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• Commitment to Zend Framework - any arguments against?

  - by Pekka

  I am refurbishing a big CMS that I have been working on for quite a number of years now. The product itself is great, but some components, the Database and translation classes for example, need urgent replacing - partly self-made as far back as 2002, grown into a bit of a chaos over time, and might have trouble surviving a security audit. So, I've been looking closely at a number of frameworks (or, more exactly, component Libraries, as I do not intend to change the basic structure of the CMS) and ended up with liking Zend Framework the best. They offer a solid MVC model but don't force you into it, and they offer a lot of professional components that have obviously received a lot of attention (Did you know there are multiple plurals in Russian, and you can't translate them using a simple ($number == 0) or ($number > 1) switch? I didn't, but Zend_Translate can handle it. Just to illustrate the level of thorougness the library seems to have been built with.) I am now literally at the point of no return, starting to replace key components of the system by the Zend-made ones. I'm not really having second thoughts - and I am surely not looking to incite a flame war - but before going onward, I would like to step back for a moment and look whether there is anything speaking against tying a big system closely to Zend Framework. What I like about Zend: As far as I can see, very high quality code Extremely well documented, at least regarding introductions to how things work (Haven't had to use detailed API documentation yet) Backed by a company that has an interest in seeing the framework prosper Well received in the community, has a considerable user base Employs coding standards I like Comes with a full set of unit tests Feels to me like the right choice to make - or at least, one of the right choices - in terms of modern, professional PHP development. I have been thinking about encapsulating and abstracting ZF's functionality into own classes to be able to switch frameworks more easily, but have come to the conclusion that this would not be a good idea because: it would be an unnecessary level of abstraction it could cost performance the big advantage of using a framework - the existence of a developer base that is familiar with its components - would partly be cancelled out therefore, the commitment to ZF would be a deep one. Thus my question: Is there anything substantial speaking against committing to the Zend Framework? Do you have insider knowledge of plans of Zend Inc.'s to go evil in 2011, and make it a closed source library? Is Zend Inc. run by vampires? Are there conceptual flaws in the code base you start to notice when you've transitioned all your projects to it? Is the appearance of quality code an illusion? Does the code look good, but run terribly slow on anything below my quad-core workstation?

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• Is it Bad Practice to use C++ only for the STL containers?

  - by gmatt

  First a little background ... In what follows, I use C,C++ and Java for coding (general) algorithms, not gui's and fancy program's with interfaces, but simple command line algorithms and libraries. I started out learning about programming in Java. I got pretty good with Java and I learned to use the Java containers a lot as they tend to reduce complexity of book keeping while guaranteeing great performance. I intermittently used C++, but I was definitely not as good with it as with Java and it felt cumbersome. I did not know C++ enough to work in it without having to look up every single function and so I quickly reverted back to sticking to Java as much as possible. I then made a sudden transition into cracking and hacking in assembly language, because I felt I was concentrated too much attention on a much too high level language and I needed more experience with how a CPU interacts with memory and whats really going on with the 1's and 0's. I have to admit this was one of the most educational and fun experiences I've had with computers to date. For obviously reasons, I could not use assembly language to code on a daily basis, it was mostly reserved for fun diversions. After learning more about the computer through this experience I then realized that C++ is so much closer to the "level of 1's and 0's" than Java was, but I still felt it to be incredibly obtuse, like a swiss army knife with far too many gizmos to do any one task with elegance. I decided to give plain vanilla C a try, and I quickly fell in love. It was a happy medium between simplicity and enough "micromanagent" to not abstract what is really going on. However, I did miss one thing about Java: the containers. In particular, a simple container (like the stl vector) that expands dynamically in size is incredibly useful, but quite a pain to have to implement in C every time. Hence my code currently looks like almost entirely C with containers from C++ thrown in, the only feature I use from C++. I'd like to know if its consider okay in practice to use just one feature of C++, and ignore the rest in favor of C type code?

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• Java replacement for C macros

  - by thkala

  Recently I refactored the code of a 3rd party hash function from C++ to C. The process was relatively painless, with only a few changes of note. Now I want to write the same function in Java and I came upon a slight issue. In the C/C++ code there is a C preprocessor macro that takes a few integer variables names as arguments and performs a bunch of bitwise operations with their contents and a few constants. That macro is used in several different places, therefore its presence avoids a fair bit of code duplication. In Java, however, there is no equivalent for the C preprocessor. There is also no way to affect any basic type passed as an argument to a method - even autoboxing produces immutable objects. Coupled with the fact that Java methods return a single value, I can't seem to find a simple way to rewrite the macro. Avenues that I considered: Expand the macro by hand everywhere: It would work, but the code duplication could make things interesting in the long run. Write a method that returns an array: This would also work, but it would repeatedly result into code like this: long tmp[] = bitops(k, l, m, x, y, z); k = tmp[0]; l = tmp[1]; m = tmp[2]; x = tmp[3]; y = tmp[4]; z = tmp[5]; Write a method that takes an array as an argument: This would mean that all variable names would be reduced to array element references - it would be rather hard to keep track of which index corresponds to which variable. Create a separate class e.g. State with public fields of the appropriate type and use that as an argument to a method: This is my current solution. It allows the method to alter the variables, while still keeping their names. It has the disadvantage, however, that the State class will get more and more complex, as more macros and variables are added, in order to avoid copying values back and forth among different State objects. How would you rewrite such a C macro in Java? Is there a more appropriate way to deal with this, using the facilities provided by the standard Java 6 Development Kit (i.e. without 3rd party libraries or a separate preprocessor)?

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• Moving from Windows to Ubuntu.

  - by djzmo

  Hello there, I used to program in Windows with Microsoft Visual C++ and I need to make some of my portable programs (written in portable C++) to be cross-platform, or at least I can release a working version of my program for both Linux and Windows. I am total newcomer in Linux application development (and rarely use the OS itself). So, today, I installed Ubuntu 10.04 LTS (through Wubi) and equipped Code::Blocks with the g++ compiler as my main weapon. Then I compiled my very first Hello World linux program, and I confused about the output program. I can run my program through the "Build and Run" menu option in Code::Blocks, but when I tried to launch the compiled application externally through a File Browser (in /media/MyNTFSPartition/MyProject/bin/Release; yes, I saved it in my NTFS partition), the program didn't show up. Why? I ran out of idea. I need to change my Windows and Microsoft Visual Studio mindset to Linux and Code::Blocks mindset. So I came up with these questions: How can I execute my compiled linux programs externally (outside IDE)? In Windows, I simply run the generated executable (.exe) file How can I distribute my linux application? In Windows, I simply distribute the executable files with the corresponding DLL files (if any) What is the equivalent of LIBs (static library) and DLLs (dynamic library) in linux and how to use them? In Windows/Visual Studio, I simply add the required libraries to the Additional Dependencies in the Project Settings, and my program will automatically link with the required static library(-ies)/DLLs. Is it possible to use the "binary form" of a C++ library (if provided) so that I wouldn't need to recompile the entire library source code? In Windows, yes. Sometimes precompiled *.lib files are provided. If I want to create a wxWidgets application in Linux, which package should I pick for Ubuntu? wxGTK or wxX11? Can I run wxGTK program under X11? In Windows, I use wxMSW, Of course. If question no. 4 is answered possible, are precompiled wxX11/wxGTK library exists out there? Haven't tried deep google search. In Windows, there is a project called "wxPack" (http://wxpack.sourceforge.net/) that saves a lot of my time. Sorry for asking many questions, but I am really confused on these linux development fundamentals. Any kind of help would be appreciated =) Thanks.

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• CodeIgniter Third party class not loading

  - by Jatin Soni

  I am trying to implement Dashboard widget class (found here: http://harpanet.com/programming/php/codeigniter/dashboard/index#installation) but it is giving me error Unable to load the requested class I have tried to add this class in autoload as well as menually to my controller $this->load->library('dash') but this also giving the same error. I have checked dash.php and found below method private function __example__() but can't understand what the developer is saying in comment. class Dash { private function __example__() { /* * This function is purely to show an example of a dashboard method to place * within your own controller. */ // load third_party hArpanet dashboard library $this->load->add_package_path(APPPATH.'third_party/hArpanet/hDash/'); $dash =& $this->load->library('dash'); $this->load->remove_package_path(APPPATH.'third_party/hArpanet/hDash/'); // configure dashboard widgets - format: type, src, title, cols, alt (for images) $dash->widgets = array( array('type'=>'oop', 'src'=>'test_dash', 'title'=>'Test OOP Widget', 'cols'=>3), // if 'title' is set to FALSE, the title block is omitted entirely // note: this is an 'html' widget but is being fed content from a local method array('type'=>'html', 'src'=>self::test_method(), 'title'=>false, 'cols'=>3), array('type'=>'file', 'src'=>'saf_inv.htm', 'title'=>'Safety Investigation'), // multi-content widget - set widget title in outer array (also note use of CI anchor to create a link) array('title'=>anchor('tz', 'TARGET ZERO'), // sub-content follows same array format as single content widget // 'img' content can also have an 'alt' text array('type'=>'img', 'src'=>'saf_tzout.gif', 'alt'=>'Action Completed'), array('type'=>'file', 'src'=>'saf_tz.htm'), array('type'=>'file', 'src'=>'ave_close.htm', 'title'=>'Average Time to Close') ), array('type'=>'file', 'src'=>'saf_meet.htm', 'title'=>'Safety Meeting'), array('type'=>'file', 'src'=>'saf_acc.htm', 'title'=>'Accident Investigation'), array('type'=>'file', 'src'=>'saf_hazmat.htm', 'title'=>anchor('hazmat', 'HAZMAT')), array('type'=>'file', 'src'=>'saf_cont.htm', 'title'=>'Loss of Containment'), array('type'=>'file', 'src'=>'saf_worksinfo.htm', 'title'=>'Works Information'), // an action widget - 'clear' will generate a blank widget with a style of clear:both array('type'=>'clear'), // multi-content widget - width can be set using the 'cols' param in outer array array('title'=>'RAG Report', 'cols' => 2, array('type'=>'file', 'src'=>'saf_rag.htm'), array('type'=>'img', 'src'=>'ProcSaf.gif')), array('type'=>'file', 'src'=>'saf_chrom.htm', 'title'=>'Chrome checks'), ); // populate the view variable $widgets = $dash->build('safety'); // render the dashboard $this->load->view('layout_default', $widgets); } ................... } // end of Dash class Installation path is root/application/third_party/hArpanet/hDash/libraries/dash.php How can I load this class to my system and use widgets?

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• ZF Autoloader to load ancestor and requested class

  - by Pekka

  I am integrating Zend Framework into an existing application. I want to switch the application over to Zend's autoloading mechanism to replace dozens of include() statements. I have a specific requirement for the autoloading mechanism, though. Allow me to elaborate. The existing application uses a core library (independent from ZF), for example: /Core/Library/authentication.php /Core/Library/translation.php /Core/Library/messages.php this core library is to remain untouched at all times and serves a number of applications. The library contains classes like class ancestor_authentication { ... } class ancestor_translation { ... } class ancestor_messages { ... } in the application, there is also a Library directory: /App/Library/authentication.php /App/Library/translation.php /App/Library/messages.php these includes extend the ancestor classes and are the ones that actually get instantiated in the application. class authentication extends ancestor_authentication { } class translation extends ancestor_translation { } class messages extends ancestor_messages { } usually, these class definitions are empty. They simply extend their ancestors and provide the class name to instantiate. $authentication = new authentication(); The purpose of this solution is to be able to easily customize aspects of the application without having to patch the core libraries. Now, the autoloader I need would have to be aware of this structure. When an object of the class authentication is requested, the autoloader would have to: 1. load /Core/Library/authentication.php 2. load /App/Library/authentication.php My current approach would be creating a custom function, and binding that to Zend_Loader_Autoloader for a specific namespace prefix. Is there already a way to do this in Zend that I am overlooking? The accepted answer in this question kind of implies there is, but that may be just a bad choice of wording. Are there extensions to the Zend Autoloader that do this? Can you - I am new to ZF - think of an elegant way, conforming with the spirit of the framework, of extending the Autoloader with this functionality? I'm not necessary looking for a ready-made implementation, some pointers (This should be an extension to the xyz method that you would call like this...) would already be enough.

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• Incompatible library creating new project with Aptana

  - by Phil Rice

  I am a ruby and rails newbie, so my abilities to debug this are somewhat limited. I have just added the eclipse plugin which failed, then downloaded the latest aptana studio which also failed. The failure was the same in both cases. The nature of the failure is that when I create a new rails project, I get an error message about an incompatible library version "C:/Ruby193/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/mongrel-1.1.5-x86-mswin32-60/lib/http11.so". The project is actually created, along with directories and files. Google searches around this error message have only returned a couple of hits, which were not very helpful I am wondering if this is about 64 bit libraries. My software stack is: Windows 7 home premium 64bit Aptana RadRails, build: 2.0.5.1278709071 Ruby1.9.3 gem 1.8.24 The console shows: "4320" C:/Ruby193/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/custom_require.rb:36:in `require': iconv will be deprecated in the future, use String#encode instead. C:/Ruby193/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/custom_require.rb:36:in `require': incompatible library version - C:/Ruby193/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/mongrel-1.1.5-x86-mswin32-60/lib/http11.so (LoadError) from C:/Ruby193/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/custom_require.rb:36:in `require' from C:/Ruby193/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activesupport-2.3.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:156:in `block in require' from C:/Ruby193/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activesupport-2.3.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:521:in `new_constants_in' from C:/Ruby193/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activesupport-2.3.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:156:in `require' from C:/Ruby193/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/mongrel-1.1.5-x86-mswin32-60/lib/mongrel.rb:12:in `<top (required)>' from C:/Ruby193/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/custom_require.rb:60:in `require' from C:/Ruby193/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/custom_require.rb:60:in `rescue in require' from C:/Ruby193/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/custom_require.rb:35:in `require' from C:/Ruby193/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activesupport-2.3.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:156:in `block in require' from C:/Ruby193/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activesupport-2.3.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:521:in `new_constants_in' from C:/Ruby193/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/activesupport-2.3.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:156:in `require' from C:/Ruby193/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/rack-1.0.0/lib/rack/handler/mongrel.rb:1:in `<top (required)>' from C:/Ruby193/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/rack-1.0.0/lib/rack/handler.rb:17:in `const_get' from C:/Ruby193/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/rack-1.0.0/lib/rack/handler.rb:17:in `block in get' from C:/Ruby193/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/rack-1.0.0/lib/rack/handler.rb:17:in `each' from C:/Ruby193/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/rack-1.0.0/lib/rack/handler.rb:17:in `get' from C:/Ruby193/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/rails-2.3.4/lib/commands/server.rb:45:in `<top (required)>' from C:/Ruby193/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/custom_require.rb:36:in `require' from C:/Ruby193/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/custom_require.rb:36:in `require' from script/server:3:in `<top (required)>' from -e:2:in `load' from -e:2:in `<main>'

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• Error With Sending mail (kSKPSMTPPartMessageKey is nil)

  - by user1553381

  I'm trying to send mail in iPhone using "SKPSMTPMessage" and I added the libraries, In my class I added the following code: - (IBAction)sendMail:(id)sender { // if there are a connection if ([theConnection isEqualToString:@"true"]) { if ([fromEmail.text isEqualToString:@""] || [toEmail.text isEqualToString:@""]) { UIAlertView *warning = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:@"?????" message:@"?? ??? ????? ???? ????????" delegate:self cancelButtonTitle:@"?????" otherButtonTitles:nil, nil]; [warning show]; }else { SKPSMTPMessage *test_smtp_message = [[SKPSMTPMessage alloc] init]; test_smtp_message.fromEmail = fromEmail.text; test_smtp_message.toEmail = toEmail.text; test_smtp_message.relayHost = @"smtp.gmail.com"; test_smtp_message.requiresAuth = YES; test_smtp_message.login = @"[email protected]"; test_smtp_message.pass = @"myPass"; test_smtp_message.wantsSecure = YES; NSString *subject= @"Suggest a book for you"; test_smtp_message.subject = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@ < %@ > ",fromEmail.text, subject]; test_smtp_message.delegate = self; NSMutableArray *parts_to_send = [NSMutableArray array]; NSDictionary *plain_text_part = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys: @"text/plain\r\n\tcharset=UTF-8;\r\n\tformat=flowed", kSKPSMTPPartContentTypeKey, [messageBody.text stringByAppendingString:@"\n"], kSKPSMTPPartMessageKey, @"quoted-printable", kSKPSMTPPartContentTransferEncodingKey, nil]; [parts_to_send addObject:plain_text_part]; // to send attachment NSString *image_path = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:BookCover ofType:@"jpg"]; NSData *image_data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:image_path]; NSDictionary *image_part = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys: @"inline;\r\n\tfilename=\"image.png\"",kSKPSMTPPartContentDispositionKey, @"base64",kSKPSMTPPartContentTransferEncodingKey, @"image/png;\r\n\tname=Success.png;\r\n\tx-unix-mode=0666",kSKPSMTPPartContentTypeKey, [image_data encodeWrappedBase64ForData],kSKPSMTPPartMessageKey, nil]; [parts_to_send addObject:image_part]; test_smtp_message.parts = parts_to_send; Spinner.hidden = NO; [Spinner startAnimating]; ProgressBar.hidden = NO; HighestState = 0; [test_smtp_message send]; } }else { UIAlertView *alertNoconnection = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:@"?????" message:@"?? ???? ???? " delegate:self cancelButtonTitle:@"?????" otherButtonTitles:nil, nil]; [alertNoconnection show]; } } but when I tried to send it gives me the following Exception: *** Terminating app due to uncaught exception 'NSInvalidArgumentException', reason: '*** -[NSCFString appendString:]: nil argument' and it highlighted this line in SKPSMTPMessage.m [message appendString:[part objectForKey:kSKPSMTPPartMessageKey]]; and I Can't understand what is nil exactly Can Anyone help me in this issue? Thanks in Advance.

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• How can a C/C++ program put itself into background?

  - by Larry Gritz

  What's the best way for a running C or C++ program that's been launched from the command line to put itself into the background, equivalent to if the user had launched from the unix shell with '&' at the end of the command? (But the user didn't.) It's a GUI app and doesn't need any shell I/O, so there's no reason to tie up the shell after launch. But I want a shell command launch to be auto-backgrounded without the '&' (or on Windows). Ideally, I want a solution that would work on any of Linux, OS X, and Windows. (Or separate solutions that I can select with #ifdef.) It's ok to assume that this should be done right at the beginning of execution, as opposed to somewhere in the middle. One solution is to have the main program be a script that launches the real binary, carefully putting it into the background. But it seems unsatisfying to need these coupled shell/binary pairs. Another solution is to immediately launch another executed version (with 'system' or CreateProcess), with the same command line arguments, but putting the child in the background and then having the parent exit. But this seems clunky compared to the process putting itself into background. Edited after a few answers: Yes, a fork() (or system(), or CreateProcess on Windows) is one way to sort of do this, that I hinted at in my original question. But all of these solutions make a SECOND process that is backgrounded, and then terminate the original process. I was wondering if there was a way to put the EXISTING process into the background. One difference is that if the app was launched from a script that recorded its process id (perhaps for later killing or other purpose), the newly forked or created process will have a different id and so will not be controllable by any launching script, if you see what I'm getting at. Edit #2: fork() isn't a good solution for OS X, where the man page for 'fork' says that it's unsafe if certain frameworks or libraries are being used. I tried it, and my app complains loudly at runtime: "The process has forked and you cannot use this CoreFoundation functionality safely. You MUST exec()." I was intrigued by daemon(), but when I tried it on OS X, it gave the same error message, so I assume that it's just a fancy wrapper for fork() and has the same restrictions. Excuse the OS X centrism, it just happens to be the system in front of me at the moment. But I am indeed looking for a solution to all three platforms.

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• How to implement a caching model without violating MVC pattern?

  - by RPM1984

  Hi Guys, I have an ASP.NET MVC 3 (Razor) Web Application, with a particular page which is highly database intensive, and user experience is of the upmost priority. Thus, i am introducing caching on this particular page. I'm trying to figure out a way to implement this caching pattern whilst keeping my controller thin, like it currently is without caching: public PartialViewResult GetLocationStuff(SearchPreferences searchPreferences) { var results = _locationService.FindStuffByCriteria(searchPreferences); return PartialView("SearchResults", results); } As you can see, the controller is very thin, as it should be. It doesn't care about how/where it is getting it's info from - that is the job of the service. A couple of notes on the flow of control: Controllers get DI'ed a particular Service, depending on it's area. In this example, this controller get's a LocationService Services call through to an IQueryable<T> Repository and materialize results into T or ICollection<T>. How i want to implement caching: I can't use Output Caching - for a few reasons. First of all, this action method is invoked from the client-side (jQuery/AJAX), via [HttpPost], which according to HTTP standards should not be cached as a request. Secondly, i don't want to cache purely based on the HTTP request arguments - the cache logic is a lot more complicated than that - there is actually two-level caching going on. As i hint to above, i need to use regular data-caching, e.g Cache["somekey"] = someObj;. I don't want to implement a generic caching mechanism where all calls via the service go through the cache first - i only want caching on this particular action method. First thought's would tell me to create another service (which inherits LocationService), and provide the caching workflow there (check cache first, if not there call db, add to cache, return result). That has two problems: The services are basic Class Libraries - no references to anything extra. I would need to add a reference to System.Web here. I would have to access the HTTP Context outside of the web application, which is considered bad practice, not only for testability, but in general - right? I also thought about using the Models folder in the Web Application (which i currently use only for ViewModels), but having a cache service in a models folder just doesn't sound right. So - any ideas? Is there a MVC-specific thing (like Action Filter's, for example) i can use here? General advice/tips would be greatly appreciated.

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• How do I make a GUI that behaves like this?

  - by Karl Knechtel

  This is difficult to explain without illustration, so - behold, an illustration, cobbled together from screenshots of a few hello-world examples and a lot of Paint work: I have started out using Windows Forms on .NET (via IronPython, but that shouldn't be important), and haven't been able to figure out very much. GUI libraries in general are very intimidating, simply because every class has so many possible attributes. Documentation is good at explaining what everything does, but not so good at helping you figure out what you need. I will be assembling the GUI dynamically, but I'm not expecting that to be the hard part. The sticking points for me right now are: How do I get text labels to size themselves automatically to the width of the contained text (so that the text doesn't clip, and I also don't reserve unnecessary space for them when resizing the window)? How do I make the vertical scrollbar always appear? Setting the VScroll property (why is this protected when AutoScroll is public, BTW?) doesn't seem to do anything. How come the horizontal scrollbar is not added by AutoScroll when contents are laid out vertically (via Dock = DockStyle.Top)? I can use a minimum size for panels to prevent the label and corresponding control from overlapping when the window is shrunk horizontally, but then the scrollbar doesn't appear and the control is inaccessible. How can I put limits on window resizing (e.g. set a minimum width) without disabling it completely? (Just set minimum/maximum sizes for the Form?) Related to that, is there any way to set minimum/maximum widths or heights without setting a minimum/maximum size (i.e. can I constrain the size in only one dimension)? Is there a built-in control suitable for hex editing or am I going to have to build something myself? ... And should I be using something else (perhaps something more capable?) I've heard WPF mentioned, but I understand that this involves XML and I really want to build a GUI from XML - I already have data in an object graph, and doing some kind of weird XML pseudo-serialization (in Python, no less!) in order to create a GUI seems incredibly roundabout.

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• Planning to create PDF files in Ruby on Rails

  - by deau

  Hi there, A Ruby on Rails app will have access to a number of images and fonts. The images are components of a visual layout which will be stored separately as a set of rules. The rules specify document dimensions along with which images are used and where. The app needs to take these rules, fetch the images, and generate a PDF that is ready for local printing or emailing. The fonts will also be important. The user needs to customize the layout by inputting text which will be included in the PDF. The PDF must therefore also contain the desired font so that the document renders identically across different machines. Each PDF may have many pages. Each page may have different dimensions but this is not essential. Either way, the ability to manipulate the dimensions and margins given by the PDF is essential. The only thing that needs to be regularly changed is the text. If this is takes too much development then the app can store the layouts in 3rd party PDFs and edit the textual content directly. Eventually though, this will prove too restrictive on the apps intended functionality so I would prefer the app to generate the PDF's itself. I have never worked with PDFs before and, for the most part, I've never had to output anything to the user outside their monitor. A printed medium could require a very different approach to get the best results. If anyone has any advice on how to model the PDF format this it would be really appreciated. The technical aspects of printing such as bleed, resolution and colour have already been factored in to the layouts and images. I am aware that PDF is a proprietary file format and I want to use free or open source software. I have seen a number of Ruby libraries for generating PDF files but because I am new on this scene I have no way to reliably compare them and too little time to implement and test them all. I also have the option of using C to handle this feature and if this is process intensive then that might be preferred. What should I be thinking about and how should I be planning to implement this?

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• Project Euler #18 - how to brute force all possible paths in tree-like structure using Python?

  - by euler user

  Am trying to learn Python the Atlantic way and am stuck on Project Euler #18. All of the stuff I can find on the web (and there's a LOT more googling that happened beyond that) is some variation on 'well you COULD brute force it, but here's a more elegant solution'... I get it, I totally do. There are really neat solutions out there, and I look forward to the day where the phrase 'acyclic graph' conjures up something more than a hazy, 1 megapixel resolution in my head. But I need to walk before I run here, see the state, and toy around with the brute force answer. So, question: how do I generate (enumerate?) all valid paths for the triangle in Project Euler #18 and store them in an appropriate python data structure? (A list of lists is my initial inclination?). I don't want the answer - I want to know how to brute force all the paths and store them into a data structure. Here's what I've got. I'm definitely looping over the data set wrong. The desired behavior would be to go 'depth first(?)' rather than just looping over each row ineffectually.. I read ch. 3 of Norvig's book but couldn't translate the psuedo-code. Tried reading over the AIMA python library for ch. 3 but it makes too many leaps. triangle = [ [75], [95, 64], [17, 47, 82], [18, 35, 87, 10], [20, 4, 82, 47, 65], [19, 1, 23, 75, 3, 34], [88, 2, 77, 73, 7, 63, 67], [99, 65, 4, 28, 6, 16, 70, 92], [41, 41, 26, 56, 83, 40, 80, 70, 33], [41, 48, 72, 33, 47, 32, 37, 16, 94, 29], [53, 71, 44, 65, 25, 43, 91, 52, 97, 51, 14], [70, 11, 33, 28, 77, 73, 17, 78, 39, 68, 17, 57], [91, 71, 52, 38, 17, 14, 91, 43, 58, 50, 27, 29, 48], [63, 66, 4, 68, 89, 53, 67, 30, 73, 16, 69, 87, 40, 31], [04, 62, 98, 27, 23, 9, 70, 98, 73, 93, 38, 53, 60, 4, 23], ] def expand_node(r, c): return [[r+1,c+0],[r+1,c+1]] all_paths = [] my_path = [] for i in xrange(0, len(triangle)): for j in xrange(0, len(triangle[i])): print 'row ', i, ' and col ', j, ' value is ', triangle[i][j] ??my_path = somehow chain these together??? if my_path not in all_paths all_paths.append(my_path) Answers that avoid external libraries (like itertools) preferred.

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• Achieving C# "readonly" behavior in C++

  - by Tommy Fisk

  Hi guys, this is my first question on stack overflow, so be gentle. Let me first explain the exact behavior I would like to see. If you are familiar with C# then you know that declaring a variable as "readonly" allows a programmer to assign some value to that variable exactly once. Further attempts to modify the variable will result in an error. What I am after: I want to make sure that any and all single-ton classes I define can be predictably instantiated exactly once in my program (more details at the bottom). My approach to realizing my goal is to use extern to declare a global reference to the single-ton (which I will later instantiate at a time I choose. What I have sort of looks like this, namespace Global { extern Singleton& mainInstance; // not defined yet, but it will be later! } int main() { // now that the program has started, go ahead and create the singleton object Singleton& Global::mainInstance = Singleton::GetInstance(); // invalid use of qualified name Global::mainInstance = Singleton::GetInstance(); // doesn't work either :( } class Singleton { /* Some details ommited */ public: Singleton& GetInstance() { static Singleton instance; // exists once for the whole program return instance; } } However this does not really work, and I don't know where to go from here. Some details about what I'm up against: I'm concerned about threading as I am working on code that will deal with game logic while communicating with several third-party processes and other processes I will create. Eventually I would have to implement some kind of synchronization so multiple threads could access the information in the Singleton class without worry. Because I don't know what kinds of optimizations I might like to do, or exactly what threading entails (never done a real project using it), I was thinking that being able to predictably control when Singletons were instantiated would be a Good Thing. Imagine if Process A creates Process B, where B contains several Singletons distributed against multiple files and/or libraries. It could be a real nightmare if I can not reliably ensure the order these singleton objects are instantiated (because they could depend on each other, and calling methods on a NULL object is generally a Bad Thing). If I were in C# I would just use the readonly keyword, but is there any way I can implement this (compiler supported) behavior in C++? Is this even a good idea? Thanks for any feedback.

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• Tokenizing a string with variable whitespace

  - by Ron Holcomb

  I've read through a few threads detailing how to tokenize strings, but I'm apparently too thick to adapt their suggestions and solutions into my program. What I'm attempting to do is tokenize each line from a large (5k+) line file into two strings. Here's a sample of the lines: 0 -0.11639404 9.0702948e-05 0.00012207031 0.0001814059 0.051849365 0.00027210884 0.062103271 0.00036281179 0.034423828 0.00045351474 0.035125732 The difference I'm finding between my lines and the other sample input from other threads is that I have a variable amount of whitespace between the parts that I want to tokenize. Anyways, here's my attempt at tokenizing: #include <iostream> #include <iomanip> #include <fstream> #include <string> using namespace std; int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { ifstream input; ofstream output; string temp2; string temp3; input.open(argv[1]); output.open(argv[2]); if (input.is_open()) { while (!input.eof()) { getline(input, temp2, ' '); while (!isspace(temp2[0])) getline(input, temp2, ' '); getline (input, temp3, '\n'); } input.close(); cout << temp2 << endl; cout << temp3 << endl; return 0; } I've clipped it some, since the troublesome bits are here. The issue that I'm having is that temp2 never seems to catch a value. Ideally, it should get populated with the first column of numbers, but it doesn't. Instead, it is blank, and temp3 is populated with the entire line. Unfortunately, in my course we haven't learned about vectors, so I'm not quite sure how to implement them in the other solutions for this I've seen, and I'd like to not just copy-paste code for assignments to get things work without actually understanding it. So, what's the extremely obvious/already been answered/simple solution I'm missing? I'd like to stick to standard libraries that g++ uses if at all possible.

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• Grails: GGTS not running on Amazon AWS EC2 anyone else successful?

  - by Anonymous Human

  Im just curious if anyone has had success trying to run the Groovy Grails tool suite on an Amazon AWS EC2 instance with its display exported into your windows machine. If so, I wanted to know which flavor of linux was used on the EC2. I am not having much success with it on the Amazon Linux but haven't tried their Ubuntu instances yet. I got all the way to getting GGTS installed and getting the display exported but when I launch GGTS I get log errors about libraries missing. This is most likely because I didn't use yum to install it so I am probably missing dependencies but I didn't have a choice its not offered as a yum package. Here are my log file errors when I try to launch GGTS: !SESSION 2014-06-08 03:08:04.873 ----------------------------------------------- eclipse.buildId=3.5.1.201405030657-RELEASE-e43 java.version=1.7.0_55 java.vendor=Oracle Corporation Framework arguments: -product org.springsource.ggts.ide Command-line arguments: -os linux -ws gtk -arch x86_64 -product org.springsourc e.ggts.ide !ENTRY org.eclipse.osgi 4 0 2014-06-08 03:08:12.116 !MESSAGE Application error !STACK 1 java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: Could not load SWT library. Reasons: /home/ec2-user/ggts_sh/ggts-3.5.1.RELEASE/configuration/org.eclipse.osgi /bundles/704/1/.cp/libswt-pi-gtk-4335.so: libgtk-x11-2.0.so.0: cannot open share d object file: No such file or directory no swt-pi-gtk in java.library.path /home/ec2-user/.swt/lib/linux/x86_64/libswt-pi-gtk-4335.so: libgtk-x11-2 .0.so.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory Can't load library: /home/ec2-user/.swt/lib/linux/x86_64/libswt-pi-gtk.s o at org.eclipse.swt.internal.Library.loadLibrary(Library.java:331) at org.eclipse.swt.internal.Library.loadLibrary(Library.java:240) at org.eclipse.swt.internal.gtk.OS.<clinit>(OS.java:45) at org.eclipse.swt.internal.Converter.wcsToMbcs(Converter.java:63) at org.eclipse.swt.internal.Converter.wcsToMbcs(Converter.java:54) at org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Display.<clinit>(Display.java:133) at org.eclipse.ui.internal.Workbench.createDisplay(Workbench.java:679) at org.eclipse.ui.PlatformUI.createDisplay(PlatformUI.java:162) at org.eclipse.ui.internal.ide.application.IDEApplication.createDisplay( IDEApplication.java:154) at org.eclipse.ui.internal.ide.application.IDEApplication.start(IDEAppli cation.java:96) at org.eclipse.equinox.internal.app.EclipseAppHandle.run(EclipseAppHandl e.java:196) at org.eclipse.core.runtime.internal.adaptor.EclipseAppLauncher.runAppli cation(EclipseAppLauncher.java:110) at org.eclipse.core.runtime.internal.adaptor.EclipseAppLauncher.start(Ec lipseAppLauncher.java:79) at org.eclipse.core.runtime.adaptor.EclipseStarter.run(EclipseStarter.ja va:354) at org.eclipse.core.runtime.adaptor.EclipseStarter.run(EclipseStarter.ja va:181) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl. java:57) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAcces sorImpl.java:43) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606) at org.eclipse.equinox.launcher.Main.invokeFramework(Main.java:636) at org.eclipse.equinox.launcher.Main.basicRun(Main.java:591) at org.eclipse.equinox.launcher.Main.run(Main.java:1450) at org.eclipse.equinox.launcher.Main.main(Main.java:1426)

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• Refactor the following two C++ methods to move out duplicate code

  - by ossandcad

  I have the following two methods that (as you can see) are similar in most of its statements except for one (see below for details) unsigned int CSWX::getLineParameters(const SURFACE & surface, vector<double> & params) { VARIANT varParams; surface->getPlaneParams(varParams); // this is the line of code that is different SafeDoubleArray sdParams(varParams); for( int i = 0 ; i < sdParams.getSize() ; ++i ) { params.push_back(sdParams[i]); } if( params.size() > 0 ) return 0; return 1; } unsigned int CSWX::getPlaneParameters(const CURVE & curve, vector<double> & params) { VARIANT varParams; curve->get_LineParams(varParams); // this is the line of code that is different SafeDoubleArray sdParams(varParams); for( int i = 0 ; i < sdParams.getSize() ; ++i ) { params.push_back(sdParams[i]); } if( params.size() > 0 ) return 0; return 1; } Is there any technique that I can use to move the common lines of code of the two methods out to a separate method, that could be called from the two variations - OR - possibly combine the two methods to a single method? The following are the restrictions: The classes SURFACE and CURVE are from 3rd party libraries and hence unmodifiable. (If it helps they are both derived from IDispatch) There are even more similar classes (e.g. FACE) that could fit into this "template" (not C++ template, just the flow of lines of code) I know the following could (possibly?) be implemented as solutions but am really hoping there is a better solution: I could add a 3rd parameter to the 2 methods - e.g. an enum - that identifies the 1st parameter (e.g. enum::input_type_surface, enum::input_type_curve) I could pass in an IDispatch and try dynamic_cast< and test which cast is NON_NULL and do an if-else to call the right method (e.g. getPlaneParams() vs. get_LineParams()) The following is not a restriction but would be a requirement because of my teammates resistance: Not implement a new class that inherits from SURFACE/CURVE etc. (They would much prefer to solve it using the enum solution I stated above)

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• avoiding enums as interface identifiers c++ OOP

  - by AlasdairC

  Hi I'm working on a plugin framework using dynamic loaded shared libraries which is based on Eclipse's (and probally other's) extension-point model. All plugins share similar properties (name, id, version etc) and each plugin could in theory satisfy any extension-point. The actual plugin (ie Dll) handling is managed by another library, all I am doing really is managing collections of interfaces for the application. I started by using an enum PluginType to distinguish the different interfaces, but I have quickly realised that using template functions made the code far cleaner and would leave the grunt work up to the compiler, rather than forcing me to use lots of switch {...} statements. The only issue is where I need to specify like functionality for class members - most obvious example is the default plugin which provides a particular interface. A Settings class handles all settings, including the default plugin for an interface. ie Skin newSkin = settings.GetDefault<ISkin>(); How do I store the default ISkin in a container without resorting to some other means of identifying the interface? As I mentioned above, I currently use a std::map<PluginType, IPlugin> Settings::defaults member to achieve this (where IPlugin is an abstract base class which all plugins derive from. I can then dynamic_cast to the desired interface when required, but this really smells of bad design to me and introduces more harm than good I think. would welcome any tips edit: here's an example of the current use of default plugins typedef boost::shared_ptr<ISkin> Skin; typedef boost::shared_ptr<IPlugin> Plugin; enum PluginType { skin, ..., ... } class Settings { public: void SetDefault(const PluginType type, boost::shared_ptr<IPlugin> plugin) { m_default[type] = plugin; } boost::shared_ptr<IPlugin> GetDefault(const PluginType type) { return m_default[type]; } private: std::map<PluginType, boost::shared_ptr<IPlugin> m_default; }; SkinManager::Initialize() { Plugin thedefault = g_settings.GetDefault(skinplugin); Skin defaultskin = boost::dynamic_pointer_cast<ISkin>(theskin); defaultskin->Initialize(); } I would much rather call the getdefault as the following, with automatic casting to the derived class. However I need to specialize for every class type. template<> Skin Settings::GetDefault<ISkin>() { return boost::dynamic_pointer_cast<ISkin>(m_default(skin)); }

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• Creating a multiplatform webapp with HTML5 and Google maps

  - by Bart L.

  I'm struggling how to develop a webapp for Android and iOS. My first app was a simple todo app which was easy to test in my browser and it only used html, javascript and css. However, I have to create an app which uses Google Maps Api to get the location. I created a simple html5 page to test which places a marker on a map. It works fine when testing it on my local server. But when I create an .apk file for Android, the app doesn't work. So I'm wondering, isn't it possible to use it like this? Do I have the use the phonegap libraries to use their geolocation library? And if so, how do you handle the development of a webapp in phonegap for multiple OS? Do you have to install an Android environment and an iOS environment to each include the right phonegap library and to test them properly? Update: I use the following code on my webserver and it works perfectly. When I upload it in a zip-folder to the photogap cloud and install the APK file on my phone, it doesn't work. <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>Simple Geo test</title> <script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.8/jquery.min.js"></script> </head> <body> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://maps.google.com/maps/api/js?sensor=true"></script> <script> function success(position) { var mapcanvas = document.createElement('div'); mapcanvas.id = 'mapcontainer'; mapcanvas.style.height = '200px'; mapcanvas.style.width = '200px'; document.querySelector('article').appendChild(mapcanvas); var coords = new google.maps.LatLng(position.coords.latitude, position.coords.longitude); var options = { zoom: 15, center: coords, mapTypeControl: false, navigationControlOptions: { style: google.maps.NavigationControlStyle.SMALL }, mapTypeId: google.maps.MapTypeId.ROADMAP }; var map = new google.maps.Map(document.getElementById("mapcontainer"), options); var marker = new google.maps.Marker({ position: coords, map: map, title:"You are here!" }); } if (navigator.geolocation) { navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition(success); } else { error('Geo Location is not supported'); } </script> <article></article> </body> </html>

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• Long numbers. Division.

  - by user577395

  Hello, world! I have a problem. Today I tried to create a code, which finds Catalan number. But in my program can be long numbers. I found numerator and denominator. But i can't div long numbers! Also, only standard libraries was must use in this program. Help me please. This is my code #include <vector> #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { const int base = 1000*1000*1000; vector <int> a, b; int n, carry = 0; cin>>n; a.push_back(n); for (int ii=n+2; ii!=(2*n)+1;++ii) { carry = 0; for (size_t i=0; i<a.size() || carry; ++i) { if (i == a.size()) a.push_back (0); long long cur = carry + a[i] * 1ll * ii; a[i] = int (cur % base); carry = int (cur / base); } } while (a.size() > 1 && a.back() == 0) a.pop_back(); b.push_back(n); for (int ii=1; ii!=n+1;++ii) { carry = 0; for (size_t i=0; i<b.size() || carry; ++i) { if (i == b.size()) b.push_back (0); long long cur = carry + b[i] * 1ll * ii; b[i] = int (cur % base); carry = int (cur / base); } } while (b.size() > 1 && b.back() == 0) b.pop_back(); cout<<(a.empty() ? 0 : a.back()); for (int i=(int)a.size()-2; i>=0; --i) cout<<(a[i]); cout<<" "; cout<<(b.empty() ? 0 : b.back()); for (int i=(int)b.size()-2; i>=0; --i) cout<<(b[i]); //system("PAUSE"); cout<<endl; return 0; } P.S. Sorry for my bad english =)

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• Is it OK to put a standard, pure C header #include directive inside a namespace?

  - by mic_e

  I've got a project with a class log in the global namespace (::log). So, naturally, after #include <cmath>, the compiler gives an error message each time I try to instantiate an object of my log class, because <cmath> pollutes the global namespace with lots of three-letter methods, one of them being the logarithm function log(). So there are three possible solutions, each having their unique ugly side-effects. Move the log class to it's own namespace and always access it with it's fully qualified name. I really want to avoid this because the logger should be as convenient as possible to use. Write a mathwrapper.cpp file which is the only file in the project that includes <cmath>, and makes all the required <cmath> functions available through wrappers in a namespace math. I don't want to use this approach because I have to write a wrapper for every single required math function, and it would add additional call penalty (cancelled out partially by the -flto compiler flag) The solution I'm currently considering: Replace #include <cmath> by namespace math { #include "math.h" } and then calculating the logarithm function via math::log(). I have tried it out and it does, indeed, compile, link and run as expected. It does, however, have multiple downsides: It's (obviously) impossible to use <cmath>, because the <cmath> code accesses the functions by their fully qualified names, and it's deprecated to use in C++. I've got a really, really bad feeling about it, like I'm gonna get attacked and eaten alive by raptors. So my question is: Is there any recommendation/convention/etc that forbid putting include directives in namespaces? Could anything go wrong with diferent C standard library implementations (I use glibc), different compilers (I use g++ 4.7, -std=c++11), linking? Have you ever tried doing this? Are there any alternate ways to banish the math functions from the global namespace? I've found several similar questions on stackoverflow, but most were about including other C++ headers, which obviously is a bad idea, and those that weren't made contradictory statements about linking behaviour for C libraries. Also, would it be beneficial to additionally put the #include <math.h> inside extern "C" {}?

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• What should I learn & use to become a pro in PHP & Python Web development?

  - by pecker

  Hello, I'll just show some code to show how I do web development in PHP. <html> <head> <title>Example #3 TDavid's Very First PHP Script ever!</title> </head> <? print(Date("m/j/y")); require_once("somefile.php"); $mysql_db = "DATABASE NAME"; $mysql_user = "YOUR MYSQL USERNAME"; $mysql_pass = "YOUR MYSQL PASSWORD"; $mysql_link = mysql_connect("localhost", $mysql_user, $mysql_pass); mysql_select_db($mysql_db, $mysql_link); $result = mysql_query("SELECT impressions from tds_counter where COUNT_ID='$cid'", $mysql_link); if(mysql_num_rows($result)) { mysql_query("UPDATE tds_counter set impressions=impressions+1 where COUNT_ID='$cid'", $mysql_link); $row = mysql_fetch_row($result); if(!$inv) { print("$row[0]"); } } ?> <body> </body> </html> Thats it. I write every file like this. Recently, I learnt OOP and started using classes & objects in PHP. I hear that there are many frameworks there for PHP. They say that one must use these libraries. But I feel they are just making things complicated. Anyway, this is how I've been doing my web development. Now, I want to improve this. and make it professional. Also I want to move to Python. I searched SO archives and found everyone suggesting Django. But, can any one give me some idea about how web development in Python works? user (client) request for page --- webserver(-embedded PHP interpreter) ---- Server side(PHP) Script --- MySQL Server. Now, is it that instead of PHP interpreter there is python interpreter & instead of php script there is python script, which contains both HTML & python (embedded in some kind of python tags). Python script connects to database server and fetches some data which will be printed as HTML. or is it different in python world? Is this Django thing like frameworks for PHP? Can't one code in python without using Django. Because, I never encountered any post without django Please give me some kick start.

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• Can I Have Polymorphic Containers With Value Semantics in C++11?

  - by John Dibling

  This is a sequel to a related post which asked the eternal question: Can I have polymorphic containers with value semantics in C++? The question was asked slightly incorrectly. It should have been more like: Can I have STL containers of a base type stored by-value in which the elements exhibit polymorphic behavior? If you are asking the question in terms of C++, the answer is "no." At some point, you will slice objects stored by-value. Now I ask the question again, but strictly in terms of C++11. With the changes to the language and the standard libraries, is it now possible to store polymorphic objects by value in an STL container? I'm well aware of the possibility of storing a smart pointer to the base class in the container -- this is not what I'm looking for, as I'm trying to construct objects on the stack without using new. Consider if you will (from the linked post) as basic C++ example: #include <iostream> using namespace std; class Parent { public: Parent() : parent_mem(1) {} virtual void write() { cout << "Parent: " << parent_mem << endl; } int parent_mem; }; class Child : public Parent { public: Child() : child_mem(2) { parent_mem = 2; } void write() { cout << "Child: " << parent_mem << ", " << child_mem << endl; } int child_mem; }; int main(int, char**) { // I can have a polymorphic container with pointer semantics vector<Parent*> pointerVec; pointerVec.push_back(new Parent()); pointerVec.push_back(new Child()); pointerVec[0]->write(); pointerVec[1]->write(); // Output: // // Parent: 1 // Child: 2, 2 // But I can't do it with value semantics vector<Parent> valueVec; valueVec.push_back(Parent()); valueVec.push_back(Child()); // gets turned into a Parent object :( valueVec[0].write(); valueVec[1].write(); // Output: // // Parent: 1 // Parent: 2 }

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• KineticJS issue with repeatable mouse event

  - by nuclearpeace

  I have noob issue here (i obviously missing something). I simplified it from my bigger application: When i click blue rectangle, i add another layer to the stage that includes red rectangle (clickable), when i clik this red rectangle it removes second layer with red rect. Problem: When i click blue rect second time, nothing happens :( i.e. app works only once, and i need to add/remove second layer(with red rect) repeatedly. What's wrong? :) You can see it here, Fiddle http://jsfiddle.net/mAX8r/ Code: <!DOCTYPE HTML> <html> <head> <style> body { margin: 0px; padding: 0px; } canvas { border: 1px solid #9C9898; } </style> <script src="http://www.html5canvastutorials.com/libraries/kinetic-v4.0.3.js"> </script> <script> window.onload = function() { var stage = new Kinetic.Stage({ container: 'container', width: 578, height: 200 }); var layerBlue = new Kinetic.Layer(); var layerRed = new Kinetic.Layer(); var rectBlue = new Kinetic.Rect({ x: 100, y: 75, width: 100, height: 50, fill: 'blue', stroke: 'black', strokeWidth: 4 }); var rectRed = new Kinetic.Rect({ x: 300, y: 75, width: 100, height: 50, fill: 'red', stroke: 'black', strokeWidth: 4 }); // mouse events rectBlue.on('click', function() { stage.add(layerRed); stage.draw(); }); rectRed.on('click', function() { layerRed.remove(); stage.draw(); }); // add the shape to the layer layerBlue.add(rectBlue); layerRed.add(rectRed); // add the layer to the stage stage.add(layerBlue); }; </script> </head> <body> <div id="container"></div> </body> </html>

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• Users and roles in context

  - by Eric W.

  I'm trying to get a sense of how to implement the user/role relationships for an application I'm writing. The persistence layer is Google App Engine's datastore, which places some interesting (but generally beneficial) constraints on what can be done. Any thoughts are appreciated. It might be helpful to keep things very concrete. I would like there to be organizations, users, test content and test administrations (records of tests that have been taken). A user can have the role of participant (test-taker), contributor of test material or both. A user can also be a member of zero or more organizations. In the role of participant, the user can see the previous administrations of tests he or she has taken. The user can also see a test administration of another participant if that participant has given the user authorization. The user can see test material that has been made public, and he or she can see restricted content as a participant during a specific administration of a test for which that user has been authorized by an organization. As a member of an organization, the user can see restricted content in the role of contributor, and he or she might or might not also be able to edit the content. Each organization should have one or more administrators that can determine whether a member can see and edit content and determine who has admin privileges. There should also be one or more application-wide superusers that can troubleshoot and solve problems. Members of organizations can see the administrations of tests that the participants concerned have authorized them to see, and they can see anonymous data if no authorization has been given. A user cannot see the test results of another user in any other circumstances. Since there are no joins in the App Engine datastore, it might be necessary to have things less normalized than usual for the typical SQL database in order to ensure that queries that check permissions are fast (e.g., ones that determine whether a link is to be displayed). My questions are: How do I move forward on this? Should I spend a lot of time up front in order to get the model right, or can I iterate several times and gradually roll in additional complexity? Does anyone have some general ideas about how to break things up in this instance? Are there any GAE libraries that handle roles in a way that is compatible with this arrangement?

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