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  • Accessing data stored in another unit Delphi

    - by Hendriksen123
    In Unit2 of my program i have the following code: TValue = Record NewValue, OldValue, SavedValue : Double; end; TData = Class(TObject) Public EconomicGrowth : TValue; Inflation : TValue; Unemployment : TValue; CurrentAccountPosition : TValue; AggregateSupply : TValue; AggregateDemand : TValue; ADGovernmentSpending : TValue; ADConsumption : TValue; ADInvestment : TValue; ADNetExports : TValue; OverallTaxation : TValue; GovernmentSpending : TValue; InterestRates : TValue; IncomeTax : TValue; Benefits : TValue; TrainingEducationSpending : TValue; End; I then declare Data : TData in the Var. when i try to do the following however in Unit1: ShowMessage(FloatToStr(Unit2.Data.Inflation.SavedValue)); I get an EAccessViolation message. Is there any way to access the data stored in 'Data' from Unit1 without getting errors?

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  • How to use URLClassLoader to load a *.class file?

    - by DeletedAccount
    I'm playing around with Reflection and I thought I'd make something which loads a class and prints the names of all fields in the class. I've made a small hello world type of class to have something to inspect: kent@rat:~/eclipsews/SmallExample/bin$ ls IndependentClass.class kent@rat:~/eclipsews/SmallExample/bin$ java IndependentClass Hello! Goodbye! kent@rat:~/eclipsews/SmallExample/bin$ pwd /home/kent/eclipsews/SmallExample/bin kent@rat:~/eclipsews/SmallExample/bin$ Based on the above I draw two conclusions: It exists at /home/kent/eclipsews/SmallExample/bin/IndependentClass.class It works! (So it must be a proper .class-file which can be loaded by a class loader) Then the code which is to use Reflection: (Line which causes an exception is marked) import java.lang.reflect.Field; import java.net.MalformedURLException; import java.net.URL; import java.net.URLClassLoader; public class InspectClass { @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, MalformedURLException { URL classUrl; classUrl = new URL("file:///home/kent/eclipsews/SmallExample/bin/IndependentClass.class"); URL[] classUrls = { classUrl }; URLClassLoader ucl = new URLClassLoader(classUrls); Class c = ucl.loadClass("IndependentClass"); // LINE 14 for(Field f: c.getDeclaredFields()) { System.out.println("Field name" + f.getName()); } } } But when I run it I get: Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: IndependentClass at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:200) at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method) at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:188) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:306) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:251) at InspectClass.main(InspectClass.java:14) My questions: What am I doing wrong above? How do I fix it? Is there a way to load several class files and iterate over them?

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  • I'm making a simulated tv

    - by Jam
    I need to make a tv that shows the user the channel and the volume, and shows whether or not the television is on. I have the majority of the code made, but for some reason the channels won't switch. I'm fairly unfamiliar with how properties work, and I think that's what my problem here is. Help please. class Television(object): def __init__(self, __channel=1, volume=1, is_on=0): self.__channel=__channel self.volume=volume self.is_on=is_on def __str__(self): if self.is_on==1: print "The tv is on" print self.__channel print self.volume else: print "The television is off." def toggle_power(self): if self.is_on==1: self.is_on=0 return self.is_on if self.is_on==0: self.is_on=1 return self.is_on def get_channel(self): return channel def set_channel(self, choice): if self.is_on==1: if choice>=0 and choice<=499: channel=self.__channel else: print "Invalid channel!" else: print "The television isn't on!" channel=property(get_channel, set_channel) def raise_volume(self, up=1): if self.is_on==1: self.volume+=up if self.volume>=10: self.volume=10 print "Max volume!" else: print "The television isn't on!" def lower_volume(self, down=1): if self.is_on==1: self.volume-=down if self.volume<=0: self.volume=0 print "Muted!" else: print "The television isn't on!" def main(): tv=Television() choice=None while choice!="0": print \ """ Television 0 - Exit 1 - Toggle Power 2 - Change Channel 3 - Raise Volume 4 - Lower Volume """ choice=raw_input("Choice: ") print if choice=="0": print "Good-bye." elif choice=="1": tv.toggle_power() tv.__str__() elif choice=="2": change=raw_input("What would you like to change the channel to?") tv.set_channel(change) tv.__str__() elif choice=="3": tv.raise_volume() tv.__str__() elif choice=="4": tv.lower_volume() tv.__str__() else: print "\nSorry, but", choice, "isn't a valid choice." main() raw_input("Press enter to exit.")

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  • Python OOP and lists

    - by Mikk
    Hi, I'm new to Python and it's OOP stuff and can't get it to work. Here's my code: class Tree: root = None; data = []; def __init__(self, equation): self.root = equation; def appendLeft(self, data): self.data.insert(0, data); def appendRight(self, data): self.data.append(data); def calculateLeft(self): result = []; for item in (self.getLeft()): if (type(item) == type(self)): data = item.calculateLeft(); else: data = item; result.append(item); return result; def getLeft(self): return self.data; def getRight(self): data = self.data; data.reverse(); return data; tree2 = Tree("*"); tree2.appendRight(44); tree2.appendLeft(20); tree = Tree("+"); tree.appendRight(4); tree.appendLeft(10); tree.appendLeft(tree2); print(tree.calculateLeft()); It looks like tree2 and tree are sharing list "data"? At the moment I'd like it to output something like [[20,44], 10, 4], but when I tree.appendLeft(tree2) I get RuntimeError: maximum recursion depth exceeded, and when i even won't appendLeft(tree2) it outputs [10, 20, 44, 4] (!!!). What am I missing here? I'm using Portable Python 3.0.1. Thank you

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  • Getting bizarre "expected primary-expression" error.

    - by Fecal Brunch
    Hi, I'm getting a really strange error when making a method call: /* input.cpp */ #include <ncurses/ncurses.h> #include "input.h" #include "command.h" Input::Input () { raw (); noecho (); } Command Input::next () { char input = getch (); Command nextCommand; switch (input) { case 'h': nextCommand.setAction (ACTION_MOVELEFT); break; case 'j': nextCommand.setAction (ACTION_MOVEDOWN); break; case 'k': nextCommand.setAction (ACTION_MOVEUP); break; case 'l': nextCommand.setAction (ACTION_MOVERIGHT); break; case 'y': nextCommand.setAction (ACTION_MOVEUPLEFT); break; case 'u': nextCommand.setAction (ACTION_MOVEUPRIGHT); break; case 'n': nextCommand.setAction (ACTION_MOVEDOWNLEFT); break; case 'm': nextCommand.setAction (ACTION_MOVEDOWNRIGHT); break; case '.': nextCommand.setAction (ACTION_WAIT); break; } return nextCommand; } and the error: Administrator@RHYS ~/code/rogue2 $ make g++ -c -Wall -pedantic -g3 -O0 input.cpp input.cpp: In member function `Command Input::next()': input.cpp:21: error: expected primary-expression before '=' token input.cpp:24: error: expected primary-expression before '=' token input.cpp:27: error: expected primary-expression before '=' token input.cpp:30: error: expected primary-expression before '=' token input.cpp:33: error: expected primary-expression before '=' token input.cpp:36: error: expected primary-expression before '=' token input.cpp:39: error: expected primary-expression before '=' token input.cpp:42: error: expected primary-expression before '=' token input.cpp:45: error: expected primary-expression before '=' token make: *** [input.o] Error 1 Sorry about the lack of linenumbers, the errors occur on the lines "nextCommand.setAction(...)", which is totally bizarre considering that they don't contain a '='. Any ideas? Thanks, Rhys

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  • What are the alternatives to public fields?

    - by James
    I am programming a game in java, and as the question title suggestions i am using public fields in my classes. (for the time being) From what i have seen public fields are bad and i have some understanding why. (but if someone could clarify why you should not use them, that would be appreciated) The thing is that also from what i have seen, (and it seems logical) is that using private fields, but using getters and setters to access them is also not good as it defeats the point of using private fields in the first place. So, my question is, what are the alternatives? or do i really have to use private fields with getters and setters? For reference here is one of my classes, and some of its methods. I will elaborate more if needs be. //The player's fields. public double health; public String name; public double goldCount; public double maxWeight; public double currentWeight; public double maxBackPckSlts; public double usedBackPckSlts; // The current back pack slots in use public double maxHealth; // Maximum amount of health public ArrayList<String> backPack = new ArrayList<String>(); //This method happens when ever the player dynamically takes damage(i.e. when it is not scripted for the player to take damage. //Parameters will be added to make it dynamic so the player can take any spread of damage. public void beDamaged(double damage) { this.health -= damage; if (this.health < 0) { this.health = 0; } } public void gainHealth(double gainedHp) { this.health += gainedHp; if (this.health > this.maxHealth) { this.health = this.maxHealth; } }

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  • How can I change 'self.view' within a button method created outside of 'loadView'

    - by Scott
    Hey guys. So I am creating buttons dynamically within loadView. Each of these buttons is given an action using the @Selector method, such as : [button addTarget:self action:@selector(showCCView) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside]; Now that showCCView method is defined outside of loadView, where this above statement is located. The point of the method is to change the view currently on the screen (so set self.view = ccView). It gives me an error every time I try and access self.view outside of loadView, and even sometimes when I try and access it at random places within loadView, it just has been acting really weird. I tried to change it around so I wouldn't have to deal with this either. I had made a function + (void) showView: (UIView*) oldView: (UIView*) newView; but this didn't work out either because the @Selector was being real prissy about using it with a function that needed two parameters. Any help please? Here is my code: // // SiteOneController.m // InstantNavigator // // Created by dni on 2/22/10. // Copyright 2010 __MyCompanyName__. All rights reserved. // #import "SiteOneController.h" @implementation SiteOneController + (UIView*) ccContent { UIView *ccContent = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:[[UIScreen mainScreen] applicationFrame]]; ccContent.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor]; [ccContent addSubview:[SiteOneController myNavBar1:@"Constitution Center Content"]]; return ccContent; } // Button Dimensions int a = 62; int b = 80; int c = 200; int d = 30; // NPSIN Green Color + (UIColor*)myColor1 { return [UIColor colorWithRed:0.0f/255.0f green:76.0f/255.0f blue:29.0f/255.0f alpha:1.0f]; } // Creates Nav Bar with default Green at top of screen with given String as title + (UINavigationBar*)myNavBar1: (NSString*)input { UIView *test = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:[[UIScreen mainScreen] applicationFrame]]; UINavigationBar *navBar = [[UINavigationBar alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0.0, 0.0, test.bounds.size.width, 45)]; navBar.tintColor = [SiteOneController myColor1]; UINavigationItem *navItem; navItem = [UINavigationItem alloc]; navItem.title = input; [navBar pushNavigationItem:navItem animated:false]; return navBar; } //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------// //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------// //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------// // Implement loadView to create a view hierarchy programmatically, without using a nib. - (void)loadView { //hard coded array of content for each site // CC NSMutableArray *allccContent = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; NSString *cc1 = @"House Model"; NSString *cc2 = @"James Dexter History"; [allccContent addObject: cc1]; [cc1 release]; [allccContent addObject: cc2]; [cc2 release]; // FC NSMutableArray *allfcContent = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; NSString *fc1 = @"Ghost House"; NSString *fc2 = @"Franklins Letters"; NSString *fc3 = @"Franklins Business"; [allfcContent addObject: fc1]; [fc1 release]; [allfcContent addObject: fc2]; [fc2 release]; [allfcContent addObject: fc3]; [fc3 release]; // PC NSMutableArray *allphContent = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; NSString *ph1 = @"Changing Occupancy"; NSString *ph2 = @"Sketches"; NSString *ph3 = @"Servant House"; NSString *ph4 = @"Monument"; NSString *ph5 = @"Virtual Model"; [allphContent addObject: ph1]; [ph1 release]; [allphContent addObject: ph2]; [ph2 release]; [allphContent addObject: ph3]; [ph3 release]; [allphContent addObject: ph4]; [ph4 release]; [allphContent addObject: ph5]; [ph5 release]; // Each content page's view //UIView *ccContent = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:[[UIScreen mainScreen] applicationFrame]]; UIView *fcContent = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:[[UIScreen mainScreen] applicationFrame]]; UIView *phContent = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:[[UIScreen mainScreen] applicationFrame]]; //ccContent.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor]; fcContent.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor]; phContent.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor]; //[ccContent addSubview:[SiteOneController myNavBar1:@"Constitution Center Content"]]; [fcContent addSubview:[SiteOneController myNavBar1:@"Franklin Court Content"]]; [phContent addSubview:[SiteOneController myNavBar1:@"Presidents House Content"]]; //allocate the view self.view = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:[[UIScreen mainScreen] applicationFrame]]; //set the view's background color self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor]; [self.view addSubview:[SiteOneController myNavBar1:@"Sites"]]; NSMutableArray *sites = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; NSString *one = @"Constution Center"; NSString *two = @"Franklin Court"; NSString *three = @"Presidents House"; [sites addObject: one]; [one release]; [sites addObject: two]; [two release]; [sites addObject: three]; [three release]; NSString *ccName = @"Constitution Center"; NSString *fcName = @"Franklin Court"; NSString *element; int j = 0; for (element in sites) { UIButton *button = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom]; //setframe (where on screen) //separation is 15px past the width (45-30) button.frame = CGRectMake(a, b + (j*45), c, d); [button setTitle:element forState:UIControlStateNormal]; button.backgroundColor = [SiteOneController myColor1]; /*- (void) fooFirstInput:(NSString*) first secondInput:(NSString*) second { NSLog(@"Logs %@ then %@", first, second); } - (void) performMethodsViaSelectors { [self performSelector:@selector(fooNoInputs)]; [self performSelector:@selector(fooOneInput:) withObject:@"first"]; [self performSelector;@selector(fooFirstInput:secondInput:) withObject:@"first" withObject:@"second"];*/ //UIView *old = self.view; if (element == ccName) { [button addTarget:self action:@selector(showCCView) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside]; } else if (element == fcName) { } else { } [self.view addSubview: button]; j++; } } // This method show the content views for each of the sites. /*+ (void) showCCView { self.view = [SiteOneController ccContent]; }*/

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  • Problem with for-loop in python

    - by Protean
    This code is supposed to be able to sort the items in self.array based upon the order of the characters in self.order. The method sort runs properly until the third iteration, unil for some reason the for loop seems to repeat indefinitely. What is going on here? class sorting_class: def __init__(self): self.array = ['ca', 'bd', 'ac', 'ab'] #An array of strings self.arrayt = [] self.globali = 0 self.globalii = 0 self.order = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'] #Order of characters self.orderi = 0 self.carry = [] self.leave = [] self.sortedlist = [] def sort(self): for arrayi in self.arrayt: #This should only loop for the number items in self.arrayt. However, the third time this is run it seems to loop indefinitely. print ('run', arrayi) #Shows the problem if self.order[self.orderi] == arrayi[self.globali]: self.carry.append(arrayi) else: if self.globali != 0: self.leave.append(arrayi) def srt(self): self.arrayt = self.array my.sort() #First this runs the first time. while len(self.sortedlist) != len(self.array): if len(self.carry) == 1: self.sortedlist.append(self.carry) self.arrayt = self.leave self.leave = [] self.carry = [] self.globali = 1 self.orderi = 0 my.sort() elif len(self.carry) == 0: if len(self.leave) != 0: #Because nothing matches 'aa' during the second iteration, this code runs the third time" self.arrayt = self.leave self.globali = 1 self.orderi += 1 my.sort() else: self.arrayt = self.array self.globalii += 1 self.orderi = self.globalii self.globali = 0 my.sort() self.orderi = 0 else: #This is what runs the second time. self.arrayt = self.carry self.carry = [] self.globali += 1 my.sort() my = sorting_class() my.srt()

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  • How would you code an efficient Circular Buffer in Java or C#

    - by Cheeso
    I want a simple class that implements a fixed-size circular buffer. It should be efficient, easy on the eyes, generically typed. EDIT: It need not be MT-capable, for now. I can always add a lock later, it won't be high-concurrency in any case. Methods should be: .Add and I guess .List, where I retrieve all the entries. On second thought, Retrieval I think should be done via an indexer. At any moment I will want to be able to retrieve any element in the buffer by index. But keep in mind that from one moment to the next Element[n] may be different, as the Circular buffer fills up and rolls over. This isn't a stack, it's a circular buffer. Regarding "overflow": I would expect internally there would be an array holding the items, and over time the head and tail of the buffer will rotate around that fixed array. But that should be invisible from the user. There should be no externally-detectable "overflow" event or behavior. This is not a school assignment - it is most commonly going to be used for a MRU cache or a fixed-size transaction or event log.

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  • What does it mean to pass a &variable to a function? E.g., string& insert ( size_t pos1, const strin

    - by Bob Montgomery
    I understand passing a pointer, and returning a pointer: char * strcat ( char * destination, const char * source ); You're passing a variable that contains the address to a char; returning the same. But what does it mean to pass something using the reference operator? Or to return it? string& insert ( size_t pos1, const string& str ); I mean, I understand what actually happens, I just don't understand the notation. Why isn't the notation this instead: string * insert ( size_t pos1, const string * str ); //made up I presume it has something to do with passing/returning the instance of a class, but what? Is this syntax valid; if not why not and if so what does it mean? char & strcat ( char & destination, const char & source ); //made up (all of the function declarations, except the last made-up two, are from http://www.cplusplus.com )

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  • How to add a class to just upper element of trigger with Jquery?

    - by Ahmet Kemal
    Hello, I am working on a Jquery accordion stuff. I want to add a class to the div that contains the accordion trigger <a> tag. You can look at my code. I want to add "first" class name to just first "newsitems" class when clicked "Recession fashion in Japan Video" title. <!-- news items starts--> <div class="newsitems"> <h3 class="business"> <a href="#" title="expand"><img src="images/expand_icon.gif" alt="collapse" class="collpase" /> Recession fashion in Japan Video</a> </h3> <p class="timestamp">0100hrs</p> </div> <!-- news items ends--> <!-- news items starts--> <div class="newsitems"> <h3 class="sports"> <a href="#" title="expand"><img src="images/expand_icon.gif" alt="collapse" class="collpase" /> Murray survives five-set thriller at Wimbledon</a> </h3> <p class="timestamp">0100hrs</p> </div> <!-- news items ends-->

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  • [C++] A minimalistic smart array (container) class template

    - by legends2k
    I've written a (array) container class template (lets call it smart array) for using it in the BREW platform (which doesn't allow many C++ constructs like STD library, exceptions, etc. It has a very minimal C++ runtime support); while writing this my friend said that something like this already exists in Boost called MultiArray, I tried it but the ARM compiler (RVCT) cries with 100s of errors. I've not seen Boost.MultiArray's source, I've just started learning template only lately; template meta programming interests me a lot, although am not sure if this is strictly one, which can be categorised thus. So I want all my fellow C++ aficionados to review it ~ point out flaws, potential bugs, suggestions, optimisations, etc.; somthing like "you've not written your own Big Three which might lead to...". Possibly any criticism that'll help me improve this class and thereby my C++ skills. smart_array.h #include <vector> using std::vector; template <typename T, size_t N> class smart_array { vector < smart_array<T, N - 1> > vec; public: explicit smart_array(vector <size_t> &dimensions) { assert(N == dimensions.size()); vector <size_t>::iterator it = ++dimensions.begin(); vector <size_t> dimensions_remaining(it, dimensions.end()); smart_array <T, N - 1> temp_smart_array(dimensions_remaining); vec.assign(dimensions[0], temp_smart_array); } explicit smart_array(size_t dimension_1 = 1, ...) { static_assert(N > 0, "Error: smart_array expects 1 or more dimension(s)"); assert(dimension_1 > 1); va_list dim_list; vector <size_t> dimensions_remaining(N - 1); va_start(dim_list, dimension_1); for(size_t i = 0; i < N - 1; ++i) { size_t dimension_n = va_arg(dim_list, size_t); assert(dimension_n > 0); dimensions_remaining[i] = dimension_n; } va_end(dim_list); smart_array <T, N - 1> temp_smart_array(dimensions_remaining); vec.assign(dimension_1, temp_smart_array); } smart_array<T, N - 1>& operator[](size_t index) { assert(index < vec.size() && index >= 0); return vec[index]; } size_t length() const { return vec.size(); } }; template<typename T> class smart_array<T, 1> { vector <T> vec; public: explicit smart_array(vector <size_t> &dimension) : vec(dimension[0]) { assert(dimension[0] > 0); } explicit smart_array(size_t dimension_1 = 1) : vec(dimension_1) { assert(dimension_1 > 0); } T& operator[](size_t index) { assert(index < vec.size() && index >= 0); return vec[index]; } size_t length() { return vec.size(); } }; Sample Usage: #include <iostream> using std::cout; using std::endl; int main() { // testing 1 dimension smart_array <int, 1> x(3); x[0] = 0, x[1] = 1, x[2] = 2; cout << "x.length(): " << x.length() << endl; // testing 2 dimensions smart_array <float, 2> y(2, 3); y[0][0] = y[0][1] = y[0][2] = 0; y[1][0] = y[1][1] = y[1][2] = 1; cout << "y.length(): " << y.length() << endl; cout << "y[0].length(): " << y[0].length() << endl; // testing 3 dimensions smart_array <char, 3> z(2, 4, 5); cout << "z.length(): " << z.length() << endl; cout << "z[0].length(): " << z[0].length() << endl; cout << "z[0][0].length(): " << z[0][0].length() << endl; z[0][0][4] = 'c'; cout << z[0][0][4] << endl; // testing 4 dimensions smart_array <bool, 4> r(2, 3, 4, 5); cout << "z.length(): " << r.length() << endl; cout << "z[0].length(): " << r[0].length() << endl; cout << "z[0][0].length(): " << r[0][0].length() << endl; cout << "z[0][0][0].length(): " << r[0][0][0].length() << endl; // testing copy constructor smart_array <float, 2> copy_y(y); cout << "copy_y.length(): " << copy_y.length() << endl; cout << "copy_x[0].length(): " << copy_y[0].length() << endl; cout << copy_y[0][0] << "\t" << copy_y[1][0] << "\t" << copy_y[0][1] << "\t" << copy_y[1][1] << "\t" << copy_y[0][2] << "\t" << copy_y[1][2] << endl; return 0; }

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  • Ajax request not receiving xml from Django

    - by amougeot
    I have a Django server which handles requests to a URL which will return some HTML for use in an image gallery. I can navigate to the URL and the browser will display the HTML that is returned, but I can't get that same HTML by doing an AJAX call (using jQuery) to the same URL. This is the view that generates the response: def gallery_images(request, gallery_name): return render_to_response('galleryimages.html', {'images': get_images_of_gallery(gallery_name)}, mimetype='text/xml') This is the 'galleryimages.html' template: {% for image in images %} <div id="{{image.name}}big"> <div class="actualImage" style="background-image:url({{image.image.name}});"> <h1>{{image.caption|safe}}</h1> </div> </div> {% endfor %} This is the jQuery call I am making: $("#allImages").load("http://localhost:8000/galleryimages/Web"); However, this loads nothing into my #allImages div. I've used firebug and ran jQuery's Ajax method .get("http://localhost:8000/galleryimages/Web") and firebug says that the response text is completely empty. When I check my Django server log, this is the entry I see for when I navigate to the URL manually, through my browser: [16/Jan/2010 17:34:10] "GET /galleryimages/Web HTTP/1.1" 200 215 This is the entry in the server log for when I make the AJAX call: [16/Jan/2010 17:36:19] "OPTIONS /galleryimages/Web HTTP/1.1" 200 215 Why does the AJAX request not get the xml that my Django page is serving?

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  • Why are these lines being skipped? (java)

    - by David
    Here's the relevant bit of the source code: class Dice { String name ; int x ; int[] sum ; ... public Dice (String name) { this.name = name ; this.x = 0 ; this.sum = new int[7] ; } ... public static void main (String[] arg) { Dice a1 = new Dice ("a1") ; printValues (a1) ; } public static void printDice (Dice Dice) { System.out.println (Dice.name) ; System.out.println ("value: "+Dice.x) ; printValues (Dice) ; } public static void printValues (Dice Dice) { for (int i = 0; i<Dice.sum.length; i++) System.out.println ("#of "+i+"'s: "+Dice.sum[i]) ; } } Here is the output: #of 0's: 0 #of 1's: 0 #of 2's: 0 #of 3's: 0 #of 4's: 0 #of 5's: 0 #of 6's: 0 Why didn't these two lines execute inside printDice: System.out.println (Dice.name) ; System.out.println ("value: "+Dice.x) ; if they had then i would expect to see "a1" and "Value: 0" printed at the top of the rows of #of's

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  • Domain validates but won't save

    - by marko
    I have the following setup. Class, say, Car that has a CarPart (belongsTo=[car:Car]). When I'm creating a Car I also want to create som default CarParts, so I do def car = new Car(bla bla bla) def part = new CarPart(car:car) Now, when I do car.validate() or part.validate() it seems fine. But when I do if(car.save && part.save() I get this exception: 2012-03-24 14:02:21,943 [http-8080-4] ERROR util.JDBCExceptionReporter - Batch entry 0 insert into car_part (version, car_id, id) values ('0', '297', '298') was aborted. Call getNextException to see the cause. 2012-03-24 14:02:21,943 [http-8080-4] ERROR util.JDBCExceptionReporter - ERROR: value too long for type character varying(6) 2012-03-24 14:02:21,943 [http-8080-4] ERROR events.PatchedDefaultFlushEventListener - Could not synchronize database state with session org.hibernate.exception.DataException: Could not execute JDBC batch update Stacktrace follows: java.sql.BatchUpdateException: Batch entry 0 insert into car_part (version, deal_id, id) values ('0', '297', '298') was aborted. Call getNextException to see the cause. at org.postgresql.jdbc2.AbstractJdbc2Statement$BatchResultHandler.handleError(AbstractJdbc2Statement.java:2621) at org.postgresql.core.v3.QueryExecutorImpl.processResults(QueryExecutorImpl.java:1837) at org.postgresql.core.v3.QueryExecutorImpl.execute(QueryExecutorImpl.java:407) at org.postgresql.jdbc2.AbstractJdbc2Statement.executeBatch(AbstractJdbc2Statement.java:2754) at $Proxy20.flush(Unknown Source) at ristretto.DealController$_closure5.doCall(DealController.groovy:109) at ristretto.DealController$_closure5.doCall(DealController.groovy) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:722) Any ideas?

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  • Learning OOP in PHP, trying to refactor my code. Can't connect to database anymore.

    - by Cortopasta
    Thought I understood how classes work, then I tried this code: class user { var $dbcon; var $dbinfo; var $con; var $error; function dbConnect() { $this->dbinfo['server'] = "localhost"; $this->dbinfo['database'] = "foolish_faith"; $this->dbinfo['user'] = "user"; $this->dbinfo['password'] = "password"; $this->con = "mysql:host=".$dbinfo['server']."; dbname=".$dbinfo['database']; $this->dbcon = new PDO($con, $dbinfo['user'], $dbinfo['password']); $this->dbcon->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION); $this->error = $this->dbcon->errorInfo(); if ($error[0] != "") { print "Error!"; print_r($error); } } } Now it just spits out this error: Fatal error: Uncaught exception 'PDOException' with message 'invalid data source name' in E:\PortableApps\xampp\htdocs\dbcon.php:24 Stack trace: #0 E:\PortableApps\xampp\htdocs\dbcon.php(24): PDO-__construct('', NULL, NULL) #1 E:\PortableApps\xampp\htdocs\login.php(4): user-dbConnect() #2 {main} thrown in E:\PortableApps\xampp\htdocs\dbcon.php on line 24 Can anybody see what I'm doing wrong, as I'm sure it has to do with my lack of knowledge when it comes to classes?

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  • Object model design choice

    - by spinon
    I am currently working on a ASP.NET MVC reporting application using C#. This is a redesign from a PHP application that was just initially thrown together and is now starting to gain some more traction. SowWe are in the process of reworking the backend to have a more OO approach. One of the descisions I am currently wrestling with is how to structure the domain objects. Since 95% of the site is readonly I am not sure if the typical approaches are practical. Should I create domain objects for the primary pieces of the application (ticket, assignment, assignee) and then create static methods off of these areas to pull the reporting data? Or should I just skip that part and create the chart data classes and have some get method off of these classes? It's not a real big application and currenlty I am the only one developing on it. But I feel torn as to which approach. I feel that the first one is the better choice but maybe overkill given that the majority of uses is for aggregate reporting. Anybody have some good insight on why I should go one way or another?

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  • Python OOP - object has no attribute

    - by user1744269
    I am attempting to learn how to program. I really do want to learn how to program; I love the building and design aspect of it. However, in Java and Python, I have tried and failed with programs as they pertain to objects, classes, methods.. I am trying to develop some code for a program, but im stumped. I know this is a simple error. However I am lost! I am hoping someone can guide me to a working program, but also help me learn (criticism is not only expected, but APPRECIATED). class Converter: def cTOf(self, numFrom): numFrom = self.numFrom numTo = (self.numFrom * (9/5)) + 32 print (str(numTo) + ' degrees Farenheit') return numTo def fTOc(self, numFrom): numFrom = self.numFrom numTo = ((numFrom - 32) * (5/9)) return numTo convert = Converter() numFrom = (float(input('Enter a number to convert.. '))) unitFrom = input('What unit would you like to convert from.. ') unitTo = input('What unit would you like to convert to.. ') if unitFrom == ('celcius'): convert.cTOf(numFrom) print(numTo) input('Please hit enter..') if unitFrom == ('farenheit'): convert.fTOc(numFrom) print(numTo) input('Please hit enter..')

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  • Writing Unit Tests for an ASP.NET MVC Action Method that handles Ajax Request and Normal Request

    - by shiju
    In this blog post, I will demonstrate how to write unit tests for an ASP.NET MVC action method, which handles both Ajax request and normal HTTP Request. I will write a unit test for specifying the behavior of an Ajax request and will write another unit test for specifying the behavior of a normal HTTP request. Both Ajax request and normal request will be handled by a single action method. So the ASP.NET MVC action method will be execute HTTP Request object’s IsAjaxRequest method for identifying whether it is an Ajax request or not. So we have to create mock object for Request object and also have to make as a Ajax request from the unit test for verifying the behavior of an Ajax request. I have used NUnit and Moq for writing unit tests. Let me write a unit test for a Ajax request Code Snippet [Test] public void Index_AjaxRequest_Returns_Partial_With_Expense_List() {     // Arrange       Mock<HttpRequestBase> request = new Mock<HttpRequestBase>();     Mock<HttpResponseBase> response = new Mock<HttpResponseBase>();     Mock<HttpContextBase> context = new Mock<HttpContextBase>();       context.Setup(c => c.Request).Returns(request.Object);     context.Setup(c => c.Response).Returns(response.Object);     //Add XMLHttpRequest request header     request.Setup(req => req["X-Requested-With"]).         Returns("XMLHttpRequest");       IEnumerable<Expense> fakeExpenses = GetMockExpenses();     expenseRepository.Setup(x => x.GetMany(It.         IsAny<Expression<Func<Expense, bool>>>())).         Returns(fakeExpenses);     ExpenseController controller = new ExpenseController(         commandBus.Object, categoryRepository.Object,         expenseRepository.Object);     controller.ControllerContext = new ControllerContext(         context.Object, new RouteData(), controller);     // Act     var result = controller.Index(null, null) as PartialViewResult;     // Assert     Assert.AreEqual("_ExpenseList", result.ViewName);     Assert.IsNotNull(result, "View Result is null");     Assert.IsInstanceOf(typeof(IEnumerable<Expense>),             result.ViewData.Model, "Wrong View Model");     var expenses = result.ViewData.Model as IEnumerable<Expense>;     Assert.AreEqual(3, expenses.Count(),         "Got wrong number of Categories");         }   In the above unit test, we are calling Index action method of a controller named ExpenseController, which will returns a PartialView named _ExpenseList, if it is an Ajax request. We have created mock object for HTTPContextBase and setup XMLHttpRequest request header for Request object’s X-Requested-With for making it as a Ajax request. We have specified the ControllerContext property of the controller with mocked object HTTPContextBase. Code Snippet controller.ControllerContext = new ControllerContext(         context.Object, new RouteData(), controller); Let me write a unit test for a normal HTTP method Code Snippet [Test] public void Index_NormalRequest_Returns_Index_With_Expense_List() {     // Arrange               Mock<HttpRequestBase> request = new Mock<HttpRequestBase>();     Mock<HttpResponseBase> response = new Mock<HttpResponseBase>();     Mock<HttpContextBase> context = new Mock<HttpContextBase>();       context.Setup(c => c.Request).Returns(request.Object);     context.Setup(c => c.Response).Returns(response.Object);       IEnumerable<Expense> fakeExpenses = GetMockExpenses();       expenseRepository.Setup(x => x.GetMany(It.         IsAny<Expression<Func<Expense, bool>>>())).         Returns(fakeExpenses);     ExpenseController controller = new ExpenseController(         commandBus.Object, categoryRepository.Object,         expenseRepository.Object);     controller.ControllerContext = new ControllerContext(         context.Object, new RouteData(), controller);     // Act     var result = controller.Index(null, null) as ViewResult;     // Assert     Assert.AreEqual("Index", result.ViewName);     Assert.IsNotNull(result, "View Result is null");     Assert.IsInstanceOf(typeof(IEnumerable<Expense>),             result.ViewData.Model, "Wrong View Model");     var expenses = result.ViewData.Model         as IEnumerable<Expense>;     Assert.AreEqual(3, expenses.Count(),         "Got wrong number of Categories"); }   In the above unit test, we are not specifying the XMLHttpRequest request header for Request object’s X-Requested-With, so that it will be normal HTTP Request. If this is a normal request, the action method will return a ViewResult with a view template named Index. The below is the implementation of Index action method Code Snippet public ActionResult Index(DateTime? startDate, DateTime? endDate) {     //If date is not passed, take current month's first and last date     DateTime dtNow;     dtNow = DateTime.Today;     if (!startDate.HasValue)     {         startDate = new DateTime(dtNow.Year, dtNow.Month, 1);         endDate = startDate.Value.AddMonths(1).AddDays(-1);     }     //take last date of start date's month, if end date is not passed     if (startDate.HasValue && !endDate.HasValue)     {         endDate = (new DateTime(startDate.Value.Year,             startDate.Value.Month, 1)).AddMonths(1).AddDays(-1);     }     var expenses = expenseRepository.GetMany(         exp => exp.Date >= startDate && exp.Date <= endDate);     //if request is Ajax will return partial view     if (Request.IsAjaxRequest())     {         return PartialView("_ExpenseList", expenses);     }     //set start date and end date to ViewBag dictionary     ViewBag.StartDate = startDate.Value.ToShortDateString();     ViewBag.EndDate = endDate.Value.ToShortDateString();     //if request is not ajax     return View("Index",expenses); }   The index action method will returns a PartialView named _ExpenseList, if it is an Ajax request and will returns a View named Index if it is a normal request. Source Code The source code has been taken from my EFMVC app which can download from here

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  • Acr.ExtDirect &ndash; Part 1 &ndash; Method Resolvers

    - by Allan Ritchie
    One of the most important things of any open source libraries in my opinion is to be as open as possible while avoiding having your library become invasive to your code/business model design.  I personally could never stand marking my business and/or data access code with attributes everywhere.  XML also isn’t really a fav with too many people these days since it comes with a startup performance hit and requires runtime compiling.  I find that there is a whole ton of communication libraries out there currently requiring this (ie. WCF, RIA, etc).  Even though Acr.ExtDirect comes with its own set of attributes, you can piggy-back the [ServiceContract] & [OperationContract] attributes from WCF if you choose.  It goes beyond that though, there are 2 others “out-of-the-box” implementations – Convention based & XML Configuration.    Convention – I don’t actually recommend using this one since it opens up all of your public instance methods to remote execution calls. XML Configuration – This isn’t so bad but requires you enter all of your methods and there operation types into the Castle XML configuration & as I said earlier, XML isn’t the fav these days.   So what are your options if you don’t like attributes, convention, or XML Configuration?  Well, Acr.ExtDirect has its own extension base to give the API a list of methods and components to make available for remote execution.  1: public interface IDirectMethodResolver { 2:   3: bool IsServiceType(ComponentModel model, Type type); 4: string GetNamespace(ComponentModel model); 5: string[] GetDirectMethodNames(ComponentModel model); 6: DirectMethodType GetMethodType(ComponentModel model, MethodInfo method); 7: }   Now to implement our own method resolver:   1: public class TestResolver : IDirectMethodResolver { 2:   3: #region IDirectMethodResolver Members 4:   5: /// <summary> 6: /// Determine if you are calling a service 7: /// </summary> 8: /// <param name="model"></param> 9: /// <param name="type"></param> 10: /// <returns></returns> 11: public bool IsServiceType(ComponentModel model, Type type) { 12: return (type.Namespace == "MyBLL.Data"); 13: } 14:   15: /// <summary> 16: /// Return the calling name for the client side 17: /// </summary> 18: /// <param name="model"></param> 19: /// <returns></returns> 20: public string GetNamespace(ComponentModel model) { 21: return model.Name; 22: } 23:   24: public string[] GetDirectMethodNames(ComponentModel model) { 25: switch (model.Name) { 26: case "Products" : 27: return new [] { 28: "GetProducts", 29: "LoadProduct", 30: "Save", 31: "Update" 32: }; 33:   34: case "Categories" : 35: return new [] { 36: "GetProducts" 37: }; 38:   39: default : 40: throw new ArgumentException("Invalid type"); 41: } 42: } 43:   44: public DirectMethodType GetMethodType(ComponentModel model, MethodInfo method) { 45: if (method.Name.StartsWith("Save") || method.Name.StartsWith("Update")) 46: return DirectMethodType.FormSubmit; 47: 48: else if (method.Name.StartsWith("Load")) 49: return DirectMethodType.FormLoad; 50:   51: else 52: return DirectMethodType.Direct; 53: } 54:   55: #endregion 56: }   And there you have it, your own custom method resolver.  Pretty easy and pretty open ended!

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  • Is there a language or design pattern that allows the *removal* of object behavior or properties in a class hierarchy?

    - by Sebastien Diot
    A well-know shortcoming of traditional class hierarchies is that they are bad when it comes to model the real world. As an example, trying to represent animals species with classes. There are actually several problems when doing that, but one that I never saw a solution to is when a sub-class "looses" a behavior or properties that was defined in a super-class, like a penguin not being able to fly (there are probably better examples, but that's the first one that comes to my mind, having seen "Madagascar 2" recently). On the one hand, you don't want to define for every property and behavior some flag that specifies if it is at all present, and check it every time before accessing that behavior or property. You would just like to say that birds can fly, simply and clearly, in the Bird class. But then it would be nice if one could define "exceptions" afterward, without having to use some horrible hacks everywhere. This often happens when a system has been productive for a while. You suddenly find an "exception" that doesn't fit in the original design at all, and you don't want to change a large portion of your code to accommodate it. So, is there some language or design patterns that can cleanly handle this problem, without requiring major changes to the "super-class", and all the code that uses it? Even if a solution only handle a specific case, several solutions might together form a complete strategy. [EDIT] Forgot about the Liskov Substitution Principle. That is why you can't do it. Assuming you define "traits/interfaces" for all major "feature groups", you can freely implement traits in different branches of the hierarchy, like the Flying trait could be implemented by Birds, and some special kind of squirrels and fish. So my question could amount to "How could I un-implement a trait?" If your super-class is a Java Serializable, you have to be one too, even if there is no way for you to serialize your state, for example if you contained a "Socket". So one way to do it is to always define all your traits in pair from the start: Flying and NotFlying (which would throw UnsupportedOperationExceiption, if not checked against). The Not-trait would not define any new interface, and could be simply checked for. Sounds like a "cheap" solution, in particular if used from the start.

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  • Is it better to load up a class with methods or extend member functionality in a local subclass?

    - by Calvin Fisher
    Which is better? Class #1: public class SearchClass { public SearchClass (string ProgramName) { /* Searches LocalFile objects, handles exceptions, and puts results into m_Results. */ } DateTime TimeExecuted; bool OperationSuccessful; protected List<LocalFile> m_Results; public ReadOnlyCollection<LocalFile> Results { get { return new ReadOnlyCollection<LocalFile>(m_Results); } } #region Results Filters public DateTime OldestFileModified { get { /* Does what it says. */ } } public ReadOnlyCollection<LocalFile> ResultsWithoutProcessFiles() { return new ReadOnlyCollection<LocalFile> ((from x in m_Results where x.FileTypeID != FileTypeIDs.ProcessFile select x).ToList()); } #endregion } Or class #2: public class SearchClass { public SearchClass (string ProgramName) { /* Searches LocalFile objects, handles exceptions, and puts results into m_Results. */ } DateTime TimeExecuted; bool OperationSuccessful; protected List<LocalFile> m_Results; public ReadOnlyCollection<LocalFile> Results { get { return new ReadOnlyCollection<LocalFile>(m_Results); } } public class SearchResults : ReadOnlyCollection<LocalFile> { public SearchResults(IList<LocalFile> iList) : base(iList) { } #region Results Filters public DateTime OldestFileModified { get { /* Does what it says. */ } } public ReadOnlyCollection<LocalFile> ResultsWithoutProcessFiles() { return new ReadOnlyCollection<LocalFile> ((from x in this where x.FileTypeID != FileTypeIDs.ProcessFile select x).ToList()); } #endregion } } ...with the implication that OperationSuccessful is accompanied by a number of more interesting properties on how the operation went, and OldestFileModified and ResultsWithoutProcessFiles() also have several more siblings in the Results Filters section.

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  • Does command/query separation apply to a method that creates an object and returns its ID?

    - by Gilles
    Let's pretend we have a service that calls a business process. This process will call on the data layer to create an object of type A in the database. Afterwards we need to call again on another class of the data layer to create an instance of type B in the database. We need to pass some information about A for a foreign key. In the first method we create an object (modify state) and return it's ID (query) in a single method. In the second method we have two methods, one (createA) for the save and the other (getId) for the query. public void FirstMethod(Info info) { var id = firstRepository.createA(info); secondRepository.createB(id); } public void SecondMethod(Info info) { firstRepository.createA(info); var key = firstRepository.getID(info); secondRepository.createB(key); } From my understanding the second method follows command query separation more fully. But I find it wasteful and counter-intuitive to query the database to get the object we have just created. How do you reconcile CQS with such a scenario? Does only the second method follow CQS and if so is it preferable to use it in this case?

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  • SceneManagers as systems in entity system or as a core class used by a system?

    - by Hatoru Hansou
    It seems entity systems are really popular here. Links posted by other users convinced me of the power of such system and I decided to try it. (Well, that and my original code getting messy) In my project, I originally had a SceneManager class that maintained needed logic and structures to organize the scene (QuadTree, 2D game). Before rendering I call selectRect() and pass the x,y of the camera and the width and height of the screen and then obtain a minimized list containing only visible entities ordered from back to front. Now with Systems, originally in my first attempt my Render system required to get added all entities it should handle. This may sound like the correct approach but I realized this was not efficient. Trying to optimize It I reused the SceneManager class internally in the Renderer system, but then I realized I needed methods such as selectRect() in others systems too (AI principally) and make the SceneManager accessible globally again. Currently I converted SceneManager to a system, and ended up with the following interface (only relevant methods): /// Base system interface class System { public: virtual void tick (double delta_time) = 0; // (methods to add and remove entities) }; typedef std::vector<Entity*> EntitiesVector; /// Specialized system interface to allow query the scene class SceneManager: public System { public: virtual EntitiesVector& cull () = 0; /// Sets the entity to be used as the camera and replaces previous ones. virtual void setCamera (Entity* entity) = 0; }; class SceneRenderer // Not a system { vitual void render (EntitiesVector& entities) = 0; }; Also I could not guess how to convert renderers to systems. My game separates logic updates from screen updates, my main class have a tick() method and a render() method that may not be called the same times. In my first attempt renderers were systems but they was saved in a separated manager, updated only in render() and not in tick() like all other systems. I realized that was silly and simply created a SceneRenderer interface and give up about converting them to systems, but that may be for another question. Then... something does not feel right, isn't it? If I understood correctly a system should not depend on another or even count with another system exposing an specific interface. Each system should care only about its entities, or nodes (as optimization, so they have direct references to relevant components without having to constantly call the component() or getComponent() method of the entity).

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  • what does composition example vs aggregation

    - by meWantToLearn
    Composition and aggregation both are confusion to me. Does my code sample below indicate composition or aggregation? class A { public static function getData($id) { //something } public static function checkUrl($url) { // something } class B { public function executePatch() { $data = A::getData(12); } public function readUrl() { $url = A::checkUrl('http/erere.com'); } public function storeData() { //something not related to class A at all } } } Is class B a composition of class A or is it aggregation of class A? Does composition purely mean that if class A gets deleted class B does not works at all and aggregation if class A gets deleted methods in class B that do not use class A will work?

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