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• How can I prevent an unintentional DDOS running ColdFusion 8 with IIS 6?

  - by Eric Belair

  We had an interesting outage today on one of our client's websites. Out of nowhere, the website was inaccessible. The website runs by itself on a dedicated physical Windows 2000 server (probably overkill, I know, but that's a discussion for a different day). After restarting IIS and ColdFusion Application Service, the problem came back several times. My initial thought was that it was a DNS issue, which happens occasionally - the last time it happened was after Hurricane Sandy when we our ISP was out, and we had to make some network config changes. But, it was not a DNS issue. My second thought was that it was a DDOS attack, but, there's very little reason anyone would want to take this site down. When we called our ISP, the operator on the other end noted that traffic was spiking significantly. As it turned out, the client had unintentionally caused a DDOS on the website, after they FTPed a very large video file, and then mass emailed a link to it. Hundreds of people clicked the link and brought the site to its knees. I am primarily a Website Programmer, but I often have to contribute to server administration at times. Sadly, I'm the resident ColdFusion and IIS expert, but I don't have a lot of experience with this issue. What are some basic steps that I can take to prevent this from happening in the future, since we cannot always control what files the client posts to the website. Here are some ideas I had, but I'm unsure of the impact: Limit the number of connections in IIS. Put media files on a separate server (like an Amazon site, etc.). File requests of this type currently behind a server-script (i.e. /www.site.com/viewFile.cfm?fileId=1424545, where the fileId references a file off the webroot) that logs requests, and pushes the file to the browser using CFCONTENT. I could edit this script to reject requests when they exceed a certain amount in a given time-frame (i.e. a 5MB can be accessed globally 10 times in an hour). This may cause some users frustration, but, if hundreds of users are attempting to view the file, the site is going to crash anyways, as it did today, which is way more frustrating, since there is no "pretty" message explaining why they can't get to the file. I'm open to any suggestions, as I'm continuing my research to report to the CTO with the best options, so that we can put a solution into effect. Thank you.

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• Web Site Serving, Cloud-Computing, oh, my

  - by Frank

  I'm planning a software based service. To give it a bit of context (type of traffic), assume it similar to facebook in nature (with a little GitHub thrown in). I've been trying to understand my different hosting options. I've been using a shared host with GoDaddy for years just fine. I currently host a Wordpress web site there and I've not had any problems. Quite frankly, they've taken good care of me. However, the nature of a shared hosting environment is limited in nature. For example, I can't do anything but host a web site there. For example, I can not run a Mercurial server. Last time I attempted to build a web application with the intention of eventually launching it via GoDaddy, I ran in to all sorts of troubles because it was shared-hosted. Assembly issues, etc. At the time, the cost and time sank my project. (The lack of direct access was also frustrating.) (to be fair to godaddy, this was over 3 years ago) I've been looking at Rackspace or Amazon as a possible cloud solution but it seems to be just processing power and bandwidth (and an OS). From what I understand, I'd need to get Apache and MySQL Working on my own. The way cloud hosting is priced, however, seems appealing. I figure my final option might be to use a virtual private host. I think this would be more flexible than a shared-host site but less scalable than a cloud based server. So, I guess my question is what is an appropriate solution for someone who intends to build a web application service? I figure that I need to establish a hosting environment now rather than later so I can plan to effectively use the environment. I'd prefer to be fairly economical to start out with. I really can't afford to pay $999 (or even $99) while I build up the site and get the core functionality online but at the same time, I'd like to have the selected environment grow as needed. Thank you.

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• Looking for a fiber optic "switch" or "router" for home use

  - by Shrout1

  The gist of my question: What is a "fiber optic" switch called? I.E. a layer 2 ethernet switch that uses fiber TX and RX connections and sends layer 2 network traffic between the fiber strands that are connected. Can someone purchase a dedicated fiber switch that does not have copper ethernet ports? What is the current average price of a device like this? Not necessarily looking for product endorsements, just information Might not make sense to go this route if it is too cost prohibitive What type of fiber connector is used for terminating a fiber strand into a jack on the wall? Can fiber be "patched" using two jacks and a "patch" cable? Is signal loss a concern with the longest runs at 100-200ft, a patch cable and media converters? The full story: My parents had unterminated fiber optic cable and terminated Cat5e run throughout their home when it was built in 2004. 10 years later the Cat5e isn't providing the throughput that my father needs to accomplish multiple streams of HD and fast system backups throughout the house. He can't reach gigabit speeds across the distance of the Cat5e runs. We are both interested in terminating the fiber connections and using them as high speed "backbones" to copper switches in each room of the house. It would be easy to attain gigabit speeds (or better, eventually) using the fiber. I have searched and searched for a "fiber optic switch" or "fiber optic router" and cannot find the correct term to describe this piece of hardware. We can use fiber media converters at the end points of each connection, however it would be nice to have a "patch panel" set up in the network closet in the basement that has fiber connections on it and switches the ethernet streams between the connections/systems in the house. Each fiber media converter costs between $50-$100 a piece... After 10 or so terminated connections it might make sense to find a piece of hardware that does not require media converters. That would depend upon the cost of this hardware Somewhat unrelated, if we are able to route between these fiber strands successfully, what is the physical connector type used in a jack on the wall? Just like RJ45 has a wall outlet (depicted below): What is the fiber optic equivalent of this? In the interim could we "patch" a couple fiber strands together in the network closet? Would signal loss be of concern with a run length of 100-200 feet, a patch cable and two media converters? If that would work then it could be used until the funds are available for more.

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• Apache and MySQL taking all the memory? Maximum connections?

  - by lpfavreau

  I've a had one of our servers going down (network wise) but keeping its uptime (so looks the server is not losing its power) recently. I've asked my hosting company to investigate and I've been told, after investigation, that Apache and MySQL were at all time using 80% of the memory and peaking at 95% and that I might be needing to add some more RAM to the server. One of their justifications to adding more RAM was that I was using the default max connections setting (125 for MySQL and 150 for Apache) and that for handling those 150 simultaneous connections, I would need at least 3Gb of memory instead of the 1Gb I have at the moment. Now, I understand that tweaking the max connections might be better than me leaving the default setting although I didn't feel it was a concern at the moment, having had servers with the same configuration handle more traffic than the current 1 or 2 visitors before the lunch, telling myself I'd tweak it depending on the visits pattern later. I've also always known Apache was more memory hungry under default settings than its competitor such as nginx and lighttpd. Nonetheless, looking at the stats of my machine, I'm trying to see how my hosting company got those numbers. I'm getting: # free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 1000 944 56 0 148 725 -/+ buffers/cache: 71 929 Swap: 1953 0 1953 Which I guess means that yes, the server is reserving around 95% of its memory at the moment but I also thought it meant that only 71 out of the 1000 total were really used by the applications at the moment looking a the buffers/cache row. Also I don't see any swapping: # vmstat 60 procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ----cpu---- r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa 0 0 0 57612 151704 742596 0 0 1 1 3 11 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 57604 151704 742596 0 0 0 1 1 24 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 57604 151704 742596 0 0 0 2 1 18 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 57604 151704 742596 0 0 0 0 1 13 0 0 100 0 And finally, while requesting a page: top - 08:33:19 up 3 days, 13:11, 2 users, load average: 0.06, 0.02, 0.00 Tasks: 81 total, 1 running, 80 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 1.3%us, 0.3%sy, 0.0%ni, 98.3%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 1024616k total, 976744k used, 47872k free, 151716k buffers Swap: 2000052k total, 0k used, 2000052k free, 742596k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 24914 www-data 20 0 26296 8640 3724 S 2 0.8 0:00.06 apache2 23785 mysql 20 0 125m 18m 5268 S 1 1.9 0:04.54 mysqld 24491 www-data 20 0 25828 7488 3180 S 1 0.7 0:00.02 apache2 1 root 20 0 2844 1688 544 S 0 0.2 0:01.30 init ... So, I'd like to know, experts of serverfault: Do I really need more RAM at the moment? How do they calculate that for 150 simultaneous connections I'd need 3Gb? Thanks for your help!

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• Apache + Tomcat error 120006 Using mod_proxy_ajp for Load Balance

  - by Wakaru44

  I have an apache 2 frontend with two nodes, and a backend with two instances of tomcat 6 balance with mod_proxy_ajp. The bbdd is in a separate machine. All machines use RHEL, 6.2 on the frontend, 5.5 on the backend. The infraestructure is virtualized using VMware. # This is the apache config in one of the virtualHost. ProxyPreserveHost On ProxyPass / balancer://liferay/ <Proxy balancer://liferay> BalancerMember ajp://lrab:8009 route=liferaya BalancerMember ajp://lrbb:8009 route=liferayb status=+H ProxySet lbmethod=byrequests nofailover=on </Proxy> The conector in tomcat is now configured like this: <!-- Define an AJP 1.3 Connector on port 8009 --> <Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" URIEncoding="UTF-8" enableLookups="false" allowTrace="true" /> Do you think it could be useful to set a maxThreads parameter, like in this post?? in that case, How can i determine a proper number of threads? From time to time, we get errors like this [Tue Sep 18 17:57:02 2012] [error] ajp_read_header: ajp_ilink_receive failed [Tue Sep 18 17:57:02 2012] [error] (120006)APR does not understand this error code: proxy: read response failed from 192.168.1.104:8009 (lrab) And apache switches to the pasive node (if its active) or fails with 503. Some things i have tried so far: I think that i have some performance issues with one of the applications, Here you can see a threadDump But i'm not quite sure about it. I also started to monitor the network connection. I have noticed that there are some pings lost when i have a "ping -f " so maybe it could be a network issue, but the success rate is 100% (so the lost packets are only a few among the flood, but maybe, i don't know, enough to break the link betwen apache and tomcat). I wrote a python script to check connectivity with timestamps on the pings, so i can know when the network fails. After sniffing the network , i can also see some RST packets, but i don't know if that is a normal behaviour (some applications do that to end a network communication). I have also noticed that the applications have problems communicating with the database, but im not even sure if this could be related or not. If you think so, i can post more info about it. I changed the connector on the tomcats to use the native one, but still the same. I need not even a solution to this, but maybe some guidance on how can i troubleshoot this better ¿Analyze threads, monitor mysql performance, sniff the traffic between apaches and tomcats? Ultimately, all i need is to balance the tomcat instances in Active/pasive mode, so if there is another way to do it, i could give it a try.

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• TeamSpeak 3 Disconnects

  - by ArchUser

  I've recently had a few random TS3 mass disconnects and I'm am curious to know where I may find any applications that can help me determine the cause of any types of TS3 server disconnections as we plan on having many more users in the future. I run an almost empty VPS (OpenVZ) server with an ArchLinux template on it. I have 1.5/2GB of RAM, 2GHz of CPU and plenty of hard drive space, to run for the most part, just my TS3 and a low traffic apache web server. This is what I am investigating. 2011-02-04 06:07:05.130343|INFO |VirtualServer | 1| client disconnected 'Valamoor'(id:224) reason 'reasonmsg=connection lost' 2011-02-04 06:07:05.131338|INFO |VirtualServer | 1| client disconnected 'Kevrow'(id:19? reason 'reasonmsg=connection lost' 2011-02-04 06:07:05.191849|INFO |VirtualServer | 1| client disconnected 'scuba'(id:200) reason 'reasonmsg=connection lost' 2011-02-04 06:07:05.192633|INFO |VirtualServer | 1| client disconnected '[Ash] Setna'(id:75) reason 'reasonmsg=connection lost' 2011-02-04 06:07:05.193350|INFO |VirtualServer | 1| client disconnected 'Akiris'(id:254) reason 'reasonmsg=connection lost' 2011-02-04 06:07:05.194047|INFO |VirtualServer | 1| client disconnected 'Marcus'(id:25? reason 'reasonmsg=connection lost' 2011-02-04 06:07:05.194726|INFO |VirtualServer | 1| client disconnected 'Guthry'(id:275) reason 'reasonmsg=connection lost' 2011-02-04 07:18:50.327071|INFO |VirtualServer | 1| client disconnected 'Valamoor'(id:224) reason 'reasonmsg=connection lost' 2011-02-04 07:18:51.339018|INFO |VirtualServer | 1| client disconnected 'Marcus'(id:25? reason 'reasonmsg=connection lost' 2011-02-04 07:18:51.339870|INFO |VirtualServer | 1| client disconnected '[Ash] Setna'(id:75) reason 'reasonmsg=connection lost' 2011-02-04 07:18:51.340515|INFO |VirtualServer | 1| client disconnected 'Guthry'(id:275) reason 'reasonmsg=connection lost' 2011-02-05 04:55:20.797353|INFO |VirtualServer | 1| client disconnected 'JohnyRingo'(id:240) reason 'reasonmsg=connection lost' 2011-02-05 04:55:20.798517|INFO |VirtualServer | 1| client disconnected 'Maloo roots'(id:196) reason 'reasonmsg=connection lost' 2011-02-05 04:55:20.799314|INFO |VirtualServer | 1| client disconnected 'Cpt dravyn'(id:234) reason 'reasonmsg=connection lost' 2011-02-05 04:55:20.839254|INFO |VirtualServer | 1| client disconnected 'scuba'(id:200) reason 'reasonmsg=connection lost' etc... I need to determine if it is my hosting provider or my server, and what tools I can use to determine the issues. My VPS host has told me this... "I checked out the node that your VPS runs on and there is no abnormal system load, or I/O wait from the drive. I also checked the bandwidth history from the server and there have been no spikes or outages."

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• Moving from single-site to multi-site Active Directory has broken OWA proxying

  - by messick

  Originally we had the following setup: OfficeExch01 has Mailbox Role and CAS Role OfficeExch01 is in the office. CoLoExch01 had just CAS Role. CoLoExch01 is internet facing and in a CoLo. Three AD domain controllers in the default site. Users could go to https://webmail.whatever.com/owa, get proxyed to OfficeExch01 and everything was great. Well, we recently setup a separate AD site and put a domain controller and the ColoExch01 server in the new site. I also made that remote DC be a Global Catalog. Now, users get the following error: Outlook Web Access is not available. If the problem continues, contact technical support for your organization and tell them the following: There is no Microsoft Exchange Client Access server that has the necessary configuration in the Active Directory site where the mailbox is stored. I also see event 41 errors in the logs: The Client Access server "https://webmail.xxxxxxx.com/owa" attempted to proxy Outlook Web Access traffic for mailbox "/o=XXXXX/ou=Exchange Administrative Group (FYDIBOHF23SPDLT)/cn=Recipients/cn=xxxxxxk". This failed because no Client Access server with an Outlook Web Access virtual directory configured for Kerberos authentication could be found in the Active Directory site of the mailbox. The simplest way to configure an Outlook Web Access virtual directory for Kerberos authentication is to set it to use Integrated Windows authentication by using the Set-OwaVirtualDirectory cmdlet in the Exchange Management Shell, or by using the Exchange Management Console. If you already have a Client Access server deployed in the target Active Directory site with an Outlook Web Access virtual directory configured for Kerberos authentication, the proxying Client Access server may not be finding that target Client Access server because it does not have an internalUrl parameter configured. You can configure the internalUrl parameter for the Outlook Web Access virtual directory on the Client Access server in the target Active Directory site by using the Set-OwaVirtualDirectory cmdlet. Looking this up I see a lot talk about ExternalURL and InternalURL settings. However, everything worked great until we made the new AD site. I also made sure the internal CAS server's /owa virtual directory is set to use Integrated Authentication. Is there something I need to do to allow Exchange to see that I've made these AD changes?

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• Intermittent Disconnection of Client Computers from Domain Server

  - by dilip nagle

  The Background: I have Windows 2008 server Enterprise Version with 25 user cal licences. It has a domain and all users and a network shared HP printer in it. The Server has two network cards and both these cards as well as all client machines are on IP addressing scheme of 192.168.1.* with subnetmask 255.255.255.0. Of the two network cards viz. 192.168.1.231 and 192.168.1.233, only 192.168.1.231 is registered with DNS. In 192.168.1.233(i.e. 2nd network card) has default getway as 192.168.1.231 and dns address as 192.168.1.231. The Server has three hard disks with capacities as 500gb, 500gb and 1TB and are partitioned as (C,D,E), (F,G) and (K) with partition K having all user data into various Shared Folders. Each of these folders(On Partition K), are mapped onto each user's computer as per the right of access given to them. The Problem: The Server was installed about 6 months ago and till date not even once, the Server has Hung or has given any problem. All the Clients computers are able to run the web based software from their computers via ip address, e.g. http://192.168.1.231/webERP/default.aspx. However, occassionally, when any client computer tries to browse network mappings, it hangs. Again, there is no fixed pattern. This may happen after running smoothly for say 3 days. On each Client's machine, the network settings are as follows: IP Address: 192.168.1.* where * is 1,2,3 .... Sunnetmask: 255.255.255.0 defauly getway: 192.168.1.231 Which is a server card and DNS address. preferred DNS Server: 192.168.1.231 In Advanced Tab under Wins: LMHostLookup is Unticked and default is radio buttoned. Ideally, I would have loved to have Disabled NETBIOS over TCP/IP but some network printers do not get accessed if this option is enabled(ie. Radio Buttoned). Bacause Disabling Netbios will drastically reduce traffic of NETBIOS broadcasting to all the computers on the net to do naming resolution. On Server, I have WINs Running which I have Scavanged Records, verified Database Integrity etc, removed Tombstoned Records etc. The Critical Errors shown only once a day when the server is statred are 4224(WINS) and 12923 - Server Licencing failed to Update DNS Record. I fail to understand as why do client machines HANG when they try to browse mapped network shared folders on K Drive. Kindly Advice

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• Why won't vyatta allow SMTP through my firewall?

  - by Solignis

  I am setting up a vyatta router on VMware ESXi, But I see to have hit a major snag, I could not get my firewall and NAT to work correctly. I am not sure what was wrong with NAT but it "seems" to be working now. But the firewall is not allowing traffic from my WAN interface (eth0) to my LAN (eth1). I can confirm its the firewall because I disabled all firewall rules and everything worked with just NAT. If put the firewalls (WAN and LAN) back in place nothing can get through to port 25. I am not really sure what the issue could be I am using pretty basic firewall rules, I wrote the rules while looking at the vyatta docs so unless there is something odd with the documentation they "should" be working. Here is my NAT rules so far; vyatta@gateway# show service nat rule 20 { description "Zimbra SNAT #1" outbound-interface eth0 outside-address { address 74.XXX.XXX.XXX } source { address 10.0.0.17 } type source } rule 21 { description "Zimbra SMTP #1" destination { address 74.XXX.XXX.XXX port 25 } inbound-interface eth0 inside-address { address 10.0.0.17 } protocol tcp type destination } rule 100 { description "Default LAN -> WAN" outbound-interface eth0 outside-address { address 74.XXX.XXX.XXX } source { address 10.0.0.0/24 } type source } Then here is my firewall rules, this is where I believe the problem is. vyatta@gateway# show firewall all-ping enable broadcast-ping disable conntrack-expect-table-size 4096 conntrack-hash-size 4096 conntrack-table-size 32768 conntrack-tcp-loose enable ipv6-receive-redirects disable ipv6-src-route disable ip-src-route disable log-martians enable name LAN_in { rule 100 { action accept description "Default LAN -> any" protocol all source { address 10.0.0.0/24 } } } name LAN_out { } name LOCAL { rule 100 { action accept state { established enable } } } name WAN_in { rule 20 { action accept description "Allow SMTP connections to MX01" destination { address 74.XXX.XXX.XXX port 25 } protocol tcp } rule 100 { action accept description "Allow established connections back through" state { established enable } } } name WAN_out { } receive-redirects disable send-redirects enable source-validation disable syn-cookies enable SIDENOTE To test for open ports I have using this website, http://www.yougetsignal.com/tools/open-ports/, it showed port 25 as open without the firewall rules and closed with the firewall rules. UPDATE Just to see if the firewall was working properly I made a rule to block SSH from the WAN interface. When I checked for port 22 on my primary WAN address it said it was still open even though I outright blocked the port. Here is the rule I used; rule 21 { action reject destination { address 74.219.80.163 port 22 } protocol tcp } So now I am convinced either I am doing something wrong or the firewall is not working like it should.

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• Is it possible to configure a CDN so that it will step out of the way for a subset of regional IPs?

  - by rwired

  We have a website which targets customers in China, both expat and local Chinese. We have an ICP license which allows us to host in a datacenter inside China. Internet in China is actually as fast as anywhere else (faster than most places actually), so long as the content is served-up within the boundaries of the Great-Firewall. Anything that crosses the wall is horribly slow. The problem is that most expats have some sort of VPN installed so that they can access all the blocked stuff. What this means is that when they access our site, the traffic first has to go out of China through the firewall to their VPN, and then back in. The performance is terrible, worse than if we were just hosting outside of China directly (which we used to do before the ICP was issued). So I want to use a global CDN to mirror the site automatically, but I only want to deliver the content via the CDN if the user's request IP address is outside of China. Inside China I would like the content to be served by our own server. I also want to be careful with the domain names. We currently use www.xxx.com and www.xxx.cn for language selection purposes, as these perform well in SEO on Google (which the expats use), and Baidu (which the locals use). If possible I would like to avoid having one domain on the outside, and the other on the inside since not all expats use a VPN, and some Chinese speakers also use VPNs. Also some of our legitimate customers in both languages are from outside of China. I also don't want to resort to using something like www2.xxx.com/cn for the outside connection if at all possible, since I have worries about duplicate content and canonical URLs ruining our SEO (unless you know of a quick fix for that). CDNs I'm considering are: Google PageSpeed, CloudFlare, Amazon CloudFront. None of which have datacenters inside China. I have complete control of the .com DNS zone records, but the .cn zones are under the control of the domain issuing body in China. I'm not sure at this time if they would allow even a CNAME to point to an IP outside of China (although I don't see why not). They no longer allow outside registrars like they used to.

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• Video memory buswidth vs video memory Bandwidth

  - by Mixxiphoid

  My current video card (9600GT) is dying and I'm searching for a new video card. Between acquiring my current one and now, I got a lot more knowledge about hardware and I want to use that to pick my new card. So I decided to not just buy some popular card blindly, but to search for a card able to handle my hardware requirements. I searched the specs at the NVidia site for the GT640 and was confused by the memory section and some questions raised. My current card's memory bus width is 256bit and has 1GB of memory. I checked Google about the importance of bus width. And all the links basically said the same 'The higher the number the more potential simultaneously traffic can be transferred'. This was already clear to me, yet there are currently a lot of new cards which are considered better than my current one with a lower bus width. To go in more detail about my question I copied the memory info from the NVidia site: GT 640 GT640 GDDR5 Memory Specs: Memory Clock 1.8 Gbps 5.0 Gbps Standard Memory Config 2048 MB 1024 MB Memory Interface DDR3 GDDR5 Memory Interface Width 128-bit 64-bit Memory Bandwidth (GB/sec) 28.5 40.0 What puzzled me is that the Memory Bandwidth seems to me the most important part, yet the lower bus width has the higher 'performance'. Is this due to the fact the memory interface is GDDR5 and is therefore able to have a higher memory clock speed (5Gbps)? If I am to buy a new video card, should I check the bus width? Memory clock? Bandwith? Amount of memory? My current card ahs 1GB memory, so I was searching for a 2GB memory card, but now I'm not so sure any more whether that is really 'better'. My main question: To me it seems that memory performance is made up by the combination of bus width and frequency. Is this true? If yes, why are there so many sites telling me I need to get a card with a high bus width? If no, then what IS important when it goes about memory performance on a video card. NOTE: The memory bandwidth is (almost) never displayed on vendor sites. How can I determine which card is better without knowing the bandwith?

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• Forwarding RDP via a Linux machine using iptables: Not working

  - by Nimmy Lebby

  I have a Linux machine and a Windows machine behind a router that implements NAT (the diagram might be overkill, but was fun to make): I am forwarding RDP port (3389) on the router to the Linux machine because I want to audit RDP connections. For the Linux machine to forward RDP traffic, I wrote these iptables rules: iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 3389 -j DNAT --to-destination win-box iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp --dport 3389 -j ACCEPT The port is listening on the Windows machine: C:\Users\nimmy>netstat -a Active Connections Proto Local Address Foreign Address State (..snip..) TCP 0.0.0.0:3389 WIN-BOX:0 LISTENING (..snip..) And the port is forwarding on the Linux machine: # tcpdump port 3389 tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on eth0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes 01:33:11.451663 IP shieldsup.grc.com.56387 > linux-box.myapt.lan.ms-wbt-server: Flags [S], seq 94663035, win 8192, options [mss 1460], length 0 01:33:11.451846 IP shieldsup.grc.com.56387 > win-box.myapt.lan.ms-wbt-server: Flags [S], seq 94663035, win 8192, options [mss 1460], length 0 However, I am not getting any successful RDP connections from the outside. The port is not even responding: C:\Users\outside-nimmy>telnet example.com 3389 Connecting To example.com...Could not open connection to the host, on port 3389: Connect failed Any ideas? Update Per @Zhiqiang Ma, I looked at nf_conntrack proc file during a connection attempt and this is what I see (192.168.3.1 = linux-box, 192.168.3.5 = win-box): # cat /proc/net/nf_conntrack | grep 3389 ipv4 2 tcp 6 118 SYN_SENT src=4.79.142.206 dst=192.168.3.1 sport=43142 dport=3389 packets=6 bytes=264 [UNREPLIED] src=192.168.3.5 dst=4.79.142.206 sport=3389 dport=43142 packets=0 bytes=0 mark=0 secmark=0 zone=0 use=2 2nd update Got tcpdump on the router and it seems that win-box is sending an RST packet: 21:20:24.767792 IP shieldsup.grc.com.45349 > linux-box.myapt.lan.3389: S 19088743:19088743(0) win 8192 <mss 1460> 21:20:24.768038 IP shieldsup.grc.com.45349 > win-box.myapt.lan.3389: S 19088743:19088743(0) win 8192 <mss 1460> 21:20:24.770674 IP win-box.myapt.lan.3389 > shieldsup.grc.com.45349: R 721745706:721745706(0) ack 755785049 win 0 Why would Windows be doing this?

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• "Hostile" network in the company - please comment on a security setup

  - by TomTom

  I have a little specific problem here that I want (need) to solve in a satisfactory way. My company has multiple (IPv4) networks that are controlled by our router sitting in the middle. Typical smaller shop setup. There is now one additional network that has an IP Range OUTSIDE of our control, connected to the internet with another router OUTSIDE of our control. Call it a project network that is part of another companies network and combined via VPN they set up. This means: They control the router that is used for this network and They can reconfigure things so that they can access the machines in this network. The network is physically split on our end through some VLAN capable switches as it covers three locations. At one end there is the router the other company controls. I Need / want to give the machines used in this network access to my company network. In fact, it may be good to make them part of my active directory domain. The people working on those machines are part of my company. BUT - I need to do so without compromising the security of my company network from outside influence. Any sort of router integration using the externally controlled router is out by this idea So, my idea is this: We accept the IPv4 address space and network topology in this network is not under our control. We seek alternatives to integrate those machines into our company network. The 2 concepts I came up with are: Use some sort of VPN - have the machines log into VPN. Thanks to them using modern windows, this could be transparent DirectAccess. This essentially treats the other IP space not different than any restaurant network a laptop of the company goes in. Alternatively - establish IPv6 routing to this ethernet segment. But - and this is a trick - block all IPv6 packets in the switch before they hit the third party controlled router, so that even IF they turn on IPv6 on that thing (not used now, but they could do it) they would get not a single packet. The switch can nicely do that by pulling all IPv6 traffic coming to that port into a separate VLAN (based on ethernet protocol type). Anyone sees a problem with using he switch to isolate the outer from IPv6? Any security hole? It is sad we have to treat this network as hostile - would be a lot easier - but the support personnel there is of "known dubious quality" and the legal side is clear - we can not fulfill our obligations when we integrate them into our company while they are under a jurisdiction we don't have a say in.

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• Macintosh computers cannot connect to router unless we re-start the modem and router

  - by dwwilson66

  We have a small office network with DSL and a Netgear WNR-2000 wireless router acting as a DHCP server. There are nine devices connected to the router, wirelessly and wired. Whenever a Mac computer tries to connect, it's unsuccessful until we restart the router. Each of the possible devices that can connect to the network is listed in a table to assign certain IP addresses to certain MAC addresses. I am running WPA-PSK security. I can view the router status and see that the Mac's MAC address is visible to the router, but with a 169.* IP address, even though I'm assigning its MAC address to an IP address within my subnet. All non-Mac devices attached to the network connect properly, and can access the network properly even AFTER the Mac has not successfully connected. The network includes Windows devices, Roku boxes, printers and internet ready TVs. This to me, would point to a DHCP issue with how Mac communicates with my network. One interesting thing to note is that if a Mac connects and is prevented from sleeping, it will stay connected indefinitely; reissuing the security cert from the router works fine. I'm not sure if that's supposed to sever & re-establish a connection with the updated credentials or not, but I do stay connected. If the Mac sleeps and is awakened while the security cert is still valid, it connects fine. If the security certificate expires while the Mac is asleep, we need to restart the router. Restarting the router will ALWAYS assigns the proper IP addresses to the Mac equipment. I have heard anecdotally that Mac doesn't play well with 802.11n; I have not tested any other Wireless protocols. There's a couple issues here: First, I found this on Stack, Mac laptop crashing wireless router, but it's not rally applicable since the router isn't crashing. But, it does give some clues about Mac's accessing the network. I did change my encryption from WEP to WPA-PSK, but after about a week, we're still experiencing the issue. I'm not really sure if there's anything else useful in that question. Second, I'm considering getting a 802.11c router and hooking it up to the wireless N router. the 802.11c router would handle all the Mac traffic, and would be set up as a Mac-only subnet. Everything else would remain as is. However, I'm not sure if this is doable on a technology level...do I need a bridge or is this some way to do this with regular consumer gear?

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• Too many TIME_WAIT state connections!

  - by Hamza

  I've been reading about this everywhere all day, and from what I've gathered, TIME_WAIT is a relatively harmless state. It's supposed to be harmless even when there's too many. But if they're jumping to the numbers I've been seeing for the past 24 hours, something is really wrong! [root@1 ~]# netstat -nat | awk '{print $6}' | sort | uniq -c | sort -n 1 established) 1 Foreign 12 CLOSE_WAIT 15 LISTEN 64 LAST_ACK 201 FIN_WAIT2 334 CLOSING 605 ESTABLISHED 816 SYN_RECV 981 FIN_WAIT1 26830 TIME_WAIT That number fluctuates from 20,000 to 30,000+ (so far, the maximum I've seen it go is 32,000). What worries me is that they're all different IP addresses from all sorts of random locations. Now this is supposed to be (or was supposed to be) a DDoS attack. I know this for a fact, but I won't go into the boring details. It started out as a DDoS and it did impact my server's performance for a couple minutes. After that, everything was back to normal. My server load is normal. My internet traffic is normal. No server resource is being abused. My sites load fine. I also have IPTABLES disabled. There's an odd issue with that too. Every time I enable the firewall/iptables, my server starts experiencing packet loss. Lots of it. About 50%-60% packets are lost. It happens within an hour or within a few hours of enabling the firewall. As soon as I disable it, ping responses from all locations I test them from start clearing up and get stable again. Very strange. The TIME_WAIT state connections have been fluctuating at those numbers since yesterday. For 24 hours now, I've had that, and although it hasn't impacted performance in any way, it's disturbing enough. My current tcp_fin_timeout value is 30 seconds, from the default 60 seconds. However, that seems to not help, at all. Any ideas, suggestions? Anything at all would be appreciated, really!

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• How to enable caching on Apache / Ubuntu Linux?

  - by Jim Mischel

  I have a large (several megabytes) XML file that's updated rather frequently (every 10 minutes or less) and gets a lot of traffic. I'd like to implement some caching to reduce bandwidth and server load. Looking at the Apache documents, I see a dizzying array of configuration options that involve various combinations of mod_expires, mod_headers, and mod_cache (and variants). I end up running in circles and the results aren't what I expect. I'm comfortable editing the various configuration files if I have some idea what I'm supposed to change. But at the moment I'm poking around in the dark and that's never a comfortable feeling. So, perhaps if I describe what I want, somebody here can take me by the hand and say, "This is what you need to do." Periodically, this file, call it "stuff.xml" is updated and a new version copied to the directory. The external url would be, for example, http://example.com/stuff.xml. Understand, this part works. Whenever I request the file, I get the expected result. But the file is big and I want to save bandwidth, so first I'd like to implement conditional GET semantics with the If-Modified-Since header. How do I do this? I've enabled mod_headers and mod_expired and added the <FilesMatching> section in my httpd.conf as recommended in countless examples I've seen online, but that didn't change the behavior when made a conditional GET request. I always get a status 200 with the entire document. So how the heck do I implement this? That'll cut down on neeless transfers. I'd also like to limit the amount of data transferred. Seeing as this is XML, gzipping it should save me 50% or more. My next step would be to somehow gzip the file and, if it's not too difficult, store it in memory. That'll cut down on per-access data transfer, and also reduce disk transfers. So how do I implement this type of caching? Thanks in advance.

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• Windows 8 ignores more specific route

  - by Lander

  OS: Windows 8 I have a cabled NIC (connected to router with ip 192.168.1.0) and a WIFI NIC (connected to a router with ip 192.168.1.1) . I want all traffic to go through the cabled NIC, except the 192.168.1.0/8 range should use the wifi-nic. This was working fine in Windows 7, without any manual configuration. In Windows 8 however, it's not. My routing table: =========================================================================== Interface List 14...f2 7b cb 13 e7 f0 ......Microsoft Wi-Fi Direct Virtual Adapter 13...b8 ac 6f 54 d2 5c ......Realtek PCIe FE Family Controller 12...f0 7b cb 13 e7 f0 ......Dell Wireless 1397 WLAN Mini-Card 1...........................Software Loopback Interface 1 15...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft ISATAP Adapter 16...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Teredo Tunneling Pseudo-Interface =========================================================================== IPv4 Route Table =========================================================================== Active Routes: Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.198 30 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.233 20 127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 127.0.0.1 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 127.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0 On-link 192.168.0.233 276 192.168.0.233 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.0.233 276 192.168.0.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.0.233 276 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.198 31 192.168.1.198 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.1.198 286 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 192.168.0.233 276 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 192.168.1.198 286 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.0.233 276 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.1.198 286 =========================================================================== Persistent Routes: None I added the rule for 192.168.1.0. I would think Windows should use this rule for the IP 192.168.1.1 because it's more specific than the default-route. However it's not: C:\Windows\system32>tracert 192.168.1.1 Tracing route to 192.168.1.1 over a maximum of 30 hops 1 58 ms 4 ms 4 ms 192.168.0.1 2 68 ms 12 ms 11 ms ^C So... What do I do wrong? And how can I make Windows use the wireless NIC for 192.168.1.0/8

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• HAproxy roundrobin balancing does not appear to be distributing evently

  - by andrew

  Hello, I know that with loaded servers, roundrobin in HAproxy (1.4.4) does not evenly distribute, but my servers are currently getting NO traffic (test setup), and roundrobin balancing does www1,www1,www1,www1,www1,...www2,www2,www2,...,www1... I'm verifying this by having the script being run on each server cat /etc/HOSTNAME (slackware). I need to have it switch back and forth each time to test some session stuff (stored in shared memcached) but am having trouble getting it to switch between my two web servers on each request. global log 127.0.0.1 local0 warning maxconn 4096 chroot /usr/share/haproxy pidfile /var/run/haproxy.pid uid 99 gid 99 daemon defaults balance roundrobin fullconn 100 maxconn 4096 mode http option dontlognull option http-server-close option forwardfor option redispatch retries 3 timeout connect 5000 timeout client 20000 timeout server 60000 timeout queue 60000 stats enable stats uri /haproxy stats auth ***:*** frontend www *:80 log global acl is_upload hdr_dom(host) -i uploads.site.com acl is_api hdr_dom(host) -i api.site.com acl is_dev hdr_dom(host) -i dev.site.com acl is_apidev hdr_dom(host) -i apidev.site.com use_backend uploads.site.com if is_upload use_backend api.site.com if is_api use_backend dev.site.com if is_dev !is_apidev default_backend site.com backend site.com option httpchk HEAD /alive.php HTTP/1.1\r\nHost:site.com server www1 1.1.1.1:8080 weight 10 minconn 5 maxconn 25 check inter 2000 rise 2 fall 2 server www2 1.1.1.2:8080 weight 10 minconn 5 maxconn 25 check inter 2000 rise 2 fall 2 backend api.site.com option httpchk HEAD /alive.php HTTP/1.1\r\nHost:api.site.com server www1 1.1.1.1:8080 weight 10 minconn 5 maxconn 25 check inter 2000 rise 2 fall 2 server www2 1.1.1.2:8080 weight 10 minconn 5 maxconn 25 check inter 2000 rise 2 fall 2 backend dev.site.com option httpchk HEAD /alive.php HTTP/1.1\r\nHost:dev.site.com server www1 1.1.1.1:8080 weight 10 minconn 5 maxconn 25 check inter 2000 rise 2 fall 2 server www2 1.1.1.2:8080 weight 10 minconn 5 maxconn 25 check inter 2000 rise 2 fall 2 backend uploads.site.com option httpchk HEAD /alive.php HTTP/1.1\r\nHost:uploads.site.com server www1 1.1.1.1:8080 weight 10 minconn 5 maxconn 25 check inter 2000 rise 2 fall 2 server www2 1.1.1.2:8080 backup weight 10 minconn 5 maxconn 25 check inter 2000 rise 2 fall 2 So basically, I have some different back-ends (I've verified the ACLs are working), with the default option "roundrobin" selected. I've tried removing weights, removing the minconn/maxconn/fullconn attributes for all servers (not just the backend I'm testing), tried removing the ACLs, etc. I've been testing on dev.site.com BTW. Anyone see a reason why I can't get something like www1,www2,www1,www2,...? Also, this is one of my first questions on here, so please let me know if I left anything needed out of my post. Thanks!

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• iptables & allowed port refusing connection

  - by marfarma

  Can you see what I'm doing wrong? On Ubuntu Server 9.1, I'm attempting to allow traffic on port 1143 for a non-privileged IMAP host. Connection is refused when testing with telnet example.com 1143 but connection is allowed testing with telnet example.com 80 from my pc to remote internet hosted server. Both rules appear identical and are located near each other with no rules rejecting connections intervening in the rules file. I can't figure it out. iptables -L returns this: Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination ACCEPT all -- anywhere anywhere REJECT all -- anywhere 127.0.0.0/8 reject-with icmp-port-unreachable ACCEPT all -- anywhere anywhere state RELATED,ESTABLISHED ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:www ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:https ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:http-alt ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:7070 ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:1143 ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere state NEW tcp dpt:ssh ACCEPT icmp -- anywhere anywhere icmp echo-request LOG all -- anywhere anywhere limit: avg 5/min burst 5 LOG level debug prefix `iptables denied: ' REJECT all -- anywhere anywhere reject-with icmp-port-unreachable Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination REJECT all -- anywhere anywhere reject-with icmp-port-unreachable Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination ACCEPT all -- anywhere anywhere and my rules file contains this: # Generated by iptables-save v1.4.4 on Wed May 26 19:08:34 2010 *nat :PREROUTING ACCEPT [3556:217296] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [6909:414847] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [6909:414847] -A PREROUTING -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 8080 -A PREROUTING -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 8080 COMMIT # Completed on Wed May 26 19:08:34 2010 # Generated by iptables-save v1.4.4 on Wed May 26 19:08:34 2010 *filter :INPUT ACCEPT [1:52] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [1:212] -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -d 127.0.0.0/8 ! -i lo -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-port-unreachable -A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 8080 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 7070 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 1143 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p icmp -m icmp --icmp-type 8 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m limit --limit 5/min -j LOG --log-prefix "iptables denied: " --log-level 7 -A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-port-unreachable -A FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-port-unreachable -A OUTPUT -j ACCEPT COMMIT # Completed on Wed May 26 19:08:34 2010

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• Netcat file transfer problem

  - by thepurplepixel

  I have two custom scripts I just wrote to facilitate transferring files between my VPS and my home server. They are both written in bash (short & sweet): To send: #!/bin/bash SENDFILE=$1 PORT=$2 HOST='<my house>' HOSTIP=`host $HOST | grep "has address" | cut --delimiter=" " -f 4` echo Transferring file \"$SENDFILE\" to $HOST \($HOSTIP\). tar -c "$SENDFILE" | pv -c -N tar -i 0.5 | lzma -z -c -6 | pv -c -N lzma -i 0.5 | nc -q 1 $HOSTIP $PORT echo Done. To receive: #!/bin/bash SERVER='<myserver>' SERVERIP=`host $SERVER | grep "has address" | cut --delimiter=" " -f 4` PORT=$1 echo Receiving file from $SERVER \($SERVERIP\) on port $PORT. nc -l $PORT | pv -c -N netcat -i 0.5 | lzma -d -c | pv -c -N lzma -i 0.5 | tar -xf - echo Done. The problem is that, for a very quick second, I see something flash along the lines of "Connection Refused" (before pv overwrites it), and no file is ever transferred. The port is forwarded through my router, and nmap confirms it: ~$ sudo nmap -sU -PN -p55515 -v <my house> Starting Nmap 5.00 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2010-04-21 18:10 EDT NSE: Loaded 0 scripts for scanning. Initiating Parallel DNS resolution of 1 host. at 18:10 Completed Parallel DNS resolution of 1 host. at 18:10, 0.00s elapsed Initiating UDP Scan at 18:10 Scanning 74.13.25.94 [1 port] Completed UDP Scan at 18:10, 2.02s elapsed (1 total ports) Host 74.13.25.94 is up. Interesting ports on 74.13.25.94: PORT STATE SERVICE 55515/udp open|filtered unknown Read data files from: /usr/share/nmap Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 2.08 seconds Raw packets sent: 2 (56B) | Rcvd: 5 (260B) Also, running netcat normally doesn't work either: squircle@summit:~$ netcat <my house> 55515 <my house> [<my IP>] 55515 (?) : Connection refused Both boxes are Ubuntu Karmic (9.10). The receiver has no firewall, and outbound traffic on that port is allowed on the sender. I have no idea what to troubleshoot next. Any ideas? P.S.: Feel free to move this to SO/SF if you feel it would fit better there.

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• dd-wrt router firmware QoS troubleshooting

  - by Jeff Atwood

  I've been using the dd-wrt firmware on my router and I like it a lot! But -- I'm not sure the quality of service (QoS) is working on it. I have it set up as follows: http, port 80 -- Premium bittorrent, port 6969 -- Bulk https, port 443 -- Premium dns, port 53 -- Premium Per the QoS documentation, these levels are: bandwidth is allocated based on the following percentages of uplink and downlink values for each class: Exempt: 100mbps - ignores global limits. Premium: 75% - 100% Express: 15% - 100% Standard: 10% - 100% Bulk: 1.5% - 100% This doesn't entirely seem to work, though -- with busy torrents going I get major pauses in my web browsing which sucks! The QoS documentation gives some steps to check the QoS ... What you'll be interested to look at will be the first set of source and destination IP, including the port numbers. Next the presence of l7proto and the "mark" field. The entries indicate the current live connection QoS priority applied on them based on the "mark" field. The "mark" values correspond to the following Exempt: 100 Premium: 10 Express: 20 Standard: 30 Bulk: 40 (no QoS matched): 0 You may see "mark=0" for some l7proto service even though they are in configured in the list of QoS rules. This may mean that the layer 7 pattern matching system didn't match a new or changed header for that protocol. Custom service on port matches will usually take care of these. On port 6969 (bittorrent) I see a weird mixture of stuff with mark=0 and mark=40 like so cat /proc/net/ip_conntrack udp 17 105 src=98.162.182.42 dst=1.2.3.4 sport=64512 dport=6969 packets=3 bytes=290 src=10.0.0.2 dst=98.162.182.42 sport=6969 dport=64512 packets=4 bytes=202 [ASSURED] mark=0 secmark=0 use=1 tcp 6 117 TIME_WAIT src=98.248.173.174 dst=1.2.3.4 sport=51114 dport=6969 packets=12 bytes=704 src=10.0.0.2 dst=98.248.173.174 sport=6969 dport=51114 packets=10 bytes=440 [ASSURED] mark=40 secmark=0 use=1 tcp 6 598 ESTABLISHED src=165.132.128.201 dst=1.2.3.4 sport=57218 dport=6969 packets=8024 bytes=9919881 src=10.0.0.2 dst=165.132.128.201 sport=6969 dport=57218 packets=4211 bytes=239607 [ASSURED] mark=0 secmark=0 use=1 tcp 6 586 ESTABLISHED src=68.46.9.24 dst=1.2.3.4 sport=64688 dport=6969 packets=6 bytes=490 src=10.0.0.2 dst=68.46.9.24 sport=6969 dport=64688 packets=8 bytes=944 [ASSURED] mark=40 secmark=0 use=1 udp 17 45 src=222.254.228.38 dst=1.2.3.4 sport=25438 dport=6969 packets=5 bytes=454 src=10.0.0.2 dst=222.254.228.38 sport=6969 dport=25438 packets=3 bytes=154 [ASSURED] mark=0 secmark=0 use=1 ( full file visible at http://pastebin.com/AZE6EtWm ) I've been playing around with this log for a little while and I can't see any patterns! Why is some port 6969 bittorrent traffic tagged mark=0 (not matched) by dd-wrt's QoS while others are tagged mark=40 (Bulk) .. any ideas?

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• Ubuntu with KVM guest VM and broken bridges

  - by MadPsy

  I have an Ubuntu box with a KVM guest VM running. They use bridging so the guest VM attaches to the physical network of its host. The guest VM has 2 NICs in 2 different bridges. First NIC of the VM is tap5 and is in bridge br0 br0 8000.46720f5c572e no eth0.500 tap5 Second NIC of the VM is tap2 and is in bridge br100 br100 8000.76ad2fc96661 no eth0.100 eth0.101 eth0.103 eth0.104 eth0.105 tap2 On the host, br0 has an IP and br100 does not 21: br0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP link/ether 46:72:0f:5c:57:2e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.100.4/24 brd 192.168.10.255 scope global br0 inet6 fe80::d6ae:52ff:febe:777/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever On the guest, its eth0 and eth1 interfaces both have IP addresses 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:3e:61:fb:7a:da brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.100.6/24 brd 192.168.100.255 scope global eth0 inet6 fe80::23e:61ff:fefb:7ada/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:3e:61:fb:7a:ea brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 172.16.50.129/25 brd 172.16.50.255 scope global eth1 inet6 fe80::23e:61ff:fefb:7aea/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever On the guest VM, a tcpdump of its eth1 interface (tap2) shows traffic from its eth0 interface (tap5), as if the 2 bridges are themselves bridged. This means any interface on br100 is now bridged across to br0 - which is completely broken. root@chillispot:~# tcpdump -c 1 -n -v -i eth1 net 192.168.100.0/24 tcpdump: listening on eth1, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes 16:31:24.175583 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 48054, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 148) 192.168.100.6.22 > 192.168.100.4.59505: Flags [P.], cksum 0x6c2b (correct), seq 1056321648:1056321744, ack 398642983, win 1700, options [nop,nop,TS val 197473436 ecr 200655363], length 96 What could be bridging the 2 bridges, except the guest VM (which is a stock Ubuntu install)? I am at a complete loss! Thanks.

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• Apache server completely freezes until it gets restarted

  - by nbv4

  My server does this every few days. What sucks is that it always seems to do this right after I go to bed, so when I wake up, I'm greeted with the fact that my server has been down for the past 6 or 7 hours. When I first noticed this, I added a cronjob that tries to restart the server every 15 minutes, but I guess that didn't fix it. Once I noticed the server was down, I can this command: /etc/init.d/apache2 restart * Restarting web server apache2 apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.0.1 for ServerName ... waiting ...........................................................apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.0.1 for ServerName httpd (pid 17597) already running ...which is odd, because a restart should restart the server, even if it's already running, correct? I eventually had to "stop" then "start" to get it working again. I then looked through the logs, and found something very weird. It seems that around the time the server crashed, the logs have entries that are wildly out of order. It looks a little like this: xx.xxx.xxx.x - - [21/Apr/2010:06:32:05 -0400] "GET / blah" xx.xxx.xxx.x - - [21/Apr/2010:06:51:25 -0400] "GET / blah" x.xx.xxx.xxx - - [21/Apr/2010:06:38:23 -0400] "GET / blah" xxx.xx.xx.xx - - [21/Apr/2010:06:31:56 -0400] "GET / blah" xxx.xx.xx.xx - - [21/Apr/2010:06:51:49 -0400] "GET / blah" xx.xx.xxx.xx - - [21/Apr/2010:06:33:20 -0400] "GET / blah" I don't think the problem is memory, because this: tells me that right before the crash, memory usage is fine. I'm running apache with the worker mpm, here are the settings for that: <IfModule mpm_worker_module> StartServers 1 MaxClients 100 MinSpareThreads 5 MaxSpareThreads 10 ThreadsPerChild 10 MaxRequestsPerChild 3000 </IfModule> This apache server is running a bunch of stuff, but most of the traffic comes from a django project I'm hosting, that uses mod_wsgi. There also is a simple machines forum that is running off of mod_fcgid. Those setting are below: <IfModule mod_fcgid.c> MaxRequestsPerProcess 500 MaxProcessCount 3 AddHandler fcgid-script .php .fcgi AddHandler cgi-script .cgi .pl FCGIWrapper "/usr/bin/php-cgi" .php </IfModule> Anyone know of anything else I can check? I've just about tweaked every single setting I can think of, yet these freezes still happen.

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• FreeBSD jail with IPFW with loopback - unable to connect loopback interface

  - by khinester

  I am trying to configure a one IP jail with loopback interface, but I am unsure how to configure the IPFW rules to allow traffic to pass between the jail and the network card on the server. I have followed http://blog.burghardt.pl/2009/01/multiple-freebsd-jails-sharing-one-ip-address/ and https://forums.freebsd.org/viewtopic.php?&t=30063 but without success, here is what i have in my ipfw.rules # vim /usr/local/etc/ipfw.rules ext_if="igb0" jail_if="lo666" IP_PUB="192.168.0.2" IP_JAIL_WWW="10.6.6.6" NET_JAIL="10.6.6.0/24" IPF="ipfw -q add" ipfw -q -f flush #loopback $IPF 10 allow all from any to any via lo0 $IPF 20 deny all from any to 127.0.0.0/8 $IPF 30 deny all from 127.0.0.0/8 to any $IPF 40 deny tcp from any to any frag # statefull $IPF 50 check-state $IPF 60 allow tcp from any to any established $IPF 70 allow all from any to any out keep-state $IPF 80 allow icmp from any to any # open port ftp (20,21), ssh (22), mail (25) # ssh (22), , dns (53) etc $IPF 120 allow tcp from any to any 21 out $IPF 130 allow tcp from any to any 22 in $IPF 140 allow tcp from any to any 22 out $IPF 150 allow tcp from any to any 25 in $IPF 160 allow tcp from any to any 25 out $IPF 170 allow udp from any to any 53 in $IPF 175 allow tcp from any to any 53 in $IPF 180 allow udp from any to any 53 out $IPF 185 allow tcp from any to any 53 out # HTTP $IPF 300 skipto 63000 tcp from any to me http,https setup keep-state $IPF 300 skipto 63000 tcp from any to me http,https setup keep-state # deny and log everything $IPF 500 deny log all from any to any # NAT $IPF 63000 divert natd ip from any to any via $jail_if out $IPF 63000 divert natd ip from any to any via $jail_if in but when i create a jail as: # ezjail-admin create -f continental -c zfs node 10.6.6.7 /usr/jails/node/. /usr/jails/node/./etc /usr/jails/node/./etc/resolv.conf /usr/jails/node/./etc/ezjail.flavour.continental /usr/jails/node/./etc/rc.d /usr/jails/node/./etc/rc.conf 4 blocks find: /usr/jails/node/pkg/: No such file or directory Warning: IP 10.6.6.7 not configured on a local interface. Warning: Some services already seem to be listening on all IP, (including 10.6.6.7) This may cause some confusion, here they are: root syslogd 1203 6 udp6 *:514 *:* root syslogd 1203 7 udp4 *:514 *:* i get these warning and then when i go into the jail environment, i am unable to install any ports. any advice much appreciated.

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• What is good usage scenario for Rackspace Cloud Files CDN (powered by AKAMAI) [closed]

  - by Andrew Smith

  I have just setup my website as static page via Rackspace CDN / Akamai. www.example.co.uk is an alias for d9771e6f24423091aebc-345678991111238fabcdef6114258d0e1.r61.cf3.rackcdn.com. d9771e6f24423091aebc-345678991111238fabcdef6114258d0e1.r61.cf3.rackcdn.com is an alias for a61.rackcdn.com. a61.rackcdn.com is an alias for a61.rackcdn.com.mdc.edgesuite.net. a61.rackcdn.com.mdc.edgesuite.net is an alias for a63.dscg10.akamai.net. a63.dscg10.akamai.net has address 63.166.98.41 a63.dscg10.akamai.net has address 63.166.98.40 a63.dscg10.akamai.net has IPv6 address 2001:428:4c02::cda8:ecb9 a63.dscg10.akamai.net has IPv6 address 2001:428:4c02::cda8:ed09 The HTTP header: HTTP/1.0 200 OK Last-Modified: Fri, 19 Oct 2012 23:27:41 GMT ETag: fdf9e14b77def799e09e8ce815a521da X-Timestamp: 1350689261.23382 Content-Type: text/html X-Trans-Id: tx457979be3bd746c2b4e5403a1189cdbc Cache-Control: public, max-age=900 Expires: Sat, 27 Oct 2012 22:18:56 GMT Date: Sat, 27 Oct 2012 22:03:56 GMT Content-Length: 7124 Connection: keep-alive I am wondering, if it's really the fastest solution to power the website? By investigating it thru http://www.just-ping.com/ it seems, that from many places the ping is very high, and during quick investigation I found that they use GeoIP to resolve addresses based on WHOIS, which is not accurate and because of that from many places the ping is above 300ms (for example, if ISP is in balgladore and request is routed to bangladore even if it's 300ms, for period of 1 month), while by just using Amazon Web Services and Route 53 Anycast DNS servers and only 4 EC2 instances it seems that for example India is always below 100ms, while using Akamai it goes above 300ms in some cases, and this is because Route 53 is using BGP. By quickly checking the Akamai, it seems that they are not getting feedback from the traffic - the high ping stays constant even if I keep downloading large files and videos, which is opposite to what they say on their website. They state, that they optimize the performance by taking feedback from the requests, while it seems they just use GeoIP with per City resolution (which are mostly big cities). Because of this, AWS with Route 53 / Anycast DNS seems to be much more reliable, as well EdgeCast which is using BGP, but I dont know how much does it cost to deploy static website. Actually, I dont know if EdgeCast is not a lie, because from isolated places there are many errors - so their performance is at the cost of quality of delivery, because of BGP switching the routes during transfer of large files. So I was wondering, what is really Akamai good for, because they dont seem to pose any strength in any field in what I do understand now, except they offer some software based WAF on their website, but what I really care about is the core distribiution, so the question is? Is really Akamai good for Videos? For static websites? ??? I found so far AWS most usable with most consistent ping and stable transfers.

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