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• Why did my flash drive become "read only" and (how) can I fix it?

  - by Bob

  I have a brand new flash drive (one week old) that has become marked as read only, by Windows, Kubuntu and a bootable partitioner. Why did this happen? Is it fixable? If it is, how can I fix this? The problem Firstly, this drive is new. It's certainly not been used enough to die from normal wear and tear, though I would not discount defective components. The drive itself has somehow become locked in a read only state. Windows' Disk management: Diskpart: Generic Flash Disk USB Device Disk ID: 33FA33FA Type : USB Status : Online Path : 0 Target : 0 LUN ID : 0 Location Path : UNAVAILABLE Current Read-only State : Yes Read-only : No Boot Disk : No Pagefile Disk : No Hibernation File Disk : No Crashdump Disk : No Clustered Disk : No What really confuses me is Current Read-only State : Yes and Read-only : No. Attempted solutions So far, I've tried: Formatting it in Windows (in Disk management, the format options are greyed out when right clicking). DiskPart Clean (CLEAN - Clear the configuration information, or all information, off the disk.): DISKPART> clean DiskPart has encountered an error: The media is write protected. See the System Event Log for more information. There was nothing in the event log. Windows command line format >format G: Insert new disk for drive G: and press ENTER when ready... The type of the file system is FAT32. Verifying 7740M Cannot format. This volume is write protected. Windows chkdsk: see below for details Kubuntu fsck (through VirtualBox USB passthrough): see below for details Acronis True Image to format, to convert to GPT, to destroy and rebuild MBR, basically anything: failed (could not write to MBR) Details (and a nice story) Background This was a brand new, generic, 8GB flash drive I wanted to create a multiboot flash drive with. It came formatted as FAT32, though oddly a little larger than most 8 GIGAbyte flash drives I've come across. Approximately 127MB was listed as "used" by Windows. I never discovered why. The end usable space was about what I normally expect from a 8GB drive (approx 7.4 GIBIbytes). I had thrown quite a few Linux distros on, along with a copy of Hiren's. They would all boot perfectly. They were put on with YUMI. When I tried to put the Knoppix DVD on, YUMI added an odd video option to its boot comman which caused Knoppix to boot with a black screen on X. ttys 1 through 6 still worked as text only interfaces. A few days later, I took some time to take that odd video option off, making the boot command match the one that comes with Knoppix. On the attempt to boot, Knoppix reported some form of LZMA corruption. Leading up to the current issue I was thinking the Knoppix files may have been corrupted somehow, so I tried reloading it. The drive was nearly full (45MB free), so I deleted a generic ISO that also was not booting. That went fine. I then went through YUMI to 'uninstall' Knoppix, i.e. delete files and remove from the menus. The files went first, then the menus were cleared successfully. However, the free space was stuck at about 700MB, same as it was before removing Knoppix. In the old Knoppix folder, there was a 0 byte file named KNOPPIX that could not be deleted. I tried reinserting the drive to delete this file - without safely removing, if that made a difference (hey, first time for everything). Running the standard Windows chkdsk scan without /r or /f reported errors found. Running with /r just got it stuck. I decided to give fsck a shot, so I loaded up my Kubuntu VM and attached the drive to it with VirtualBox's USB 2.0 passthrough. I umounted it (/dev/sda1) and ran a fsck. There are differences between boot sector and its backup. I chose No action. It told me FATs differ and asked me to select either the first or second FAT. Whichever I selected, I got a notice of Free cluster summary wrong. If I chose Correct, it gave a list of incorrect file names. To try to fix something, at least, I ran it with the -p option. Halfway through fixing the files, the VM froze - I ended its process about ten minutes later. Cause? My next attempt was to use YUMI, again, to rebuild the whole drive. I used YUMI's built in reformat (to FAT32) option and installed a Kubuntu ISO (700MB). The format was successful, however, the extract and copy of Kubuntu (which YUMI uses a 7zip binary for) froze at about 60% done. After waiting for about fifteen minutes (longer than the 3.5GB Knoppix ISO took last time), I pulled the drive out. The drive at this point was already formatted, SYSLINUX already installed, just waiting on the unpacking of an ISO and the modifying of the boot menus. Plugging it back in, it came up as normal - however, any write action would fail. Disk management reported it as read only. On reconnect, it would come up as normal but a write operation would cause it to go read only again. After a few attempts, it started coming up as read only on insertion. Attempts to fix This is when I ran through the attempts listed above, to try and reformat it in case of a faulty format. However the inability to do so even on a bootable disk indicated something more serious is wrong. chkdsk now reports nothing is wrong, and fsck still reports MBR inconsistencies, but now always chooses first FAT automatically after telling me FATs differ. It still does the same Free cluster summary wrong afterwards. I cannot run with -p anymore because it is now marked as read only. It also managed to corrupt my VM's disk somehow on the first attempt (yes, I'm sure I chose sda, which is mapped to a 7.4GB drive - I triple checked). Thank god for snapshots? I'm just about out of ideas. To my inexperienced mind it looks like something in the drive's firmware set it to read only "permanently" somehow - is there any way to reset this? I don't particularly care about keeping data, considering I've reformatted it twice. Also, fixes that keep me in Windows are better; it reduces the risk of me accidentally nuking my main hard drive. Update 1: I pulled apart the drive out of curiosity. As you can see, there are no obvious write protect switches. There is an IC on the other side, ALCOR branded labelled AU6989HL, if that matters. If there appears to be no way to fix this, I'll probably pull out the (glued down) card and put it in a card reader to check if it's the card or the controller that died. Update 2: I've pulled the card off, Windows detects the drive as a card reader now. The contacts on the card don't appear to be used, and there are several rows of holes on the card itself. Putting it into the card reader only detects about 30MB total, RAW. It's probably either the reader incorrectly reporting the card as faulty (as if a real SD card's write protect was switched on) or a bad contact somewhere. If nothing else, I have a spare 8GB Micro SD card now... as soon as I figure out how to format it as 8GB.

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• IIS: 404 error on every file in a virtual directory.

  - by Scott Chamberlain

  I am trying to write my first WCF service for IIS 6.0. I followed the instructions on MSDN. I created the virtual directory, I can browse the directory fine but anything I click (even a sub-folder in that folder) gives me a 404 error. What am I missing that I can not access any files or folders? Any logs or whatnot you need just tell me where to find them in the comments and I will post them. UPDATE- Found the log, here is what it says when I connect and try to click on a sub folder. #Software: Microsoft Internet Information Services 6.0 #Version: 1.0 #Date: 2010-03-07 19:08:07 #Fields: date time s-sitename s-ip cs-method cs-uri-stem cs-uri-query s-port cs-username c-ip cs(User-Agent) sc-status sc-substatus sc-win32-status 2010-03-07 19:08:07 W3SVC1 74.62.95.101 GET /prx2.php hash=AA70CBCE8DDD370B4A3E5F6500505C6FBA530220D856 80 - 221.192.199.35 Mozilla/4.0+(compatible;+MSIE+6.0;+Windows+NT+5.0) 404 0 2 #Software: Microsoft Internet Information Services 6.0 #Version: 1.0 #Date: 2010-03-07 22:21:20 #Fields: date time s-sitename s-ip cs-method cs-uri-stem cs-uri-query s-port cs-username c-ip cs(User-Agent) sc-status sc-substatus sc-win32-status 2010-03-07 22:21:20 W3SVC1 127.0.0.1 GET /RemoteUserManagerService/ - 80 - 127.0.0.1 Mozilla/4.0+(compatible;+MSIE+8.0;+Windows+NT+5.2;+WOW64;+Trident/4.0;+.NET+CLR+3.0.04506.30;+.NET+CLR+2.0.50727;+.NET+CLR+3.0.04506.648;+.NET+CLR+3.0.4506.2152;+.NET+CLR+3.5.30729;+.NET4.0C;+.NET4.0E) 401 2 2148074254 2010-03-07 22:21:26 W3SVC1 127.0.0.1 GET /RemoteUserManagerService/ - 80 - 127.0.0.1 Mozilla/4.0+(compatible;+MSIE+8.0;+Windows+NT+5.2;+WOW64;+Trident/4.0;+.NET+CLR+3.0.04506.30;+.NET+CLR+2.0.50727;+.NET+CLR+3.0.04506.648;+.NET+CLR+3.0.4506.2152;+.NET+CLR+3.5.30729;+.NET4.0C;+.NET4.0E) 401 1 0 2010-03-07 22:21:26 W3SVC1 127.0.0.1 GET /RemoteUserManagerService/ - 80 webinfinity\srchamberlain 127.0.0.1 Mozilla/4.0+(compatible;+MSIE+8.0;+Windows+NT+5.2;+WOW64;+Trident/4.0;+.NET+CLR+3.0.04506.30;+.NET+CLR+2.0.50727;+.NET+CLR+3.0.04506.648;+.NET+CLR+3.0.4506.2152;+.NET+CLR+3.5.30729;+.NET4.0C;+.NET4.0E) 200 0 0 2010-03-07 22:21:29 W3SVC1 127.0.0.1 GET /RemoteUserManagerService/bin/ - 80 - 127.0.0.1 Mozilla/4.0+(compatible;+MSIE+8.0;+Windows+NT+5.2;+WOW64;+Trident/4.0;+.NET+CLR+3.0.04506.30;+.NET+CLR+2.0.50727;+.NET+CLR+3.0.04506.648;+.NET+CLR+3.0.4506.2152;+.NET+CLR+3.5.30729;+.NET4.0C;+.NET4.0E) 404 0 2 --Update again I found this here IIS6 Dynamic Content: A 404.2 entry in the W3C Extended Log file is recorded when a Web Extension is not enabled. Use the IIS Microsoft Management Console (MMC) snap-in to enable the appropriate Web extension. Default Web Extensions include: ASP, ASP.net, Server-Side Includes, WebDAV publishing, FrontPage Server Extensions, Common Gateway Interface (CGI). Custom extensions must be added and explicitly enabled. See the IIS 6.0 Help File for more information. I am guessing the 404 0 2 at the end of the log is a 404.2 error. I now know the why, I still don't know the how on how to fix it.

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• IIS: 404 error on every file in a virtual directory.

  - by Scott Chamberlain

  I am trying to write my first WCF service for IIS 6.0. I followed the instructions on MSDN. I created the virtual directory, I can browse the directory fine but anything I click (even a sub-folder in that folder) gives me a 404 error. What am I missing that I can not access any files or folders? Any logs or whatnot you need just tell me where to find them in the comments and I will post them. UPDATE- Found the log, here is what it says when I connect and try to click on a sub folder. #Software: Microsoft Internet Information Services 6.0 #Version: 1.0 #Date: 2010-03-07 19:08:07 #Fields: date time s-sitename s-ip cs-method cs-uri-stem cs-uri-query s-port cs-username c-ip cs(User-Agent) sc-status sc-substatus sc-win32-status 2010-03-07 19:08:07 W3SVC1 74.62.95.101 GET /prx2.php hash=AA70CBCE8DDD370B4A3E5F6500505C6FBA530220D856 80 - 221.192.199.35 Mozilla/4.0+(compatible;+MSIE+6.0;+Windows+NT+5.0) 404 0 2 #Software: Microsoft Internet Information Services 6.0 #Version: 1.0 #Date: 2010-03-07 22:21:20 #Fields: date time s-sitename s-ip cs-method cs-uri-stem cs-uri-query s-port cs-username c-ip cs(User-Agent) sc-status sc-substatus sc-win32-status 2010-03-07 22:21:20 W3SVC1 127.0.0.1 GET /RemoteUserManagerService/ - 80 - 127.0.0.1 Mozilla/4.0+(compatible;+MSIE+8.0;+Windows+NT+5.2;+WOW64;+Trident/4.0;+.NET+CLR+3.0.04506.30;+.NET+CLR+2.0.50727;+.NET+CLR+3.0.04506.648;+.NET+CLR+3.0.4506.2152;+.NET+CLR+3.5.30729;+.NET4.0C;+.NET4.0E) 401 2 2148074254 2010-03-07 22:21:26 W3SVC1 127.0.0.1 GET /RemoteUserManagerService/ - 80 - 127.0.0.1 Mozilla/4.0+(compatible;+MSIE+8.0;+Windows+NT+5.2;+WOW64;+Trident/4.0;+.NET+CLR+3.0.04506.30;+.NET+CLR+2.0.50727;+.NET+CLR+3.0.04506.648;+.NET+CLR+3.0.4506.2152;+.NET+CLR+3.5.30729;+.NET4.0C;+.NET4.0E) 401 1 0 2010-03-07 22:21:26 W3SVC1 127.0.0.1 GET /RemoteUserManagerService/ - 80 webinfinity\srchamberlain 127.0.0.1 Mozilla/4.0+(compatible;+MSIE+8.0;+Windows+NT+5.2;+WOW64;+Trident/4.0;+.NET+CLR+3.0.04506.30;+.NET+CLR+2.0.50727;+.NET+CLR+3.0.04506.648;+.NET+CLR+3.0.4506.2152;+.NET+CLR+3.5.30729;+.NET4.0C;+.NET4.0E) 200 0 0 2010-03-07 22:21:29 W3SVC1 127.0.0.1 GET /RemoteUserManagerService/bin/ - 80 - 127.0.0.1 Mozilla/4.0+(compatible;+MSIE+8.0;+Windows+NT+5.2;+WOW64;+Trident/4.0;+.NET+CLR+3.0.04506.30;+.NET+CLR+2.0.50727;+.NET+CLR+3.0.04506.648;+.NET+CLR+3.0.4506.2152;+.NET+CLR+3.5.30729;+.NET4.0C;+.NET4.0E) 404 0 2

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• Why is there a /etc/init.d/mysql file on this Slackware machine? How could it have gotten there?

  - by jasonspiro

  A client of my IT-consulting service owns a web-development shop. He's been having problems with a Slackware 12.0 server running MySQL 5.0.67. The machine was set up by the client's sysadmin, who left on bad terms. My client no longer employs a sysadmin. As far as I can tell, the only copy of MySQL that's installed is the one described in /var/log/packages/mysql-5.0.67-i486-1: PACKAGE NAME: mysql-5.0.67-i486-1 COMPRESSED PACKAGE SIZE: 16828 K UNCOMPRESSED PACKAGE SIZE: 33840 K PACKAGE LOCATION: /var/slapt-get/archives/./slackware/ap/mysql-5.0.67-i486-1.tgz PACKAGE DESCRIPTION: mysql: mysql (SQL-based relational database server) mysql: mysql: MySQL is a fast, multi-threaded, multi-user, and robust SQL mysql: (Structured Query Language) database server. It comes with a nice API mysql: which makes it easy to integrate into other applications. mysql: mysql: The home page for MySQL is http://www.mysql.com/ mysql: mysql: mysql: mysql: FILE LIST: ./ var/ var/lib/ var/lib/mysql/ var/run/ var/run/mysql/ install/ install/doinst.sh install/slack-desc usr/ usr/include/ usr/include/mysql/ usr/include/mysql/my_alloc.h usr/include/mysql/sql_common.h usr/include/mysql/my_dbug.h usr/include/mysql/errmsg.h usr/include/mysql/my_pthread.h usr/include/mysql/my_list.h usr/include/mysql/mysql.h usr/include/mysql/sslopt-vars.h usr/include/mysql/my_config.h usr/include/mysql/mysql_com.h usr/include/mysql/m_string.h usr/include/mysql/sslopt-case.h usr/include/mysql/my_xml.h usr/include/mysql/sql_state.h usr/include/mysql/my_global.h usr/include/mysql/my_sys.h usr/include/mysql/mysqld_ername.h usr/include/mysql/mysqld_error.h usr/include/mysql/sslopt-longopts.h usr/include/mysql/keycache.h usr/include/mysql/my_net.h usr/include/mysql/mysql_version.h usr/include/mysql/my_no_pthread.h usr/include/mysql/decimal.h usr/include/mysql/readline.h usr/include/mysql/my_attribute.h usr/include/mysql/typelib.h usr/include/mysql/my_dir.h usr/include/mysql/raid.h usr/include/mysql/m_ctype.h usr/include/mysql/mysql_embed.h usr/include/mysql/mysql_time.h usr/include/mysql/my_getopt.h usr/lib/ usr/lib/mysql/ usr/lib/mysql/libmysqlclient_r.so.15.0.0 usr/lib/mysql/libmysqlclient_r.la usr/lib/mysql/libmyisammrg.a usr/lib/mysql/libmystrings.a usr/lib/mysql/libmyisam.a usr/lib/mysql/libmysqlclient.so.15.0.0 usr/lib/mysql/libmysqlclient_r.a usr/lib/mysql/libmysqlclient.a usr/lib/mysql/libheap.a usr/lib/mysql/libvio.a usr/lib/mysql/libmysqlclient.la usr/lib/mysql/libmysys.a usr/lib/mysql/libdbug.a usr/bin/ usr/bin/comp_err usr/bin/my_print_defaults usr/bin/resolve_stack_dump usr/bin/msql2mysql usr/bin/mysqltestmanager-pwgen usr/bin/myisampack usr/bin/replace usr/bin/mysqld_multi usr/bin/mysqlaccess usr/bin/mysql_install_db usr/bin/innochecksum usr/bin/myisam_ftdump usr/bin/mysqlcheck usr/bin/mysqltest usr/bin/mysql_upgrade_shell usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation usr/bin/mysql_fix_extensions usr/bin/mysqld_safe usr/bin/mysql_explain_log usr/bin/mysqlimport usr/bin/myisamlog usr/bin/mysql_tzinfo_to_sql usr/bin/mysql_upgrade usr/bin/mysqltestmanager usr/bin/mysql_fix_privilege_tables usr/bin/mysql_find_rows usr/bin/mysql_convert_table_format usr/bin/mysqltestmanagerc usr/bin/mysqlhotcopy usr/bin/mysqldump usr/bin/mysqlshow usr/bin/mysqlbug usr/bin/mysql_config usr/bin/mysqldumpslow usr/bin/mysql_waitpid usr/bin/mysqlbinlog usr/bin/mysql_client_test usr/bin/perror usr/bin/mysql usr/bin/myisamchk usr/bin/mysql_setpermission usr/bin/mysqladmin usr/bin/mysql_zap usr/bin/mysql_tableinfo usr/bin/resolveip usr/share/ usr/share/mysql/ usr/share/mysql/errmsg.txt usr/share/mysql/swedish/ usr/share/mysql/swedish/errmsg.sys usr/share/mysql/mysql_system_tables_data.sql usr/share/mysql/mysql.server usr/share/mysql/hungarian/ usr/share/mysql/hungarian/errmsg.sys usr/share/mysql/norwegian/ usr/share/mysql/norwegian/errmsg.sys usr/share/mysql/slovak/ usr/share/mysql/slovak/errmsg.sys usr/share/mysql/spanish/ usr/share/mysql/spanish/errmsg.sys usr/share/mysql/polish/ usr/share/mysql/polish/errmsg.sys usr/share/mysql/ukrainian/ usr/share/mysql/ukrainian/errmsg.sys usr/share/mysql/danish/ usr/share/mysql/danish/errmsg.sys usr/share/mysql/romanian/ usr/share/mysql/romanian/errmsg.sys usr/share/mysql/english/ usr/share/mysql/english/errmsg.sys usr/share/mysql/charsets/ usr/share/mysql/charsets/latin2.xml usr/share/mysql/charsets/greek.xml usr/share/mysql/charsets/koi8r.xml usr/share/mysql/charsets/latin1.xml usr/share/mysql/charsets/cp866.xml usr/share/mysql/charsets/geostd8.xml usr/share/mysql/charsets/cp1250.xml usr/share/mysql/charsets/koi8u.xml usr/share/mysql/charsets/cp852.xml usr/share/mysql/charsets/hebrew.xml usr/share/mysql/charsets/latin7.xml usr/share/mysql/charsets/README usr/share/mysql/charsets/ascii.xml usr/share/mysql/charsets/cp1251.xml usr/share/mysql/charsets/macce.xml usr/share/mysql/charsets/latin5.xml usr/share/mysql/charsets/Index.xml usr/share/mysql/charsets/macroman.xml usr/share/mysql/charsets/cp1256.xml usr/share/mysql/charsets/keybcs2.xml usr/share/mysql/charsets/swe7.xml usr/share/mysql/charsets/armscii8.xml usr/share/mysql/charsets/dec8.xml usr/share/mysql/charsets/cp1257.xml usr/share/mysql/charsets/hp8.xml usr/share/mysql/charsets/cp850.xml usr/share/mysql/korean/ usr/share/mysql/korean/errmsg.sys usr/share/mysql/german/ usr/share/mysql/german/errmsg.sys usr/share/mysql/mi_test_all.res usr/share/mysql/greek/ usr/share/mysql/greek/errmsg.sys usr/share/mysql/french/ usr/share/mysql/french/errmsg.sys usr/share/mysql/mysql_fix_privilege_tables.sql usr/share/mysql/dutch/ usr/share/mysql/dutch/errmsg.sys usr/share/mysql/serbian/ usr/share/mysql/serbian/errmsg.sys usr/share/mysql/mysql_system_tables.sql usr/share/mysql/my-huge.cnf usr/share/mysql/portuguese/ usr/share/mysql/portuguese/errmsg.sys usr/share/mysql/japanese/ usr/share/mysql/japanese/errmsg.sys usr/share/mysql/mysql_test_data_timezone.sql usr/share/mysql/russian/ usr/share/mysql/russian/errmsg.sys usr/share/mysql/czech/ usr/share/mysql/czech/errmsg.sys usr/share/mysql/fill_help_tables.sql usr/share/mysql/estonian/ usr/share/mysql/estonian/errmsg.sys usr/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf usr/share/mysql/norwegian-ny/ usr/share/mysql/norwegian-ny/errmsg.sys usr/share/mysql/my-small.cnf usr/share/mysql/mysql-log-rotate usr/share/mysql/italian/ usr/share/mysql/italian/errmsg.sys usr/share/mysql/my-large.cnf usr/share/mysql/ndb-config-2-node.ini usr/share/mysql/binary-configure usr/share/mysql/mi_test_all usr/share/mysql/mysqld_multi.server usr/share/mysql/my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf usr/doc/ usr/doc/mysql-5.0.67/ usr/doc/mysql-5.0.67/README usr/doc/mysql-5.0.67/Docs/ usr/doc/mysql-5.0.67/Docs/INSTALL-BINARY usr/doc/mysql-5.0.67/COPYING usr/info/ usr/info/mysql.info.gz usr/libexec/ usr/libexec/mysqld usr/libexec/mysqlmanager usr/man/ usr/man/man8/ usr/man/man8/mysqlmanager.8.gz usr/man/man8/mysqld.8.gz usr/man/man1/ usr/man/man1/mysql_zap.1.gz usr/man/man1/mysql_setpermission.1.gz usr/man/man1/mysql_tzinfo_to_sql.1.gz usr/man/man1/msql2mysql.1.gz usr/man/man1/mysql_tableinfo.1.gz usr/man/man1/mysql_explain_log.1.gz usr/man/man1/mysqlcheck.1.gz usr/man/man1/comp_err.1.gz usr/man/man1/my_print_defaults.1.gz usr/man/man1/mysqlbinlog.1.gz usr/man/man1/myisam_ftdump.1.gz usr/man/man1/mysql_upgrade.1.gz usr/man/man1/mysql.1.gz usr/man/man1/mysql_client_test.1.gz usr/man/man1/resolve_stack_dump.1.gz usr/man/man1/mysql_fix_extensions.1.gz usr/man/man1/mysqlmanagerc.1.gz usr/man/man1/mysql_config.1.gz usr/man/man1/mysqlshow.1.gz usr/man/man1/myisamlog.1.gz usr/man/man1/replace.1.gz usr/man/man1/mysqlmanager-pwgen.1.gz usr/man/man1/mysqltest.1.gz usr/man/man1/innochecksum.1.gz usr/man/man1/mysqladmin.1.gz usr/man/man1/perror.1.gz usr/man/man1/mysql_waitpid.1.gz usr/man/man1/mysql_convert_table_format.1.gz usr/man/man1/mysqlman.1.gz usr/man/man1/mysqlimport.1.gz usr/man/man1/mysqlbug.1.gz usr/man/man1/mysql_find_rows.1.gz usr/man/man1/myisampack.1.gz usr/man/man1/myisamchk.1.gz usr/man/man1/mysql_fix_privilege_tables.1.gz usr/man/man1/mysql-stress-test.pl.1.gz usr/man/man1/resolveip.1.gz usr/man/man1/make_win_bin_dist.1.gz usr/man/man1/mysqlhotcopy.1.gz usr/man/man1/mysqld_multi.1.gz usr/man/man1/safe_mysqld.1.gz usr/man/man1/mysql_secure_installation.1.gz usr/man/man1/mysql_install_db.1.gz usr/man/man1/mysqldump.1.gz usr/man/man1/mysql-test-run.pl.1.gz usr/man/man1/mysqld_safe.1.gz usr/man/man1/mysqlaccess.1.gz usr/man/man1/mysql.server.1.gz usr/man/man1/make_win_src_distribution.1.gz etc/ etc/rc.d/ etc/rc.d/rc.mysqld.new etc/my-huge.cnf etc/my-medium.cnf etc/my-small.cnf etc/my-large.cnf /etc/rc.d/rc.mysqld is an ordinary Slackware-type start/stop script: #!/bin/sh # Start/stop/restart mysqld. # # Copyright 2003 Patrick J. Volkerding, Concord, CA # Copyright 2003 Slackware Linux, Inc., Concord, CA # # This program comes with NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law. # You may redistribute copies of this program under the terms of the # GNU General Public License. # To start MySQL automatically at boot, be sure this script is executable: # chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/rc.mysqld # Before you can run MySQL, you must have a database. To install an initial # database, do this as root: # # su - mysql # mysql_install_db # # Note that step one is becoming the mysql user. It's important to do this # before making any changes to the database, or mysqld won't be able to write # to it later (this can be fixed with 'chown -R mysql.mysql /var/lib/mysql'). # To allow outside connections to the database comment out the next line. # If you don't need incoming network connections, then leave the line # uncommented to improve system security. #SKIP="--skip-networking" # Start mysqld: mysqld_start() { if [ -x /usr/bin/mysqld_safe ]; then # If there is an old PID file (no mysqld running), clean it up: if [ -r /var/run/mysql/mysql.pid ]; then if ! ps axc | grep mysqld 1> /dev/null 2> /dev/null ; then echo "Cleaning up old /var/run/mysql/mysql.pid." rm -f /var/run/mysql/mysql.pid fi fi /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --pid-file=/var/run/mysql/mysql.pid $SKIP & fi } # Stop mysqld: mysqld_stop() { # If there is no PID file, ignore this request... if [ -r /var/run/mysql/mysql.pid ]; then killall mysqld # Wait at least one minute for it to exit, as we don't know how big the DB is... for second in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 \ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 60 ; do if [ ! -r /var/run/mysql/mysql.pid ]; then break; fi sleep 1 done if [ "$second" = "60" ]; then echo "WARNING: Gave up waiting for mysqld to exit!" sleep 15 fi fi } # Restart mysqld: mysqld_restart() { mysqld_stop mysqld_start } case "$1" in 'start') mysqld_start ;; 'stop') mysqld_stop ;; 'restart') mysqld_restart ;; *) echo "usage $0 start|stop|restart" esac But there's also an unexpected init script on the machine, named /etc/init.d/mysql: #!/bin/sh # Copyright Abandoned 1996 TCX DataKonsult AB & Monty Program KB & Detron HB # This file is public domain and comes with NO WARRANTY of any kind # MySQL daemon start/stop script. # Usually this is put in /etc/init.d (at least on machines SYSV R4 based # systems) and linked to /etc/rc3.d/S99mysql and /etc/rc0.d/K01mysql. # When this is done the mysql server will be started when the machine is # started and shut down when the systems goes down. # Comments to support chkconfig on RedHat Linux # chkconfig: 2345 64 36 # description: A very fast and reliable SQL database engine. # Comments to support LSB init script conventions ### BEGIN INIT INFO # Provides: mysql # Required-Start: $local_fs $network $remote_fs # Should-Start: ypbind nscd ldap ntpd xntpd # Required-Stop: $local_fs $network $remote_fs # Default-Start: 2 3 4 5 # Default-Stop: 0 1 6 # Short-Description: start and stop MySQL # Description: MySQL is a very fast and reliable SQL database engine. ### END INIT INFO # If you install MySQL on some other places than /usr, then you # have to do one of the following things for this script to work: # # - Run this script from within the MySQL installation directory # - Create a /etc/my.cnf file with the following information: # [mysqld] # basedir=<path-to-mysql-installation-directory> # - Add the above to any other configuration file (for example ~/.my.ini) # and copy my_print_defaults to /usr/bin # - Add the path to the mysql-installation-directory to the basedir variable # below. # # If you want to affect other MySQL variables, you should make your changes # in the /etc/my.cnf, ~/.my.cnf or other MySQL configuration files. # If you change base dir, you must also change datadir. These may get # overwritten by settings in the MySQL configuration files. #basedir= #datadir= # Default value, in seconds, afterwhich the script should timeout waiting # for server start. # Value here is overriden by value in my.cnf. # 0 means don't wait at all # Negative numbers mean to wait indefinitely service_startup_timeout=900 # The following variables are only set for letting mysql.server find things. # Set some defaults pid_file=/var/run/mysql/mysql.pid server_pid_file=/var/run/mysql/mysql.pid use_mysqld_safe=1 user=mysql if test -z "$basedir" then basedir=/usr bindir=/usr/bin if test -z "$datadir" then datadir=/var/lib/mysql fi sbindir=/usr/sbin libexecdir=/usr/libexec else bindir="$basedir/bin" if test -z "$datadir" then datadir="$basedir/data" fi sbindir="$basedir/sbin" libexecdir="$basedir/libexec" fi # datadir_set is used to determine if datadir was set (and so should be # *not* set inside of the --basedir= handler.) datadir_set= # # Use LSB init script functions for printing messages, if possible # lsb_functions="/lib/lsb/init-functions" if test -f $lsb_functions ; then . $lsb_functions else log_success_msg() { echo " SUCCESS! $@" } log_failure_msg() { echo " ERROR! $@" } fi PATH=/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin:$basedir/bin export PATH mode=$1 # start or stop shift other_args="$*" # uncommon, but needed when called from an RPM upgrade action # Expected: "--skip-networking --skip-grant-tables" # They are not checked here, intentionally, as it is the resposibility # of the "spec" file author to give correct arguments only. case `echo "testing\c"`,`echo -n testing` in *c*,-n*) echo_n= echo_c= ;; *c*,*) echo_n=-n echo_c= ;; *) echo_n= echo_c='\c' ;; esac parse_server_arguments() { for arg do case "$arg" in --basedir=*) basedir=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'` bindir="$basedir/bin" if test -z "$datadir_set"; then datadir="$basedir/data" fi sbindir="$basedir/sbin" libexecdir="$basedir/libexec" ;; --datadir=*) datadir=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'` datadir_set=1 ;; --user=*) user=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'` ;; --pid-file=*) server_pid_file=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'` ;; --service-startup-timeout=*) service_startup_timeout=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'` ;; --use-mysqld_safe) use_mysqld_safe=1;; --use-manager) use_mysqld_safe=0;; esac done } parse_manager_arguments() { for arg do case "$arg" in --pid-file=*) pid_file=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'` ;; --user=*) user=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'` ;; esac done } wait_for_pid () { verb="$1" manager_pid="$2" # process ID of the program operating on the pid-file i=0 avoid_race_condition="by checking again" while test $i -ne $service_startup_timeout ; do case "$verb" in 'created') # wait for a PID-file to pop into existence. test -s $pid_file && i='' && break ;; 'removed') # wait for this PID-file to disappear test ! -s $pid_file && i='' && break ;; *) echo "wait_for_pid () usage: wait_for_pid created|removed manager_pid" exit 1 ;; esac # if manager isn't running, then pid-file will never be updated if test -n "$manager_pid"; then if kill -0 "$manager_pid" 2>/dev/null; then : # the manager still runs else # The manager may have exited between the last pid-file check and now. if test -n "$avoid_race_condition"; then avoid_race_condition="" continue # Check again. fi # there's nothing that will affect the file. log_failure_msg "Manager of pid-file quit without updating file." return 1 # not waiting any more. fi fi echo $echo_n ".$echo_c" i=`expr $i + 1` sleep 1 done if test -z "$i" ; then log_success_msg return 0 else log_failure_msg return 1 fi } # Get arguments from the my.cnf file, # the only group, which is read from now on is [mysqld] if test -x ./bin/my_print_defaults then print_defaults="./bin/my_print_defaults" elif test -x $bindir/my_print_defaults then print_defaults="$bindir/my_print_defaults" elif test -x $bindir/mysql_print_defaults then print_defaults="$bindir/mysql_print_defaults" else # Try to find basedir in /etc/my.cnf conf=/etc/my.cnf print_defaults= if test -r $conf then subpat='^[^=]*basedir[^=]*=\(.*\)$' dirs=`sed -e "/$subpat/!d" -e 's//\1/' $conf` for d in $dirs do d=`echo $d | sed -e 's/[ ]//g'` if test -x "$d/bin/my_print_defaults" then print_defaults="$d/bin/my_print_defaults" break fi if test -x "$d/bin/mysql_print_defaults" then print_defaults="$d/bin/mysql_print_defaults" break fi done fi # Hope it's in the PATH ... but I doubt it test -z "$print_defaults" && print_defaults="my_print_defaults" fi # # Read defaults file from 'basedir'. If there is no defaults file there # check if it's in the old (depricated) place (datadir) and read it from there # extra_args="" if test -r "$basedir/my.cnf" then extra_args="-e $basedir/my.cnf" else if test -r "$datadir/my.cnf" then extra_args="-e $datadir/my.cnf" fi fi parse_server_arguments `$print_defaults $extra_args mysqld server mysql_server mysql.server` # Look for the pidfile parse_manager_arguments `$print_defaults $extra_args manager` # # Set pid file if not given # if test -z "$pid_file" then pid_file=$datadir/mysqlmanager-`/bin/hostname`.pid else case "$pid_file" in /* ) ;; * ) pid_file="$datadir/$pid_file" ;; esac fi if test -z "$server_pid_file" then server_pid_file=$datadir/`/bin/hostname`.pid else case "$server_pid_file" in /* ) ;; * ) server_pid_file="$datadir/$server_pid_file" ;; esac fi case "$mode" in 'start') # Start daemon # Safeguard (relative paths, core dumps..) cd $basedir manager=$bindir/mysqlmanager if test -x $libexecdir/mysqlmanager then manager=$libexecdir/mysqlmanager elif test -x $sbindir/mysqlmanager then manager=$sbindir/mysqlmanager fi echo $echo_n "Starting MySQL" if test -x $manager -a "$use_mysqld_safe" = "0" then if test -n "$other_args" then log_failure_msg "MySQL manager does not support options '$other_args'" exit 1 fi # Give extra arguments to mysqld with the my.cnf file. This script may # be overwritten at next upgrade. $manager --user=$user --pid-file=$pid_file >/dev/null 2>&1 & wait_for_pid created $!; return_value=$? # Make lock for RedHat / SuSE if test -w /var/lock/subsys then touch /var/lock/subsys/mysqlmanager fi exit $return_value elif test -x $bindir/mysqld_safe then # Give extra arguments to mysqld with the my.cnf file. This script # may be overwritten at next upgrade. pid_file=$server_pid_file $bindir/mysqld_safe --datadir=$datadir --pid-file=$server_pid_file $other_args >/dev/null 2>&1 & wait_for_pid created $!; return_value=$? # Make lock for RedHat / SuSE if test -w /var/lock/subsys then touch /var/lock/subsys/mysql fi exit $return_value else log_failure_msg "Couldn't find MySQL manager ($manager) or server ($bindir/mysqld_safe)" fi ;; 'stop') # Stop daemon. We use a signal here to avoid having to know the # root password. # The RedHat / SuSE lock directory to remove lock_dir=/var/lock/subsys/mysqlmanager # If the manager pid_file doesn't exist, try the server's if test ! -s "$pid_file" then pid_file=$server_pid_file lock_dir=/var/lock/subsys/mysql fi if test -s "$pid_file" then mysqlmanager_pid=`cat $pid_file` echo $echo_n "Shutting down MySQL" kill $mysqlmanager_pid # mysqlmanager should remove the pid_file when it exits, so wait for it. wait_for_pid removed "$mysqlmanager_pid"; return_value=$? # delete lock for RedHat / SuSE if test -f $lock_dir then rm -f $lock_dir fi exit $return_value else log_failure_msg "MySQL manager or server PID file could not be found!" fi ;; 'restart') # Stop the service and regardless of whether it was # running or not, start it again. if $0 stop $other_args; then $0 start $other_args else log_failure_msg "Failed to stop running server, so refusing to try to start." exit 1 fi ;; 'reload'|'force-reload') if test -s "$server_pid_file" ; then read mysqld_pid < $server_pid_file kill -HUP $mysqld_pid && log_success_msg "Reloading service MySQL" touch $server_pid_file else log_failure_msg "MySQL PID file could not be found!" exit 1 fi ;; 'status') # First, check to see if pid file exists if test -s "$server_pid_file" ; then read mysqld_pid < $server_pid_file if kill -0 $mysqld_pid 2>/dev/null ; then log_success_msg "MySQL running ($mysqld_pid)" exit 0 else log_failure_msg "MySQL is not running, but PID file exists" exit 1 fi else # Try to find appropriate mysqld process mysqld_pid=`pidof $sbindir/mysqld` if test -z $mysqld_pid ; then if test "$use_mysqld_safe" = "0" ; then lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/mysqlmanager else lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/mysql fi if test -f $lockfile ; then log_failure_msg "MySQL is not running, but lock exists" exit 2 fi log_failure_msg "MySQL is not running" exit 3 else log_failure_msg "MySQL is running but PID file could not be found" exit 4 fi fi ;; *) # usage echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status} [ MySQL server options ]" exit 1 ;; esac exit 0 An unimportant aside: The previous users of the machine kept a messy home directory. Their home directory was /root. I've pasted a copy at http://www.pastebin.ca/2167496. My question: Why is there a /etc/init.d/mysql file on this Slackware machine? How could it have gotten there? P.S. This question is far from perfect. Please feel free to edit it.

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• Migrate from MySQL to PostgreSQL on Linux (Kubuntu)

  - by Dave Jarvis

  Storyline Trying to migrate a database from MySQL to PostgreSQL. All the documentation I have read covers, in great detail, how to migrate the structure. I have found very little documentation on migrating the data. The schema has 13 tables (which have been migrated successfully) and 9 GB of data. MySQL version: 5.1.x PostgreSQL version: 8.4.x I want to use the R programming language to analyze the data using SQL select statements; PostgreSQL has PL/R, but MySQL has nothing (as far as I can tell). A long time ago in a galaxy far, far away... Create the database location (/var has insufficient space; also dislike having the PostgreSQL version number everywhere -- upgrading would break scripts!): sudo mkdir -p /home/postgres/main sudo cp -Rp /var/lib/postgresql/8.4/main /home/postgres sudo chown -R postgres.postgres /home/postgres sudo chmod -R 700 /home/postgres sudo usermod -d /home/postgres/ postgres All good to here. Next, restart the server and configure the database using these installation instructions: sudo apt-get install postgresql pgadmin3 sudo /etc/init.d/postgresql-8.4 stop sudo vi /etc/postgresql/8.4/main/postgresql.conf Change data_directory to /home/postgres/main sudo /etc/init.d/postgresql-8.4 start sudo -u postgres psql postgres \password postgres sudo -u postgres createdb climate pgadmin3 Use pgadmin3 to configure the database and create a schema. A New Hope The episode began in a remote shell known as bash, with both databases running, and the installation of a command with a most unusual logo: SQL Fairy. perl Makefile.PL sudo make install sudo apt-get install perl-doc (strangely, it is not called perldoc) perldoc SQL::Translator::Manual Extract a PostgreSQL-friendly DDL and all the MySQL data: sqlt -f DBI --dsn dbi:mysql:climate --db-user user --db-password password -t PostgreSQL > climate-pg-ddl.sql mysqldump --skip-add-locks --complete-insert --no-create-db --no-create-info --quick --result-file="climate-my.sql" --databases climate --skip-comments -u root -p The Database Strikes Back Recreate the structure in PostgreSQL as follows: pgadmin3 (switch to it) Click the Execute arbitrary SQL queries icon Open climate-pg-ddl.sql Search for TABLE " replace with TABLE climate." (insert the schema name climate) Search for on " replace with on climate." (insert the schema name climate) Press F5 to execute This results in: Query returned successfully with no result in 122 ms. Replies of the Jedi At this point I am stumped. Where do I go from here (what are the steps) to convert climate-my.sql to climate-pg.sql so that they can be executed against PostgreSQL? How to I make sure the indexes are copied over correctly (to maintain referential integrity; I don't have constraints at the moment to ease the transition)? How do I ensure that adding new rows in PostgreSQL will start enumerating from the index of the last row inserted (and not conflict with an existing primary key from the sequence)? Resources A fair bit of information was needed to get this far: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/PostgreSQL http://articles.sitepoint.com/article/site-mysql-postgresql-1 http://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Converting_from_other_Databases_to_PostgreSQL#MySQL http://pgfoundry.org/frs/shownotes.php?release_id=810 http://sqlfairy.sourceforge.net/ Thank you!

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• XenServer 6.0.2 path to installation media contains non-ascii characters

  - by cmaduro

  XenServer 6.0.2 install fails no matter what I do. I have confirmed that the md5 checksum on my ISO file is good. I tried installing from a mounted ISO file (remotely via iKVM). I tried installing from physical media. I tried installing from a bootable USB stick (using syslinux + contents of the ISO) All attempts have yielded the same result: When verifying the installation media, at 0% initializing, the following is reported: "Some packages appeared to be damaged." followed by a list of pretty much all the gz2 and rpm packages. If I skip the media verification the installer proceeds and then gives me an error when it reaches "Installing from base pack" at 0% which states "An unrecoverable error has occurred. The error was: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xff in position 20710: ordinal not in range(128) Please refer to your user guide, or contact a Technical Support Representative, for further details" there is one option left which is to reboot. Apparently at some point during the processing of the repositories on the installation media non-ascii characters are found, which causes the installer to quit. How do I fix this? Here are my specs TYAN S8236 motherboard 2 AMD Opteron 6234 processors LSI2008 card connected to 2 1TB Seagate Constellation drives SATA, 1 500GB Corsair m4 SSD SATA and 1 Corsair Forse 3 - 64GB SSD SATA Onboard SATA connected to a slim DVD-+RW. Onboard SAS connected to 2 IBM ESX 70GB 10K SAS drives (for XenServer) 256GB memory ================================================================================= Comments: According to pylonsbook.com "chances are you have run into a problem with character sets, encodings, and Unicode" – cmaduro 10 hours ago A clue is provided by "vmware.com/support/vsphere5/doc/…; Data migration fails if the path to the vCenter Server installation media contains non-ASCII characters When this problem occurs, an error message similar to: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xd0 in position 30: ordinal not in range(128) appears, and the installer quits unexpectedly during the data migration process. – cmaduro 10 hours ago This is an error that python throws. And guess what, the .py extention of the file you have to edit in this link community.spiceworks.com/how_to/show/1168 means the installer is written in python. Python is interpreted, so now to find the install file responsible for this error. – cmaduro 6 hours ago The file that generates the error upon verification is /opt/xensource/installer/tui/repo.py. The error message appears around line 359. – cmaduro 2 hours ago I am fairly sure that the install error is generated somewhere in repository.py as the backend.py file throws errors while methods in that file are being called. Perhaps all errors can be traced back to this file. – cmaduro 1 hour ago

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• Real server, Multiple IP Addresses, HyperV Virtual Server, How to partition IPs across real and Virtual NICs

  - by Steven_W

  This is a slightly difficult problem to explain without same basic background information - I'll try and refine the question later as necessary Originally, I have a single hosted server (Win 2008R2) with the following range of 8 IP addresses. - Single NIC - IP: x.x.128.72 -> x.x.128.79 - Subnet: x.x.255.192 - GW: x.x.128.65 After installing Hyper-V and setting up a single virtual server on the same box, I then wanted to assign one of the IP addresses to the virtual server, leaving everything else running normally. -- Firstly, I tried using the "External" network, but (even after setting IPs on the "Virtual Adapter" similar to Here but struggled to get networking running at all. I needed to keep the server running (otherwise I would have spent more time pursuing this approach) Q1 ... Was this a sensible thing to do ? Should I have carried on down this route ? -- I then decided to try different approach - Set the HyperV network to "Internal" (visible to Management OS) - Physical NIC - IP: x.x.128.72 -> x.x.128.75 - Subnet: x.x.255.192 - GW: x.x.128.65 - Virtual NIC - IP: x.x.128.78 - Subnet: x.x.255.252 - GW: x.x.128.72 ... { The same as the IP of the physical NIC ) - Virtual OS-NIC - IP: x.x.128.77 - Subnet: x.x.255.252 - GW: x.x.128.78 ... { The same as the IP of the host virtual-NIC ) -- Surprisingly enough, this approach actually worked, and I was able to connect from all the following: - Internet to/from physical NIC (x.x.128.72) - physical NIC (x.x.128.72) to virtual-OS-NIC (x.x.128.77) e.g. testing via ping + FTP - Internet to/from virtual-OS-NIC (x.x.128.72) -- The problem I have is that this approach seems to only last for a short while (a few hours). After this time, it seems that I lose the ability to connect from Virtual-OS-NIC to/from the internet (but I can still connect from the host-OS to the virtual-OS and from the host-OS to the internet) I have re-tested this a couple of times with the same results ... I leave the server on for a few hours (e.g. overnight), and when I come back in the morning, the Virtual-OS loses the ability to route to the internet -- I'm not quite sure what to look at next (or whether I'm going about this completely the wrong way ) One "possible relevant item" is that the host-OS is also running RRAS (Routing and Remote Access), but this is only to run a simple VPN -- Q2 - Wheat should I be looking at next ? (Any good references / recommendations of what to try) Would appreciate any thoughts or comments (even if you tell me I'm going about this the wrong way)

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• Automating the choice between JPEG and PNG with a script

  - by MHC

  Choosing the right format to save your images in is crucial for preserving image quality and reducing artifacts. Different formats follow different compression methods and come with their own set of advantages and disadvantages. JPG, for instance is suited for real life photographs that are rich in color gradients. The lossless PNG, on the other hand, is far superior when it comes to schematic figures: Picking the right format can be a chore when working with a large number of files. That's why I would love to find a way to automate it. A little bit of background on my particular use case: I am working on a number of handouts for a series of lectures at my unversity. The handouts are rich in figures, which I have to extract from PDF-formatted slides. Extracting these images gives me lossless PNGs, which are needlessly large at times. Converting these particular files to JPEG can reduce their size to up to less than 20% of their original file size, while maintaining the same quality. This is important as working with hundreds of large images in word processors is pretty crash-prone. Batch converting all extracted PNGs to JPEGs is not an option I am willing to follow, as many if not most images are better suited to be formatted as PNGs. Converting these would result in insignificant size reductions and sometimes even increases in filesize - that's at least what my test runs showed. What we can take from this is that file size after compression can serve as an indicator on what format is suited best for a particular image. It's not a particularly accurate predictor, but works well enough. So why not use it in form of a script: I included inotifywait because I would prefer for the script be executed automatically as soon as I drag an extracted image into a folder. This is a simpler version of the script that I've been using for the last couple of weeks: #!/bin/bash inotifywait -m --format "%w%f" --exclude '.jpg' -r -e create -e moved_to --fromfile '/home/MHC/.scripts/Workflow/Conversion/include_inotifywait' | while read file; do mogrify -format jpg -quality 92 "$file" done The advanced version of the script would have to be able to handle spaces in file names and directory names preserve the original file names flatten PNG images if an alpha value is set compare the file size between the temporary converted image and its original determine if the difference is greater than a given precentage act accordingly The actual conversion could be done with imagemagick tools: convert -quality 92 -flatten -background white file.png file.jpg Unfortunately, my bash skills aren't even close to advanced enough to convert the scheme above into an actual script, but I am sure many of you can. My reputation points on here are pretty low, but I will gladly award the most helpful answer with the highest bounty I can set. References: http://www.formortals.com/introducing-cnb-imageguide/, http://www.turnkeylinux.org/blog/png-vs-jpg Edit: Also see my comments below for some more information on why I think this script would be the best solution to the problem I am facing.

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• Install Ubuntu 12.04 in UEFI mode on a HP Pavilion dv6-6c40ca

  - by Marlen T. B.

  I have recently (as of July 2012) bought a HP Pavilion dv6-6c40ca laptop. It came pre-installed with Windows 7 on an MBR. I installed Ubuntu 12.04 on it on a GPT partition in what I think is BIOS emulation mode. I made a BIOS-Grub partition so the install didn't fail. That is what it is for .. right? Now I want to upgrade to UEFI mode. How would I Install Ubuntu 12.04 in UEFI mode on a HP Pavilion dv6-6c40ca. Or is it impossible? My laptop, despite its new age may not be UEFI 2.0+ capable. If it isn't how can I install a software UEFI (i.e. a DUET such as the one by tianocore). Or is this too impossible? A link to my laptop's specs is: http://h10025.www1.hp.com/ewfrf/wc/document?docname=c03137924&tmp_task=prodinfoCategory&cc=ca&dlc=en&lang=en&lc=en&product=5218530 My laptop should have a UEFI given this link from HP http://h10025.www1.hp.com/ewfrf/wc/document?cc=us&lc=en&docname=c01442956#N218. And from the link I draw a quote: That means most notebooks distributed with Windows Vista, and all notebooks distributed with Windows 7, have the UEFI environment. My laptop had Windows 7 Home Premium pre-installed. OK. Following the comments so far -- NOTE: I am trying to do this on an external drive so I can see if it works. I have partitioned the drive using GParted as a GPT drive. Created a 200MB partition at the beginning of the drive with a FAT32 file system. Given the 200MB partition a label of "EFI". Set the boot flag on the 200MB partition. What should a do next to install Ubuntu 12.04? Given the link: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UEFIBooting#Selecting_the_.28U.29EFI_Graphic_Protocol In my first read through (just to see if I will understand everything before I start) I get to step 2.3 Install GRUB2 in (U)EFI systems The first line is Boot into Linux (any live ISO) preferably in UEFI mode. Um .. how do you tell what mode your live CD is in?! And how do you change it if the mode is wrong?

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• APC (PHP Cache) Uptime 0 minutes, not caching

  - by Jussi

  My goal is to implement APC for opcode cache for a drupal 6 production site. I have so far tested APC with several php files with and without including other php files with include_once. Also tried to tweak the apc.ini values for shm_size, apc.include_once_override and apc.stat. Restarted apache every time. Resulting in apc.php not showing any changes in any values. (except of course the changed apc.ini values are shown as they should) Every time i refresh the apc.php test page, the start time resets as the current time showing uptime 0 minutes. apc.php -testpage shows: General Cache InformationAPC Version 3.1.9 PHP Version 5.2.10 APC Host xxxx.xx.xx Server Software Apache/2.2.3 (CentOS) Shared Memory 1 Segment(s) with 128.0 MBytes (mmap memory, pthread mutex Locks locking) Start Time 2011/07/26 11:53:56 Uptime 0 minutes File Upload Support 1 Cached Files 0 ( 0.0 Bytes) Hits 1 Misses 1 Request Rate (hits, misses) 2.00 cache requests/second Hit Rate 1.00 cache requests/second Miss Rate 1.00 cache requests/second Insert Rate 0.00 cache requests/second Cache full count 0 Cached Variables 0 ( 0.0 Bytes) Hits 0 Misses 0 Request Rate (hits, misses) 0.00 cache requests/second Hit Rate 0.00 cache requests/second Miss Rate 0.00 cache requests/second Insert Rate 0.00 cache requests/second Cache full count 0 apc.cache_by_default 1 apc.canonicalize 1 apc.coredump_unmap 0 apc.enable_cli 0 apc.enabled 1 apc.file_md5 0 apc.file_update_protection 2 apc.filters apc.gc_ttl 3600 apc.include_once_override 0 apc.lazy_classes 0 apc.lazy_functions 0 apc.max_file_size 16 apc.mmap_file_mask /tmp/apcphp5.095eRm apc.num_files_hint 1024 apc.preload_path apc.report_autofilter 0 apc.rfc1867 0 apc.rfc1867_freq 0 apc.rfc1867_name APC_UPLOAD_PROGRESS apc.rfc1867_prefix upload_ apc.rfc1867_ttl 3600 apc.serializer default apc.shm_segments 1 apc.shm_size 128M apc.slam_defense 0 apc.stat 0 apc.stat_ctime 0 apc.ttl 7200 apc.use_request_time 1 apc.user_entries_hint 4096 apc.user_ttl 7200 apc.write_lock 1 Host Status Diagrams: Free: 128.0 MBytes (100.0%) Hits: 1 (50.0%) Used: 20.3 KBytes (0.0%) Misses: 1 (50.0%) Detailed Memory Usage and Fragmentation: Fragmentation: 0% phpinfo shows: Server API CGI/FastCGI APC: Version 3.1.9 APC Debugging Enabled MMAP Support Enabled MMAP File Mask /tmp/apcphp5.JkKDk7 Locking type pthread mutex Locks Serialization Support php Revision $Revision: 308812 $ Build Date Jul 21 2011 14:31:12 I followed these steps to find if suexec settings would prevent caching: http://www.litespeedtech.com/support/forum/showthread.php?t=4189 [root@host /]# ps -ef|grep lsphp root 20402 17833 0 11:21 pts/0 00:00:00 grep lsphp [root@host /]# ps -waux root 17833 0.0 0.1 5004 1484 pts/0 S 10:39 0:00 bash ..indicates that there is no lsphp running on the host also I read the following article and comments, concluding that in my case the problem is not the suexec as the user apache is the httpd process owner http://www.brandonturner.net/blog/2009/07/fastcgi_with_php_opcode_cache/ also suexec command is not recognized when logged and launced as root @ host also i'm almost confident that there is no cPanel running on the host to check if a setting there would reset the running cache process at some interval This leaves me with few clues where to head next. I tried to set (with chown and chgrp) apache as the owner of the apc.php file and some test php files resulting in 500 server error. Is there a way to check if the file permissions prevent the apc stay running? I'm tremendously grateful for any suggestions or help.

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• Windows Server 2003 IPSec Tunnel Connected, But Not Working (Possibly NAT/RRAS Related)

  - by Kevinoid

  Configuration I have setup a "raw" IPSec tunnel between a Windows Server 2003 (SBS) machine and a Netgear FVG318 according to the instructions in Microsoft KB816514. The configuration is as follows (using the same conventions as the article): NetA | SBS2003 | FVG318 | NetB 10.0.0.0/24 | 216.x.x.x | 69.y.y.y | 10.0.254.0/24 Both the Main Mode and Quick Mode Security Associations are successfully completed and appear in the IP Security Monitor. I am also able to ping the SBS2003 server on its private address from any computer on NetB. The Problem Any traffic sent from a computer on NetA to NetB, or from SBS2003 to NetB (excluding ICMP Ping responses), is sent out on the public network interface outside the IPSec tunnel (no encryption or header authentication, as if the tunnel were not there). Pings sent from a computer on NetB to a computer on NetA successfully reach computers on NetA, but the responses are silently discarded by SBS2003 (they do not go out in the clear and do not generate any encrypted traffic). Possible Solutions Incorrect Configuration I could have mistyped something, somewhere, or KB816514 could be incorrect in some way. I have tried very hard to eliminate the first option. Have re-created the configuration several times, tried tweaking and adjusting all the settings I could without success (most prevent the SA from being established). NAT/RRAS I have seen multiple posts elsewhere suggesting that this could be due to interaction between NAT and the IPSec filters. Possibly the NetA private addresses get rewritten to 216.x.x.x before being compared with the Quick Mode IPSec filters and don't get tunneled because of the mismatch. In fact, The Cable Guy article from June 2005 "TCP/IP Packet Processing Paths" suggests that this is the case, (see step 2 and 4 of the Transit Traffic path). If this is the case, is there a way to exclude NetA-NetB traffic from NAT? Any thoughts, ideas, suggestions, and/or comments are appreciated. Update (2011-06-26) After failing to solve the problem, I resorted to paid Microsoft support. They were unable to solve the problem. Since then I have implemented a solution based on Linux that is working quite well. I will attempt to evaluate any proposed answers as best I can, but current configurations and time constraints will make this slow...

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• getfacl command and Linux file permissions - getting 403 error when accessing Wordpress

  - by tommytwoeyes

  I'm configuring Wordpress for a friend, and I just screwed up the Wordpress directory permissions (I suspect) using setfacl. Webfaction doesn't allow sudo or allow me to change the directory group ownership using chown. Now it appears that something I did is causing the entire application to give me 403 errors when I try to access it. The current directory listing looks like this (I set the whole thing to 777 temporarily to try to recover access to it): drwxrwsr-x+ 6 myusername myusername 4096 Mar 2 07:07 ./ drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Feb 25 19:48 ../ -rwxrwxr-x+ 1 myusername myusername 286 Mar 2 06:33 gzip.php -rwxrwxr-x+ 1 myusername myusername 4831 Mar 4 20:02 .htaccess -rwxrwxr-x+ 1 myusername myusername 397 Feb 25 19:49 index.php -rw-rw-r--+ 1 myusername myusername 15606 Feb 25 19:49 license.txt -rw-rw-r--+ 1 myusername myusername 9200 Feb 25 19:49 readme.html drwxrwsr-x+ 6 myusername myusername 4096 Feb 25 19:49 .svn/ -rwxrwxr-x+ 1 myusername myusername 4337 Feb 25 19:49 wp-activate.php drwxr-xr-x+ 10 myusername myusername 4096 Mar 4 20:03 wp-admin/ -rwxrwxr-x+ 1 myusername myusername 40283 Feb 25 19:49 wp-app.php -rwxrwxr-x+ 1 myusername myusername 226 Feb 25 19:49 wp-atom.php -rwxrwxr-x+ 1 myusername myusername 274 Feb 25 19:49 wp-blog-header.php -rwxrwxr-x+ 1 myusername myusername 3931 Feb 25 19:49 wp-comments-post.php -rwxrwxr-x+ 1 myusername myusername 244 Feb 25 19:49 wp-commentsrss2.php -rwxrwxr-x+ 1 myusername myusername 3485 Feb 25 20:15 wp-config.php drwxr-xr-x+ 6 myusername myusername 4096 Feb 26 08:52 wp-content/ -rwxrwxr-x+ 1 myusername myusername 1255 Feb 25 19:49 wp-cron.php -rwxrwxr-x+ 1 myusername myusername 246 Feb 25 19:49 wp-feed.php drwxrwxr-x+ 9 myusername myusername 4096 Feb 25 19:49 wp-includes/ -rwxrwxr-x+ 1 myusername myusername 1997 Feb 25 19:49 wp-links-opml.php -rwxrwxr-x+ 1 myusername myusername 2453 Feb 25 19:49 wp-load.php -rwxrwxr-x+ 1 myusername myusername 27787 Feb 25 19:49 wp-login.php -rwxrwxr-x+ 1 myusername myusername 7774 Feb 25 19:49 wp-mail.php -rwxrwxr-x+ 1 myusername myusername 494 Feb 25 19:49 wp-pass.php -rwxrwxr-x+ 1 myusername myusername 224 Feb 25 19:49 wp-rdf.php -rwxrwxr-x+ 1 myusername myusername 334 Feb 25 19:49 wp-register.php -rwxrwxr-x+ 1 myusername myusername 226 Feb 25 19:49 wp-rss2.php -rwxrwxr-x+ 1 myusername myusername 224 Feb 25 19:49 wp-rss.php -rwxrwxr-x+ 1 myusername myusername 9655 Feb 25 19:49 wp-settings.php -rwxrwxr-x+ 1 myusername myusername 18644 Feb 25 19:49 wp-signup.php -rwxrwxr-x+ 1 myusername myusername 3702 Feb 25 19:49 wp-trackback.php -rwxrwxr-x+ 1 myusername myusername 3210 Feb 25 19:49 xmlrpc.php The getfacl output looks like this: # file: . # owner: myusername # group: myusername user::rwx group::r-x group:apache:rw- mask::rwx other::r-x I simply wanted to change the ownership to myusername:apache and the file permissions to 755. I have no idea how to fix the permissions now. Any help would be really appreciated! Thanks, Tom

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• xterm not wrapping text properly

  - by mulllhausen

  I'm configuring both my gnome-terminal and xterm columns (i still haven't picked which of these I will be using) and I have a couple of issues I would like to fix: the typing area seems to be smaller (fewer columns) than the display area the typed text is not wrapping to the next line when it reaches the end - it just continues back around on the same line, overwriting the prompt (i have set a custom bash prompt with PS1 in case this is relevant) $ lsb_release -a No LSB modules are available. Distributor ID: Debian Description: Debian GNU/Linux 7.1 (wheezy) Release: 7.1 Codename: wheezy $ echo $TERM xterm $ stty -a [peter@pc ~] $ stty -a speed 38400 baud; rows 52; columns 126; line = 0; intr = ^C; quit = ^\; erase = ^?; kill = ^U; eof = ^D; eol = M-^?; eol2 = M-^?; swtch = M-^?; start = ^Q; stop = ^S; susp = ^Z; rprnt = ^R; werase = ^W; lnext = ^V; flush = ^O; min = 1; time = 0; -parenb -parodd cs8 hupcl -cstopb cread -clocal -crtscts -ignbrk brkint -ignpar -parmrk -inpck -istrip -inlcr -igncr icrnl ixon -ixoff -iuclc ixany imaxbel iutf8 opost -olcuc -ocrnl onlcr -onocr -onlret -ofill -ofdel nl0 cr0 tab0 bs0 vt0 ff0 isig icanon iexten echo echoe echok -echonl -noflsh -xcase -tostop -echoprt echoctl echoke $[peter@mine ~] $ # the column width only goes up to here ------------------------------------------------> the results are identical in both the xterm and in gnome-terminal 3.4.1.1 and as you can see, the output of the stty -a command goes right up to the edge of the screen, while the typing does not go that far. I have found that I can get the desired result by setting the columns to a very large number, eg: $ stty cols 1800 this fixes both problems. Is it the right way to go about solving this problem? Will this "break" any of the output from programs? So far I have tried top and stty -a and these seem OK. more info as requested in the comments i found that if i cat some input into a file then the columns actually strech the full width of the terminal window: [peter@mine applications] $ cat > /tmp/asd aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaasssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq qqqq does this imply that it is actually bash that is restricting the number of columns and not the terminal? if so then how to alter the number of columns in bash?

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• How can I install things in Linux with *no yum* and *no wget*?

  - by e9t

  I'm a newbie to Linux (that mainly uses Windows and Mac OS X) needing some advice. I was trying to install git on a Linux machine today, and encountered some problems: Not knowing the version of the installed OS, I've opened the /proc/version file which said: Linux version 2.6.9-42.0.2.ELsmp ([email protected]) (gcc version 3.4.6 20060404 (Red Hat 3.4.6-3)) #1 SMP Thu Aug 17 17:57:31 EDT 2006 Then, as written in the git documents (http://git-scm.com/download/linux), I assumed I could use the yum install git command for Fedora, but got the following result. [root@myserver ~]# yum install git -bash: yum: command not found So I tried installing yum using wget, but wasn't so lucky. [root@myserver ~]# wget http://linux.duke.edu/projects/yum/download/2.0/yum-2.0.7.tar.gz -bash: wget: command not found I googled and found this page and this page, so tried installing yum with rpm, but only got a result full of question marks. (Possibly an encoding problem, hmm...) [root@myserver ~]# rpm -Uvh http://www.eomy.net/linux/install-yum-x86_64/wget-1.10.2-0.40E.x86_64.rpm http://www.eomy.net/linux/install-yum-x86_64/wget-1.10.2-0.40E.x86_64.rpm(??)?? ?????? ?: /var/tmp/rpm-xfer.TbuAOu: V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 443e1821 ???.. ########################################### [100%] wget-1.10.2-0.40E U???????g??????? wget-1.10.2-0.40E???? ??g??/usr/bin/wget ?? wget-1.10.2-0.40E U?????? ???? wget-1.10.2-0.40E???? ??g??/usr/share/man/man1/wget.1.gz ?? wget-1.10.2-0.40E U?????? ???? [root@myserver ~]# Finally, when I typed rpm --version in the terminal, I got the below results. [root@myserver ~]# rpm --version RPM ???? - 4.3.3 I would like to know what I can do or possibly try now. Is it not possible to wget or yum anything in my situation? Or is there any magical tool like homebrew (http://mxcl.github.com/homebrew/) that I can use? Any comments or advice would be appreciated. Thanks in advance!

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• Apache Simple Configuration Issue: Setting up per-user directory permission denied problem

  - by Huckphin

  Hello. I am just getting Apache 2.2 running on Fedora 13 Beta 64-bit. I am running into issues setting my per-user directory. The goal is to make localhost/~user map to /home/~user/public_html. I think that I have the permissions right because I have 755 to /home/~user, and I have 755 to /home/~user/public_html/ and I have 777 for all contents inside of /home/~user/public_html/ recursively set. My mod_userdir configuration looks like this: <IfModule mod_userdir.c> # # UserDir is disabled by default since it can confirm the presence # of a username on the system (depending on home directory # permissions). # UserDir disabled root UserDir enabled huckphin # # To enable requests to /~user/ to serve the user's public_html # directory, remove the "UserDir disabled" line above, and uncomment # the following line instead: # UserDir public_html The error that I am seeing in the error log is this: [Sat May 15 09:54:29 2010] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] (13)Permission denied: access to /~huckphin/index.html denied When I login as the apache user, I know that /~huckphin does not exist, and this is not what I want. I want it to be accessing ~huckphin, not /~huckphin. What do I need to change on my configuration for this to work? [Added after comments] Hi Andol, thank you for your suggestions. So, first off, you said that you assume that I have the userdir module enabled, but I am not sure what that means exactly. That could be part of the problem. I do have the Module loaded, using the LoadModule directive. I have this: LoadModule userdir_module modules/mod_userdir.so I also did a find on where mod_userdir is, and I found it located here: [huckphin@crhyner-workbox]/% find / . -name '*mod_userdir.so*' 2> /dev/null /usr/lib64/lighttpd/mod_userdir.so /usr/lib64/httpd/modules/mod_userdir.so Is there something else I need to enable? Also, my directory configuration was mentioned. I have uncommented the default configuration given. I have not looked into what all of the configurations mean, and this could probably explain the issue. Here is the Directory that I have for the user directories: <Directory "/home/*/public_html"> AllowOverride FileInfo AuthConfig Limit Options MultiViews Indexes SymLinksIfOwnerMatch IncludesNoExec <Limit GET POST OPTIONS> Order allow,deny Allow from all </Limit> <LimitExcept GET POST OPTIONS> Order deny,allow Deny from all </LimitExcept> </Directory>

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• Block Google requests to 16k using pf firewall

  - by atmosx

  I'd like to block access to Google search using PF after the threshold of 17500 requests (connection established) in 24h, from a host running FreeBSD 9. What I came up with, after reading pf-faq is this rule: pass out on $net proto tcp from any to 'www.google.com' port www flags S/SA keep state (max-src-conn 200, max-src-conn-rate 17500/86400) NOTE: 86400 are 24h in seconds. The rule should work, but PF is smart enough to know that www.google.com resolves in 5 different IPs. So my pfctl -sr output gives me this: pass out on vte0 inet proto tcp from any to 173.194.44.81 port = http flags S/SA keep state (source-track rule, max-src-conn 200, max-src-conn-rate 17500/86400, src.track 86400) pass out on vte0 inet proto tcp from any to 173.194.44.82 port = http flags S/SA keep state (source-track rule, max-src-conn 200, max-src-conn-rate 17500/86400, src.track 86400) pass out on vte0 inet proto tcp from any to 173.194.44.83 port = http flags S/SA keep state (source-track rule, max-src-conn 200, max-src-conn-rate 17500/86400, src.track 86400) pass out on vte0 inet proto tcp from any to 173.194.44.80 port = http flags S/SA keep state (source-track rule, max-src-conn 200, max-src-conn-rate 17500/86400, src.track 86400) pass out on vte0 inet proto tcp from any to 173.194.44.84 port = http flags S/SA keep state (source-track rule, max-src-conn 200, max-src-conn-rate 17500/86400, src.track 86400) PF creates 5 different rules, 1 for each IP that Google resolves. However I have the sense - without being 100% sure, I didn't had the chance to test it - that the number 17500/86400 applies for each IP. If that's the case - please confirm - then it's not what I want. In pf-faq there's another option called source-track-global: source-track This option enables the tracking of number of states created per source IP address. This option has two formats: + source-track rule - The maximum number of states created by this rule is limited by the rule's max-src-nodes and max-src-states options. Only state entries created by this particular rule count toward the rule's limits. + source-track global - The number of states created by all rules that use this option is limited. Each rule can specify different max-src-nodes and max-src-states options, however state entries created by any participating rule count towards each individual rule's limits. The total number of source IP addresses tracked globally can be controlled via the src-nodes runtime option. I tried to apply source-track-global in the above rule without success. How can I use this option in order to achieve my goal? Any thoughts or comments are more than welcome since I'm an amateur and don't fully understand PF yet. Thanks

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• How to grow to be global sysadmin of an organization?

  - by user64729

  Bit of a non-technical question but I have seen questions of the career development type on here before so hopefully it is fine. I work for a fast growing but still small organization (~65 employees). I have been their external sysadmin for a while now, looking after hosted Linux servers and infrastructure. In the past 12 months I have been transforming into the internal sysadmin for our office too. I'm currently studying Cisco CCNA to cover the demands of being an internal sysadmin and looking after the office LAN, routers, switches and VPNs. Now they want me to look after the global sysadmin function of the organization as a whole. The organization has 3 offices in total, 2 in the UK and 1 in the US. I work in one of the UK offices. The other offices are primarily Windows desktops with AD domain shops. My office is primarily a Linux shop with a file-server and NFS/NIS (no AD domain for the Windows desktops yet but it's in the works). Each other office has a sysadmin which in theory I am supposed to supervise but in reality each is independent. I have a very competent junior sysadmin working with me who shares the day-to-day tasks and does some of the longer term projects with my supervision. My boss has asked me how to grow from being the external sysadmin to the global sysadmin. I am to ponder this and then report back to him on how to achieve this. My current thoughts are: Management training or professional development - eg. reading books such as "Influencer" and "7 Habits". Also I feel I should take steps to improving communication skills since a senior person is expected to talk and speak out more often. Learn more about Windows and Active Directory - I'm an LPI-certified guy and have a lot of experience in Linux (Ubuntu or desktop, Debian/Ubuntu as server). Since the other offices are mainly Windows-domains it makes sense to skill-up in that area so I can understand what the other admins are talking about. Talk to previous colleagues who have are are in this role already - to try and get the benefit of their experience. Produce an "IT Roadmap" or similar that maps out where we want the organization to be and when, plotted out over the next couple of years with regards to internal and external infrastructure. I have produced a "Security roadmap" already which does cover some of these things. I guess this can summed up as "thinking more strategically"? I'd appreciate comments from anyone who has been through a similar situation, thanks.

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• Forward all traffic through an ssh tunnel

  - by Eamorr

  I hope someone can follow this and I'll explain as best I can. I'm trying to forward all traffic from port 6999 on x.x.x.224, through an ssh tunnel, and onto port 7000 on x.x.x.218. Here is some ASCII art: |browser|-----|Squid on x.x.x.224|------|ssh tunnel|------<satellite link>-----|Squid on x.x.x.218|-----|www| 3128 6999 7000 80 When I remove the ssh tunnel, everything works fine. The idea is to turn off encryption on the ssh tunnel (to save bandwidth) and turn on maximum compression (to save more bandwidth). This is because it's a satellite link. Here's the ssh tunnel I've been using: ssh -C -f -C -o CompressionLevel=9 -o Cipher=none [email protected] -L 7000:172.16.1.224:6999 -N The trouble is, I don't know how to get data from Squid on x.x.x.224 into the ssh tunnel? Am I going about this the wrong way? Should I create an ssh tunnel on x.x.x.218? I use iptables to stop squid on x.x.x.224 from reading port 80, but to feed from port 6999 instead (i.e. via the ssh tunnel). Do I need another iptables rule? Any comments greatly appreciated. Many thanks in advance, Regarding Eduardo Ivanec's question, here is a netstat -i any port 7000 -nn dump from x.x.x.218: 14:42:15.386462 IP 172.16.1.224.40006 > 172.16.1.218.7000: Flags [S], seq 2804513708, win 14600, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 86702647 ecr 0,nop,wscale 4], length 0 14:42:15.386690 IP 172.16.1.218.7000 > 172.16.1.224.40006: Flags [R.], seq 0, ack 2804513709, win 0, length 0 Update 2: When I run the second command, I get the following error in my browser: ERROR The requested URL could not be retrieved The following error was encountered while trying to retrieve the URL: http://109.123.109.205/index.php Zero Sized Reply Squid did not receive any data for this request. Your cache administrator is webmaster. Generated Fri, 01 Jul 2011 16:06:06 GMT by remote-site (squid/2.7.STABLE9) remote-site is 172.16.1.224 When I do a tcpdump -i any port 7000 -nn I get the following: root@remote-site:~# tcpdump -i any port 7000 -nn tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on any, link-type LINUX_SLL (Linux cooked), capture size 65535 bytes channel 2: open failed: connect failed: Connection refused channel 2: open failed: connect failed: Connection refused channel 2: open failed: connect failed: Connection refused channel 2: open failed: connect failed: Connection refused channel 2: open failed: connect failed: Connection refused channel 2: open failed: connect failed: Connection refused channel 2: open failed: connect failed: Connection refused channel 2: open failed: connect failed: Connection refused channel 2: open failed: connect failed: Connection refused channel 2: open failed: connect failed: Connection refused channel 2: open failed: connect failed: Connection refused

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• Deleting windows.edb and unchecking Indexing service lead to hard drive file records swapping

  - by linni

  I followed the instructions listed here:http://www.mydigitallife.info/2007/09/18/turn-off-and-disable-search-indexing-service-in-windows-xp/ to free up space on hard drive by deleting the windows.edb indexing file... I also stopped windows search service as mentioned in the comments following the article. In addition to unchecking the "Allow Indexing Service to index this disk for fast file searching" check box on the properties dialog for the C:\ drive, I did the same for two usb connected hard drives (J:\ and I:\ ). I'm not sure why I did that, thought it might shrink the windows.edb file so I wouldn't have to delete it (which sounded a bit risky in my ears at the time). The file of course didn't shrink so I ended up deleting it and freeing up over 3 GB of space, yeehaw. However, as soon as I had done this I could not access the usb connected hard drives anymore. The error I got was "I:\photos is not accessible" "The file or directory is corrupted and unreadable" when I tried to open the photos directory on I:\ Here is where I enter the twilight zone... I try disconnecting I:\ usb hard drive. But XP shows me that instead J:\ drive has disconnected and I:\ is still there. So I disconnect both drives and restart the computer. I then connect one drive, but it lists up the contents of the other drive on root level. I tried connecting the drives vice versa and the same thing happens. I try taking one of the hard drives to another computer and when I connect it there it lists up not its own contents but the contents of the other hard drive and gives the same error as above when I try and access any of the folders (even folders on the root that have the same name as folders on the other drive (e.g. J:\photos and I:\photos)??? And no, this is not a me mixing up my drive letters. Computer Manager - Disk management shows the same result as explorer: The drive size is correct (one is 500GB, the other is 640GB) but the drive name is of the opposite drive, as long as the contents. Also, one drive was full of data and the other almost empty but they incorrectly show their free space status of the other drive. Somehow the usb drives seem to have switched file tables, file records, boot records or something, extremely weird! Even weirder, if I try and create a text file or folder on this drive, it works fine, accessing them, saving, whatever, all good, but accessing any other data on the drive gives me an error. Does anyone have a clue what is going on and more importantly, how I can restore the correct folder listings to access my family photos ??? cheers, linni

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• Is dual-booting an OS more or less secure than running a virtual machine?

  - by Mark

  I run two operating systems on two separate disk partitions on the same physical machine (a modern MacBook Pro). In order to isolate them from each other, I've taken the following steps: Configured /etc/fstab with ro,noauto (read-only, no auto-mount) Fully encrypted each partition with a separate encryption key (committed to memory) Let's assume that a virus infects my first partition unbeknownst to me. I log out of the first partition (which encrypts the volume), and then turn off the machine to clear the RAM. I then un-encrypt and boot into the second partition. Can I be reasonably confident that the virus has not / cannot infect both partitions, or am I playing with fire here? I realize that MBPs don't ship with a TPM, so a boot-loader infection going unnoticed is still a theoretical possibility. However, this risk seems about equal to the risk of the VMWare/VirtualBox Hypervisor being exploited when running a guest OS, especially since the MBP line uses UEFI instead of BIOS. This leads to my question: is the dual-partitioning approach outlined above more or less secure than using a Virtual Machine for isolation of services? Would that change if my computer had a TPM installed? Background: Note that I am of course taking all the usual additional precautions, such as checking for OS software updates daily, not logging in as an Admin user unless absolutely necessary, running real-time antivirus programs on both partitions, running a host-based firewall, monitoring outgoing network connections, etc. My question is really a public check to see if I'm overlooking anything here and try to figure out if my dual-boot scheme actually is more secure than the Virtual Machine route. Most importantly, I'm just looking to learn more about security issues. EDIT #1: As pointed out in the comments, the scenario is a bit on the paranoid side for my particular use-case. But think about people who may be in corporate or government settings and are considering using a Virtual Machine to run services or applications that are considered "high risk". Are they better off using a VM or a dual-boot scenario as I outlined? An answer that effectively weighs any pros/cons to that trade-off is what I'm really looking for in an answer to this post. EDIT #2: This question was partially fueled by debate about whether a Virtual Machine actually protects a host OS at all. Personally, I think it does, but consider this quote from Theo de Raadt on the OpenBSD mailing list: x86 virtualization is about basically placing another nearly full kernel, full of new bugs, on top of a nasty x86 architecture which barely has correct page protection. Then running your operating system on the other side of this brand new pile of shit. You are absolutely deluded, if not stupid, if you think that a worldwide collection of software engineers who can't write operating systems or applications without security holes, can then turn around and suddenly write virtualization layers without security holes. -http://kerneltrap.org/OpenBSD/Virtualization_Security By quoting Theo's argument, I'm not endorsing it. I'm simply pointing out that there are multiple perspectives here, so I'm trying to find out more about the issue.

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• Deleting windows.edb and unchecking Indexing service lead to hard drive file records swapping

  - by linni

  I followed the instructions listed here:http://www.mydigitallife.info/2007/09/18/turn-off-and-disable-search-indexing-service-in-windows-xp/ to free up space on hard drive by deleting the windows.edb indexing file... I also stopped windows search service as mentioned in the comments following the article. In addition to unchecking the "Allow Indexing Service to index this disk for fast file searching" check box on the properties dialog for the C:\ drive, I did the same for two usb connected hard drives (J:\ and I:\ ). I'm not sure why I did that, thought it might shrink the windows.edb file so I wouldn't have to delete it (which sounded a bit risky in my ears at the time). The file of course didn't shrink so I ended up deleting it and freeing up over 3 GB of space, yeehaw. However, as soon as I had done this I could not access the usb connected hard drives anymore. The error I got was "I:\photos is not accessible" "The file or directory is corrupted and unreadable" when I tried to open the photos directory on I:\ Here is where I enter the twilight zone... I try disconnecting I:\ usb hard drive. But XP shows me that instead J:\ drive has disconnected and I:\ is still there. So I disconnect both drives and restart the computer. I then connect one drive, but it lists up the contents of the other drive on root level. I tried connecting the drives vice versa and the same thing happens. I try taking one of the hard drives to another computer and when I connect it there it lists up not its own contents but the contents of the other hard drive and gives the same error as above when I try and access any of the folders (even folders on the root that have the same name as folders on the other drive (e.g. J:\photos and I:\photos)??? And no, this is not a me mixing up my drive letters. Computer Manager - Disk management shows the same result as explorer: The drive size is correct (one is 500GB, the other is 640GB) but the drive name is of the opposite drive, as long as the contents. Also, one drive was full of data and the other almost empty but they incorrectly show their free space status of the other drive. Somehow the usb drives seem to have switched file tables, file records, boot records or something, extremely weird! Even weirder, if I try and create a text file or folder on this drive, it works fine, accessing them, saving, whatever, all good, but accessing any other data on the drive gives me an error. Does anyone have a clue what is going on and more importantly, how I can restore the correct folder listings to access my family photos ??? cheers, linni

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• Easiest way to replace preinstalled Windows 8 with new hard drive with Windows 7

  - by Andrew

  There are all kinds of questions and answers relevant moving Windows 8 to a new hard drive. I'm not seeing anything quite applicable to my situation. I have a new, unopened, unbooted notebook with pre-installed Windows 8. I will be replacing the hard drive before ever booting, unless that is not possible for some reason. I want to "downgrade" to Windows 7 Pro, and I want a clean installation. To do so legitimately, I apparently either need to: Upgrade Windows 8 to Windows 8 Pro using Windows 8 Pro Pack, then downgrade; or Just install a newly-licensed copy of Windows 7 Pro. (Let me know if I've missed an option.) Installation media is likely not a problem, though if I need something vendor-specific that I cannot otherwise download, that could present an issue (Asus notebook, if that matters). If I could, I would just buy the Pro Pack upgrade, swap the hard drive (without ever booting), then install Windows 7 Pro directly on the new hard drive, using the Pro Pack key for activation. Will this work? Are there any activation issues? Edited to clarify, as some comments and answers indicate confusion: Here is, ideally, what I want to do: Before ever powering on the notebook, remove the current hard drive. Replace this hard drive with a new, blank hard drive. Install a clean copy of Windows 7 Pro on this new, blank hard drive. Unless I have no choice to accomplish the end result (a clean install of Win7 Pro on the newly-installed, previously-blank hard drive), I am not wanting to: Install Windows 7 "over" the current Windows 8 install (after upgrading to Win8 Pro). That would involve using the currenly-installed hard drive. I want to use a new, different hard drive. Copy the Win8 install to the new hard drive, then install Windows 7 "over" that installation. Install Windows 7 "over" the current Windows 8 install (after upgrading to Win8 Pro), then copy the installation to the new hard drive. If I have to use one of those three options, I will, but only if there is no other choice. Please note that this question is not about licensing: I will purchase the necessary license(s) to accomplish this procedure legally (apparently either Win8 Pro Pack or Win7 Pro -- the former currently appears less expensive).

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• Unable to add IPv6 address to sendmail access list

  - by David M. Syzdek

  I am running Sendmail 8.14.4 on Slackware 13.37. I have the following in my /etc/mail/access file and it works without any errors: Connect:127 OK Connect:10.0.1 RELAY # Net: office Connect:50.116.6.8 RELAY # Host: glider Connect:96.126.127.87 RELAY # Host: kite The above configuration also allows me to send an e-mail via IPv6 to a local user on the mail server. However, it does not allow my office to relay via IPv6. I have tried two ways of adding IPv6 networks to my access file. Method 1: Connect:127 OK Connect:10.0.1 RELAY # Net: office Connect:IPv6:2001:470:b:84a RELAY # Net: office Connect:50.116.6.8 RELAY # Host: glider Connect:96.126.127.87 RELAY # Host: kite Method 2: Connect:127 OK Connect:10.0.1 RELAY # Net: office Connect:[IPv6:2001:470:b:84a] RELAY # Net: office Connect:50.116.6.8 RELAY # Host: glider Connect:96.126.127.87 RELAY # Host: kite However whenever I try using either method 1 or 2, I am unable to relay e-mail messages through the host. /var/log/maillog entry: May 31 11:57:15 freshsalmon sm-mta[25500]: ruleset=check_relay, arg1=[IPv6:2001:470:b:84a:223:6cff:fe80:35dc], arg2=IPv6:2001:470:b:84a:223:6cff:fe80:35dc, relay=[IPv6:2001:470:b:84a:223:6cff:fe80:35dc], reject=553 5.3.0 RELAY # Net:office Test session from telnet: syzdek@blackenhawk$ telnet -6 freshsalmon.office.example.com 25 Trying 2001:470:b:84a::69... Connected to freshsalmon.office.bindlebinaries.com. Escape character is '^]'. 220 office.example.com ESMTP Sendmail 8.14.4/8.14.4; Thu, 31 May 2012 11:57:15 -0800 HELO blackenhawk.office.example.com 250 office.example.com Hello [IPv6:2001:470:b:84a:223:6cff:fe80:35dc], pleased to meet you MAIL FROM:[email protected] 553 5.3.0 RELAY # Net:office What is the correct way to add an IPv6 address/network to the access file in sendmail? Update: Apparently my access file was not working regardless. Removing the comments at the end of the line seems to have fixed the problem. Here is the lines which worked: Connect:127 OK Connect:IPv6:::1 OK # Net: office Connect:10.0.1 RELAY Connect:IPv6:2001:470:b:84a RELAY # Host: glider Connect:50.116.6.8 RELAY Connect:IPv6:2600:3c01::f03c:91ff:fedf:381a RELAY # Host: kite Connect:96.126.127.87 RELAY Connect:IPv6:2600:3c00::f03c:91ff:fedf:52a4 RELAY

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• Wiimote accelerometer input on Windows? (in 2013 - Glovepie alternative?)

  - by user568458

  There were a few options for getting accelerometer input into Windows using a Nintendo Wiimote. As of mid 2013, these projects seem to be dead, corrupted with malware, or both. Are there any tools out there that can do this that are still available (and not full of malware)? Quick roundup of the options that used to exist, or that still exist but aren't suitable: Glovepie, which used to be the most recommended option, appears to be dead: it's own website hacked, its creator's googlepages page full of strange stuff that sounds like hacker-humour about the end of the world... (I'd rather not link to them, very dubious stuff...), and lots of forum threads asking if it's a dead project with comments along the lines of "I heard that the author intends to return to it" dated 2011... Wiiuse seems to be dead: its sourceforge page simply says "Error.", its own website has turned into a squatter page. There apparently was an extension for Autohotkey that allowed Wiimote input, but I've seen warnings that this too is now full of malware (see final commentin above link) Everything else I can find about using Wiimotes as input on Windows - for example, Johnny Lee Cheng's work - seems to be exclusively about using infrared or sensor bar, or tied to a specific purpose (e.g. FPS gaming). My main interest is in the accelerometer, and buttons if possible (although something that supports the IR stuff too would be ideal). Is there anything that works for getting Wiimote accelerometer input into Windows that is reliable and not a malware-fest? If anyone's interested in "Why?", it's to use the Wiimote as an audio / midi controller: to use movement, pitch, roll etc to modulate lots of different sound variables at once with one hand. Wiimotes are great for this, and Glovepie used to be the standard way to make this work (e.g. see for example this tutorial, and this one, ignore the unrelated video; I've also seen musicians using wiimote/glovepie setups at gigs, creating some really unique sounds). As of 2013, however, Glovepie seems to be a dead and thoroughly hacked project, sadly. Is there anything else? With or without MotionPlus is fine (with would be better). If anyone knows of any worthy alternatives to Wiimotes in terms of price and quality that can be made to work with a PC, that would also be great: but in my research I coulnd't find any (here's a link to someone reaching the same conclusion). found some potentially relevant stuff here, not had time to test any of it yet though - http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2984450/using-accelerometer-in-wiimote-for-physics-practicals

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• mounting ext4 fs with block size of 65536

  - by seaquest

  I am doing some benchmarking on EXT4 performance on Compact Flash media. I have created an ext4 fs with block size of 65536. however I can not mount it on ubuntu-10.10-netbook-i386. (it is already mounting ext4 fs with 4096 bytes of block sizes) According to my readings on ext4 it should allow such big block sized fs. I want to hear your comments. root@ubuntu:~# mkfs.ext4 -b 65536 /dev/sda3 Warning: blocksize 65536 not usable on most systems. mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) mkfs.ext4: 65536-byte blocks too big for system (max 4096) Proceed anyway? (y,n) y Warning: 65536-byte blocks too big for system (max 4096), forced to continue Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=65536 (log=6) Fragment size=65536 (log=6) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 19968 inodes, 19830 blocks 991 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 1 block group 65528 blocks per group, 65528 fragments per group 19968 inodes per group Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (1024 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 37 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. root@ubuntu:~# tune2fs -l /dev/sda3 tune2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Filesystem volume name: <none> Last mounted on: <not available> Filesystem UUID: 4cf3f507-e7b4-463c-be11-5b408097099b Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53 Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic) Filesystem features: has_journal ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype extent flex_bg sparse_super large_file huge_file uninit_bg dir_nlink extra_isize Filesystem flags: signed_directory_hash Default mount options: (none) Filesystem state: clean Errors behavior: Continue Filesystem OS type: Linux Inode count: 19968 Block count: 19830 Reserved block count: 991 Free blocks: 18720 Free inodes: 19957 First block: 0 Block size: 65536 Fragment size: 65536 Blocks per group: 65528 Fragments per group: 65528 Inodes per group: 19968 Inode blocks per group: 78 Flex block group size: 16 Filesystem created: Sat Feb 5 14:39:55 2011 Last mount time: n/a Last write time: Sat Feb 5 14:40:02 2011 Mount count: 0 Maximum mount count: 37 Last checked: Sat Feb 5 14:39:55 2011 Check interval: 15552000 (6 months) Next check after: Thu Aug 4 14:39:55 2011 Lifetime writes: 70 MB Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root) Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root) First inode: 11 Inode size: 256 Required extra isize: 28 Desired extra isize: 28 Journal inode: 8 Default directory hash: half_md4 Directory Hash Seed: afb5b570-9d47-4786-bad2-4aacb3b73516 Journal backup: inode blocks root@ubuntu:~# mount -t ext4 /dev/sda3 /mnt/ mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sda3, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so

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