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• SQL Server 2012 memory usage steadily growing

  - by pgmo

  I am very worried about the SQL Server 2012 Express instance on which my database is running: the SQL Server process memory usage is growing steadily (1.5GB after only 2 days working). The database is made of seven tables, each having a bigint primary key (Identity) and at least one non-unique index with some included columns to serve the majority of incoming queries. An external application is calling via Microsoft OLE DB some stored procedures, each of which do some calculations using intermediate temporary tables and/or table variables and finally do an upsert (UPDATE....IF @@ROWCOUNT=0 INSERT.....) - I never DROP those temporary tables explicitly: the frequency of those calls is about 100 calls every 5 seconds (I saw that the DLL used by the external application open a connection to SQL Server, do the call and then close the connection for each and every call). The database files are organized in only one filgegroup, recovery type is set to simple. Some questions to diagnose the problem: is that steadily growing memory normal? did I do any mistake in database design which probably lead to this behaviour? (no explicit temp-table drop, filegroup organization, etc) can SQL Server manage such a stored procedure call rate (100 calls every 5 seconds, i.e. 100 upsert every 5 seconds, beyond intermediate calculations)? do the continuous "open connection/do sp call/close connection" pattern disturb SQL Server? is it possible to diagnose what is causing such a memory usage? Perhaps queues of wating requests? (I ran sp_who2, but I didn't see a big amount of orphan connections from the external application) if I restrict the amount of memory which SQL Server is allowed to use, may I sooner or later get into trouble?

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• Windows Server 2003 VPN and Local network

  - by depo

  I have some problems reaching local network , where VPN Windows 2003 server stands. I have a network, which has a VPN server (LAN ip 10.0.0.201). I created a VPN server on that server with different subnet for VPN users (10.0.5.0). After VPN connection is initiated , i am able to acces only 10.0.0.201, but not other PC, which belongs to that network ( all i need to access 10.0.0.203 and 10.0.0.208). I think i need to add somethink to static route table, or not? C:\Documents and Settings\Administratorroute PRINT IPv4 Route Table Active Routes: Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.0.0.254 10.0.0.201 10 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 10.0.0.201 10.0.0.201 10 10.0.0.201 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 10 10.0.5.1 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 50 10.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 10.0.0.201 10.0.0.201 10 127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 1 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 10.0.0.201 10.0.0.201 10 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 10.0.0.201 10.0.0.201 1 Default Gateway: 10.0.0.254 Persistent Routes: None C:\Documents and Settings\Administratoripconfig /all PPP adapter RAS Server (Dial In) Interface: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Description . . . . . . . . . . . : WAN (PPP/SLIP) Interface Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-53-45-00-00-00 DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 10.0.5.1 Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.255 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection 2: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Intel(R) PRO/1000 MT Network Connection Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-0E-0C-3D-C9-51 DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 10.0.0.201 Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.0.0.0 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 10.0.0.254 DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 127.0.0.1 Primary WINS Server . . . . . . . : 10.0.0.201 NetBIOS over Tcpip. . . . . . . . : Disabled VPN Client PPP adapter VPN Connection 2: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Description . . . . . . . . . . . : VPN Connection 2 Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 10.0.5.4(Preferred) Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.255 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 10.0.0.201 Primary WINS Server . . . . . . . : 10.0.0.201 NetBIOS over Tcpip. . . . . . . . : Enabled

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• FTP timeout but SSH is working?

  - by nmarti

  I have a problem in my server, when I try to connect via FTP to a domain, the connexion is VERY slow, and I get timeouts just listing files in a directory. When I try to connect to the domain folder using the root user account via SSH, it works fine, and I can download the files without problem. What can be wrong? I tried to reboot the server, also the office router, and nothing... It is a fedora core 7 server with proftpd. Can it be a filesystem problem? Thanks. CONNECTION LOG: Cmd: MLST about.php 250: Start of list for about.php modify=20120910092528;perm=adfrw;size=2197;type=file;UNIX.group=505;UNIX.mode=0644;UNIX.owner=10089; about.php End of list Cmd: PASV 227: Entering Passive Mode (***hidden***). Data connection timed out. Falling back to PORT instead of PASV mode. Connection falling back to port (PORT) mode. Cmd: PORT ***hidden*** 200: PORT command successful Cmd: RETR about.php Could not accept a data connection: Operation timed out.

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• PPTP VPN on Server 2008 Enterprise

  - by Mike K

  I asked this question on Server fault and was told that was not allowed so im moving it here. I am running Windows Server 2008 enterprise in my HOME network inside of vmware workstation. I am running this on my home network to setup a PPTP VPN connection at home. I have correctly setup everything I needed to make it work, including opening all the ports, 1723 and 43 (GRE). I am able to connect just fine, but when I connect I dont have internet unless I uncheck use remote gateway. The thing is, I want to use the remote gateway to route all my traffic through that connection. Can someone tell me why this isnt working and how to get it to work. When I have remote gateway checked, and I do an ipconfig I dont get a remote gateway for the VPN connection, its 0.0.0.0 when id assume if connected properly should be 192.168.1.254 (my ATT Home Router). Also, if I cant get the remote gateway issue to work, and I have to uncheck that box to get internet, does this mean my VPN session is no longer encrypted? I am fully aware the PPTP VPN is the weakest VPN encryption out there but still having that extra layer of security when im on an unsecure wifi connection makes me feel a bit better. Thank you for all your help in advance. Someone told me I need to setup a gateway or router configured on the server. If thats the case, how go I go about telling the remote co

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• how to throttle http requests on a linux machine?

  - by hooraygradschool

  EDIT: here is the summery: i need to reduce max connections preferably system wide on Ubuntu 11.04 but at least within Google Chrome. i do not need or want to throttle bandwidth, Verizon seems to only care about the number of connections so that is all i want to change. also, i don't want to use firefox unless i have to, i have three other machines all using chrome and synced and i just prefer it over firefox. i use tethering for my home internet connection via my verizon cell phone. without paying for it. this works just fine for streaming netflix via my nintendo wii and pretty much every other conceivable use ive had for it. except, during heavy usage with multiple tabs open on my laptop, the network connection on my phone will just turn off, then on again, then off, but it never fully connects. i think, based on this and other questions that this is caused by verizon getting too many http requests from my phone. is there some software, script, setting or otherwise that would allow me to throttle my requests to say, 5 or 10 or whatever it turns out is 1 less than verizon is looking for, so that my cell's network connection is not lost? i would far prefer a slow down rather than complete shut off of my internet connection. i am almost certain is from quantity of requests and not related to data, because, as i mentioned, netflix will run all day without a hitch, and that uses more data than anything else i would be doing. if i had a router i am pretty sure there are settings i could easily change to only allow so many requests at a time ... but in this case, my phone is my router, so no settings. im using ubuntu 11.04 on my netbook with an htc incredible on verizon (not that the phone details are relevant) i have been trying to figure this out for quite some time, currently the only fix is ensure that all requests are stopped and then sometimes it works again, other times i have to manually turn my 3g service off and then back on. thank you so much for any assistance!

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• Setting up a server that routes local traffic through vpn, while still being able to access internet directly

  - by Kazuo

  The goal is to setup a local server that routes local traffic through an uncontrolled remote vpn service while still being able to access the internet directly (not tunneled via vpn) and provide services through that direct connection. It is supposed to look like this: http://i.stack.imgur.com/74dGC.png Note: There is another router with modem between the local server and the internet. What is the easiest (best?) way to get this network setup working? I'm planning to setup the connection between the local router and the local server with simple ip forwarding. The problem now is that all the server's traffic is routed through the vpn tunnel as soon as I connect the server's openvpn client to the remote service so there is no direct internet connection available. My first idea was to setup a virtual machine (lxc container or something) and run the vpn client and local networking stuff in the vm. So that the vm receives all the incoming traffic from the local router and tunnels it through the vpn. This, as far as I understand, should not affect the physical server's network connection and should allow it to provide services to the internet. Before I start trying to set this up (I don't have much experience in networking), is there any easier or better way to do this? I would be thankful for every suggestion. Edit: Let's say the interface connected to the internet is eth0 and the interface connected to the local router is eth1. Another idea would be to create a virtual interface eth0:0 and specifiy it as openvpn's local endpoint and then force any traffic coming from eth1 through eth0:0. I'm not sure how I would force the traffic through eth0:0, though (possibly by adding routes).

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• Blackberry Player, custom data source

  - by Alex

  Hello I must create a custom media player within the application with support for mp3 and wav files. I read in the documentation i cant seek or get the media file duration without a custom datasoruce. I checked the demo in the JDE 4.6 but i have still problems... I cant get the duration, it return much more then the expected so i`m sure i screwed up something while i modified the code to read the mp3 file locally from the filesystem. Somebody can help me what i did wrong ? (I can hear the mp3, so the player plays it correctly from start to end) I must support OSs = 4.6. Thank You Here is my modified datasource LimitedRateStreaminSource.java * Copyright © 1998-2009 Research In Motion Ltd. Note: For the sake of simplicity, this sample application may not leverage resource bundles and resource strings. However, it is STRONGLY recommended that application developers make use of the localization features available within the BlackBerry development platform to ensure a seamless application experience across a variety of languages and geographies. For more information on localizing your application, please refer to the BlackBerry Java Development Environment Development Guide associated with this release. */ package com.halcyon.tawkwidget.model; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.OutputStream; import javax.microedition.io.Connector; import javax.microedition.io.file.FileConnection; import javax.microedition.media.Control; import javax.microedition.media.protocol.ContentDescriptor; import javax.microedition.media.protocol.DataSource; import javax.microedition.media.protocol.SourceStream; import net.rim.device.api.io.SharedInputStream; /** * The data source used by the BufferedPlayback's media player. / public final class LimitedRateStreamingSource extends DataSource { /* The max size to be read from the stream at one time. */ private static final int READ_CHUNK = 512; // bytes /** A reference to the field which displays the load status. */ //private TextField _loadStatusField; /** A reference to the field which displays the player status. */ //private TextField _playStatusField; /** * The minimum number of bytes that must be buffered before the media file * will begin playing. */ private int _startBuffer = 200000; /** The maximum size (in bytes) of a single read. */ private int _readLimit = 32000; /** * The minimum forward byte buffer which must be maintained in order for * the video to keep playing. If the forward buffer falls below this * number, the playback will pause until the buffer increases. */ private int _pauseBytes = 64000; /** * The minimum forward byte buffer required to resume * playback after a pause. */ private int _resumeBytes = 128000; /** The stream connection over which media content is passed. */ //private ContentConnection _contentConnection; private FileConnection _fileConnection; /** An input stream shared between several readers. */ private SharedInputStream _readAhead; /** A stream to the buffered resource. */ private LimitedRateSourceStream _feedToPlayer; /** The MIME type of the remote media file. */ private String _forcedContentType; /** A counter for the total number of buffered bytes */ private volatile int _totalRead; /** A flag used to tell the connection thread to stop */ private volatile boolean _stop; /** * A flag used to indicate that the initial buffering is complete. In * other words, that the current buffer is larger than the defined start * buffer size. */ private volatile boolean _bufferingComplete; /** A flag used to indicate that the remote file download is complete. */ private volatile boolean _downloadComplete; /** The thread which retrieves the remote media file. */ private ConnectionThread _loaderThread; /** The local save file into which the remote file is written. */ private FileConnection _saveFile; /** A stream for the local save file. */ private OutputStream _saveStream; /** * Constructor. * @param locator The locator that describes the DataSource. */ public LimitedRateStreamingSource(String locator) { super(locator); } /** * Open a connection to the locator. * @throws IOException */ public void connect() throws IOException { //Open the connection to the remote file. _fileConnection = (FileConnection)Connector.open(getLocator(), Connector.READ); //Cache a reference to the locator. String locator = getLocator(); //Report status. System.out.println("Loading: " + locator); //System.out.println("Size: " + _contentConnection.getLength()); System.out.println("Size: " + _fileConnection.totalSize()); //The name of the remote file begins after the last forward slash. int filenameStart = locator.lastIndexOf('/'); //The file name ends at the first instance of a semicolon. int paramStart = locator.indexOf(';'); //If there is no semicolon, the file name ends at the end of the line. if (paramStart < 0) { paramStart = locator.length(); } //Extract the file name. String filename = locator.substring(filenameStart, paramStart); System.out.println("Filename: " + filename); //Open a local save file with the same name as the remote file. _saveFile = (FileConnection) Connector.open("file:///SDCard/blackberry/music" + filename, Connector.READ_WRITE); //If the file doesn't already exist, create it. if (!_saveFile.exists()) { _saveFile.create(); } System.out.println("---------- 1"); //Open the file for writing. _saveFile.setReadable(true); //Open a shared input stream to the local save file to //allow many simultaneous readers. SharedInputStream fileStream = SharedInputStream.getSharedInputStream(_saveFile.openInputStream()); //Begin reading at the beginning of the file. fileStream.setCurrentPosition(0); System.out.println("---------- 2"); //If the local file is smaller than the remote file... if (_saveFile.fileSize() < _fileConnection.totalSize()) { System.out.println("---------- 3"); //Did not get the entire file, set the system to try again. _saveFile.setWritable(true); System.out.println("---------- 4"); //A non-null save stream is used as a flag later to indicate that //the file download was incomplete. _saveStream = _saveFile.openOutputStream(); System.out.println("---------- 5"); //Use a new shared input stream for buffered reading. _readAhead = SharedInputStream.getSharedInputStream(_fileConnection.openInputStream()); System.out.println("---------- 6"); } else { //The download is complete. System.out.println("---------- 7"); _downloadComplete = true; //We can use the initial input stream to read the buffered media. _readAhead = fileStream; System.out.println("---------- 8"); //We can close the remote connection. _fileConnection.close(); System.out.println("---------- 9"); } if (_forcedContentType != null) { //Use the user-defined content type if it is set. System.out.println("---------- 10"); _feedToPlayer = new LimitedRateSourceStream(_readAhead, _forcedContentType); System.out.println("---------- 11"); } else { System.out.println("---------- 12"); //Otherwise, use the MIME types of the remote file. // _feedToPlayer = new LimitedRateSourceStream(_readAhead, _fileConnection)); } System.out.println("---------- 13"); } /** * Destroy and close all existing connections. */ public void disconnect() { try { if (_saveStream != null) { //Destroy the stream to the local save file. _saveStream.close(); _saveStream = null; } //Close the local save file. _saveFile.close(); if (_readAhead != null) { //Close the reader stream. _readAhead.close(); _readAhead = null; } //Close the remote file connection. _fileConnection.close(); //Close the stream to the player. _feedToPlayer.close(); } catch (Exception e) { System.err.println(e.getMessage()); } } /** * Returns the content type of the remote file. * @return The content type of the remote file. */ public String getContentType() { return _feedToPlayer.getContentDescriptor().getContentType(); } /** * Returns a stream to the buffered resource. * @return A stream to the buffered resource. */ public SourceStream[] getStreams() { return new SourceStream[] { _feedToPlayer }; } /** * Starts the connection thread used to download the remote file. */ public void start() throws IOException { //If the save stream is null, we have already completely downloaded //the file. if (_saveStream != null) { //Open the connection thread to finish downloading the file. _loaderThread = new ConnectionThread(); _loaderThread.start(); } } /** * Stop the connection thread. */ public void stop() throws IOException { //Set the boolean flag to stop the thread. _stop = true; } /** * @see javax.microedition.media.Controllable#getControl(String) */ public Control getControl(String controlType) { // No implemented Controls. return null; } /** * @see javax.microedition.media.Controllable#getControls() */ public Control[] getControls() { // No implemented Controls. return null; } /** * Force the lower level stream to a given content type. Must be called * before the connect function in order to work. * @param contentType The content type to use. */ public void setContentType(String contentType) { _forcedContentType = contentType; } /** * A stream to the buffered media resource. */ private final class LimitedRateSourceStream implements SourceStream { /** A stream to the local copy of the remote resource. */ private SharedInputStream _baseSharedStream; /** Describes the content type of the media file. */ private ContentDescriptor _contentDescriptor; /** * Constructor. Creates a LimitedRateSourceStream from * the given InputStream. * @param inputStream The input stream used to create a new reader. * @param contentType The content type of the remote file. */ LimitedRateSourceStream(InputStream inputStream, String contentType) { System.out.println("[LimitedRateSoruceStream]---------- 1"); _baseSharedStream = SharedInputStream.getSharedInputStream(inputStream); System.out.println("[LimitedRateSoruceStream]---------- 2"); _contentDescriptor = new ContentDescriptor(contentType); System.out.println("[LimitedRateSoruceStream]---------- 3"); } /** * Returns the content descriptor for this stream. * @return The content descriptor for this stream. */ public ContentDescriptor getContentDescriptor() { return _contentDescriptor; } /** * Returns the length provided by the connection. * @return long The length provided by the connection. */ public long getContentLength() { return _fileConnection.totalSize(); } /** * Returns the seek type of the stream. */ public int getSeekType() { return RANDOM_ACCESSIBLE; //return SEEKABLE_TO_START; } /** * Returns the maximum size (in bytes) of a single read. */ public int getTransferSize() { return _readLimit; } /** * Writes bytes from the buffer into a byte array for playback. * @param bytes The buffer into which the data is read. * @param off The start offset in array b at which the data is written. * @param len The maximum number of bytes to read. * @return the total number of bytes read into the buffer, or -1 if * there is no more data because the end of the stream has been reached. * @throws IOException */ public int read(byte[] bytes, int off, int len) throws IOException { System.out.println("[LimitedRateSoruceStream]---------- 5"); System.out.println("Read Request for: " + len + " bytes"); //Limit bytes read to our readLimit. int readLength = len; System.out.println("[LimitedRateSoruceStream]---------- 6"); if (readLength > getReadLimit()) { readLength = getReadLimit(); } //The number of available byes in the buffer. int available; //A boolean flag indicating that the thread should pause //until the buffer has increased sufficiently. boolean paused = false; System.out.println("[LimitedRateSoruceStream]---------- 7"); for (;;) { available = _baseSharedStream.available(); System.out.println("[LimitedRateSoruceStream]---------- 8"); if (_downloadComplete) { //Ignore all restrictions if downloading is complete. System.out.println("Complete, Reading: " + len + " - Available: " + available); return _baseSharedStream.read(bytes, off, len); } else if(_bufferingComplete) { if (paused && available > getResumeBytes()) { //If the video is paused due to buffering, but the //number of available byes is sufficiently high, //resume playback of the media. System.out.println("Resuming - Available: " + available); paused = false; return _baseSharedStream.read(bytes, off, readLength); } else if(!paused && (available > getPauseBytes() || available > readLength)) { //We have enough information for this media playback. if (available < getPauseBytes()) { //If the buffer is now insufficient, set the //pause flag. paused = true; } System.out.println("Reading: " + readLength + " - Available: " + available); return _baseSharedStream.read(bytes, off, readLength); } else if(!paused) { //Set pause until loaded enough to resume. paused = true; } } else { //We are not ready to start yet, try sleeping to allow the //buffer to increase. try { Thread.sleep(500); } catch (Exception e) { System.err.println(e.getMessage()); } } } } /** * @see javax.microedition.media.protocol.SourceStream#seek(long) */ public long seek(long where) throws IOException { _baseSharedStream.setCurrentPosition((int) where); return _baseSharedStream.getCurrentPosition(); } /** * @see javax.microedition.media.protocol.SourceStream#tell() */ public long tell() { return _baseSharedStream.getCurrentPosition(); } /** * Close the stream. * @throws IOException */ void close() throws IOException { _baseSharedStream.close(); } /** * @see javax.microedition.media.Controllable#getControl(String) */ public Control getControl(String controlType) { // No implemented controls. return null; } /** * @see javax.microedition.media.Controllable#getControls() */ public Control[] getControls() { // No implemented controls. return null; } } /** * A thread which downloads the remote file and writes it to the local file. */ private final class ConnectionThread extends Thread { /** * Download the remote media file, then write it to the local * file. * @see java.lang.Thread#run() */ public void run() { try { byte[] data = new byte[READ_CHUNK]; int len = 0; //Until we reach the end of the file. while (-1 != (len = _readAhead.read(data))) { _totalRead += len; if (!_bufferingComplete && _totalRead > getStartBuffer()) { //We have enough of a buffer to begin playback. _bufferingComplete = true; System.out.println("Initial Buffering Complete"); } if (_stop) { //Stop reading. return; } } System.out.println("Downloading Complete"); System.out.println("Total Read: " + _totalRead); //If the downloaded data is not the same size //as the remote file, something is wrong. if (_totalRead != _fileConnection.totalSize()) { System.err.println("* Unable to Download entire file *"); } _downloadComplete = true; _readAhead.setCurrentPosition(0); //Write downloaded data to the local file. while (-1 != (len = _readAhead.read(data))) { _saveStream.write(data); } } catch (Exception e) { System.err.println(e.toString()); } } } /** * Gets the minimum forward byte buffer which must be maintained in * order for the video to keep playing. * @return The pause byte buffer. */ int getPauseBytes() { return _pauseBytes; } /** * Sets the minimum forward buffer which must be maintained in order * for the video to keep playing. * @param pauseBytes The new pause byte buffer. */ void setPauseBytes(int pauseBytes) { _pauseBytes = pauseBytes; } /** * Gets the maximum size (in bytes) of a single read. * @return The maximum size (in bytes) of a single read. */ int getReadLimit() { return _readLimit; } /** * Sets the maximum size (in bytes) of a single read. * @param readLimit The new maximum size (in bytes) of a single read. */ void setReadLimit(int readLimit) { _readLimit = readLimit; } /** * Gets the minimum forward byte buffer required to resume * playback after a pause. * @return The resume byte buffer. */ int getResumeBytes() { return _resumeBytes; } /** * Sets the minimum forward byte buffer required to resume * playback after a pause. * @param resumeBytes The new resume byte buffer. */ void setResumeBytes(int resumeBytes) { _resumeBytes = resumeBytes; } /** * Gets the minimum number of bytes that must be buffered before the * media file will begin playing. * @return The start byte buffer. */ int getStartBuffer() { return _startBuffer; } /** * Sets the minimum number of bytes that must be buffered before the * media file will begin playing. * @param startBuffer The new start byte buffer. */ void setStartBuffer(int startBuffer) { _startBuffer = startBuffer; } } And in this way i use it: LimitedRateStreamingSource source = new LimitedRateStreamingSource("file:///SDCard/music3.mp3"); source.setContentType("audio/mpeg"); mediaPlayer = javax.microedition.media.Manager.createPlayer(source); mediaPlayer.addPlayerListener(this); mediaPlayer.realize(); mediaPlayer.prefetch(); After start i use mediaPlayer.getDuration it returns lets say around 24:22 (the inbuild media player in the blackberry say the file length is 4:05) I tried to get the duration in the listener and there unfortunatly returned around 64 minutes, so im sure something is not good inside the datasoruce....

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• How to Assign a Static IP Address in XP, Vista, or Windows 7

  - by Mysticgeek

  When organizing your home network it’s easier to assign each computer it’s own IP address than using DHCP. Here we will take a look at doing it in XP, Vista, and Windows 7. If you have a home network with several computes and devices, it’s a good idea to assign each of them a specific address. If you use DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol), each computer will request and be assigned an address every time it’s booted up. When you have to do troubleshooting on your network, it’s annoying going to each machine to figure out what IP they have. Using Static IPs prevents address conflicts between devices and allows you to manage them more easily. Assigning IPs to Windows is essentially the same process, but getting to where you need to be varies between each version. Windows 7 To change the computer’s IP address in Windows 7, type network and sharing into the Search box in the Start Menu and select Network and Sharing Center when it comes up.   Then when the Network and Sharing Center opens, click on Change adapter settings. Right-click on your local adapter and select Properties. In the Local Area Connection Properties window highlight Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) then click the Properties button. Now select the radio button Use the following IP address and enter in the correct IP, Subnet mask, and Default gateway that corresponds with your network setup. Then enter your Preferred and Alternate DNS server addresses. Here we’re on a home network and using a simple Class C network configuration and Google DNS. Check Validate settings upon exit so Windows can find any problems with the addresses you entered. When you’re finished click OK. Now close out of the Local Area Connections Properties window. Windows 7 will run network diagnostics and verify the connection is good. Here we had no problems with it, but if you did, you could run the network troubleshooting wizard. Now you can open the command prompt and do an ipconfig  to see the network adapter settings have been successfully changed.   Windows Vista Changing your IP from DHCP to a Static address in Vista is similar to Windows 7, but getting to the correct location is a bit different. Open the Start Menu, right-click on Network, and select Properties. The Network and Sharing Center opens…click on Manage network connections. Right-click on the network adapter you want to assign an IP address and click Properties. Highlight Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) then click the Properties button. Now change the IP, Subnet mask, Default Gateway, and DNS Server Addresses. When you’re finished click OK. You’ll need to close out of Local Area Connection Properties for the settings to go into effect. Open the Command Prompt and do an ipconfig to verify the changes were successful.   Windows XP In this example we’re using XP SP3 Media Center Edition and changing the IP address of the Wireless adapter. To set a Static IP in XP right-click on My Network Places and select Properties. Right-click on the adapter you want to set the IP for and select Properties. Highlight Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and click the Properties button. Now change the IP, Subnet mask, Default Gateway, and DNS Server Addresses. When you’re finished click OK. You will need to close out of the Network Connection Properties screen before the changes go into effect.   Again you can verify the settings by doing an ipconfig in the command prompt. In case you’re not sure how to do this, click on Start then Run.   In the Run box type in cmd and click OK. Then at the prompt type in ipconfig and hit Enter. This will show the IP address for the network adapter you changed.   If you have a small office or home network, assigning each computer a specific IP address makes it a lot easier to manage and troubleshoot network connection problems. Similar Articles Productive Geek Tips Change Ubuntu Desktop from DHCP to a Static IP AddressChange Ubuntu Server from DHCP to a Static IP AddressVista Breadcrumbs for Windows XPCreate a Shortcut or Hotkey for the Safely Remove Hardware DialogCreate a Shortcut or Hotkey to Eject the CD/DVD Drive TouchFreeze Alternative in AutoHotkey The Icy Undertow Desktop Windows Home Server – Backup to LAN The Clear & Clean Desktop Use This Bookmarklet to Easily Get Albums Use AutoHotkey to Assign a Hotkey to a Specific Window Latest Software Reviews Tinyhacker Random Tips HippoRemote Pro 2.2 Xobni Plus for Outlook All My Movies 5.9 CloudBerry Online Backup 1.5 for Windows Home Server Nice Websites To Watch TV Shows Online 24 Million Sites Windows Media Player Glass Icons (icons we like) How to Forecast Weather, without Gadgets Outlook Tools, one stop tweaking for any Outlook version Zoofs, find the most popular tweeted YouTube videos

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• SQL SERVER – Database Dynamic Caching by Automatic SQL Server Performance Acceleration

  - by pinaldave

  My second look at SafePeak’s new version (2.1) revealed to me few additional interesting features. For those of you who hadn’t read my previous reviews SafePeak and not familiar with it, here is a quick brief: SafePeak is in business of accelerating performance of SQL Server applications, as well as their scalability, without making code changes to the applications or to the databases. SafePeak performs database dynamic caching, by caching in memory result sets of queries and stored procedures while keeping all those cache correct and up to date. Cached queries are retrieved from the SafePeak RAM in microsecond speed and not send to the SQL Server. The application gets much faster results (100-500 micro seconds), the load on the SQL Server is reduced (less CPU and IO) and the application or the infrastructure gets better scalability. SafePeak solution is hosted either within your cloud servers, hosted servers or your enterprise servers, as part of the application architecture. Connection of the application is done via change of connection strings or adding reroute line in the c:\windows\system32\drivers\etc\hosts file on all application servers. For those who would like to learn more on SafePeak architecture and how it works, I suggest to read this vendor’s webpage: SafePeak Architecture. More interesting new features in SafePeak 2.1 In my previous review of SafePeak new I covered the first 4 things I noticed in the new SafePeak (check out my article “SQLAuthority News – SafePeak Releases a Major Update: SafePeak version 2.1 for SQL Server Performance Acceleration”): Cache setup and fine-tuning – a critical part for getting good caching results Database templates Choosing which database to cache Monitoring and analysis options by SafePeak Since then I had a chance to play with SafePeak some more and here is what I found. 5. Analysis of SQL Performance (present and history): In SafePeak v.2.1 the tools for understanding of performance became more comprehensive. Every 15 minutes SafePeak creates and updates various performance statistics. Each query (or a procedure execute) that arrives to SafePeak gets a SQL pattern, and after it is used again there are statistics for such pattern. An important part of this product is that it understands the dependencies of every pattern (list of tables, views, user defined functions and procs). From this understanding SafePeak creates important analysis information on performance of every object: response time from the database, response time from SafePeak cache, average response time, percent of traffic and break down of behavior. One of the interesting things this behavior column shows is how often the object is actually pdated. The break down analysis allows knowing the above information for: queries and procedures, tables, views, databases and even instances level. The data is show now on all arriving queries, both read queries (that can be cached), but also any types of updates like DMLs, DDLs, DCLs, and even session settings queries. The stats are being updated every 15 minutes and SafePeak dashboard allows going back in time and investigating what happened within any time frame. 6. Logon trigger, for making sure nothing corrupts SafePeak cache data If you have an application with many parts, many servers many possible locations that can actually update the database, or the SQL Server is accessible to many DBAs or software engineers, each can access some database directly and do some changes without going thru SafePeak – this can create a potential corruption of the data stored in SafePeak cache. To make sure SafePeak cache is correct it needs to get all updates to arrive to SafePeak, and if a DBA will access the database directly and do some changes, for example, then SafePeak will simply not know about it and will not clean SafePeak cache. In the new version, SafePeak brought a new feature called “Logon Trigger” to solve the above challenge. By special click of a button SafePeak can deploy a special server logon trigger (with a CLR object) on your SQL Server that actually monitors all connections and informs SafePeak on any connection that is coming not from SafePeak. In SafePeak dashboard there is an interface that allows to control which logins can be ignored based on login names and IPs, while the rest will invoke cache cleanup of SafePeak and actually locks SafePeak cache until this connection will not be closed. Important to note, that this does not interrupt any logins, only informs SafePeak on such connection. On the Dashboard screen in SafePeak you will be able to see those connections and then decide what to do with them. Configuration of this feature in SafePeak dashboard can be done here: Settings -> SQL instances management -> click on instance -> Logon Trigger tab. Other features: 7. User management ability to grant permissions to someone without changing its configuration and only use SafePeak as performance analysis tool. 8. Better reports for analysis of performance using 15 minute resolution charts. 9. Caching of client cursors 10. Support for IPv6 Summary SafePeak is a great SQL Server performance acceleration solution for users who want immediate results for sites with performance, scalability and peak spikes challenges. Especially if your apps are packaged or 3rd party, since no code changes are done. SafePeak can significantly increase response times, by reducing network roundtrip to the database, decreasing CPU resource usage, eliminating I/O and storage access. SafePeak team provides a free fully functional trial www.safepeak.com/download and actually provides a one-on-one assistance during such trial. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: About Me, Pinal Dave, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Performance, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, SQL Utility, T SQL, Technology

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• Install Control Center Agent on Oracle Application Server

  - by qianqian.wu

  Control Center Agent (CCA) The Control Center Agent is the OWB component that runs the Template Mappings in the Oracle Containers for J2EE (OC4J) server; also referred to as the J2EE Runtime. The Control Center Agent provides a Java-based runtime environment that can be installed on Oracle and non-Oracle database hosts. The Control Center Agent provides fundamental infrastructure for the heterogeneous, Code Template-based mapping support and Web services-related features of OWB in this release. In Oracle Warehouse Builder 11gR2 the Control Center Agent, by default will run in the built-in OC4J that is bundled in the Oracle Home. Besides that, you also have ability to install the Control Center Agent in an Oracle Application Server install. In this article, you will find step-by-step instructions how to install the Control Center Agent on an Oracle Application Server instance. The instructions cover the following tasks: Task 1: Install and Configure the Application Server Task 2: Deploy the Control Center Agent to the Application Server Task 3: Optional Configuration Tasks   Task 1: Install and Configure the Application Server Before configuring the Application Server, you need to install it from Oracle Application Server CD-ROM, or by downloading the installation program from Oracle Technology Network (OTN). Once the installation is completed, you are ready to configure the Application Server. The purpose of the configuration task is to make sure the Control Center Agent ear file can be deployed and runs in the Application Server successfully. The essential configuration tasks are outlined below: · Modify the OC4J Startup Script · Set up Control Center Agent Server Side Logging · Set up Audit Table Data Source · Copy ct_permissions.properties File · Set up Security Roles for Control Center Agent · Create JMS Queues · Install JDBC Drivers to OC4J Modify the OC4J Startup Script The OC4J startup script “opmn.xml” is located in Application Server configuration directory, $AS_HOME/opmn/conf. $AS_HOME stands for the root home directory of the application server. Open the file opmn.xml in a text editor, and alter the contents of the file as displayed in the following sample. You need to make sure that: The MaxPerSize is set to 128M. This is to ensure that you allocate enough PermGen space to OC4J to run Control Center Agent. This will prevent java.lang.OutOfMemoryError when running the agent. The Python.path sets the path for the Python library files used by the Control Center Agent: jython_lib.zip and jython_owblib.jar. These two files are in the $OWB_HOME/owb/lib/int directory, where $OWB_HOME is the directory where owb is installed. · The km_security_needed determines whether restrictions will be applied to the kinds of operating system commands allowed to be executed by the OWB Code Template script executed by Control Center Agent. Setting km_security_needed to “true” enforces such restriction while setting it to “false” removes such restrictions. Set up Control Center Agent Server Side Logging Ensure that you are in the Application Server configuration directory, $AS_HOME/j2ee/home/config. Open the file j2ee-logging.xml in a text editor and add the following lines to the log handler section. The jrt-internal-log-handler is the handler used by Control Center Agent runtime logger to create log files. Then add the following entry into the loggers section to create the logger for Control Center Agent runtime auditing. Set up Audit Table Data Source To enable Audit Table logging, a managed data source and connection pool need to be set up before Control Center Agent deployment. Ensure that you are in the Application Server configuration directory, $AS_HOME/j2ee/home/config. Open the file data-sources.xml in a text editor. Define the audit data source shown below in the file, <managed-data-source name="AuditDS" connection-pool-name="OWBSYS Audit   Connection Pool" jndi-name="jdbc/AuditDS"/> <connection-pool name="OWBSYS Audit Connection Pool">   <connection-factory factory-class="oracle.jdbc.pool.OracleDataSource"     user="owbsys_audit" password="owbsys_audit"     url="jdbc:oracle:thin:@//localhost:1521/ORCL"/> </connection-pool> Copy ct_permissions.properties File The ct_permissions.properties can be obtained from $OWB_HOME /owb/jrt/config/ directory. You need to copy the file to $AS_HOME/j2ee/home/config directory.This properties file takes effect when the setting km-security is set to true in Control Center Agent. By default the ALLOWED_CMD is commented out in ct_permissions.properties file. This prevents all system command from being invoked from scripts executed in Control Center Agent (when km-security is set to true). To allow certain system commands to be invoked, ALLOWED_CMD needs to be uncommented out, and the system commands (allowed to be invoked) need to be added to the ALLOWED_CMD. Set up Security Roles for Control Center Agent You can set up the Control Center Agent security roles through Oracle Enterprise Manager. In a web browser, navigate to Enterprise Manager Homepage (e.g. http://hostname:8889/em). 1. Log in using the oc4jadmin credentials. After the Cluster Topology page is loaded, click home (the OC4J instance). This takes you to the home page of the OC4J instance. On the OC4J home screen, click the Administration tab. On the Administration Tasks screen, expand Security. Click the task icon next to Security Providers. 2. On Security Providers page click on the button “Instance Level Security”. On Instance Level Security page, go to “Realms” tab. You will see a row for the default realm “jazn.com” in the results table. It has a “Roles” column and a “Users” column. Click on the number in “Roles” column. In the “Roles” page it will display all the roles available for the realm. Click on “Create” button to create a new role “OWB_J2EE_ EXECUTOR”. 3. On the Add Role screen, enter Name OWB_J2EE_EXECUTOR, and click OK. 4. Follow the same steps as before, and create a new role “OWB_J2EE_OPERATOR”. 5. Assign role “oc4j-administrators” and “OWB_J2EE_EXECUTOR” to the role “OWB_J2EE_OPERATOR” by moving these roles from “Available Roles” and click “OK” to save. 6. Go back to Instance Level Security page and create a new role “OWB_J2EE_ADMINISTRATOR”. 7. Assign roles “OWB_J2EE_ OPERATOR” and “OWB_J2EE_EXECUTOR” to the role “OWB_J2EE_ ADMINISTRATOR” by moving these roles from “Available Roles” and click “OK” to save. 8.Go back to Instance Level Security page. This time, click on the number in “Users” column for the realm “jazn.com”. In the “Users” page, it shows all the users defined for this realm. Locate the user “oc4jadmin” in the results table and click on it. 9. Assign the roles “OWB_J2EE_ADMINISTRATOR” and “oc4j-app-administrators” to this user by moving the role from the “Available Roles” selection box to “Selected Roles” box and click “Apply” to save. 10. Go back to Instance Level Security page and create a new role “OWB_INTERNAL_USERS”, assign no user or role to this role. Simply click “OK” to create this role. Now you have finished creating the security roles required for Control Center Agent. Create JMS Queues You need to create two JMS queues for Control Center Agent: owbQueue and abort_owbQueue. 1. Now go to OC4J home Page. On the OC4J home screen, click the Administration tab. On the Administration Tasks screen, expand Services and then expand Enterprise Messaging Service. Click the task icon next to JMS Destinations. 2. On JMS Destinations page, click “Create New” button to create a new JMS queue. On Add Destination page, choose “Queue” as Destination Type. Put “owbQueue” as Destination Name. Select “In Memory Persistence Only” as the Persistence Type and put “jms/owbQueue” as JNDI Location and click on “OK” to finish. 3. Follow the same instruction as above to create the owb_abortQueue. Now you have finished creating the JMS queues required for Control Center Agent. Install JDBC Drivers to OC4J In order to execute Code Templates using commercial databases other than Oracle, e.g. DB2, SQL Server etc, the corresponding jdbc driver files need to be added to $AS_HOME/j2ee/home/applib directory. 1. To install other JDBC drivers to OC4J, first obtain the .jar file containing the JDBC driver. All the external JDBC drivers .jar files can be found in the directory: $OWB_HOME/owb/lib/ext/. For DB2, the files needed are db2jcc.jar and db2jcc_license_cu.jar. For SQL Server the file is sqljdbc.jar. For sunopsis JDBC drivers, the file needed is snpsxmlo.jar. 2. Copy the required JDBC driver file into the directory $AS_HOME/j2ee/home/applib. Now you have finished the Application Server configuration. To make the configuration to take an effect, you need to restart the Application Server.   Task 2: Deploy the Control Center Agent to the Application Server Now you can deploy the Control Center Agent to the Application Server. In a web browser, navigate to Enterprise Manager Homepage (e.g. http://hostname:8889/em). 1. Log in using the oc4jadmin credentials. After the Cluster Topology page is loaded, click home (the OC4J instance). This takes you to the home page of the OC4J instance. On the OC4J home screen, click the Applications tab. Click Deploy to begin deploying Control Center Agent. 2. On the Deploy: Select Archive screen, under Archive, select Archive is present on local host. Upload the archive to the server where Application Server Control is running. Click Browse and locate the jrt.ear file in the $OWB_HOME/owb/jrt/applications directory. Under Deployment Plan, select Automatically create a new deployment plan. Click Next. 3. Wait for the ear file to be uploaded to Application Server. On the Deploy: Application Attributes screen, enter Application Name jrt, and Context Root jrt. Leave the other attributes at their default values. Click Next. 4. On Deploy: Deployment Settings screen, leave all attributes at their default values, and click Deploy. This will take about 1 minute or so and when the application is deployed successfully, a confirmation message will be displayed. Now the Control Center Agent is started automatically. Go back to OC4J home page and click on Applications tab to make sure the deployed application jrt is showing in the applications list.   Task 3: Optional Configuration Tasks The optional configuration tasks contain: · Secure Control Center Agent Web Service · Setting the PATH Environment Variable Secure Control Center Agent Web Service If you want to use JRTWebService with a secure website, you need to do the following steps, 1. Create a file “secure-web-site.xml” in the $AS_HOME/j2ee/home/config directory. The file can be obtained from $OWB_HOME/owb/jrt/config directory. A sample secure-web-site.xml is shown as below. We need to modify the “protocol” to “https”, and “secure” to “true”, also choose an port as the secure http port. Also we need to add the entry “ssl-config” in the file. Remember to use the absolute path for the key store file. 2. Modify the file “server.xml” that is located at $AS_HOME/j2ee/home/config directory. Then add the <web-site> element in the file for the secure-web-site. 3. Create a key store file “serverkeystore.jks” in the $AS_HOME/j2ee/home/config directory. The file can be obtained from $OWB_HOME/owb/jrt/config directory. After the three files are altered, restart the application server. Now you can access the JRTWebService in SSL way through https://hostname:4443/jrt/webservice. Setting the PATH Environment Variable Sometimes, some system commands such as linux ls, sh etc, can not be executed successfully during the script execution due to they are not found in PATH. To ensure they work normally, you can setup the environment variable PATH. Let’s navigate to the Enterprise Manager Homepage. 1. Go to OC4J home screen and click the Administration tab. Expand Administration Tasks, then expand Properties. Click the task icon next to Server Properties. 2. On the Server Properties screen, scroll down to Environment Variables section. Under Environment Variables, click Add Another Row. Enter PATH in Name, and fill Value with directories that contain the system commands. Click Apply.   After you work through this article, I believe you have developed a deeper understanding of the Control Center Agent installation process, and you can apply this knowledge in other installation plan such as Control Center Agent installation on Standalone OC4J.

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• ODI and OBIEE 11g Integration

  - by David Allan

  Here we will see some of the connectivity options to OBIEE 11g using the JDBC driver. You’ll see based upon some connection properties how the physical or presentation layers can be utilized. In the integrators guide for OBIEE 11g you will find a brief statement indicating that there actually is a JDBC driver for OBIEE. In OBIEE 11g its now possible to connect directly to the physical layer, Venkat has an informative post here on this topic. In ODI 11g the Oracle BI technology is shipped with the product along with KMs for reverse engineering, and using OBIEE models for a data source. When you install OBIEE in 11g a light weight demonstration application is preinstalled in the server, when you open this in the BI Administration tool we see the regular 3 panel view within the administration tool. To interrogate this system via JDBC (just like ODI does using the KMs) need a couple of things; the JDBC driver from OBIEE 11g, a java client program and the credentials. In my java client program I want to connect to the OBIEE system, when I connect I can interrogate what the JDBC driver presents for the metadata. The metadata projected via the JDBC connection’s DatabaseMetadata changes depending on whether the property NQ_SESSION.SELECTPHYSICAL is set when the java client connects. Let’s use the sample app to illustrate. I have a java client program here that will print out the tables in the DatabaseMetadata, it will also output the catalog and schema. For example if I execute without any special JDBC properties as follows; java -classpath .;%BIHOMEDIR%\clients\bijdbc.jar meta_jdbc oracle.bi.jdbc.AnaJdbcDriver jdbc:oraclebi://localhost:9703/ weblogic mypass Then I get the following returned representing the presentation layer, the sample I used is XML, and has no schema; Catalog Schema Table Sample Sales Lite null Base Facts Sample Sales Lite null Calculated Facts …     Sample Targets Lite null Base Facts …     Now if I execute with the only difference being the JDBC property NQ_SESSION.SELECTPHYSICAL with the value Yes, then I see a different set of values representing the physical layer in OBIEE; java -classpath .;%BIHOMEDIR%\clients\bijdbc.jar meta_jdbc oracle.bi.jdbc.AnaJdbcDriver jdbc:oraclebi://localhost:9703/ weblogic mypass NQ_SESSION.SELECTPHYSICAL=Yes The following is returned; Catalog Schema Table Sample App Lite Data null D01 Time Day Grain Sample App Lite Data null F10 Revenue Facts (Order grain) …     System DB (Update me)     …     If this was a database system such as Oracle, the catalog value would be the OBIEE database name and the schema would be the Oracle database schema. Other systems which have real catalog structure such as SQLServer would use its catalog value. Its this ‘Catalog’ and ‘Schema’ value that is important when integration OBIEE with ODI. For the demonstration application in OBIEE 11g, the following illustration shows how the information from OBIEE is related via the JDBC driver through to ODI. In the XML example above, within ODI’s physical schema definition on the right, we leave the schema blank since the XML data source has no schema. When I did this at first, I left the default value that ODI places in the Schema field since which was ‘<Undefined>’ (like image below) but this string is actually used in the RKM so ended up not finding any tables in this schema! Entering an empty string resolved this. Below we see a regular Oracle database example that has the database, schema, physical table structure, and how this is defined in ODI.   Remember back to the physical versus presentation layer usage when we passed the special property, well to do this in ODI, the data server has a panel for properties where you can define key/value pairs. So if you want to select physical objects from the OBIEE server, then you must set this property. An additional changed in ODI 11g is the OBIEE connection pool support, this has been implemented via a ‘Connection Pool’ flex field for the Oracle BI data server. So here you set the connection pool name from the OBIEE system that you specifically want to use and this is used by the Oracle BI to Oracle (DBLINK) LKM, so if you are using this you must set this flex field. Hopefully a useful insight into some of the mechanics of how this hangs together.

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• Using Oracle Proxy Authentication with JPA (eclipselink-Style)

  - by olaf.heimburger

  Security is a very intriguing topic. You will find it everywhere and you need to implement it everywhere. Yes, you need. Unfortunately, one can easily forget it while implementing the last mile. The Last Mile In a multi-tier application it is a common practice to use connection pools between the business layer and the database layer. Connection pools are quite useful to speed database connection creation and to split the load. Another very common practice is to use a specific, often called technical, user to connect to the database. This user has authentication and authorization rules that apply to all application users. Imagine you've put every effort to define roles for different types of users that use your application. These roles are necessary to differentiate between normal users, premium users, and administrators (I bet you will find or already have more roles in your application). While these user roles are pretty well used within your application, once the flow of execution enters the database everything is gone. Each and every user just has one role and is the same database user. Issues? What Issues? As long as things go well, this is not a real issue. However, things do not go well all the time. Once your application becomes famous performance decreases in certain situations or, more importantly, current and upcoming regulations and laws require that your application must be able to apply different security measures on a per user role basis at every stage of your application. If you only have a bunch of users with the same name and role you are not able to find the application usage profile that causes the performance issue, or which user has accessed data that he/she is not allowed to. Another thread to your role concept is that databases tend to be used by different applications and tools. These tools can be developer tools like SQL*Plus, SQL Developer, etc. or end user applications like BI Publisher, Oracle Forms and so on. These tools have no idea of your applications role concept and access the database the way they think is appropriate. A big oversight for your perfect role model and a big nightmare for your Chief Security Officer. Speaking of the CSO, brings up another issue: Password management. Once your technical user account is compromised, every user is able to do things that he/she is not expected to do from the design of your application. Counter Measures In the Oracle world a common counter measure is to use Virtual Private Database (VPD). This restricts the values a database user can see to the allowed minimum. However, it doesn't help in regard of a connection pool user, because this one is still not the real user. Oracle Proxy Authentication Another feature of the Oracle database is Proxy Authentication. First introduced with version 9i it is a quite useful feature for nearly every situation. The main idea behind Proxy Authentication is, to create a crippled database user who has only connect rights. Even if this user is compromised the risks are well understood and fairly limited. This user can be used in every situation in which you need to connect to the database, no matter which tool or application (see above) you use.The proxy user is perfect for multi-tier connection pools. CREATE USER app_user IDENTIFIED BY abcd1234; GRANT CREATE SESSION TO app_user; But what if you need to access real data? Well, this is the primary use case, isn't it? Now is the time to bring the application's role concept into play. You define database roles that define the grants for your identified user groups. Once you have these groups you grant access through the proxy user with the application role to the specific user. CREATE ROLE app_role_a; GRANT app_role_a TO scott; ALTER USER scott GRANT CONNECT THROUGH app_user WITH ROLE app_role_a; Now, hr has permission to connect to the database through the proxy user. Through the role you can restrict the hr's rights the are needed for the application only. If hr connects to the database directly all assigned role and permissions apply. Testing the Setup To test the setup you can use SQL*Plus and connect to your database: $ sqlplus app_user[hr]/abcd1234 Java Persistence API The Java Persistence API (JPA) is a fairly easy means to build applications that retrieve data from the database and put it into Java objects. You use plain old Java objects (POJOs) and mixin some Java annotations that define how the attributes of the object are used for storing data from the database into the Java object. Here is a sample for objects from the HR sample schema EMPLOYEES table. When using Java annotations you only specify what can not be deduced from the code. If your Java class name is Employee but the table name is EMPLOYEES, you need to specify the table name, otherwise it will fail. package demo.proxy.ejb; import java.io.Serializable; import java.sql.Timestamp; import java.util.List; import javax.persistence.Column; import javax.persistence.Entity; import javax.persistence.Id; import javax.persistence.JoinColumn; import javax.persistence.ManyToOne; import javax.persistence.NamedQueries; import javax.persistence.NamedQuery; import javax.persistence.OneToMany; import javax.persistence.Table; @Entity @NamedQueries({ @NamedQuery(name = "Employee.findAll", query = "select o from Employee o") }) @Table(name = "EMPLOYEES") public class Employee implements Serializable { @Column(name="COMMISSION_PCT") private Double commissionPct; @Column(name="DEPARTMENT_ID") private Long departmentId; @Column(nullable = false, unique = true, length = 25) private String email; @Id @Column(name="EMPLOYEE_ID", nullable = false) private Long employeeId; @Column(name="FIRST_NAME", length = 20) private String firstName; @Column(name="HIRE_DATE", nullable = false) private Timestamp hireDate; @Column(name="JOB_ID", nullable = false, length = 10) private String jobId; @Column(name="LAST_NAME", nullable = false, length = 25) private String lastName; @Column(name="PHONE_NUMBER", length = 20) private String phoneNumber; private Double salary; @ManyToOne @JoinColumn(name = "MANAGER_ID") private Employee employee; @OneToMany(mappedBy = "employee") private List employeeList; public Employee() { } public Employee(Double commissionPct, Long departmentId, String email, Long employeeId, String firstName, Timestamp hireDate, String jobId, String lastName, Employee employee, String phoneNumber, Double salary) { this.commissionPct = commissionPct; this.departmentId = departmentId; this.email = email; this.employeeId = employeeId; this.firstName = firstName; this.hireDate = hireDate; this.jobId = jobId; this.lastName = lastName; this.employee = employee; this.phoneNumber = phoneNumber; this.salary = salary; } public Double getCommissionPct() { return commissionPct; } public void setCommissionPct(Double commissionPct) { this.commissionPct = commissionPct; } public Long getDepartmentId() { return departmentId; } public void setDepartmentId(Long departmentId) { this.departmentId = departmentId; } public String getEmail() { return email; } public void setEmail(String email) { this.email = email; } public Long getEmployeeId() { return employeeId; } public void setEmployeeId(Long employeeId) { this.employeeId = employeeId; } public String getFirstName() { return firstName; } public void setFirstName(String firstName) { this.firstName = firstName; } public Timestamp getHireDate() { return hireDate; } public void setHireDate(Timestamp hireDate) { this.hireDate = hireDate; } public String getJobId() { return jobId; } public void setJobId(String jobId) { this.jobId = jobId; } public String getLastName() { return lastName; } public void setLastName(String lastName) { this.lastName = lastName; } public String getPhoneNumber() { return phoneNumber; } public void setPhoneNumber(String phoneNumber) { this.phoneNumber = phoneNumber; } public Double getSalary() { return salary; } public void setSalary(Double salary) { this.salary = salary; } public Employee getEmployee() { return employee; } public void setEmployee(Employee employee) { this.employee = employee; } public List getEmployeeList() { return employeeList; } public void setEmployeeList(List employeeList) { this.employeeList = employeeList; } public Employee addEmployee(Employee employee) { getEmployeeList().add(employee); employee.setEmployee(this); return employee; } public Employee removeEmployee(Employee employee) { getEmployeeList().remove(employee); employee.setEmployee(null); return employee; } } JPA could be used in standalone applications and Java EE containers. In both worlds you normally create a Facade to retrieve or store the values of the Entities to or from the database. The Facade does this via an EntityManager which will be injected by the Java EE container. Here is sample Facade Session Bean for a Java EE container. package demo.proxy.ejb; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.List; import javax.ejb.Local; import javax.ejb.Remote; import javax.ejb.Stateless; import javax.persistence.EntityManager; import javax.persistence.PersistenceContext; import javax.persistence.Query; import javax.interceptor.AroundInvoke; import javax.interceptor.InvocationContext; import oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleConnection; import org.eclipse.persistence.config.EntityManagerProperties; import org.eclipse.persistence.internal.jpa.EntityManagerImpl; @Stateless(name = "DataFacade", mappedName = "ProxyUser-TestEJB-DataFacade") @Remote @Local public class DataFacadeBean implements DataFacade, DataFacadeLocal { @PersistenceContext(unitName = "TestEJB") private EntityManager em; private String username; public Object queryByRange(String jpqlStmt, int firstResult, int maxResults) { // setSessionUser(); Query query = em.createQuery(jpqlStmt); if (firstResult 0) { query = query.setFirstResult(firstResult); } if (maxResults 0) { query = query.setMaxResults(maxResults); } return query.getResultList(); } public Employee persistEmployee(Employee employee) { // setSessionUser(); em.persist(employee); return employee; } public Employee mergeEmployee(Employee employee) { // setSessionUser(); return em.merge(employee); } public void removeEmployee(Employee employee) { // setSessionUser(); employee = em.find(Employee.class, employee.getEmployeeId()); em.remove(employee); } /** select o from Employee o */ public List getEmployeeFindAll() { Query q = em.createNamedQuery("Employee.findAll"); return q.getResultList(); } Putting Both Together To use Proxy Authentication with JPA and within a Java EE container you have to take care of the additional requirements: Use an OCI JDBC driver Provide the user name that connects through the proxy user Use an OCI JDBC driver To use the OCI JDBC driver you need to set up your JDBC data source file to use the correct JDBC URL. hr jdbc:oracle:oci8:@(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521))(CONNECT_DATA=(SID=XE))) oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver user app_user 62C32F70E98297522AD97E15439FAC0E SQL SELECT 1 FROM DUAL jdbc/hrDS Application Additionally you need to make sure that the version of the shared libraries of the OCI driver match the version of the JDBC driver in your Java EE container or Java application and are within your PATH (on Windows) or LD_LIBRARY_PATH (on most Unix-based systems). Installing the Oracle Database Instance Client software works perfectly. Provide the user name that connects through the proxy user This part needs some modification of your application software and session facade. Session Facade Changes In the Session Facade we must ensure that every call that goes through the EntityManager must be prepared correctly and uniquely assigned to this session. The second is really important, as the EntityManager works with a connection pool and can not guarantee that we set the proxy user on the connection that will be used for the database activities. To avoid changing every method call of the Session Facade we provide a method to set the username of the user that connects through the proxy user. This method needs to be called by the Facade client bfore doing anything else. public void setUsername(String name) { username = name; } Next we provide a means to instruct the TopLink EntityManager Delegate to use Oracle Proxy Authentication. (I love small helper methods to hide the nitty-gritty details and avoid repeating myself.) private void setSessionUser() { setSessionUser(username); } private void setSessionUser(String user) { if (user != null && !user.isEmpty()) { EntityManagerImpl emDelegate = ((EntityManagerImpl)em.getDelegate()); emDelegate.setProperty(EntityManagerProperties.ORACLE_PROXY_TYPE, OracleConnection.PROXYTYPE_USER_NAME); emDelegate.setProperty(OracleConnection.PROXY_USER_NAME, user); emDelegate.setProperty(EntityManagerProperties.EXCLUSIVE_CONNECTION_MODE, "Always"); } } The final step is use the EJB 3.0 AroundInvoke interceptor. This interceptor will be called around every method invocation. We therefore check whether the Facade methods will be called or not. If so, we set the user for proxy authentication and the normal method flow continues. @AroundInvoke public Object proxyInterceptor(InvocationContext invocationCtx) throws Exception { if (invocationCtx.getTarget() instanceof DataFacadeBean) { setSessionUser(); } return invocationCtx.proceed(); } Benefits Using Oracle Proxy Authentification has a number of additional benefits appart from implementing the role model of your application: Fine grained access control for temporary users of the account, without compromising the original password. Enabling database auditing and logging. Better identification of performance bottlenecks. References Effective Oracle Database 10g Security by Design, David Knox TopLink Developer's Guide, Chapter 98

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• Real-world SignalR example, ditching ghetto long polling

  - by Jeff

  One of the highlights of BUILD last week was the announcement that SignalR, a framework for real-time client to server (or cloud, if you will) communication, would be a real supported thing now with the weight of Microsoft behind it. Love the open source flava! If you aren’t familiar with SignalR, watch this BUILD session with PM Damian Edwards and dev David Fowler. Go ahead, I’ll wait. You’ll be in a happy place within the first ten minutes. If you skip to the end, you’ll see that they plan to ship this as a real first version by the end of the year. Insert slow clap here. Writing a few lines of code to move around a box from one browser to the next is a way cool demo, but how about something real-world? When learning new things, I find it difficult to be abstract, and I like real stuff. So I thought about what was in my tool box and the decided to port my crappy long-polling “there are new posts” feature of POP Forums to use SignalR. A few versions back, I added a feature where a button would light up while you were pecking out a reply if someone else made a post in the interim. It kind of saves you from that awkward moment where someone else posts some snark before you. While I was proud of the feature, I hated the implementation. When you clicked the reply button, it started polling an MVC URL asking if the last post you had matched the last one the server, and it did it every second and a half until you either replied or the server told you there was a new post, at which point it would display that button. The code was not glam: // in the reply setup PopForums.replyInterval = setInterval("PopForums.pollForNewPosts(" + topicID + ")", 1500); // called from the reply setup and the handler that fetches more posts PopForums.pollForNewPosts = function (topicID) { $.ajax({ url: PopForums.areaPath + "/Forum/IsLastPostInTopic/" + topicID, type: "GET", dataType: "text", data: "lastPostID=" + PopForums.currentTopicState.lastVisiblePost, success: function (result) { var lastPostLoaded = result.toLowerCase() == "true"; if (lastPostLoaded) { $("#MorePostsBeforeReplyButton").css("visibility", "hidden"); } else { $("#MorePostsBeforeReplyButton").css("visibility", "visible"); clearInterval(PopForums.replyInterval); } }, error: function () { } }); }; What’s going on here is the creation of an interval timer to keep calling the server and bugging it about new posts, and setting the visibility of a button appropriately. It looks like this if you’re monitoring requests in FireBug: Gross. The SignalR approach was to call a message broker when a reply was made, and have that broker call back to the listening clients, via a SingalR hub, to let them know about the new post. It seemed weird at first, but the server-side hub’s only method is to add the caller to a group, so new post notifications only go to callers viewing the topic where a new post was made. Beyond that, it’s important to remember that the hub is also the means to calling methods at the client end. Starting at the server side, here’s the hub: using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs; namespace PopForums.Messaging { public class Topics : Hub { public void ListenTo(int topicID) { Groups.Add(Context.ConnectionId, topicID.ToString()); } } } Have I mentioned how awesomely not complicated this is? The hub acts as the channel between the server and the client, and you’ll see how JavaScript calls the above method in a moment. Next, the broker class and its associated interface: using Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR; using Topic = PopForums.Models.Topic; namespace PopForums.Messaging { public interface IBroker { void NotifyNewPosts(Topic topic, int lasPostID); } public class Broker : IBroker { public void NotifyNewPosts(Topic topic, int lasPostID) { var context = GlobalHost.ConnectionManager.GetHubContext<Topics>(); context.Clients.Group(topic.TopicID.ToString()).notifyNewPosts(lasPostID); } } } The NotifyNewPosts method uses the static GlobalHost.ConnectionManager.GetHubContext<Topics>() method to get a reference to the hub, and then makes a call to clients in the group matched by the topic ID. It’s calling the notifyNewPosts method on the client. The TopicService class, which handles the reply data from the MVC controller, has an instance of the broker new’d up by dependency injection, so it took literally one line of code in the reply action method to get things moving. _broker.NotifyNewPosts(topic, post.PostID); The JavaScript side of things wasn’t much harder. When you click the reply button (or quote button), the reply window opens up and fires up a connection to the hub: var hub = $.connection.topics; hub.client.notifyNewPosts = function (lastPostID) { PopForums.setReplyMorePosts(lastPostID); }; $.connection.hub.start().done(function () { hub.server.listenTo(topicID); }); The important part to look at here is the creation of the notifyNewPosts function. That’s the method that is called from the server in the Broker class above. Conversely, once the connection is done, the script calls the listenTo method on the server, letting it know that this particular connection is listening for new posts on this specific topic ID. This whole experiment enables a lot of ideas that would make the forum more Facebook-like, letting you know when stuff is going on around you.

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• WebLogic JDBC Use of Oracle Wallet for SSL

  - by Steve Felts

  Introduction Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) can be used to secure the connection between the middle tier “client”, WebLogic Server (WLS) in this case, and the Oracle database server.  Data between WLS and database can be encrypted.  The server can be authenticated so you have proof that the database can be trusted by validating a certificate from the server.  The client can be authenticated so that the database only accepts connections from clients that it trusts. Similar to the discussion in an earlier article about using the Oracle wallet for database credentials, the Oracle wallet can also be used with SSL to store the keys and certificates.  By using it correctly, clear text passwords can be eliminated from the JDBC configuration and client/server configuration can be simplified by sharing the wallet across multiple datasources. There is a very good Oracle Technical White Paper on using SSL with the Oracle thin driver at http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/wp-oracle-jdbc-thin-ssl-130128.pdf [LINK1].  The link http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/middleware/weblogic/index-087556.html [LINK2] describes how to use WebLogic Server with Oracle JDBC Driver SSL. The information in this article is a guide on what steps need to be taken in the variety of available options; use the links above for details. SSL from the driver to the database server is basically turned on by specifying a protocol of “tcps” in the URL.  However, there is a fair amount of setup needed.  Also remember that there is an overhead in performance. Creating the wallets The common use cases are 1. “data encryption and server-only authentication”, requiring just a trust store, or 2. “data encryption and authentication of both tiers” (client and server), requiring a trust store and a key store. It is recommended to use the auto-login wallet type so that clear text passwords are not needed in the datasource configuration to open the wallet.  The store type for an auto-login wallet is “SSO” (Single Sign On), not “JKS” or “PKCS12” as in [LINK2].  The file name is “cwallet.sso”. Wallets are created using the orapki tool.  They need to be created based on the usage (encryption and/or authentication).  This is discussed in detail in [LINK1] in Appendix B or in the Advanced Security Administrator’s Guide of the Database documentation. Database Server Configuration It is necessary to update the sqlnet.ora and listener.ora files with the directory location of the wallet using WALLET_LOCATION.  These files also indicate whether or not SSL_CLIENT_AUTHENTICATION is being used (true or false). The Oracle Listener must also be configured to use the TCPS protocol.  The recommended port is 2484. LISTENER = (ADDRESS_LIST= (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcps)(HOST=servername)(PORT=2484))) WebLogic Server Classpath The WebLogic Server CLASSPATH must have three additional security files. The files that need to be added to the WLS CLASSPATH are $MW_HOME/modules/com.oracle.osdt_cert_1.0.0.0.jar $MW_HOME/modules/com.oracle.osdt_core_1.0.0.0.jar $MW_HOME/modules/com.oracle.oraclepki_1.0.0.0.jar One way to do this is to add them to PRE_CLASSPATH environment variable for use with the standard WebLogic scripts. Setting the Oracle Security Provider It’s necessary to enable the Oracle PKI provider on the client side.  This can either be done statically by updating the java.security file under the JRE or dynamically by setting it in a WLS startup class using java.security.Security.insertProviderAt(new oracle.security.pki.OraclePKIProvider (), 3); See the full example of the startup class in [LINK2]. Datasource Configuration When creating a WLS datasource, set the PROTOCOL in the URL to tcps as in the following. jdbc:oracle:thin:@(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcps)(HOST=host)(PORT=port))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=myservice))) For encryption and server authentication, use the datasource connection properties: - javax.net.ssl.trustStore=location of wallet file on the client - javax.net.ssl.trustStoreType=”SSO” For client authentication, use the datasource connection properties: - javax.net.ssl.keyStore=location of wallet file on the client - javax.net.ssl.keyStoreType=”SSO” Note that the driver connection properties for the wallet require a file name, not a directory name. Active GridLink ONS over SSL For completeness, there is another SSL usage for WLS datasources.  The communication with the Oracle Notification Service (ONS) for load balancing information and node up/down events can use SSL also. Create an auto-login wallet and use the wallet on the client and server.  The following is a sample sequence to create a test wallet for use with ONS. orapki wallet create -wallet ons -auto_login -pwd ONS_Wallet orapki wallet add -wallet ons -dn "CN=ons_test,C=US" -keysize 1024 -self_signed -validity 9999 -pwd ONS_Wallet orapki wallet export -wallet ons -dn "CN=ons_test,C=US" -cert ons/cert.txt -pwd ONS_Wallet On the database server side, it’s necessary to define the walletfile directory in the file $CRS_HOME/opmn/conf/ons.config and run onsctl stop/start. When configuring an Active GridLink datasource, the connection to the ONS must be defined.  In addition to the host and port, the wallet file directory must be specified.  By not giving a password, a SSO wallet is assumed. Summary To use SSL with the Oracle thin driver without any clear text passwords, use an SSO Oracle Wallet.  SSL support in the Oracle thin driver is available starting in 10g Release 2.

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• Airline mess - what a journey

  - by Mike Dietrich

  What a day, what a journey ... Flew this noon from Munich to Zuerich for catch my ongoing flight to San Francisco with Swiss. And that day did start very well as Lufthansa messed up the connection flight by 42 minutes for a 35 minute flight. And as I was obviously the only passenger connection to San Francisco nobody picked me up at the airplane to bring me directly to my connection as Swiss did for the 8 passengers connection to Miami. So I missed my flight. What a start - and many thanks to Lufthansa. I was not the only one missing a connection as Lufthansa/Swiss had canceled the flight before due to "technical problems". In Zuerich Swiss did rebook me via Frankfurt with Lufthansa to board a United Airlines flight to San Francisco. "Ouch" I thought. I had my share of experience with United already as they've messed up my luggage on the way to San Francisco some years ago and it took them five (!!!) days to fly my bag over and deliver it. But actually it was the only option today. So I said "Yes". A big mistake as I've learned later on. The Frankfurt flight was delayed as well "due to a late incoming aircraft". But there was plenty of time. And I went to the Swiss counter at the gate and let them check if my baggage is on that flight to Frankfurt. They've said "Yes". Boarding the plane with a delay of 45 minutes (the typical Lufthansa delay these days) I spotted my Rimowa trolley right next to the plane on the airfield. So I was sure that it will be send to Frankfurt. In Frankfurt I went to the United counter once it did open - had to go through the passport check they do for US flights as well - and they've said "Yes, your luggage is with us". Well ... Arriving in San Francisco with just a bit of a some minutes delay and a very fast immigration procedure I saw the first bags with Priority tags getting pushed to the baggage claim - but mine was not there. I did wait ... and wait ... and wait. Well, thanks United, you did it again!!! I flew twice in the past years United Airlines - and in both cases they've messed up my luggage on the way to San Francisco. How lovely is that ... Now the real fun started again as the lady at the "Lost and Found" counter for luggage spotted my luggage in her system in Zuerich - and told me it's supposed to be sent with LH1191 to Frankfurt on Sept 27. But this was yesterday in Europe - it's already Sept 28 - and I saw my luggage in front of the airplane. So I'd suppose it's in Frankfurt already. But what could she do? Nothing but doing the awful paperwork. And "No Mr Dietrich, we don't call international numbers". Thank you, United. Next time I'll try to get a contract for a US land line in advance. They can't even tell you which plane will bring your luggage. It may be tomorrow with UA flight arriving around 4pm in SFO. I'm looking forward to some hours in the wonderful United Airlines call center waiting line. Last time I did spend 60-90 minutes every day until I got my luggage. If it takes again that long then OOW will be over by then. I love airline travel - and especially with United Airlines. And by the way ... they gave us these nice fancy packages during the flight:  That looks good - what's in that box??? Yes, really ... a bag of potato chips. Pure fat - very healthy.  I doubt that I'll ever fly United Airlines again!!!

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• Cloud Computing Forces Better Design Practices

  - by Herve Roggero

  Is cloud computing simply different than on premise development, or is cloud computing actually forcing you to create better applications than you normally would? In other words, is cloud computing merely imposing different design principles, or forcing better design principles?  A little while back I got into a discussion with a developer in which I was arguing that cloud computing, and specifically Windows Azure in his case, was forcing developers to adopt better design principles. His opinion was that cloud computing was not yielding better systems; just different systems. In this blog, I will argue that cloud computing does force developers to use better design practices, and hence better applications. So the first thing to define, of course, is the word “better”, in the context of application development. Looking at a few definitions online, better means “superior quality”. As it relates to this discussion then, I stipulate that cloud computing can yield higher quality applications in terms of scalability, everything else being equal. Before going further I need to also outline the difference between performance and scalability. Performance and scalability are two related concepts, but they don’t mean the same thing. Scalability is the measure of system performance given various loads. So when developers design for performance, they usually give higher priority to a given load and tend to optimize for the given load. When developers design for scalability, the actual performance at a given load is not as important; the ability to ensure reasonable performance regardless of the load becomes the objective. This can lead to very different design choices. For example, if your objective is to obtains the fastest response time possible for a service you are building, you may choose the implement a TCP connection that never closes until the client chooses to close the connection (in other words, a tightly coupled service from a connectivity standpoint), and on which a connection session is established for faster processing on the next request (like SQL Server or other database systems for example). If you objective is to scale, you may implement a service that answers to requests without keeping session state, so that server resources are released as quickly as possible, like a REST service for example. This alternate design would likely have a slower response time than the TCP service for any given load, but would continue to function at very large loads because of its inherently loosely coupled design. An example of a REST service is the NO-SQL implementation in the Microsoft cloud called Azure Tables. Now, back to cloud computing… Cloud computing is designed to help you scale your applications, specifically when you use Platform as a Service (PaaS) offerings. However it’s not automatic. You can design a tightly-coupled TCP service as discussed above, and as you can imagine, it probably won’t scale even if you place the service in the cloud because it isn’t using a connection pattern that will allow it to scale [note: I am not implying that all TCP systems do not scale; I am just illustrating the scalability concepts with an imaginary TCP service that isn’t designed to scale for the purpose of this discussion]. The other service, using REST, will have a better chance to scale because, by design, it minimizes resource consumption for individual requests and doesn’t tie a client connection to a specific endpoint (which means you can easily deploy this service to hundreds of machines without much trouble, as long as your pockets are deep enough). The TCP and REST services discussed above are both valid designs; the TCP service is faster and the REST service scales better. So is it fair to say that one service is fundamentally better than the other? No; not unless you need to scale. And if you don’t need to scale, then you don’t need the cloud in the first place. However, it is interesting to note that if you do need to scale, then a loosely coupled system becomes a better design because it can almost always scale better than a tightly-coupled system. And because most applications grow overtime, with an increasing user base, new functional requirements, increased data and so forth, most applications eventually do need to scale. So in my humble opinion, I conclude that a loosely coupled system is not just different than a tightly coupled system; it is a better design, because it will stand the test of time. And in my book, if a system stands the test of time better than another, it is of superior quality. Because cloud computing demands loosely coupled systems so that its underlying service architecture can be leveraged, developers ultimately have no choice but to design loosely coupled systems for the cloud. And because loosely coupled systems are better… … the cloud forces better design practices. My 2 cents.

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• openvpn WARNING: No server certificate verification method has been enabled

  - by tmedtcom

  I tried to install openvpn on debian squeez (server) and connect from my fedora 17 as (client). Here is my configuration: server configuration ###cat server.conf # Serveur TCP ** proto tcp** port 1194 dev tun # Cles et certificats ca /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/keys/ca.crt cert /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/keys/server.crt key /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/keys/server.key dh /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/keys/dh1024.pem # Reseau #Adresse virtuel du reseau vpn server 192.170.70.0 255.255.255.0 #Cette ligne ajoute sur le client la route du reseau vers le serveur push "route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0" #Creer une route du server vers l'interface tun. #route 192.170.70.0 255.255.255.0 # Securite keepalive 10 120 #type d'encryptage des données **cipher AES-128-CBC** #activation de la compression comp-lzo #nombre maximum de clients autorisés max-clients 10 #pas d'utilisateur et groupe particuliers pour l'utilisation du VPN user nobody group nogroup #pour rendre la connexion persistante persist-key persist-tun #Log d'etat d'OpenVPN status /var/log/openvpn-status.log #logs openvpnlog /var/log/openvpn.log log-append /var/log/openvpn.log #niveau de verbosité verb 5 ###cat client.conf # Client client dev tun [COLOR="Red"]proto tcp-client[/COLOR] remote <my server wan IP> 1194 resolv-retry infinite **cipher AES-128-CBC** # Cles ca ca.crt cert client.crt key client.key # Securite nobind persist-key persist-tun comp-lzo verb 3 Message from the host client (fedora 17) in the log file / var / log / messages: Dec 6 21:56:00 GlobalTIC NetworkManager[691]: <info> Starting VPN service 'openvpn'... Dec 6 21:56:00 GlobalTIC NetworkManager[691]: <info> VPN service 'openvpn' started (org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.openvpn), PID 7470 Dec 6 21:56:00 GlobalTIC NetworkManager[691]: <info> VPN service 'openvpn' appeared; activating connections Dec 6 21:56:00 GlobalTIC NetworkManager[691]: <info> VPN plugin state changed: starting (3) Dec 6 21:56:01 GlobalTIC NetworkManager[691]: <info> VPN connection 'Connexion VPN 1' (Connect) reply received. Dec 6 21:56:01 GlobalTIC nm-openvpn[7472]: OpenVPN 2.2.2 x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu [SSL] [LZO2] [EPOLL] [PKCS11] [eurephia] built on Sep 5 2012 Dec 6 21:56:01 GlobalTIC nm-openvpn[7472]:[COLOR="Red"][U][B] WARNING: No server certificate verification method has been enabled.[/B][/U][/COLOR] See http://openvpn.net/howto.html#mitm for more info. Dec 6 21:56:01 GlobalTIC nm-openvpn[7472]: NOTE: the current --script-security setting may allow this configuration to call user-defined scripts Dec 6 21:56:01 GlobalTIC nm-openvpn[7472]:[COLOR="Red"] WARNING: file '/home/login/client/client.key' is group or others accessible[/COLOR] Dec 6 21:56:01 GlobalTIC nm-openvpn[7472]: UDPv4 link local: [undef] Dec 6 21:56:01 GlobalTIC nm-openvpn[7472]: UDPv4 link remote: [COLOR="Red"]<my server wan IP>[/COLOR]:1194 Dec 6 21:56:01 GlobalTIC nm-openvpn[7472]: [COLOR="Red"]read UDPv4 [ECONNREFUSED]: Connection refused (code=111)[/COLOR] Dec 6 21:56:03 GlobalTIC nm-openvpn[7472]: [COLOR="Red"]read UDPv4[/COLOR] [ECONNREFUSED]: Connection refused (code=111) Dec 6 21:56:07 GlobalTIC nm-openvpn[7472]: read UDPv4 [ECONNREFUSED]: Connection refused (code=111) Dec 6 21:56:15 GlobalTIC nm-openvpn[7472]: read UDPv4 [ECONNREFUSED]: Connection refused (code=111) Dec 6 21:56:31 GlobalTIC nm-openvpn[7472]: read UDPv4 [ECONNREFUSED]: Connection refused (code=111) Dec 6 21:56:41 GlobalTIC NetworkManager[691]: <warn> VPN connection 'Connexion VPN 1' (IP Conf[/CODE] ifconfig on server host(debian): ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 08:00:27:16:21:ac inet addr:192.168.1.6 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::a00:27ff:fe16:21ac/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:9059 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:5660 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:919427 (897.8 KiB) TX bytes:1273891 (1.2 MiB) tun0 Link encap:UNSPEC HWaddr 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 inet addr:192.170.70.1 P-t-P:192.170.70.2 Mask:255.255.255.255 UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:100 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) ifconfig on the client host (fedora 17) as0t0: flags=4305<UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,NOARP,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 5.5.0.1 netmask 255.255.252.0 destination 5.5.0.1 unspec 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 txqueuelen 200 (UNSPEC) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 2 bytes 321 (321.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 as0t1: flags=4305<UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,NOARP,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 5.5.4.1 netmask 255.255.252.0 destination 5.5.4.1 unspec 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 txqueuelen 200 (UNSPEC) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 2 bytes 321 (321.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 as0t2: flags=4305<UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,NOARP,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 5.5.8.1 netmask 255.255.252.0 destination 5.5.8.1 unspec 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 txqueuelen 200 (UNSPEC) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 2 bytes 321 (321.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 as0t3: flags=4305<UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,NOARP,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 5.5.12.1 netmask 255.255.252.0 destination 5.5.12.1 unspec 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 txqueuelen 200 (UNSPEC) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 2 bytes 321 (321.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 **p255p1**: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 192.168.1.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255 inet6 fe80::21d:baff:fe20:b7e6 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 00:1d:ba:20:b7:e6 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 4842070 bytes 3579798184 (3.3 GiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 3996158 bytes 2436442882 (2.2 GiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 device interrupt 16 p255p1 is label for eth0 interface and on the server : root@hoteserver:/etc/openvpn# tree . +-- client ¦** +-- ca.crt ¦** +-- client.conf ¦** +-- client.crt ¦** +-- client.csr ¦** +-- client.key ¦** +-- client.ovpn ¦* ¦** +-- easy-rsa ¦** +-- build-ca ¦** +-- build-dh ¦** +-- build-inter ¦** +-- build-key ¦** +-- build-key-pass ¦** +-- build-key-pkcs12 ¦** +-- build-key-server ¦** +-- build-req ¦** +-- build-req-pass ¦** +-- clean-all ¦** +-- inherit-inter ¦** +-- keys ¦** ¦** +-- 01.pem ¦** ¦** +-- 02.pem ¦** ¦** +-- ca.crt ¦** ¦** +-- ca.key ¦** ¦** +-- client.crt ¦** ¦** +-- client.csr ¦** ¦** +-- client.key ¦** ¦** +-- dh1024.pem ¦** ¦** +-- index.txt ¦** ¦** +-- index.txt.attr ¦** ¦** +-- index.txt.attr.old ¦** ¦** +-- index.txt.old ¦** ¦** +-- serial ¦** ¦** +-- serial.old ¦** ¦** +-- server.crt ¦** ¦** +-- server.csr ¦** ¦** +-- server.key ¦** +-- list-crl ¦** +-- Makefile ¦** +-- openssl-0.9.6.cnf.gz ¦** +-- openssl.cnf ¦** +-- pkitool ¦** +-- README.gz ¦** +-- revoke-full ¦** +-- sign-req ¦** +-- vars ¦** +-- whichopensslcnf +-- openvpn.log +-- openvpn-status.log +-- server.conf +-- update-resolv-conf on the client: [login@hoteclient openvpn]$ tree . |-- easy-rsa | |-- 1.0 | | |-- build-ca | | |-- build-dh | | |-- build-inter | | |-- build-key | | |-- build-key-pass | | |-- build-key-pkcs12 | | |-- build-key-server | | |-- build-req | | |-- build-req-pass | | |-- clean-all | | |-- list-crl | | |-- make-crl | | |-- openssl.cnf | | |-- README | | |-- revoke-crt | | |-- revoke-full | | |-- sign-req | | `-- vars | `-- 2.0 | |-- build-ca | |-- build-dh | |-- build-inter | |-- build-key | |-- build-key-pass | |-- build-key-pkcs12 | |-- build-key-server | |-- build-req | |-- build-req-pass | |-- clean-all | |-- inherit-inter | |-- keys [error opening dir] | |-- list-crl | |-- Makefile | |-- openssl-0.9.6.cnf | |-- openssl-0.9.8.cnf | |-- openssl-1.0.0.cnf | |-- pkitool | |-- README | |-- revoke-full | |-- sign-req | |-- vars | `-- whichopensslcnf |-- keys -> ./easy-rsa/2.0/keys/ `-- server.conf the problem source is cipher AES-128-CBC ,proto tcp-client or UDP or the interface p255p1 on fedora17 or file authentification ta.key is not found ????

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• Openvpn plugin openvpn-auth-ldap does not bind to Active Directory

  - by Selivanov Pavel

  I'm trying to configure OpenVPN with openvpn-auth-ldap plugin to authorize users via Active Directory LDAP. When I use the same server config without plugin option, and add client config with generated client key and cert, connection is successful, so problem is in the plugin. server.conf: plugin /usr/lib/openvpn/openvpn-auth-ldap.so "/etc/openvpn-test/openvpn-auth-ldap.conf" port 1194 proto tcp dev tun keepalive 10 60 topology subnet server 10.0.2.0 255.255.255.0 tls-server ca ca.crt dh dh1024.pem cert server.crt key server.key #crl-verify crl.pem persist-key persist-tun user nobody group nogroup verb 3 mute 20 openvpn-auth-ldap.conf: <LDAP> URL ldap://dc1.domain:389 TLSEnable no BindDN cn=bot_auth,cn=Users,dc=domain Password bot_auth Timeout 15 FollowReferrals yes </LDAP> <Authorization> BaseDN "cn=Users,dc=domain" SearchFilter "(sAMAccountName=%u)" RequireGroup false # <Group> # BaseDN "ou=groups,dc=mycompany,dc=local" # SearchFilter "(|(cn=developers)(cn=artists))" # MemberAttribute uniqueMember # </Group> </Authorization> Top-level domain in AD is used by historical reasons. Analogue configuration is working for Apache 2.2 in mod-authzn-ldap. User and password are correct. client.conf: remote server_name port 1194 proto tcp client pull remote-cert-tls server dev tun resolv-retry infinite nobind ca ca.crt ; with keys - works fine #cert test.crt #key test.key ; without keys - by password auth-user-pass persist-tun verb 3 mute 20 In server log there is string PLUGIN_INIT: POST /usr/lib/openvpn/openvpn-auth-ldap.so '[/usr/lib/openvpn/openvpn-auth-ldap.so] [/etc/openvpn-test/openvpn-auth-ldap.conf]' which indicates, that plugin failed. I can telnet to dc1.domain:389, so this is not network/firewall problem. Later server says TLS Error: TLS object -> incoming plaintext read error TLS handshake failed - without plugin it tryes to do usal key authentification. server log: Tue Nov 22 03:06:20 2011 OpenVPN 2.1.3 i486-pc-linux-gnu [SSL] [LZO2] [EPOLL] [PKCS11] [MH] [PF_INET6] [eurephia] built on Oct 21 2010 Tue Nov 22 03:06:20 2011 NOTE: OpenVPN 2.1 requires '--script-security 2' or higher to call user-defined scripts or executables Tue Nov 22 03:06:20 2011 PLUGIN_INIT: POST /usr/lib/openvpn/openvpn-auth-ldap.so '[/usr/lib/openvpn/openvpn-auth-ldap.so] [/etc/openvpn-test/openvpn-auth-ldap.conf]' intercepted=PLUGIN_AUTH_USER_PASS_VERIFY|PLUGIN_CLIENT_CONNECT|PLUGIN_CLIENT_DISCONNECT Tue Nov 22 03:06:20 2011 Diffie-Hellman initialized with 1024 bit key Tue Nov 22 03:06:20 2011 /usr/bin/openssl-vulnkey -q -b 1024 -m <modulus omitted> Tue Nov 22 03:06:20 2011 Control Channel Authentication: using 'ta.key' as a OpenVPN static key file Tue Nov 22 03:06:20 2011 Outgoing Control Channel Authentication: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Tue Nov 22 03:06:20 2011 Incoming Control Channel Authentication: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Tue Nov 22 03:06:20 2011 TLS-Auth MTU parms [ L:1543 D:168 EF:68 EB:0 ET:0 EL:0 ] Tue Nov 22 03:06:20 2011 Socket Buffers: R=[87380->131072] S=[16384->131072] Tue Nov 22 03:06:20 2011 TUN/TAP device tun1 opened Tue Nov 22 03:06:20 2011 TUN/TAP TX queue length set to 100 Tue Nov 22 03:06:20 2011 /sbin/ifconfig tun1 10.0.2.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 mtu 1500 broadcast 10.0.2.255 Tue Nov 22 03:06:20 2011 Data Channel MTU parms [ L:1543 D:1450 EF:43 EB:4 ET:0 EL:0 ] Tue Nov 22 03:06:20 2011 GID set to nogroup Tue Nov 22 03:06:20 2011 UID set to nobody Tue Nov 22 03:06:20 2011 Listening for incoming TCP connection on [undef] Tue Nov 22 03:06:20 2011 TCPv4_SERVER link local (bound): [undef] Tue Nov 22 03:06:20 2011 TCPv4_SERVER link remote: [undef] Tue Nov 22 03:06:20 2011 MULTI: multi_init called, r=256 v=256 Tue Nov 22 03:06:20 2011 IFCONFIG POOL: base=10.0.2.2 size=252 Tue Nov 22 03:06:20 2011 MULTI: TCP INIT maxclients=1024 maxevents=1028 Tue Nov 22 03:06:20 2011 Initialization Sequence Completed Tue Nov 22 03:07:10 2011 MULTI: multi_create_instance called Tue Nov 22 03:07:10 2011 Re-using SSL/TLS context Tue Nov 22 03:07:10 2011 Control Channel MTU parms [ L:1543 D:168 EF:68 EB:0 ET:0 EL:0 ] Tue Nov 22 03:07:10 2011 Data Channel MTU parms [ L:1543 D:1450 EF:43 EB:4 ET:0 EL:0 ] Tue Nov 22 03:07:10 2011 Local Options hash (VER=V4): 'c413e92e' Tue Nov 22 03:07:10 2011 Expected Remote Options hash (VER=V4): 'd8421bb0' Tue Nov 22 03:07:10 2011 TCP connection established with [AF_INET]10.0.0.9:47808 Tue Nov 22 03:07:10 2011 TCPv4_SERVER link local: [undef] Tue Nov 22 03:07:10 2011 TCPv4_SERVER link remote: [AF_INET]10.0.0.9:47808 Tue Nov 22 03:07:11 2011 10.0.0.9:47808 TLS: Initial packet from [AF_INET]10.0.0.9:47808, sid=a2cd4052 84b47108 Tue Nov 22 03:07:11 2011 10.0.0.9:47808 TLS_ERROR: BIO read tls_read_plaintext error: error:140890C7:SSL routines:SSL3_GET_CLIENT_CERTIFICATE:peer did not return a certificate Tue Nov 22 03:07:11 2011 10.0.0.9:47808 TLS Error: TLS object -> incoming plaintext read error Tue Nov 22 03:07:11 2011 10.0.0.9:47808 TLS Error: TLS handshake failed Tue Nov 22 03:07:11 2011 10.0.0.9:47808 Fatal TLS error (check_tls_errors_co), restarting Tue Nov 22 03:07:11 2011 10.0.0.9:47808 SIGUSR1[soft,tls-error] received, client-instance restarting Tue Nov 22 03:07:11 2011 TCP/UDP: Closing socket client log: Tue Nov 22 03:06:18 2011 OpenVPN 2.1.3 x86_64-pc-linux-gnu [SSL] [LZO2] [EPOLL] [PKCS11] [MH] [PF_INET6] [eurephia] built on Oct 22 2010 Enter Auth Username:user Enter Auth Password: Tue Nov 22 03:06:25 2011 NOTE: OpenVPN 2.1 requires '--script-security 2' or higher to call user-defined scripts or executables Tue Nov 22 03:06:25 2011 Control Channel Authentication: using 'ta.key' as a OpenVPN static key file Tue Nov 22 03:06:25 2011 Outgoing Control Channel Authentication: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Tue Nov 22 03:06:25 2011 Incoming Control Channel Authentication: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication Tue Nov 22 03:06:25 2011 Control Channel MTU parms [ L:1543 D:168 EF:68 EB:0 ET:0 EL:0 ] Tue Nov 22 03:06:25 2011 Socket Buffers: R=[87380->131072] S=[16384->131072] Tue Nov 22 03:06:25 2011 Data Channel MTU parms [ L:1543 D:1450 EF:43 EB:4 ET:0 EL:0 ] Tue Nov 22 03:06:25 2011 Local Options hash (VER=V4): 'd8421bb0' Tue Nov 22 03:06:25 2011 Expected Remote Options hash (VER=V4): 'c413e92e' Tue Nov 22 03:06:25 2011 Attempting to establish TCP connection with [AF_INET]10.0.0.2:1194 [nonblock] Tue Nov 22 03:06:26 2011 TCP connection established with [AF_INET]10.0.0.2:1194 Tue Nov 22 03:06:26 2011 TCPv4_CLIENT link local: [undef] Tue Nov 22 03:06:26 2011 TCPv4_CLIENT link remote: [AF_INET]10.0.0.2:1194 Tue Nov 22 03:06:26 2011 TLS: Initial packet from [AF_INET]10.0.0.2:1194, sid=7a3c2a0f bd35bca7 Tue Nov 22 03:06:26 2011 WARNING: this configuration may cache passwords in memory -- use the auth-nocache option to prevent this Tue Nov 22 03:06:26 2011 VERIFY OK: depth=1, /C=US/ST=CA/L=SanFrancisco/O=Fort-Funston/CN=Fort-Funston_CA/[email protected] Tue Nov 22 03:06:26 2011 Validating certificate key usage Tue Nov 22 03:06:26 2011 ++ Certificate has key usage 00a0, expects 00a0 Tue Nov 22 03:06:26 2011 VERIFY KU OK Tue Nov 22 03:06:26 2011 Validating certificate extended key usage Tue Nov 22 03:06:26 2011 ++ Certificate has EKU (str) TLS Web Server Authentication, expects TLS Web Server Authentication Tue Nov 22 03:06:26 2011 VERIFY EKU OK Tue Nov 22 03:06:26 2011 VERIFY OK: depth=0, /C=US/ST=CA/L=SanFrancisco/O=Fort-Funston/CN=server/[email protected] Tue Nov 22 03:06:26 2011 Connection reset, restarting [0] Tue Nov 22 03:06:26 2011 TCP/UDP: Closing socket Tue Nov 22 03:06:26 2011 SIGUSR1[soft,connection-reset] received, process restarting Tue Nov 22 03:06:26 2011 Restart pause, 5 second(s) ^CTue Nov 22 03:06:27 2011 SIGINT[hard,init_instance] received, process exiting Does anybody know how to get openvpn-auth-ldap wirking?

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• Problem using Hibernate-Search

  - by KCore

  Hi, I am using hibernate search for my application. It is well configured and running perfectly till some time back, when it stopped working suddenly. The reason according to me being the number of my model (bean) classes. I have some 90 classes, which I add to my configuration, while building my Hibernate Configuration. When, I disable hibernate search (remove the search annotations and use Configuration instead of AnnotationsConfiguration), I try to start my application, it Works fine. But,the same app when I enable search, it just hangs up. I tried debugging and found the exact place where it hangs. After adding all the class to my AnnotationsConfiguration object, when I say cfg.buildSessionfactory(), It never comes out of that statement. (I have waited for hours!!!) Also when I decrease the number of my model classes (like say to half i.e. 50) it comes out of that statement and the application works fine.. Can Someone tell why is this happening?? My versions of hibernate are: hibernate-core-3.3.1.GA.jar hibernate-annotations-3.4.0.GA.jar hibernate-commons-annotations-3.1.0.GA.jar hibernate-search-3.1.0.GA.jar Also if need to avoid using AnnotationsConfiguration, I read that I need to configure the search event listeners explicitly.. can anyone list all the neccessary listeners and their respective classes? (I tried the standard ones given in Hibernate Search books, but they give me ClassNotFound exception and I have all the neccesarty libs in classpath) Here are the last few lines of hibernate trace I managed to pull : 16:09:32,814 INFO AnnotationConfiguration:369 - Hibernate Validator not found: ignoring 16:09:32,892 INFO ConnectionProviderFactory:95 - Initializing connection provider: org.hibernate.connection.C3P0ConnectionProvider 16:09:32,895 INFO C3P0ConnectionProvider:103 - C3P0 using driver: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver at URL: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/autolinkcrmcom_data 16:09:32,898 INFO C3P0ConnectionProvider:104 - Connection properties: {user=root, password=****} 16:09:32,900 INFO C3P0ConnectionProvider:107 - autocommit mode: false 16:09:33,694 INFO SettingsFactory:116 - RDBMS: MySQL, version: 5.1.37-1ubuntu5.1 16:09:33,696 INFO SettingsFactory:117 - JDBC driver: MySQL-AB JDBC Driver, version: mysql-connector-java-3.1.10 ( $Date: 2005/05/19 15:52:23 $, $Revision: 1.1.2.2 $ ) 16:09:33,701 INFO Dialect:175 - Using dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect 16:09:33,707 INFO TransactionFactoryFactory:59 - Using default transaction strategy (direct JDBC transactions) 16:09:33,709 INFO TransactionManagerLookupFactory:80 - No TransactionManagerLookup configured (in JTA environment, use of read-write or transactional second-level cache is not recommended) 16:09:33,711 INFO SettingsFactory:170 - Automatic flush during beforeCompletion(): disabled 16:09:33,714 INFO SettingsFactory:174 - Automatic session close at end of transaction: disabled 16:09:32,814 INFO AnnotationConfiguration:369 - Hibernate Validator not found: ignoring 16:09:32,892 INFO ConnectionProviderFactory:95 - Initializing connection provider: org.hibernate.connection.C3P0ConnectionProvider 16:09:32,895 INFO C3P0ConnectionProvider:103 - C3P0 using driver: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver at URL: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/autolinkcrmcom_data 16:09:32,898 INFO C3P0ConnectionProvider:104 - Connection properties: {user=root, password=****} 16:09:32,900 INFO C3P0ConnectionProvider:107 - autocommit mode: false 16:09:33,694 INFO SettingsFactory:116 - RDBMS: MySQL, version: 5.1.37-1ubuntu5.1 16:09:33,696 INFO SettingsFactory:117 - JDBC driver: MySQL-AB JDBC Driver, version: mysql-connector-java-3.1.10 ( $Date: 2005/05/19 15:52:23 $, $Revision: 1.1.2.2 $ ) 16:09:33,701 INFO Dialect:175 - Using dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect 16:09:33,707 INFO TransactionFactoryFactory:59 - Using default transaction strategy (direct JDBC transactions) 16:09:33,709 INFO TransactionManagerLookupFactory:80 - No TransactionManagerLookup configured (in JTA environment, use of read-write or transactional second-level cache is not recommended) 16:09:33,711 INFO SettingsFactory:170 - Automatic flush during beforeCompletion(): disabled 16:09:33,714 INFO SettingsFactory:174 - Automatic session close at end of transaction: disabled 16:09:33,716 INFO SettingsFactory:181 - JDBC batch size: 15 16:09:33,719 INFO SettingsFactory:184 - JDBC batch updates for versioned data: disabled 16:09:33,721 INFO SettingsFactory:189 - Scrollable result sets: enabled 16:09:33,723 DEBUG SettingsFactory:193 - Wrap result sets: disabled 16:09:33,725 INFO SettingsFactory:197 - JDBC3 getGeneratedKeys(): enabled 16:09:33,727 INFO SettingsFactory:205 - Connection release mode: auto 16:09:33,730 INFO SettingsFactory:229 - Maximum outer join fetch depth: 2 16:09:33,732 INFO SettingsFactory:232 - Default batch fetch size: 1000 16:09:33,735 INFO SettingsFactory:236 - Generate SQL with comments: disabled 16:09:33,737 INFO SettingsFactory:240 - Order SQL updates by primary key: disabled 16:09:33,740 INFO SettingsFactory:244 - Order SQL inserts for batching: disabled 16:09:33,742 INFO SettingsFactory:420 - Query translator: org.hibernate.hql.ast.ASTQueryTranslatorFactory 16:09:33,744 INFO ASTQueryTranslatorFactory:47 - Using ASTQueryTranslatorFactory 16:09:33,747 INFO SettingsFactory:252 - Query language substitutions: {} 16:09:33,750 INFO SettingsFactory:257 - JPA-QL strict compliance: disabled 16:09:33,752 INFO SettingsFactory:262 - Second-level cache: enabled 16:09:33,754 INFO SettingsFactory:266 - Query cache: disabled 16:09:33,757 INFO SettingsFactory:405 - Cache region factory : org.hibernate.cache.impl.bridge.RegionFactoryCacheProviderBridge 16:09:33,759 INFO RegionFactoryCacheProviderBridge:61 - Cache provider: net.sf.ehcache.hibernate.EhCacheProvider 16:09:33,762 INFO SettingsFactory:276 - Optimize cache for minimal puts: disabled 16:09:33,764 INFO SettingsFactory:285 - Structured second-level cache entries: disabled 16:09:33,766 INFO SettingsFactory:314 - Statistics: disabled 16:09:33,769 INFO SettingsFactory:318 - Deleted entity synthetic identifier rollback: disabled 16:09:33,771 INFO SettingsFactory:333 - Default entity-mode: pojo 16:09:33,774 INFO SettingsFactory:337 - Named query checking : enabled 16:09:33,869 INFO Version:20 - Hibernate Search 3.1.0.GA 16:09:35,134 DEBUG DocumentBuilderIndexedEntity:157 - Field selection in projections is set to false for entity **com.xyz.abc**. recognized hibernaterecognized hibernaterecognized hibernaterecognized hibernaterecognized hibernaterecognized hibernaterecognized hibernaterecognized hibernaterecognized hibernaterecognized hibernateDocumentBuilderIndexedEntity Donno what the last line indicates ??? (hibernaterecognized....) After the last line it doesnt do anything (no trace too ) and just hangs....

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• 6 Ways to Free Up Hard Drive Space Used by Windows System Files

  - by Chris Hoffman

  We’ve previously covered the standard ways to free up space on Windows. But if you have a small solid-state drive and really want more hard space, there are geekier ways to reclaim hard drive space. Not all of these tips are recommended — in fact, if you have more than enough hard drive space, following these tips may actually be a bad idea. There’s a tradeoff to changing all of these settings. Erase Windows Update Uninstall Files Windows allows you to uninstall patches you install from Windows Update. This is helpful if an update ever causes a problem — but how often do you need to uninstall an update, anyway? And will you really ever need to uninstall updates you’ve installed several years ago? These uninstall files are probably just wasting space on your hard drive. A recent update released for Windows 7 allows you to erase Windows Update files from the Windows Disk Cleanup tool. Open Disk Cleanup, click Clean up system files, check the Windows Update Cleanup option, and click OK. If you don’t see this option, run Windows Update and install the available updates. Remove the Recovery Partition Windows computers generally come with recovery partitions that allow you to reset your computer back to its factory default state without juggling discs. The recovery partition allows you to reinstall Windows or use the Refresh and Reset your PC features. These partitions take up a lot of space as they need to contain a complete system image. On Microsoft’s Surface Pro, the recovery partition takes up about 8-10 GB. On other computers, it may be even larger as it needs to contain all the bloatware the manufacturer included. Windows 8 makes it easy to copy the recovery partition to removable media and remove it from your hard drive. If you do this, you’ll need to insert the removable media whenever you want to refresh or reset your PC. On older Windows 7 computers, you could delete the recovery partition using a partition manager — but ensure you have recovery media ready if you ever need to install Windows. If you prefer to install Windows from scratch instead of using your manufacturer’s recovery partition, you can just insert a standard Window disc if you ever want to reinstall Windows. Disable the Hibernation File Windows creates a hidden hibernation file at C:\hiberfil.sys. Whenever you hibernate the computer, Windows saves the contents of your RAM to the hibernation file and shuts down the computer. When it boots up again, it reads the contents of the file into memory and restores your computer to the state it was in. As this file needs to contain much of the contents of your RAM, it’s 75% of the size of your installed RAM. If you have 12 GB of memory, that means this file takes about 9 GB of space. On a laptop, you probably don’t want to disable hibernation. However, if you have a desktop with a small solid-state drive, you may want to disable hibernation to recover the space. When you disable hibernation, Windows will delete the hibernation file. You can’t move this file off the system drive, as it needs to be on C:\ so Windows can read it at boot. Note that this file and the paging file are marked as “protected operating system files” and aren’t visible by default. Shrink the Paging File The Windows paging file, also known as the page file, is a file Windows uses if your computer’s available RAM ever fills up. Windows will then “page out” data to disk, ensuring there’s always available memory for applications — even if there isn’t enough physical RAM. The paging file is located at C:\pagefile.sys by default. You can shrink it or disable it if you’re really crunched for space, but we don’t recommend disabling it as that can cause problems if your computer ever needs some paging space. On our computer with 12 GB of RAM, the paging file takes up 12 GB of hard drive space by default. If you have a lot of RAM, you can certainly decrease the size — we’d probably be fine with 2 GB or even less. However, this depends on the programs you use and how much memory they require. The paging file can also be moved to another drive — for example, you could move it from a small SSD to a slower, larger hard drive. It will be slower if Windows ever needs to use the paging file, but it won’t use important SSD space. Configure System Restore Windows seems to use about 10 GB of hard drive space for “System Protection” by default. This space is used for System Restore snapshots, allowing you to restore previous versions of system files if you ever run into a system problem. If you need to free up space, you could reduce the amount of space allocated to system restore or even disable it entirely. Of course, if you disable it entirely, you’ll be unable to use system restore if you ever need it. You’d have to reinstall Windows, perform a Refresh or Reset, or fix any problems manually. Tweak Your Windows Installer Disc Want to really start stripping down Windows, ripping out components that are installed by default? You can do this with a tool designed for modifying Windows installer discs, such as WinReducer for Windows 8 or RT Se7en Lite for Windows 7. These tools allow you to create a customized installation disc, slipstreaming in updates and configuring default options. You can also use them to remove components from the Windows disc, shrinking the size of the resulting Windows installation. This isn’t recommended as you could cause problems with your Windows installation by removing important features. But it’s certainly an option if you want to make Windows as tiny as possible. Most Windows users can benefit from removing Windows Update uninstallation files, so it’s good to see that Microsoft finally gave Windows 7 users the ability to quickly and easily erase these files. However, if you have more than enough hard drive space, you should probably leave well enough alone and let Windows manage the rest of these settings on its own. Image Credit: Yutaka Tsutano on Flickr     

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• Hibernate unknown entity (not missing @Entity or import javax.persistence.Entity )

  - by david99world

  I've got a really simple class... import javax.persistence.Column; import javax.persistence.Entity; import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue; import javax.persistence.GenerationType; import javax.persistence.Id; import javax.persistence.Table; @Entity @Table(name = "users") public class User { @Column(name = "firstName") private String firstName; @Column(name = "lastName") private String lastName; @Column(name = "email") private String email; @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.AUTO) @Column(name = "id") private long id; public String getFirstName() { return firstName; } public void setFirstName(String firstName) { this.firstName = firstName; } public String getLastName() { return lastName; } public void setLastName(String lastName) { this.lastName = lastName; } public String getEmail() { return email; } public void setEmail(String email) { this.email = email; } public long getId() { return id; } public void setId(long id) { this.id = id; } } I call it using... public class Main { /** * @param args */ public static void main(String[] args) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub HibernateUtil.buildSessionFactory(); Session session = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory().getCurrentSession(); session.beginTransaction(); User u = new User(); u.setEmail("[email protected]"); u.setFirstName("David"); u.setLastName("Gray"); session.save(u); session.getTransaction().commit(); System.out.println("Record committed"); session.close(); } } I keep getting... Exception in thread "main" org.hibernate.MappingException: Unknown entity: org.assessme.com.entity.User at org.hibernate.internal.SessionFactoryImpl.getEntityPersister(SessionFactoryImpl.java:1172) at org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.getEntityPersister(SessionImpl.java:1316) at org.hibernate.event.internal.AbstractSaveEventListener.saveWithGeneratedId(AbstractSaveEventListener.java:117) at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.saveWithGeneratedOrRequestedId(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:204) at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveEventListener.saveWithGeneratedOrRequestedId(DefaultSaveEventListener.java:55) at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.entityIsTransient(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:189) at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveEventListener.performSaveOrUpdate(DefaultSaveEventListener.java:49) at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.onSaveOrUpdate(DefaultSaveOrUpdateEventListener.java:90) at org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.fireSave(SessionImpl.java:670) at org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.save(SessionImpl.java:662) at org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.save(SessionImpl.java:658) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:601) at org.hibernate.context.internal.ThreadLocalSessionContext$TransactionProtectionWrapper.invoke(ThreadLocalSessionContext.java:352) at $Proxy4.save(Unknown Source) at Main.main(Main.java:20) hibernateUtil is... import org.hibernate.SessionFactory; import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration; import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistry; import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistryBuilder; public class HibernateUtil { private static SessionFactory sessionFactory; private static ServiceRegistry serviceRegistry; public static SessionFactory buildSessionFactory() { try { // Create the SessionFactory from hibernate.cfg.xml Configuration configuration = new Configuration(); configuration.configure(); serviceRegistry = new ServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(configuration.getProperties()).buildServiceRegistry(); return new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory(serviceRegistry); } catch (Throwable ex) { // Make sure you log the exception, as it might be swallowed System.err.println("Initial SessionFactory creation failed." + ex); throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(ex); } } public static SessionFactory getSessionFactory() { sessionFactory = new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory(serviceRegistry); return sessionFactory; } } does anyone have any ideas as I've looked at so many duplicates but the resolutions don't appear to work for me. hibernate.cfg.xml shown below... <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-configuration> <session-factory> <!-- Database connection settings --> <property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property> <property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost/ssme</property> <property name="connection.username">root</property> <property name="connection.password">mypassword</property> <!-- JDBC connection pool (use the built-in) --> <property name="connection.pool_size">1</property> <!-- SQL dialect --> <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property> <!-- Enable Hibernate's automatic session context management --> <property name="current_session_context_class">thread</property> <!-- Disable the second-level cache --> <property name="cache.provider_class">org.hibernate.cache.NoCacheProvider</property> <!-- Echo all executed SQL to stdout --> <property name="show_sql">true</property> <!-- Drop and re-create the database schema on startup --> <property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property> </session-factory> </hibernate-configuration>

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• HTG Explains: Why Does Rebooting a Computer Fix So Many Problems?

  - by Chris Hoffman

  Ask a geek how to fix a problem you’ve having with your Windows computer and they’ll likely ask “Have you tried rebooting it?” This seems like a flippant response, but rebooting a computer can actually solve many problems. So what’s going on here? Why does resetting a device or restarting a program fix so many problems? And why don’t geeks try to identify and fix problems rather than use the blunt hammer of “reset it”? This Isn’t Just About Windows Bear in mind that this soltion isn’t just limited to Windows computers, but applies to all types of computing devices. You’ll find the advice “try resetting it” applied to wireless routers, iPads, Android phones, and more. This same advice even applies to software — is Firefox acting slow and consuming a lot of memory? Try closing it and reopening it! Some Problems Require a Restart To illustrate why rebooting can fix so many problems, let’s take a look at the ultimate software problem a Windows computer can face: Windows halts, showing a blue screen of death. The blue screen was caused by a low-level error, likely a problem with a hardware driver or a hardware malfunction. Windows reaches a state where it doesn’t know how to recover, so it halts, shows a blue-screen of death, gathers information about the problem, and automatically restarts the computer for you . This restart fixes the blue screen of death. Windows has gotten better at dealing with errors — for example, if your graphics driver crashes, Windows XP would have frozen. In Windows Vista and newer versions of Windows, the Windows desktop will lose its fancy graphical effects for a few moments before regaining them. Behind the scenes, Windows is restarting the malfunctioning graphics driver. But why doesn’t Windows simply fix the problem rather than restarting the driver or the computer itself?  Well, because it can’t — the code has encountered a problem and stopped working completely, so there’s no way for it to continue. By restarting, the code can start from square one and hopefully it won’t encounter the same problem again. Examples of Restarting Fixing Problems While certain problems require a complete restart because the operating system or a hardware driver has stopped working, not every problem does. Some problems may be fixable without a restart, though a restart may be the easiest option. Windows is Slow: Let’s say Windows is running very slowly. It’s possible that a misbehaving program is using 99% CPU and draining the computer’s resources. A geek could head to the task manager and look around, hoping to locate the misbehaving process an end it. If an average user encountered this same problem, they could simply reboot their computer to fix it rather than dig through their running processes. Firefox or Another Program is Using Too Much Memory: In the past, Firefox has been the poster child for memory leaks on average PCs. Over time, Firefox would often consume more and more memory, getting larger and larger and slowing down. Closing Firefox will cause it to relinquish all of its memory. When it starts again, it will start from a clean state without any leaked memory. This doesn’t just apply to Firefox, but applies to any software with memory leaks. Internet or Wi-Fi Network Problems: If you have a problem with your Wi-Fi or Internet connection, the software on your router or modem may have encountered a problem. Resetting the router — just by unplugging it from its power socket and then plugging it back in — is a common solution for connection problems. In all cases, a restart wipes away the current state of the software . Any code that’s stuck in a misbehaving state will be swept away, too. When you restart, the computer or device will bring the system up from scratch, restarting all the software from square one so it will work just as well as it was working before. “Soft Resets” vs. “Hard Resets” In the mobile device world, there are two types of “resets” you can perform. A “soft reset” is simply restarting a device normally — turning it off and then on again. A “hard reset” is resetting its software state back to its factory default state. When you think about it, both types of resets fix problems for a similar reason. For example, let’s say your Windows computer refuses to boot or becomes completely infected with malware. Simply restarting the computer won’t fix the problem, as the problem is with the files on the computer’s hard drive — it has corrupted files or malware that loads at startup on its hard drive. However, reinstalling Windows (performing a “Refresh or Reset your PC” operation in Windows 8 terms) will wipe away everything on the computer’s hard drive, restoring it to its formerly clean state. This is simpler than looking through the computer’s hard drive, trying to identify the exact reason for the problems or trying to ensure you’ve obliterated every last trace of malware. It’s much faster to simply start over from a known-good, clean state instead of trying to locate every possible problem and fix it. Ultimately, the answer is that “resetting a computer wipes away the current state of the software, including any problems that have developed, and allows it to start over from square one.” It’s easier and faster to start from a clean state than identify and fix any problems that may be occurring — in fact, in some cases, it may be impossible to fix problems without beginning from that clean state. Image Credit: Arria Belli on Flickr, DeclanTM on Flickr     

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• C#/.NET Little Wonders: Interlocked Read() and Exchange()

  - by James Michael Hare

  Once again, in this series of posts I look at the parts of the .NET Framework that may seem trivial, but can help improve your code by making it easier to write and maintain. The index of all my past little wonders posts can be found here. Last time we discussed the Interlocked class and its Add(), Increment(), and Decrement() methods which are all useful for updating a value atomically by adding (or subtracting).  However, this begs the question of how do we set and read those values atomically as well? Read() – Read a value atomically Let’s begin by examining the following code: 1: public class Incrementor 2: { 3: private long _value = 0; 4:  5: public long Value { get { return _value; } } 6:  7: public void Increment() 8: { 9: Interlocked.Increment(ref _value); 10: } 11: } 12:  It uses an interlocked increment, as we discuss in my previous post (here), so we know that the increment will be thread-safe.  But, to realize what’s potentially wrong we have to know a bit about how atomic reads are in 32 bit and 64 bit .NET environments. When you are dealing with an item smaller or equal to the system word size (such as an int on a 32 bit system or a long on a 64 bit system) then the read is generally atomic, because it can grab all of the bits needed at once.  However, when dealing with something larger than the system word size (reading a long on a 32 bit system for example), it cannot grab the whole value at once, which can lead to some problems since this read isn’t atomic. For example, this means that on a 32 bit system we may read one half of the long before another thread increments the value, and the other half of it after the increment.  To protect us from reading an invalid value in this manner, we can do an Interlocked.Read() to force the read to be atomic (of course, you’d want to make sure any writes or increments are atomic also): 1: public class Incrementor 2: { 3: private long _value = 0; 4:  5: public long Value 6: { 7: get { return Interlocked.Read(ref _value); } 8: } 9:  10: public void Increment() 11: { 12: Interlocked.Increment(ref _value); 13: } 14: } Now we are guaranteed that we will read the 64 bit value atomically on a 32 bit system, thus ensuring our thread safety (assuming all other reads, writes, increments, etc. are likewise protected).  Note that as stated before, and according to the MSDN (here), it isn’t strictly necessary to use Interlocked.Read() for reading 64 bit values on 64 bit systems, but for those still working in 32 bit environments, it comes in handy when dealing with long atomically. Exchange() – Exchanges two values atomically Exchange() lets us store a new value in the given location (the ref parameter) and return the old value as a result. So just as Read() allows us to read atomically, one use of Exchange() is to write values atomically.  For example, if we wanted to add a Reset() method to our Incrementor, we could do something like this: 1: public void Reset() 2: { 3: _value = 0; 4: } But the assignment wouldn’t be atomic on 32 bit systems, since the word size is 32 bits and the variable is a long (64 bits).  Thus our assignment could have only set half the value when a threaded read or increment happens, which would put us in a bad state. So instead, we could write Reset() like this: 1: public void Reset() 2: { 3: Interlocked.Exchange(ref _value, 0); 4: } And we’d be safe again on a 32 bit system. But this isn’t the only reason Exchange() is valuable.  The key comes in realizing that Exchange() doesn’t just set a new value, it returns the old as well in an atomic step.  Hence the name “exchange”: you are swapping the value to set with the stored value. So why would we want to do this?  Well, anytime you want to set a value and take action based on the previous value.  An example of this might be a scheme where you have several tasks, and during every so often, each of the tasks may nominate themselves to do some administrative chore.  Perhaps you don’t want to make this thread dedicated for whatever reason, but want to be robust enough to let any of the threads that isn’t currently occupied nominate itself for the job.  An easy and lightweight way to do this would be to have a long representing whether someone has acquired the “election” or not.  So a 0 would indicate no one has been elected and 1 would indicate someone has been elected. We could then base our nomination strategy as follows: every so often, a thread will attempt an Interlocked.Exchange() on the long and with a value of 1.  The first thread to do so will set it to a 1 and return back the old value of 0.  We can use this to show that they were the first to nominate and be chosen are thus “in charge”.  Anyone who nominates after that will attempt the same Exchange() but will get back a value of 1, which indicates that someone already had set it to a 1 before them, thus they are not elected. Then, the only other step we need take is to remember to release the election flag once the elected thread accomplishes its task, which we’d do by setting the value back to 0.  In this way, the next thread to nominate with Exchange() will get back the 0 letting them know they are the new elected nominee. Such code might look like this: 1: public class Nominator 2: { 3: private long _nomination = 0; 4: public bool Elect() 5: { 6: return Interlocked.Exchange(ref _nomination, 1) == 0; 7: } 8: public bool Release() 9: { 10: return Interlocked.Exchange(ref _nomination, 0) == 1; 11: } 12: } There’s many ways to do this, of course, but you get the idea.  Running 5 threads doing some “sleep” work might look like this: 1: var nominator = new Nominator(); 2: var random = new Random(); 3: Parallel.For(0, 5, i => 4: { 5:  6: for (int j = 0; j < _iterations; ++j) 7: { 8: if (nominator.Elect()) 9: { 10: // elected 11: Console.WriteLine("Elected nominee " + i); 12: Thread.Sleep(random.Next(100, 5000)); 13: nominator.Release(); 14: } 15: else 16: { 17: // not elected 18: Console.WriteLine("Did not elect nominee " + i); 19: } 20: // sleep before check again 21: Thread.Sleep(1000); 22: } 23: }); And would spit out results like: 1: Elected nominee 0 2: Did not elect nominee 2 3: Did not elect nominee 1 4: Did not elect nominee 4 5: Did not elect nominee 3 6: Did not elect nominee 3 7: Did not elect nominee 1 8: Did not elect nominee 2 9: Did not elect nominee 4 10: Elected nominee 3 11: Did not elect nominee 2 12: Did not elect nominee 1 13: Did not elect nominee 4 14: Elected nominee 0 15: Did not elect nominee 2 16: Did not elect nominee 4 17: ... Another nice thing about the Interlocked.Exchange() is it can be used to thread-safely set pretty much anything 64 bits or less in size including references, pointers (in unsafe mode), floats, doubles, etc.  Summary So, now we’ve seen two more things we can do with Interlocked: reading and exchanging a value atomically.  Read() and Exchange() are especially valuable for reading/writing 64 bit values atomically in a 32 bit system.  Exchange() has value even beyond simply atomic writes by using the Exchange() to your advantage, since it reads and set the value atomically, which allows you to do lightweight nomination systems. There’s still a few more goodies in the Interlocked class which we’ll explore next time! Technorati Tags: C#,CSharp,.NET,Little Wonders,Interlocked

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• Database file is inexplicably locked during SQLite commit

  - by sweeney

  Hello, I'm performing a large number of INSERTS to a SQLite database. I'm using just one thread. I batch the writes to improve performance and have a bit of security in case of a crash. Basically I cache up a bunch of data in memory and then when I deem appropriate, I loop over all of that data and perform the INSERTS. The code for this is shown below: public void Commit() { using (SQLiteConnection conn = new SQLiteConnection(this.connString)) { conn.Open(); using (SQLiteTransaction trans = conn.BeginTransaction()) { using (SQLiteCommand command = conn.CreateCommand()) { command.CommandText = "INSERT OR IGNORE INTO [MY_TABLE] (col1, col2) VALUES (?,?)"; command.Parameters.Add(this.col1Param); command.Parameters.Add(this.col2Param); foreach (Data o in this.dataTemp) { this.col1Param.Value = o.Col1Prop; this. col2Param.Value = o.Col2Prop; command.ExecuteNonQuery(); } } this.TryHandleCommit(trans); } conn.Close(); } } I now employ the following gimmick to get the thing to eventually work: private void TryHandleCommit(SQLiteTransaction trans) { try { trans.Commit(); } catch (Exception e) { Console.WriteLine("Trying again..."); this.TryHandleCommit(trans); } } I create my DB like so: public DataBase(String path) { //build connection string SQLiteConnectionStringBuilder connString = new SQLiteConnectionStringBuilder(); connString.DataSource = path; connString.Version = 3; connString.DefaultTimeout = 5; connString.JournalMode = SQLiteJournalModeEnum.Persist; connString.UseUTF16Encoding = true; using (connection = new SQLiteConnection(connString.ToString())) { //check for existence of db FileInfo f = new FileInfo(path); if (!f.Exists) //build new blank db { SQLiteConnection.CreateFile(path); connection.Open(); using (SQLiteTransaction trans = connection.BeginTransaction()) { using (SQLiteCommand command = connection.CreateCommand()) { command.CommandText = DataBase.CREATE_MATCHES; command.ExecuteNonQuery(); command.CommandText = DataBase.CREATE_STRING_DATA; command.ExecuteNonQuery(); //TODO add logging } trans.Commit(); } connection.Close(); } } } I then export the connection string and use it to obtain new connections in different parts of the program. At seemingly random intervals, though at far too great a rate to ignore or otherwise workaround this problem, I get unhandled SQLiteException: Database file is locked. This occurs when I attempt to commit the transaction. No errors seem to occur prior to then. This does not always happen. Sometimes the whole thing runs without a hitch. No reads are being performed on these files before the commits finish. I have the very latest SQLite binary. I'm compiling for .NET 2.0. I'm using VS 2008. The db is a local file. All of this activity is encapsulated within one thread / process. Virus protection is off (though I think that was only relevant if you were connecting over a network?). As per Scotsman's post I have implemented the following changes: Journal Mode set to Persist DB files stored in C:\Docs + Settings\ApplicationData via System.Windows.Forms.Application.AppData windows call No inner exception Witnessed on two distinct machines (albeit very similar hardware and software) Have been running Process Monitor - no extraneous processes are attaching themselves to the DB files - the problem is definitely in my code... Does anyone have any idea whats going on here? I know I just dropped a whole mess of code, but I've been trying to figure this out for way too long. My thanks to anyone who makes it to the end of this question! brian UPDATES: Thanks for the suggestions so far! I've implemented many of the suggested changes. I feel that we are getting closer to the answer...however... The code above technically works however it is non-deterministic! It is not guaranteed to do anything aside from spin in neutral forever. In practice it seems to work somewhere between the 1st and 10th iteration. If i batch my commits at a reasonable interval damage will be mitigated but I really do not want to leave things in this state... More suggestions welcome!

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• How to handle failure to release a resource which is contained in a smart pointer?

  - by cj

  How should an error during resource deallocation be handled, when the object representing the resource is contained in a shared pointer? Smart pointers are a useful tool to manage resources safely. Examples of such resources are memory, disk files, database connections, or network connections. // open a connection to the local HTTP port boost::shared_ptr<Socket> socket = Socket::connect("localhost:80"); In a typical scenario, the class encapsulating the resource should be noncopyable and polymorphic. A good way to support this is to provide a factory method returning a shared pointer, and declare all constructors non-public. The shared pointers can now be copied from and assigned to freely. The object is automatically destroyed when no reference to it remains, and the destructor then releases the resource. /** A TCP/IP connection. */ class Socket { public: static boost::shared_ptr<Socket> connect(const std::string& address); virtual ~Socket(); protected: Socket(const std::string& address); private: // not implemented Socket(const Socket&); Socket& operator=(const Socket&); }; But there is a problem with this approach. The destructor must not throw, so a failure to release the resource will remain undetected. A common way out of this problem is to add a public method to release the resource. class Socket { public: virtual void close(); // may throw // ... }; Unfortunately, this approach introduces another problem: Our objects may now contain resources which have already been released. This complicates the implementation of the resource class. Even worse, it makes it possible for clients of the class to use it incorrectly. The following example may seem far-fetched, but it is a common pitfall in multi-threaded code. socket->close(); // ... size_t nread = socket->read(&buffer[0], buffer.size()); // wrong use! Either we ensure that the resource is not released before the object is destroyed, thereby losing any way to deal with a failed resource deallocation. Or we provide a way to release the resource explicitly during the object's lifetime, thereby making it possible to use the resource class incorrectly. There is a way out of this dilemma. But the solution involves using a modified shared pointer class. These modifications are likely to be controversial. Typical shared pointer implementations, such as boost::shared_ptr, require that no exception be thrown when their object's destructor is called. Generally, no destructor should ever throw, so this is a reasonable requirement. These implementations also allow a custom deleter function to be specified, which is called in lieu of the destructor when no reference to the object remains. The no-throw requirement is extended to this custom deleter function. The rationale for this requirement is clear: The shared pointer's destructor must not throw. If the deleter function does not throw, nor will the shared pointer's destructor. However, the same holds for other member functions of the shared pointer which lead to resource deallocation, e.g. reset(): If resource deallocation fails, no exception can be thrown. The solution proposed here is to allow custom deleter functions to throw. This means that the modified shared pointer's destructor must catch exceptions thrown by the deleter function. On the other hand, member functions other than the destructor, e.g. reset(), shall not catch exceptions of the deleter function (and their implementation becomes somewhat more complicated). Here is the original example, using a throwing deleter function: /** A TCP/IP connection. */ class Socket { public: static SharedPtr<Socket> connect(const std::string& address); protected: Socket(const std::string& address); virtual Socket() { } private: struct Deleter; // not implemented Socket(const Socket&); Socket& operator=(const Socket&); }; struct Socket::Deleter { void operator()(Socket* socket) { // Close the connection. If an error occurs, delete the socket // and throw an exception. delete socket; } }; SharedPtr<Socket> Socket::connect(const std::string& address) { return SharedPtr<Socket>(new Socket(address), Deleter()); } We can now use reset() to free the resource explicitly. If there is still a reference to the resource in another thread or another part of the program, calling reset() will only decrement the reference count. If this is the last reference to the resource, the resource is released. If resource deallocation fails, an exception is thrown. SharedPtr<Socket> socket = Socket::connect("localhost:80"); // ... socket.reset();

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