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  • Can anyone explain me the source code of python "import this"?

    - by byterussian
    If you open a Python interpreter, and type "import this", as you know, it prints: The Zen of Python, by Tim Peters Beautiful is better than ugly. Explicit is better than implicit. Simple is better than complex. Complex is better than complicated. Flat is better than nested. Sparse is better than dense. Readability counts. Special cases aren't special enough to break the rules. Although practicality beats purity. Errors should never pass silently. Unless explicitly silenced. In the face of ambiguity, refuse the temptation to guess. There should be one-- and preferably only one --obvious way to do it. Although that way may not be obvious at first unless you're Dutch. Now is better than never. Although never is often better than *right* now. If the implementation is hard to explain, it's a bad idea. If the implementation is easy to explain, it may be a good idea. Namespaces are one honking great idea -- let's do more of those! In the python source(Lib/this.py) this text is generated by a curios piece of code: s = """Gur Mra bs Clguba, ol Gvz Crgref Ornhgvshy vf orggre guna htyl. Rkcyvpvg vf orggre guna vzcyvpvg. Fvzcyr vf orggre guna pbzcyrk. Pbzcyrk vf orggre guna pbzcyvpngrq. Syng vf orggre guna arfgrq. Fcnefr vf orggre guna qrafr. Ernqnovyvgl pbhagf. Fcrpvny pnfrf nera'g fcrpvny rabhtu gb oernx gur ehyrf. Nygubhtu cenpgvpnyvgl orngf chevgl. Reebef fubhyq arire cnff fvyragyl. Hayrff rkcyvpvgyl fvyraprq. Va gur snpr bs nzovthvgl, ershfr gur grzcgngvba gb thrff. Gurer fubhyq or bar-- naq cersrenoyl bayl bar --boivbhf jnl gb qb vg. Nygubhtu gung jnl znl abg or boivbhf ng svefg hayrff lbh'er Qhgpu. Abj vf orggre guna arire. Nygubhtu arire vf bsgra orggre guna *evtug* abj. Vs gur vzcyrzragngvba vf uneq gb rkcynva, vg'f n onq vqrn. Vs gur vzcyrzragngvba vf rnfl gb rkcynva, vg znl or n tbbq vqrn. Anzrfcnprf ner bar ubaxvat terng vqrn -- yrg'f qb zber bs gubfr!""" d = {} for c in (65, 97): for i in range(26): d[chr(i+c)] = chr((i+13) % 26 + c) print "".join([d.get(c, c) for c in s])

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  • Python: How do I create a reference to a reference?

    - by KCArpe
    Hi, I am traditionally a Perl and C++ programmer, so apologies in advance if I am misunderstanding something trivial about Python! I would like to create a reference to a reference. Huh? Ok. All objects in Python are actually references to the real object. So, how do I create a reference to this reference? Why do I need/want this? I am overriding sys.stdout and sys.stderr to create a logging library. I would like a (second-level) reference to sys.stdout. If I could create a reference to a reference, then I could create a generic logger class where the init function receives a reference to a file handle reference that will be overrided, e.g., sys.stdout or sys.stderr. Currently, I must hard-code both values. Cheers, Kevin

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  • PyQt4: Why does Python crash on close when using QTreeWidgetItem?

    - by Rini
    I'm using Python 3.1.1 and PyQt4 (not sure how to get that version number?). Python is crashing whenever I exit my application. I've seen this before as a garbage collection issue, but this time I'm not sure how to correct the problem. This code crashes: import sys from PyQt4 import QtGui class MyWindow(QtGui.QMainWindow): def __init__(self, parent=None): QtGui.QMainWindow.__init__(self, parent) self.tree = QtGui.QTreeWidget(self) self.setCentralWidget(self.tree) QtGui.QTreeWidgetItem(self.tree) # This line is the problem self.show() app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv) mw = MyWindow() sys.exit(app.exec_()) If I remove the commented line, the code exits without a problem. If I remove the 'self.tree' parent from the initialization, the code exits without a problem. If I try to use self.tree.addTopLevelItem, the code crashes again. What could be the problem?

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  • Identifying that a variable is a new-style class in Python?

    - by Dave Johansen
    I'm using Python 2.x and I'm wondering if there's a way to tell if a variable is a new-style class? I know that if it's an old-style class that I can do the following to find out. import types class oldclass: pass def test(): o = oldclass() if type(o) is types.InstanceType: print 'Is old-style' else: print 'Is NOT old-style' But I haven't been able to find anything that works for new-style classes. I found this question, but the proposed solutions don't seem to work as expected, because simple values as are identified as classes. import inspect def newclass(object): pass def test(): n = newclass() if inspect.isclass(n): print 'Is class' else: print 'Is NOT class' if inspect.isclass(type(n)): print 'Is class' else: print 'Is NOT class' if inspect.isclass(type(1)): print 'Is class' else: print 'Is NOT class' if isinstance(n, object): print 'Is class' else: print 'Is NOT class' if isinstance(1, object): print 'Is class' else: print 'Is NOT class' So is there anyway to do something like this? Or is everything in Python just a class and there's no way to get around that?

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  • Is it possible to detect when the system is recording a sound and then perform some action on Python

    - by Jorge
    I began learning Python a few days ago, and i was wondering about a practical use for a program. Then i came up with the following: if my brother is in his room recording himself playing guitar, a led plugged to the usb and wired so it's outside his door lights up, and then i'll know he's recording and i'll take care not to make any noises. The main questions are: How Python can detect any recording going on in the system? How would i interface with the usb so i can actually turn the led on?

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  • Sending the variable's content to my mailbox in Python?

    - by brilliant
    I have asked this question here about a Python command that fetches a URL of a web page and stores it in a variable. The first thing that I wanted to know then was whether or not the variable in this code contains the HTML code of a web-page: from google.appengine.api import urlfetch url = "http://www.google.com/" result = urlfetch.fetch(url) if result.status_code == 200: doSomethingWithResult(result.content) The answer that I received was "yes", i.e. the variable "result" in the code did contain the HTML code of a web page, and the programmer who was answering said that I needed to "check the Content-Type header and verify that it's either text/html or application/xhtml+xml". I've looked through several Python tutorials, but couldn't find anything about headers. So my question is where is this Content-Type header located and how can I check it? Could I send the content of that variable directly to my mailbox? Here is where I got this code. It's on Google App Engines.

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  • Why connection in Python's DB-API does not have "begin" operation?

    - by newtover
    Working with cursors in mysql-python I used to call "BEGIN;", "COMMIT;", and "ROLLBACK;" explicitly as follows: try: cursor.execute("BEGIN;") # some statements cursor.execute("COMMIT;") except: cursor.execute("ROLLBACK;") then, I found out that the underlying connection object has the corresponding methods: try: cursor.connection.begin() # some statements cursor.connection.commit() except: cursor.connection.rollback() Inspecting the DB-API PEP I found out that it does not mention the begin() method for the connection object, even for the extensions. Mysql-python, by the way, throws the Deprecation Warning, when you use the method. sqlite3.connection, for example, does not have the methd at all. And the question is why there is no such method in the PEP? Is the statement somehow optional, is it enough to invoke commit() instead?

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  • How to import *.pyc file from different version of python?

    - by Almog
    Hello, I used python 2.5 and imported a file named "irit.py" from C:\util\Python25\Lib\site-packages directory. This files imports the file "_irit.pyc which is in the same directory. It worked well and did what I wanted. Than, I tried the same thing with python version 2.6.4. "irit.py" which is in C:\util\Python26\Lib\site-packages was imported, but "_irit.pyc" (which is in the same directory of 26, like before) hasn't been found. I got the error message: File "C:\util\Python26\lib\site-packages\irit.py", line 5, in import _irit ImportError: DLL load failed: The specified module could not be found. Can someone help me understand the problem and how to fix it?? Thanks, Almog.

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  • How do I read CalDAV objects from Google using python/django?

    - by user60626
    I've looked at vObject, iCalendar and the official list of CalDAV libraries, including 3 in python. However, I can't find any code that can get me an event object from a given CalDAV (i.e. google, exchange, etc.) server using a username/password. Most of the django calendar related code uses native code libraries and not WebDAV. An ideal python CalDAV client example would 1) use a given uid/pw, 2) obtain primary calendar and 3) obtain next appointment information (i.e. subject, location, start, end, etc.) Thanks!

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  • Why can't I install psycopg2? (Python 2.6.4, PostgreSQL 8.4, OS X 10.6)

    - by cojadate
    After running python setup.py install I get the following: Warning: Unable to find 'pg_config' filebuilding 'psycopg2._psycopg' extension gcc-4.0 -arch ppc -arch i386 -fno-strict-aliasing -fno-common -dynamic -DNDEBUG -g -O3 - DPSYCOPG_DEFAULT_PYDATETIME=1 -DPSYCOPG_VERSION="2.2.1 (dt dec ext pq3)" -DPSYCOPG_EXTENSIONS=1 -DPSYCOPG_NEW_BOOLEAN=1 -DHAVE_PQFREEMEM=1 -DHAVE_PQPROTOCOL3=1 -I/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/include/python2.6 -I. -c psycopg/psycopgmodule.c -o build/temp.macosx-10.3-fat-2.6/psycopg/psycopgmodule.o unable to execute gcc-4.0: No such file or directory error: command 'gcc-4.0' failed with exit status 1 There's probably something screamingly obvious there to anyone who knows the first thing about back-end web programming, but unfortunately it's all gobbledegook to me. The psycopg2 documentation was not helpful.

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  • Python: Is there a way to get HTML that was dynamically created by Javascript?

    - by Joschua
    As far as I can tell, this is the case for LyricWikia. The lyrics (example) can be accessed from the browser, but can't be found in the source code (can be opened with CTRL + U in most browsers) or reading the contents of the site with Python: from urllib.request import urlopen URL = 'http://lyrics.wikia.com/Billy_Joel:Piano_Man' r = urlopen(URL).read().decode('utf-8') And the test: >>> 'Now John at the bar is a friend of mine' in r False >>> 'John' in r False But when you select and look at the source code of the box in which the lyrics are displayed, you can see that there is: <div class="lyricbox">[...]</div> Is there a way to get the contents of that div-element with Python?

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  • [Python] How do I read binary pickle data first, then unpickle it?

    - by conradlee
    I'm unpickling a NetworkX object that's about 1GB in size on disk. Although I saved it in the binary format (using protocol 2), it is taking a very long time to unpickle this file---at least half an hour. The system I'm running on has plenty of system memory (128 GB), so that's not the bottleneck. I've read here that pickling can be sped up by first reading the entire file into memory, and then unpickling it (that particular thread refers to python 3.0, which I'm not using, but the point should still be true in python 2.6). How do I first read the binary file, and then unpickle it? I have tried: import cPickle as pickle f = open("big_networkx_graph.pickle","rb") bin_data = f.read() graph_data = pickle.load(bin_data) But this returns: TypeError: argument must have 'read' and 'readline' attributes Any ideas?

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  • What is the advantage of using static methods in Python?

    - by Curious2learn
    I ran into unbound method error in python with the code class Sample(object): '''This class defines various methods related to the sample''' def drawSample(samplesize,List): sample=random.sample(List,samplesize) return sample Choices=range(100) print Sample.drawSample(5,Choices) After reading many helpful posts here, I figured how I could add @staticmethod above to get the code working. I am python newbie. Can someone please explain why one would want to define static methods? Or, why are not all methods defined as static methods. Thanks in advance.

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  • How do I get python to load .NET .dlls referenced by mixed mode .dlls?

    - by Michael Kelley
    I have a python .pyd that is a mixed mode C++ DLL. The DLL loads fine and loads unmanaged C++ dlls without a problem, but when it tries to load the .NET dlls referenced by the managed C++ dlls it fails with this error message: Unhandled Exception: System.IO.FileNotFoundException: Could not load file or assembly '...' Copying these .NET dlls to the directory that pythod_d.exe is contained in allows the .NET libraries to load successfully, but this is not a good long term solution. Is there an environment variable I have to set or some command line option to python_d.exe that will solve my problem? Note that using IronPython or Python .NET is NOT acceptable.

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  • How to install python package without copy everything into lib/site-packages?

    - by Victor Lin
    I want to develop a common python package, I got other packages depends on it. For example: packageA/ packageB/ packageC/ commonPackage/ packageA, packageB and packageC can all be executed directly, but they are all depend on commonPackage. I want to install the commonPackage into lib/site-packages, but I don't want it copys the source code. Instead, I want it creates a commonPackage.pth in lib/site-packages with the path of where the commonPackage at. So that when I modify commonPackage or update it from SVN, I don't need to install it again. Here comes the problem, how can I write the setup.py or use the options of python setup.py install so that it would do what I want?

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  • How do you enable block folding for Python comments in TextMate?

    - by Dave Gallagher
    In TextMate 1.5.10 r1623, you get little arrows that allow you to fold method blocks: Unfortunately, if you have a multi-lined Python comment, it doesn't recognize it, so you can't fold it: def foo(): """ How do I fold these comments? """ print "bar" TextMate has this on their site on how to customize folding: http://manual.macromates.com/en/navigation_overview#customizing_foldings ...but I'm not skilled in regex enough to do anything about it. TextMate uses the Oniguruma regex API, and I'm using the default Python.tmbundle updated to the newest version via GetBundles. Does anyone have an idea of how to do this? Thanks in advance for your help! :)

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  • How can I create a simple message box in Python?

    - by Carson Myers
    I'm looking for the same effect as alert() in JavaScript. I wrote a simple web-based interpreter this afternoon using Twisted.web. You basically submit a block of Python code through a form, and the client comes and grabs it and executes it. I want to be able to make a simple popup message, without having to re-write a whole bunch of boilerplate wxPython or TkInter code every time (since the code gets submitted through a form and then disappears). I've tried tkMessageBox: import tkMessageBox tkMessageBox.showinfo(title="Greetings", message="Hello World!") but this opens another window in the background with a tk icon. I don't want this. I was looking for some simple wxPython code but it always required setting up a class and entering an app loop etc. Is there no simple, catch-free way of making a message box in Python?

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