you can buy commercial tools which help you to author Msi files but I am not sure how good they are. Given enough pain with existing solutions you can also learn the MSI Apis and create your own packaging solution. If I were you I would use either a commercial visual tool when you do easy deployments or use the free Windows Installer Toolset. Once you know the WIX schema you can create well formed wix xml files easily with any editor. Then you can “compile” from the wxs files your Msi package. Recently I had the “pleasure” to get my hands dirty with C++ (again) and the MSI technology. Installation is a complex topic but after several month of digging into arcane MSI issues I can safely say that there should exist an easier way to install and update files as today. I am not alone with this statement as John Robbins (creator of the cool tool Paraffin) states: “.. It's a brittle and scary API in Windows …”. To help other people struggling with installation issues I present you the advice I (and others) found useful and what will happen if you ignore this advice. What is a MSI file? A MSI file is basically a database with tables which reference each other to control how your un/installation should work. The basic idea is that you declare via these tables what you want to install and MSI controls the how to get your stuff onto or off your machine. Your “stuff” consists usually of files, registry keys, shortcuts and environment variables. Therefore the most important tables are File, Registry, Environment and Shortcut table which define what will be un/installed. The key to master MSI is that every resource (file, registry key ,…) is associated with a MSI component. The actual payload consists of compressed files in the CAB format which can either be embedded into the MSI file or reside beside the MSI file or in a subdirectory below it. To examine MSI files you need Orca a free MSI editor provided by MS. There is also another free editor called Super Orca which does support diffs between MSI and it does not lock the MSI files. But since Orca comes with a shell extension I tend to use only Orca because it is so easy to right click on a MSI file and open it with this tool. How Do I Install It? Double click it. This does work for fresh installations as well as major upgrades. Updates need to be installed via the command line via msiexec /i <msi> REINSTALL=ALL REINSTALLMODE=vomus   This tells the installer to reinstall all already installed features (new features will NOT be installed). The reinstallmode letters do force an overwrite of the old cached package in the %WINDIR%\Installer folder. All files, shortcuts and registry keys are redeployed if they are missing or need to be replaced with a newer version. When things did go really wrong and you want to overwrite everything unconditionally use REINSTALLMODE=vamus. How To Enable MSI Logs? You can download a MSI from Microsoft which installs some registry keys to enable full MSI logging. The log files can be found in your %TEMP% folder and are called MSIxxxx.log. Alternatively you can add to your msiexec command line the option msiexec …. /l*vx <LogFileName> Personally I find it rather strange that * does not mean full logging. To really get all logs I need to add v and x which is documented in the msiexec help but I still find this behavior unintuitive. What are MSI components? The whole MSI logic is bound to the concept of MSI components. Nearly every msi table has a Component column which binds an installable resource to a component. Below are the screenshots of the FeatureComponents and Component table of an example MSI. The Feature table defines basically the feature hierarchy.  To find out what belongs to a feature you need to look at the FeatureComponents table where for each feature the components are listed which will be installed when a feature is installed. The MSI components are defined in the  Component table. This table has as first column the component name and as second column the component id which is a GUID. All resources you want to install belong to a MSI component. Therefore nearly all MSI tables have a Component_ column which contains the component name. If you look e.g. a the File table you see that every file belongs to a component which is true for all other tables which install resources. The component table is the glue between all other tables which contain the resources you want to install. So far so easy. Why is MSI then so complex? Most MSI problems arise from the fact that you did violate a MSI component rule in one or the other way. When you install a feature the reference count for all components belonging to this feature will increase by one. If your component is installed by more than one feature it will get a higher refcount. When you uninstall a feature its refcount will drop by one. Interesting things happen if the component reference count reaches zero: Then all associated resources will be deleted. That looks like a reasonable thing and it is. What it makes complex are the strange component rules you have to follow. Below are some important component rules from the Tao of the Windows Installer … Rule 16: Follow Component Rules Components are a very important part of the Installer technology. They are the means whereby the Installer manages the resources that make up your application. The SDK provides the following guidelines for creating components in your package: Never create two components that install a resource under the same name and target location. If a resource must be duplicated in multiple components, change its name or target location in each component. This rule should be applied across applications, products, product versions, and companies. Two components must not have the same key path file. This is a consequence of the previous rule. The key path value points to a particular file or folder belonging to the component that the installer uses to detect the component. If two components had the same key path file, the installer would be unable to distinguish which component is installed. Two components however may share a key path folder. Do not create a version of a component that is incompatible with all previous versions of the component. This rule should be applied across applications, products, product versions, and companies. Do not create components containing resources that will need to be installed into more than one directory on the user’s system. The installer installs all of the resources in a component into the same directory. It is not possible to install some resources into subdirectories. Do not include more than one COM server per component. If a component contains a COM server, this must be the key path for the component. Do not specify more than one file per component as a target for the Start menu or a Desktop shortcut. … And these rules do not even talk about component ids, update packages and upgrades which you need to understand as well. Lets suppose you install two MSIs (MSI1 and MSI2) which have the same ComponentId but different component names. Both do install the same file. What will happen when you uninstall MSI2?   Hm the file should stay there. But the component names are different. Yes and yes. But MSI uses not use the component name as key for the refcount. Instead the ComponentId column of the Component table which contains a GUID is used as identifier under which the refcount is stored. The components Comp1 and Comp2 are identical from the MSI perspective. After the installation of both MSIs the Component with the Id {100000….} has a refcount of two. After uninstallation of one MSI there is still a refcount of one which drops to zero just as expected when we uninstall the last msi. Then the file which was the same for both MSIs is deleted. You should remember that MSI keeps a refcount across MSIs for components with the same component id. MSI does manage components not the resources you did install. The resources associated with a component are then and only then deleted when the refcount of the component reaches zero.   The dependencies between features, components and resources can be described as relations. m,k are numbers >= 1, n can be 0. Inside a MSI the following relations are valid Feature    1  –> n Components Component    1 –> m Features Component      1  –>  k Resources These relations express that one feature can install several components and features can share components between them. Every (meaningful) component will install at least one resource which means that its name (primary key to stay in database speak) does occur in some other table in the Component column as value which installs some resource. Lets make it clear with an example. We want to install with the feature MainFeature some files a registry key and a shortcut. We can then create components Comp1..3 which are referenced by the resources defined in the corresponding tables.   Feature Component Registry File Shortcuts MainFeature Comp1 RegistryKey1     MainFeature Comp2   File.txt   MainFeature Comp3   File2.txt Shortcut to File2.txt   It is illegal that the same resource is part of more than one component since this would break the refcount mechanism. Lets illustrate this:            Feature ComponentId Resource Reference Count Feature1 {1000-…} File1.txt 1 Feature2 {2000-….} File1.txt 1 The installation part works well but what happens when you uninstall Feature2? Component {20000…} gets a refcount of zero where MSI deletes all resources belonging to this component. In this case File1.txt will be deleted. But Feature1 still has another component {10000…} with a refcount of one which means that the file was deleted too early. You just have ruined your installation. To fix it you then need to click on the Repair button under Add/Remove Programs to let MSI reinstall any missing registry keys, files or shortcuts. The vigilant reader might has noticed that there is more in the Component table. Beside its name and GUID it has also an installation directory, attributes and a KeyPath. The KeyPath is a reference to a file or registry key which is used to detect if the component is already installed. This becomes important when you repair or uninstall a component. To find out if the component is already installed MSI checks if the registry key or file referenced by the KeyPath property does exist. When it does not exist it assumes that it was either already uninstalled (can lead to problems during uninstall) or that it is already installed and all is fine. Why is this detail so important? Lets put all files into one component. The KeyPath should be then one of the files of your component to check if it was installed or not. When your installation becomes corrupt because a file was deleted you cannot repair it with the Repair button under Add/Remove Programs because MSI checks the component integrity via the Resource referenced by its KeyPath. As long as you did not delete the KeyPath file MSI thinks all resources with your component are installed and never executes any repair action. You get even more trouble when you try to remove files during an upgrade (you cannot remove files during an update) from your super component which contains all files. The only way out and therefore best practice is to assign for every resource you want to install an extra component. This ensures painless updatability and repairs and you have much less effort to remove specific files during an upgrade. In effect you get this best practice relation Feature 1  –> n Components Component   1  –>  1 Resources MSI Component Rules Rule 1 – One component per resource Every resource you want to install (file, registry key, value, environment value, shortcut, directory, …) must get its own component which does never change between versions as long as the install location is the same. Penalty If you add more than one resources to a component you will break the repair capability of MSI because the KeyPath is used to check if the component needs repair. MSI ComponentId Files MSI 1.0 {1000} File1-5 MSI 2.0 {2000} File2-5 You want to remove File1 in version 2.0 of your MSI. Since you want to keep the other files you create a new component and add them there. MSI will delete all files if the component refcount of {1000} drops to zero. The files you want to keep are added to the new component {2000}. Ok that does work if your upgrade does uninstall the old MSI first. This will cause the refcount of all previously installed components to reach zero which means that all files present in version 1.0 are deleted. But there is a faster way to perform your upgrade by first installing your new MSI and then remove the old one.  If you choose this upgrade path then you will loose File1-5 after your upgrade and not only File1 as intended by your new component design.   Rule 2 – Only add, never remove resources from a component If you did follow rule 1 you will not need Rule 2. You can add in a patch more resources to one component. That is ok. But you can never remove anything from it. There are tricky ways around that but I do not want to encourage bad component design. Penalty Lets assume you have 2 MSI files which install under the same component one file   MSI1 MSI2 {1000} - ComponentId {1000} – ComponentId File1.txt File2.txt   When you install and uninstall both MSIs you will end up with an installation where either File1 or File2 will be left. Why? It seems that MSI does not store the resources associated with each component in its internal database. Instead Windows will simply query the MSI that is currently uninstalled for all resources belonging to this component. Since it will find only one file and not two it will only uninstall one file. That is the main reason why you never can remove resources from a component!   Rule 3 Never Remove A Component From an Update MSI. This is the same as if you change the GUID of a component by accident for your new update package. The resulting update package will not contain all components from the previously installed package. Penalty When you remove a component from a feature MSI will set the feature state during update to Advertised and log a warning message into its log file when you did enable MSI logging. SELMGR: ComponentId '{2DCEA1BA-3E27-E222-484C-D0D66AEA4F62}' is registered to feature 'xxxxxxx, but is not present in the Component table.  Removal of components from a feature is not supported! MSI (c) (24:44) [07:53:13:436]: SELMGR: Removal of a component from a feature is not supported Advertised means that MSI treats all components of this feature as not installed. As a consequence during uninstall nothing will be removed since it is not installed! This is not only bad because uninstall does no longer work but this feature will also not get the required patches. All other features which have followed component versioning rules for update packages will be updated but the one faulty feature will not. This results in very hard to find bugs why an update was only partially successful. Things got better with Windows Installer 4.5 but you cannot rely on that nobody will use an older installer. It is a good idea to add to your update msiexec call MSIENFORCEUPGRADECOMPONENTRULES=1 which will abort the installation if you did violate this rule.

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• Why might changes be populated from one NSManagedObjectContext to another without an explicit merge?

  - by Mike Laurence

  I'm working on an object import feature that utilizes multiple threads/NSManagedObjectContexts, using http://www.mac-developer-network.com/columns/coredata/may2009/ as my guide (note that I am developing for iPhone). For some reason, when I save one of my contexts the other is immediately updated with the changes, even though I have commented out my calls to mergeChangesFromContextDidSaveNotification. Are there any reasons the contexts might be merging into one another without an explicit call? Here a log of what's going on: // 1.) Main context is saved with "Peter Gabriel" // 2.) Test context is created, begins with same contents as main context // 3.) Main context is inserted with "Spoon" // 4.) Test context is inserted with "Phoenix" // Contents at this point: CoreTest[4341:903] Artists in main context: ( "Peter Gabriel", "Spoon" ) CoreTest[4341:903] Artists in test context: ( "Peter Gabriel", "Phoenix" ) // 5.) testContext is saved // New contents of contexts: CoreTest[4341:903] Artists in main context: ( "Peter Gabriel", "Phoenix", "Spoon" ) CoreTest[4341:903] Artists in test context: ( "Peter Gabriel", "Phoenix" ) As you can see, the test context is saved midway through, and the main context suddenly has the new objects from the test context, even though I haven't performed the whole NSManagedObjectContextDidSaveNotification/mergeChangesFromContext combo. My understanding is that no changes will ever be merged unless done so explicitly... does anyone know what's going on here?

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• How does one convert 16-bit RGB565 to 24-bit RGB888?

  - by jleedev

  I’ve got my hands on a 16-bit rgb565 image (specifically, an Android framebuffer dump), and I would like to convert it to 24-bit rgb888 for viewing on a normal monitor. The question is, how does one convert a 5- or 6-bit channel to 8 bits? The obvious answer is to shift it. I started out by writing this: uint16_t buf; while (read(0, &buf, sizeof buf)) { unsigned char red = (buf & 0xf800) >> 11; unsigned char green = (buf & 0x07c0) >> 5; unsigned char blue = buf & 0x003f; putchar(red << 3); putchar(green << 2); putchar(blue << 3); } However, this doesn’t have one property I would like, which is for 0xffff to map to 0xffffff, instead of 0xf8fcf8. I need to expand the value in some way, but I’m not sure how that should work. The Android SDK comes with a tool called ddms (Dalvik Debug Monitor) that takes screen captures. As far as I can tell from reading the code, it implements the same logic; yet its screenshots are coming out different, and white is mapping to white. Here’s the raw framebuffer, the smart conversion by ddms, and the dumb conversion by the above algorithm. (By the way, this conversion is implemented in ffmpeg, but it’s just performing the dumb conversion listed above, leaving the LSBs at all zero.) I guess I have two questions: What’s the most sensible way to convert rgb565 to rgb888? How is DDMS converting its screenshots?

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• GRAPH PROBLEM: find an algorithm to determine the shortest path from one point to another in a recta

  - by newba

  I'm getting such an headache trying to elaborate an appropriate algorithm to go from a START position to a EXIT position in a maze. For what is worth, the maze is rectangular, maxsize 500x500 and, in theory, is resolvable by DFS with some branch and bound techniques ... 10 3 4 7 6 3 3 1 2 2 1 0 2 2 2 4 2 2 5 2 2 1 3 0 2 2 2 2 1 3 3 4 2 3 4 4 3 1 1 3 1 2 2 4 2 2 1 Output: 5 1 4 2 Explanation: Our agent looses energy every time he gives a step and he can only move UP, DOWN, LEFT and RIGHT. Also, if the agent arrives with a remaining energy of zero or less, he dies, so we print something like "Impossible". So, in the input 10 is the initial agent's energy, 3 4 is the START position (i.e. column 3, line 4) and we have a maze 7x6. Think this as a kind of labyrinth, in which I want to find the exit that gives the agent a better remaining energy (shortest path). In case there are paths which lead to the same remaining energy, we choose the one which has the small number of steps, of course. I need to know if a DFS to a maze 500x500 in the worst case is feasible with these limitations and how to do it, storing the remaining energy in each step and the number of steps taken so far. The output means the agent arrived with remaining energy= 5 to the exit pos 1 4 in 2 steps. If we look carefully, in this maze it's also possible to exit at pos 3 1 (column 3, row 1) with the same energy but with 3 steps, so we choose the better one. With these in mind, can someone help me some code or pseudo-code? I have troubles working this around with a 2D array and how to store the remaining energy, the path (or number of steps taken)....

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• Basic example of placing two component on one JPanel container?

  - by Bernard

  Here is my code to add to component (JTextArea and JList) to a panel and put it on the frame. Can I divide half/half by BorderLayout? If yes why mine looks messy one stays up one down? What is the other alternative? Regards, Bernard import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.BorderFactory; import javax.swing.border.Border; import javax.swing.JList; import javax.swing.JScrollPane; import javax.swing.JPanel; import javax.swing.JFrame; import javax.swing.JTextArea; public class SimpleBorder { public static void main(String[] args) { JFrame frame = new JFrame(); frame.setSize(500,500); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); Border etched = (Border) BorderFactory.createEtchedBorder(); String[] items = {"A", "B", "C", "D"}; JList list = new JList(items); JTextArea text = new JTextArea(10, 40); JScrollPane scrol = new JScrollPane(text); JScrollPane scrol2 = new JScrollPane(list); JPanel panel= new JPanel(); panel.add(scrol2,BorderLayout.WEST); panel.add(scrol, BorderLayout.EAST); panel.setBorder(etched); frame.add(panel); frame.setVisible(true); } }

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• Is it possible that a single-threaded program is executed simultaneously on more than one CPU core?

  - by Wolfgang Plaschg

  When I run a single-threaded program that i have written on my quad core Intel i can see in the Windows Task Manager that actually all four cores of my CPU are more or less active. One core is more active than the other three, but there is also activity on those. There's no other program (besided the OS kernel of course) running that would be plausible for that activitiy. And when I close my program all activity an all cores drops down to nearly zero. All is left is a little "noise" on the cores, so I'm pretty sure all the visible activity comes directly or indirectly (like invoking system routines) from my program. Is it possible that the OS or the cores themselves try to balance some code or execution on all four cores, even it's not a multithreaded program? Do you have any links that documents this technique? Some infos to the program: It's a console app written in Qt, the Task Manager states that only one thread is running. Maybe Qt uses threads, but I don't use signals or slots, nor any GUI. Link to Task Manager screenshot: http://img97.imageshack.us/img97/6403/taskmanager.png This question is language agnostic and not tied to Qt/C++, i just want to know if Windows or Intel do to balance also single-threaded code on all cores. If they do, how does this technique work? All I can think of is, that kernel routines like reading from disk etc. is scheduled on all cores, but this won't improve performance significantly since the code still has to run synchronous to the kernel api calls. EDIT Do you know any tools to do a better analysis of single and/or multi-threaded programs than the poor Windows Task Manager?

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• How does one target all divs of any webpage but differentiate them in javascript?

  - by Chaz

  So I am trying to create an extension in Chrome (a prototype for a project that I am doing) that targets all of the <div> tags of any web page, hides them or rather doesn't display them until the user clicks the mouse (further explained below). So typing a url into the browser yields a white page. The person clicks, and the first <div> appears (probably the mast head or menu). The user clicks again and the second <div> appears. I have gotten to the point where I can hide or show all <div>'s (the obvious easy part) but I am not sure how to go about targeting each since every website has different id's for them while still using the <div> tag. This is what I need the most help with. This is part of a grander operation called the Web Crank. It's just a physical crank that controls the speed by which a web page loads. Each time you make one full rotation of the crank, one section (the first <div>) of the web page loads. The faster you go, the quicker the page loads. I hope this is clear enough. I am a newbie when it comes to this, but I have done some minor coding in the past and it's not such a big deal. Thanks for your help!

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• Career Plan: The one year plan. The three year plan.

  - by drelihan

  Hi Folks, I work as a developer however I only recently began developing full time having worked for 5 years in various roles. When it comes to career planning I think I pretty much agree with The Journeyman to Craftsman model coined in The Pragmatic Probrammer and used by Bob Martin. I see myself as a journeyman and I won't call myself a "good" (for want of a better word) until I re-evaluate my skills in 5 years time. However, as part of our careers we are encouraged to make one and three year plan with specific goals that we should hit. Unfortunately, my goal is this: Write clean code that solves a problem and is easy to maintain. From a technology point of view I want to know C++ and .net programming inside out(C#, WCF etc..) But that's it. That's my plan. Is this enough? So although there's a great discussion on what people should do with their career: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/11313/career-planning-any-tips My question is this: What's your one year plan? What's your three year plan? And am I being naive with my career? Thanks,

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• mysql prevent displaying a row ONE which has reference in another row TWO but no reference in row THREE

  - by Jayapal Chandran

  I have a table like the following id | name | pid 1 | sam | NULL 2 | sams ref | 1 3 | pam | NULL For the first time the first row gets inserted which will have pid as null I insert a row which is related to the first row and then i insert a row which is new and which may be referred by another row in future. now i want only the third row to be displayed and not the first and second row as the second row contains the reference of first row. so if any row has a reference to another row then both the rows should not be displayed. Only rows which is not having any reference should be displayed. BESIDES, IS IT A GOOD PRACTICE? PLEASE ADVICE ON THIS. Edited When i updated in server the query is always giving empty result. here is what i have and this one When pid is NULL then that row should appear but when another entry in the same table with pid as its parent id or any other rows id appears then both the rows should not appear. so if any pid has been referred then both the rows should not appear. here only one row will refer another row and not more than that. in my localhost i have mysql version 5.0.1 or something like that but when i installed xampp in another system it had 5.5 and in the live server it was 5.3 so in version around 5.0 the query is returning rows but in higher versions it is returning empty rows. so now i this case how to make a query?

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• Making ANTLR generated class files into one jar file.

  - by prosseek

  With ANTLR, I get some java class files after compilation. And I need to make all the class files into one jar file. I make manifest.mf file that has one line "Main-class: Test" to indicate the main file. I run 'jar cmf manifest.mf hello.jar *.class' to get hello.jar file. But when I try to run 'java -jar hello.jar', I get the following error messages. $ java -jar hello.jar Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Test Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: Test at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:200) at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method) at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:188) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:315) at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:330) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:250) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClassInternal(ClassLoader.java:398) What's wrong? I get correct result when I run 'java Test'. The example that I used is the source code from the book 'The Definitive ANTLR Reference' that you can download from http://www.pragprog.com/titles/tpantlr/source_code The example is in /tour/trees/. I get a bunch of class files after compiling g and java files.

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• How do I use text in one cell to trigger row to be copied on another sheet in Excel?

  - by Brian Eby

  I provide all of the cut lists for our cabinet manufacturing in Excel. I tally all parts for the entire job on the first worksheet in an Excel file, and then filter the rows based on the "Material" column, and manually copy/paste each row in to its own material-specific worksheet (example: I filter "Materials" column for "Maple Ply", and then copy all "Maple Ply" rows to the "Maple Ply" worksheet). Then the material specific worksheets are sent to the shop floor for cutting. This is time consuming, and if I need to change any data in the first page, I have to go and manually update the copied row in its material-specific page. Is there any way to make each material page "look" for its material, and automatically populate itself with any row that has the appropriate material in the material column (example: any time I enter "Maple Ply" in the material column of sheet one, that row is automatically copied to the "Maple Ply" worksheet)? If so, could this link be dynamic, rather than just a copy, so that if I change a cell in a particular row on sheet one, that data is also updated on the material-specific worksheet copy? Thank you, Brian

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• [C#][XNA 3.1] How can I host two different XNA windows inside one Windows Form?

  - by secutos

  I am making a Map Editor for a 2D tile-based game. I would like to host two XNA controls inside the Windows Form - the first to render the map; the second to render the tileset. I used the code here to make the XNA control host inside the Windows Form. This all works very well - as long as there is only one XNA control inside the Windows Form. But I need two - one for the map; the second for the tileset. How can I run two XNA controls inside the Windows Form? While googling, I came across the terms "swap chain" and "multiple viewports", but I can't understand them and would appreciate support. Just as a side note, I know the XNA control example was designed so that even if you ran 100 XNA controls, they would all share the same GraphicsDevice - essentially, all 100 XNA controls would share the same screen. I tried modifying the code to instantiate a new GraphicsDevice for each XNA control, but the rest of the code doesn't work. The code is a bit long to post, so I won't post it unless someone needs it to be able to help me. Thanks in advance.

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• Why does the Chrome spacing work in one JS file and not the other?

  - by Matrym

  If you highlight and copy the text in the first paragraph on this page, then paste it into a rich text editor (dreamweaver or gmail in rich text mode), you will see that some of the text is automagically linked. Basically, it works: http://seox.org/link-building-pro.html -- http://seox.org/lbp/old-pretty.js I'm trying to build a second version, but somewhere along the way I broke it. If you go along with the same process on this new url, spacing before and after the link are removed in Chrome: http://seox.org/test.html -- http://seox.org/lbp/lb-core.js Why does the spacing work correctly in the first one, but not in the second? More importantly, how do I fix the second one so that it doesn't bug out? I asked a variation of this question before, and got a helpful and interesting answer, but hopefully I've asked the question with full detail this time around. Thanks in advance for your time! Edit: I've added a bounty to this post, and would greatly appreciate precise instructions on how to fix the bug (rather than general suggestions. To better illustrate the bug, I've copied the gray box (from the second page) below. Note how the spacing is removed before and after the a tags: Link Building 2 is an amazing tool that helps your website visitors share your content, with proper attribution. It connects to email, social sharing sites, eCommerce sites, and is the<a href="http://seox.org/test.html#seo">SEO</a>'s best friend. Think of it as the sneeze in the viral marketing metaphor. <div> <p id="credit"><br /> Read more about<a href="http://seox.org/test.html">Text Citations</a>by<a href="http://seox.org">seox.org</a></p> </div>

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• Perl+Image::Magick usage: how to assemble several areas in one image into a new image?

  - by Jin

  Hi Everybody, I'm new to ImageMagick and haven't figured out how to assemble several areas into a new image. E.g., I know the "geometry" of words "hello" and "world" respectively in an image, what I need to do is to retrieve the word images and put then into one line image while keep their relative positions. Question1: Suppose I use the perl API, how should I use Composite() or other correct methods to do this? my $geom = sprintf('%dx%x+%d+%d', $word->{width}, $word->{height}, $offsetx, $offsety); $x = $lineimg->Composite($wordimg, $geom); warn "$x" if "$x"; Suppose $lineimg's size is big enough to hold all word images and the geometry has been computed. This code gives out a complain by ImageMagick: Exception 410: composite image required `Image::Magick' @ Magick.xs/XS_Image__Magick_Mogrify/7790 ... Question2: currently I only know how to crop a word image out of the original one and then Clone() method to restore the original image. Is there a way to copy instead of crop a specific area from a image? This way can save the time to copy back and forth the whole image several times. Does anybody know how to write this kind of processing? I appreciate all your help and suggestions! -Jin

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• MySQL Gurus: How to pull a complex grid of data from MySQL database with one query?

  - by iopener

  Hopefully this is less complex than I think. I have one table of companies, and another table of jobs, and a third table with that contains a single entry for each employee in each job from each company. NOTE: Some companies won't have employees in some jobs, and some companies will have more than one employee in some jobs. The company table has a companyid and companyname field, the job table has a jobid and jobtitle field, and the employee table has employeeid, companyid, jobid and employeename fields. I want to build a table like this: +-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Company A | Company B | Company C | ------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ Job A | Emp 1 | Emp 2 | | ------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ Job B | Emp 3 | | Emp 4 | | | | Emp 5 | ------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ Job C | | Emp 6 | | | | Emp 7 | | | | Emp 8 | | ------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ I had previously been looping through a result set of jobs, and for each job, looping through a result set of each company, and for each company, looping through each employee and printing it in a table (gross, but performance was not supposed to be a consideration). The app has grown in popularity, and now we have 100 companies and hundreds of jobs, and the server is crapping out (all the id fields are indexed). Any suggestions on how to write a single query to get this data? I don't need the company names or job titles (obviously), but I do need some way to identify where each row from the result should be printed. I'm imagining a result set that just contained a long list of joined employees, and I could write a loop to use the companyid and employeeid values to tell me when to create a new cell or table row. This works as long as there aren't ZERO employees; I would need a NULL employee name for that I think? Am I completely on the wrong track? Thanks in advance for any ideas!

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• rookie MySql question about paging; Is one query enough?

  - by Camran

  I have managed to get paging to work, almost. I want to display to the user, total nr of records found, and the currently displayed records. Ex: 4000 found, displaying 0-100. I am testing this with the nr 2 (because I don't have that many records, have like 20). So I am using LIMIT $start, $nr_results; Do I have to make two queries in order to display the results the way I want, one query fetching all records and then make a mysql_num_rows to get all records, then the one with the LIMIT ? I have this: mysql_num_rows($qry_result); $total_pages = ceil($num_total / $res_per_page); //$res_per_page==2 and $num_total = 2 if ($p - 10 < 1) { $pagemin=1; } else { $pagemin = $p - 10; } if ($p + 10 $total_pages) { $pagemax = $total_pages; } else { $pagemax = $p + 10; } Here is the query: SELECT mt.*, fordon.*, boende.*, elektronik.*, business.*, hem_inredning.*, hobby.* FROM classified mt LEFT JOIN fordon ON fordon.classified_id = mt.classified_id LEFT JOIN boende ON boende.classified_id = mt.classified_id LEFT JOIN elektronik ON elektronik.classified_id = mt.classified_id LEFT JOIN business ON business.classified_id = mt.classified_id LEFT JOIN hem_inredning ON hem_inredning.classified_id = mt.classified_id LEFT JOIN hobby ON hobby.classified_id = mt.classified_id ORDER BY modify_date DESC LIMIT 0, 2 Thanks, if you need more input let me know. Basically Q is, do I have to make two queries?

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• log4net - why would the same MyLog.Debug line not work at one point of startup, but work at another

  - by Greg

  Hi, During startup of my WinForms application I'm noting that there are a couple of points (before the MainForm renders) that do a "MyDataSet.GetInstance()". For the first one the MyLog.Debug line comes through in the VS2008 output window, but for a later one it does work and come through. What could explain this? What settings could I check at debug time to see why an output line for a MyLog.Debug line doesn't come out in the output window? namespace IntranetSync { public class MyDataSet { private static readonly ILog MyLog = LogManager.GetLogger(typeof(MyDataSet)); public static MyDataSet GetInstance() { MyLog.Debug("MyDataSet GetInstance() ====================================="); if (myDataSet == null) { myDataSet = new MyDataSet(); } return myDataSet; } . . . PS. What I have been doing re log4net repository initialization is putting the following line as a private variables in the classes I use logging - is this OK? static class Program { private static readonly ILog MyLog = LogManager.GetLogger(typeof(MainForm)); . . . public class Coordinator { private static readonly ILog MyLog = LogManager.GetLogger(typeof(MainForm)); . . . public class MyDataSet { private static readonly ILog MyLog = LogManager.GetLogger(typeof(MyDataSet)); . . .

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• Is there a practical benefit to casting a NULL pointer to an object and calling one of its member fu

  - by zdawg

  Ok, so I know that technically this is undefined behavior, but nonetheless, I've seen this more than once in production code. And please correct me if I'm wrong, but I've also heard that some people use this "feature" as a somewhat legitimate substitute of a lacking aspect of the current C++ standard, namely, the inability to obtain the address (well, offset really) of a member function. For example, this is out of a popular implementation of a PCRE (Perl-compatible Regular Expression) library: #ifndef offsetof #define offsetof(p_type,field) ((size_t)&(((p_type *)0)->field)) #endif One can debate whether the exploitation of such a language subtlety in a case like this is valid or not, or even necessary, but I've also seen it used like this: struct Result { void stat() { if(this) // do something... else // do something else... } }; // ...somewhere else in the code... ((Result*)0)->stat(); This works just fine! It avoids a null pointer dereference by testing for the existence of this, and it does not try to access class members in the else block. So long as these guards are in place, it's legitimate code, right? So the question remains: Is there a practical use case, where one would benefit from using such a construct? I'm especially concerned about the second case, since the first case is more of a workaround for a language limitation. Or is it? PS. Sorry about the C-style casts, unfortunately people still prefer to type less if they can.

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• Do you know a date picker to quickly pick one day of the current week?

  - by Murmelschlurmel

  Most date pickers allow you to pick the date from a tine calendar or enter the date by hand. For example http://jqueryui.com/demos/datepicker/ This requires - two clicks (one to display the calendar and one to select the correct date) - good eyesight (usually the pop-up calendar is very small) - and good hand-eye coordination to pick the correct date in the tiny calendar with your mouse. That's no problem for power users, but a hassle for older people and computer beginners. I found a website with a different approach. It seems like their users mostly select dates of the current week. So they listed all the days of the week in a bar together with the weekday. The current day is marked in another color. There is a tiny calender icon on the right hand that opens up a regular date picker. That gives you access to all regular date picker functionality. Here is a screenshot: http://mite.yo.lk/assets/img/tour/de/zeiten-erfassen.png Do you know of any jquery plugin which has a similar feature? If not, do you any other plugin or widget which would help me speed up development ? Thank you!

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• Can Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration.EnableStatic() be used to set more than one IP address?

  - by Andrew J. Brehm

  I ran into this problem in a Visual Basic program that uses WMI but could confirm it in PowerShell. Apparently the EnableStatic() method can only be used to set one IP address, despite taking two parameters IP address(es) and subnetmask(s) that are arrays. I.e. $a=get-wmiobject win32_networkadapterconfiguration -computername myserver This gets me an array of all network adapters on "myserver". After selecting a specific one ($a=$a[14] in this case), I can run $a.EnableStatic() which has this signature System.Management.ManagementBaseObject EnableStatic(System.String[] IPAddress, System.String[] SubnetMask) I thought this implies that I could set several IP addresses like this: $ips="192.168.1.42","192.168.1.43" $a.EnableStatic($ips,"255.255.255.0") But this call fails. However, this call works: $a.EnableStatic($ips[0],"255.255.255.0") It looks to me as if EnableStatic() really takes two strings rather than two arrays of strings as parameters. In Visual Basic it's more complicated and arrays must be passed but the method appears to take into account only the first element of each array. Am I confused again or is there some logic here?

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