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  • how to write a function to output unconstant loop with PHP

    - by tunpishuang
    here is the function description test($argv) $argv is an array , for example $argv=array($from1,$to1,$from2,$to2.....); array items must be even. $argv=array(1,2,4,5) : this will output values like below: 1_4 1_5 2_4 2_5 the number of arrray $argv's is not constant. maybe 3 or 4 levels of loop will be outputed. i know this will used RECURSIVE , but i don't know exatly how to code.

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  • Why do I get rows of zeros in my 2D fft?

    - by Nicholas Pringle
    I am trying to replicate the results from a paper. "Two-dimensional Fourier Transform (2D-FT) in space and time along sections of constant latitude (east-west) and longitude (north-south) were used to characterize the spectrum of the simulated flux variability south of 40degS." - Lenton et al(2006) The figures published show "the log of the variance of the 2D-FT". I have tried to create an array consisting of the seasonal cycle of similar data as well as the noise. I have defined the noise as the original array minus the signal array. Here is the code that I used to plot the 2D-FT of the signal array averaged in latitude: import numpy as np from numpy import ma from matplotlib import pyplot as plt from Scientific.IO.NetCDF import NetCDFFile ### input directory indir = '/home/nicholas/data/' ### get the flux data which is in ### [time(5day ave for 10 years),latitude,longitude] nc = NetCDFFile(indir + 'CFLX_2000_2009.nc','r') cflux_southern_ocean = nc.variables['Cflx'][:,10:50,:] cflux_southern_ocean = ma.masked_values(cflux_southern_ocean,1e+20) # mask land nc.close() cflux = cflux_southern_ocean*1e08 # change units of data from mmol/m^2/s ### create an array that consists of the seasonal signal fro each pixel year_stack = np.split(cflux, 10, axis=0) year_stack = np.array(year_stack) signal_array = np.tile(np.mean(year_stack, axis=0), (10, 1, 1)) signal_array = ma.masked_where(signal_array > 1e20, signal_array) # need to mask ### average the array over latitude(or longitude) signal_time_lon = ma.mean(signal_array, axis=1) ### do a 2D Fourier Transform of the time/space image ft = np.fft.fft2(signal_time_lon) mgft = np.abs(ft) ps = mgft**2 log_ps = np.log(mgft) log_mgft= np.log(mgft) Every second row of the ft consists completely of zeros. Why is this? Would it be acceptable to add a randomly small number to the signal to avoid this. signal_time_lon = signal_time_lon + np.random.randint(0,9,size=(730, 182))*1e-05 EDIT: Adding images and clarify meaning The output of rfft2 still appears to be a complex array. Using fftshift shifts the edges of the image to the centre; I still have a power spectrum regardless. I expect that the reason that I get rows of zeros is that I have re-created the timeseries for each pixel. The ft[0, 0] pixel contains the mean of the signal. So the ft[1, 0] corresponds to a sinusoid with one cycle over the entire signal in the rows of the starting image. Here are is the starting image using following code: plt.pcolormesh(signal_time_lon); plt.colorbar(); plt.axis('tight') Here is result using following code: ft = np.fft.rfft2(signal_time_lon) mgft = np.abs(ft) ps = mgft**2 log_ps = np.log1p(mgft) plt.pcolormesh(log_ps); plt.colorbar(); plt.axis('tight') It may not be clear in the image but it is only every second row that contains completely zeros. Every tenth pixel (log_ps[10, 0]) is a high value. The other pixels (log_ps[2, 0], log_ps[4, 0] etc) have very low values.

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  • In Ruby, how does coerce() actually work?

    - by Jian Lin
    It is said that when we have a class Point and knows how to perform point * 3 like the following: class Point def initialize(x,y) @x, @y = x, y end def *(c) Point.new(@x * c, @y * c) end end point = Point.new(1,2) p point p point * 3 Output: #<Point:0x336094 @x=1, @y=2> #<Point:0x335fa4 @x=3, @y=6> but then, 3 * point is not understood: Point can't be coerced into Fixnum (TypeError) So we need to further define an instance method coerce: class Point def coerce(something) [self, something] end end p 3 * point Output: #<Point:0x3c45a88 @x=3, @y=6> So it is said that 3 * point is the same as 3.*(point) that is, the instance method * takes an argument point and invoke on the object 3. Now, since this method * doesn't know how to multiply a point, so point.coerce(3) will be called, and get back an array: [point, 3] and then * is once again applied to it, is that true? point * 3 which is the same as point.*(3) and now, this is understood and we now have a new Point object, as performed by the instance method * of the Point class. The question is: 1) who invokes point.coerce(3) ? Is it Ruby automatically, or is it some code inside of * method of Fixnum by catching an exception? Or is it by case statement that when it doesn't know one of the known types, then call coerce? 2) Does coerce always need to return an array of 2 elements? Can it be no array? Or can it be an array of 3 elements? 3) And is the rule that, the original operator (or method) * will then be invoked on element 0, with the argument of element 1? (element 0 and element 1 are the two elements in that array returned by coerce) Who does it? Is it done by Ruby or is it done by code in Fixnum? If it is done by code in Fixnum, then it is a "convention" that everybody follows when doing a coerce? So could it be the code in * of Fixnum do something like this: if (something.typeof? ...) else if ... # other type else if ... # other type else # if it is not a type I know array = something.coerce(self) return array[0].*(array[1]) end

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  • Best way to test for a variable's existence in PHP; isset() is clearly broken

    - by chazomaticus
    From the isset() docs: isset() will return FALSE if testing a variable that has been set to NULL. Basically, isset() doesn't check for whether the variable is set at all, but whether it's set to anything but NULL. Given that, what's the best way to actually check for the existence of a variable? I tried something like: if(isset($v) || @is_null($v)) (the @ is necessary to avoid the warning when $v is not set) but is_null() has a similar problem to isset(): it returns TRUE on unset variables! It also appears that: @($v === NULL) works exactly like @is_null($v), so that's out, too. How are we supposed to reliably check for the existence of a variable in PHP? Edit: there is clearly a difference in PHP between variables that are not set, and variables that are set to NULL: <?php $a = array('b' => NULL); var_dump($a); PHP shows that $a['b'] exists, and has a NULL value. If you add: var_dump(isset($a['b'])); var_dump(isset($a['c'])); you can see the ambiguity I'm talking about with the isset() function. Here's the output of all three of these var_dump()s: array(1) { ["b"]=> NULL } bool(false) bool(false) Further edit: two things. One, a use case. An array being turned into the data of an SQL UPDATE statement, where the array's keys are the table's columns, and the array's values are the values to be applied to each column. Any of the table's columns can hold a NULL value, signified by passing a NULL value in the array. You need a way to differentiate between an array key not existing, and an array's value being set to NULL; that's the difference between not updating the column's value and updating the column's value to NULL. Second, Zoredache's answer, array_key_exists() works correctly, for my above use case and for any global variables: <?php $a = NULL; var_dump(array_key_exists('a', $GLOBALS)); var_dump(array_key_exists('b', $GLOBALS)); outputs: bool(true) bool(false) Since that properly handles just about everywhere I can see there being any ambiguity between variables that don't exist and variables that are set to NULL, I'm calling array_key_exists() the official easiest way in PHP to truly check for the existence of a variable. (Only other case I can think of is for class properties, for which there's property_exists(), which, according to its docs, works similarly to array_key_exists() in that it properly distinguishes between not being set and being set to NULL.)

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  • Easy way to convert a string of 0's and 1's into a character? Plain C

    - by Nick
    I'm doing a steganography project where I read in bytes from a ppm file and add the least significant bit to an array. So once 8 bytes are read in, I would have 8 bits in my array, which should equal some character in a hidden message. Is there an easy way to convert an array of 0's and 1's into an ascii value? For example, the array: char bits[] = "0,1,1,1,0,1,0,0" would equal 't'. Plain C

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  • Arbitrary Form Processing with Drupal

    - by Aaron
    I am writing a module for my organization to cache XML feeds to static files to an arbitrary place on our webserver. I am new at Drupal development, and would like to know if I am approaching this the right way. Basically I: Expose a url via the menu hook, where a user can enter in a an output directory on the webserver and press the "dump" button and then have PHP go to drupal and get the feed xml. I don't need help with that functionality, because I actually have a prototype working in Python (outside of Drupal).. Provide a callback for the form where I can do my logic, using the form parameters. Here's the menu hook: function ncbi_cache_files_menu() { $items = array(); $items['admin/content/ncbi_cache_files'] = array( 'title' => 'NCBI Cache File Module', 'description' => 'Cache Guide static content to files', 'page callback' => 'drupal_get_form', 'page arguments' => array( 'ncbi_cache_files_show_submit'), 'access arguments' => array( 'administer site configuration' ), 'type' => MENU_NORMAL_ITEM, ); return $items; } I generate the form in: function ncbi_cache_files_show_submit() { $DEFAULT_OUT = 'http://myorg/foo'; $form[ 'ncbi_cache_files' ] = array( '#type' => 'textfield', '#title' => t('Output Directory'), '#description' => t('Where you want the static files to be dumped. This should be a directory that www has write access to, and should be accessible from the foo server'), '#default_value' => t( $DEFAULT_OUT ), '#size' => strlen( $DEFAULT_OUT ) + 5, ); $form['dump'] = array( '#type' => 'submit', '#value' => 'Dump', '#submit' => array( 'ncbi_cache_files_dump'), ); return system_settings_form( $form ); } Then the functionality is in the callback: function ncbi_cache_files_dump( $p, $q) { //dpm( get_defined_vars() ); $outdir = $p['ncbi_cache_files']['#post']['ncbi_cache_files']; drupal_set_message('outdir: ' . $outdir ); } The question: Is this a decent way of processing an arbitrary form in Drupal? I not really need to listen for any drupal hooks, because I am basically just doing some URL and file processing. What are those arguments that I'm getting in the callback ($q)? That's the form array I guess, with the post values? Is this the best way to get the form parameters to work on? Thanks for any advice.

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  • A NSMutableArray is destroying my life!

    - by camilo
    EDITED to show the relevant part of the code Hi. There's a strange problem with an NSMutableArray which I'm just not understanding... Explaining: I have a NSMutableArray, defined as a property (nonatomic, retain), synthesized, and initialized with 29 elements. realSectionNames = [[NSMutableArray alloc] initWithCapacity:29]; After the initialization, I can insert elements as I wish and everything seems to be working fine. While I'm running the application, however, if I insert a new element in the array, I can print the array in the function where I inserted the element, and everything seems ok. However, when I select a row in the table, and I need to read that array, my application crashes. In fact, it cannot even print the array anymore. Is there any "magical and logical trick" everybody should know when using a NSMutableArray that a beginner like myself can be missing? Thanks a lot. I declare my array as realSectionNames = [[NSMutableArray alloc] initWithCapacity:29]; I insert objects in my array with [realSectionNames addObject:[category categoryFirstLetter]]; although I know i can also insert it with [realSectionNames insertObject:[category categoryFirstLetter] atIndex:i]; where the "i" is the first non-occupied position. After the insertion, I reload the data of my tableView. Printing the array before or after reloading the data shows it has the desired information. After that, selecting a row at the table makes the application crash. This realSectionNames is used in several UITableViewDelegate functions, but for the case it doesn't matter. What truly matters is that printing the array in the beginning of the didSelectRowAtIndexPath function crashes everything (and of course, doesn't print anything). I'm pretty sure it's in that line, for printing anything he line before works (example): NSLog(@"Anything"); NSLog(@"%@", realSectionNames); gives the output: 2010-03-24 15:16:04.146 myApplicationExperience[3527:207] Anything [Session started at 2010-03-24 15:16:04 +0000.] GNU gdb 6.3.50-20050815 (Apple version gdb-967) (Tue Jul 14 02:11:58 UTC 2009) Copyright 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc. GDB is free software, covered by the GNU General Public License, and you are welcome to change it and/or distribute copies of it under certain conditions. Type "show copying" to see the conditions. There is absolutely no warranty for GDB. Type "show warranty" for details. This GDB was configured as "i386-apple-darwin".sharedlibrary apply-load-rules all Attaching to process 3527. Still not understanding what kind of stupidity I've done this time... maybe it's not too late to follow the career of brain surgeon?

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  • does copyWithZone on an NSArray call copyWithZone on its elements too?

    - by malik
    Hi, here's the scenario, I have this array of Person objects. copyWithZone is implemented on Person and works as expected. I have an array of Person objects, however when I create a copy of the array and modify things in original array (change attributes of a Person) it chances the copy as well. So my best guess is that when I call copyWithZone on NSArray, it does not call it on its elements. Please confirm.

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  • How can I unshorten a URL using python?

    - by Andrew
    I want to be able to take a shortened or non-shortened URL and return its un-shortened form. How can I make a python program to do this? Additional Clarification: Case 1: shortened -- unshortened Case 2: unshortened -- unshortened e.g. bit.ly/silly in the input array should be google.com in the output array e.g. google.com in the input array should be google.com in the output array Thanks for the help!

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  • slicing arrays in numpy/scipy

    - by user248237
    I have an array like: a = array([[1,2,3],[3,4,5],[4,5,6]]) what's the most efficient way to slice out a 1x2 array out of this that has only the first two columns of "a"? I.e., array([[2,3],[4,5],[5,6]]) in this case. thanks.

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  • Help to comment a simple statement

    - by Woppie the Russian
    How does you call this statement?: $arr = array(); initialize an array or declare an array? In brief, how would you comment such a statement? (P.S. That array would then hold a bunch of values.) EDIT: I doubt because what I basically do is declare a variable of a particular type, don't I?

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  • How do you delete a pointer without deleting the data the pointer points to?

    - by Faken
    I have a pointer that points to an array and another pointer referencing the same array. How do i delete any one of those pointers without killing the array such that the second undeleted pointer still works? for example: int* pointer1 = new int [1000]; int* pointer2; pointer2 = pointer1; Now i want to get rid of pointer1, how would i do it such that i can continue to access the array normaly through pointer2?

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  • Zend_Paginator / Doctrine 2

    - by Kevin
    I'm using Doctrine 2 with my Zend Framework application and a typical query result could yield a million (or more) search results. I want to use Zend_Paginator in line with this result set. However, I don't want to return all the results as an array and use the Array adapter as this would be inefficient, instead I would like to supply the paginator the total amount of rows then and array of results based on limit/offset amounts. Is this doable using the Array adapter or would I need to create my own pagination adapter?

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  • Using PHP5s SOAP Client to send data to an ASP/.NET based SOAP server.

    - by user325143
    I am trying to write a snippet of PHP to connect to a third party's API via SOAP to enter some data into their database. The API requires me to pass several mandatory fields for every call (username, password, companyid, entitytype) in addition to the mandatory data fields. It also requires me to call the "ValidateEntity" funciton before calling the "CreateEntity" function. Documentation can be found here: http://wiki.agemni.com/Getting_Started/APIs/Database_API I have never worked with SOAP before, so I am very new to this. Here is what I have so far: error_reporting(E_ALL); ini_set('display_errors', '1'); $client = new SoapClient("http://agemni.com/AgemniWebservices/service1.asmx?WSDL", array('trace'=> true)); $options = array( 'username' => "myuser", 'password' => "mypassword", 'companyid' => myID, 'entitytype' => 2 ); $params = array( 'fname' => "John", 'lname' => "Doe", 'phone' => "859-333-3333", 'zip' => "40332", 'area id' => "12345", 'lead id' => "28222", 'contactdate' => "4/10/2010" ); $validate = $client->__soapCall("ValidateEntity", array($params), array($options)); $client->__soapCall("CreateEntity", array($params), array($options)); echo "<pre>"; var_dump($client-> __getLastRequestHeaders()); var_dump($client-> __getLastRequest()); var_dump($client-> __getLastResponseHeaders()); var_dump($client-> __getLastResponse()); var_dump($result); echo "</pre>"; Upon executing this code, I get the following error: Fatal error: Uncaught SoapFault exception: [Client] SOAP-ERROR: Encoding: object hasn't 'objecttype' property in /www/tmp/index-soap.php:24 Stack trace: #0 /www/tmp/index-soap.php(24): SoapClient->__soapCall('ValidateEntity', Array) #1 {main} thrown in /www/stealth/tmp/index-soap.php on line 24 I guess my question is.. am I even going about doing this the right way? I know this is a very broad question, but I appreciate any advice you can give me about making this work. Please let me know if you require more detail. Thanks!

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  • Double variable argument list.

    - by Lukasz Lew
    I need something like this: class Node (left : Node*, right : Node*) I understand the ambiguity of this signature. Is there a way around it better than the following? class Node (left : Array[Node, right : Array[Node]) val n = new Node (Array(n1, n2), Array(n3)) Maybe some kind of separator like this? val n = new Node (n1, n2, Sep, n3)

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  • new operator overwriting an existing object

    - by dvpdiner2
    I have a custom FastStack class, implemented as a fixed size array and an index into that array. In my copy constructor, I allocate the array and then assign each object from the copy's array into the new array. There's some refcounting in the objects on the stack, hence assignment is used rather than a simple copy. The problem is that when allocating the array, it sometimes overwrites part of the other stack's array. As can be expected, this leads to eventual segmentation faults when that data is dereferenced. class FastStack { private: int m_size, m_ptr; ObjectRef* m_stack; public: FastStack(int size) : m_size(size), m_ptr(-1) { m_stack = new ObjectRef[m_size]; } FastStack(const FastStack& copy) : m_size(copy.m_size), m_ptr(copy.m_ptr) { long a = (long)copy.m_stack[0]; m_stack = new ObjectRef[m_size]; if ((long)copy.m_stack[0] != a) fprintf(stderr, "\nWe have a serious problem!\n\n"); for (int i = 0; i <= m_ptr; i++) m_stack[i] = copy.m_stack[i]; } ~FastStack() { delete[] m_stack; } }; class ObjectRef { private: DataObj* m_obj; public: ObjectRef() : m_obj(0) { } ObjectRef(DataObj* obj) : m_obj(obj) { if (m_obj) m_obj->addRef(); } ObjectRef(const ObjectRef& obj) : m_obj(obj.m_obj) { if (m_obj) m_obj->addRef(); } ~ObjectRef() { if (m_obj) m_obj->delRef(); } ObjectRef& operator=(DataObj* obj) { if (obj) obj->addRef(); if (m_obj) m_obj->delRef(); m_obj = obj; return *this; } ObjectRef& operator=(const ObjectRef& obj) { if (obj.m_obj) obj.m_obj->addRef(); if (m_obj) m_obj->delRef(); m_obj = obj.m_obj; return *this; } }; I see that "We have a serious problem!" line shortly before a segfault, and stepping through it with gdb I can see that one of the ObjectRefs created by new has the same address as the other stack's array. My first instinct is to say that new should never be allocating memory that is already in use, but that clearly seems to be the case here and I am at a complete loss as to what can be done. Added: At the time that I see this happen, m_size = 2 and m_ptr = 0.

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  • Easy way to convert a string of 0's and 1's into a character? C language

    - by Nick
    I'm doing a steganography project where I read in bytes from a ppm file and add the least significant bit to an array. So once 8 bytes are read in, I would have 8 bits in my array, which should equal some character in a hidden message. Is there an easy way to convert an array of 0's and 1's into an ascii value? For example, the array: char bits[] = "0,1,1,1,0,1,0,0" would equal 't'.

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  • IList<T> versus Collection<T> as property

    - by Brian Triplett
    I have a class with a internal array field. I want to expose this array as a property, such that it maintains as much funtionallity of the orginal array but does not violate abstraction by exposing the array directly. What are the various methods and pros and cons? I'm thinking specifically about IList<T> or Colleciton<T>

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  • How can i merge arrays like a gearwheel

    - by JuKe
    i have 3 arrays like this $a = array( 0 => 'a1', 1 => 'a2', 2 => 'a3' ); $b = array( 0 => 'b1', 1 => 'b2', 2 => 'b3' ); $c = array( 0 => 'c1', 1 => 'c2', 2 => 'c3' ); and i like to have somethink like this: $r = array( 0 => 'a1', 1 => 'b1', 2 => 'c1', 3 => 'a2', 4 => 'b2', 5 => 'c2', 6 => 'a3', .... ... ); how can i do this, with the opinion of more than 3 arrays EDIT: i have tried this: $a = array( 0 => 'a1', 1 => 'a2', 2 => 'a3', 3 => 'a4' ); $b = array( 0 => 'b1', 1 => 'b2', 2 => 'b3' ); $c = array( 0 => 'c1', 1 => 'c2', 2 => 'c3', 3 => 'c3', 4 => 'c3', 5 => 'c3' ); $l['a'] = count($a); $l['b'] = count($b); $l['c'] = count($c); arsort($l); $largest = key($l); $result = array(); foreach ($$largest as $key => $value) { $result[] = $a[$key]; if(array_key_exists($key, $b)) $result[] = $b[$key]; if(array_key_exists($key, $c)) $result[] = $c[$key]; } print_r($result); this work.. but the code isn't nice. so anyone has a better solution?

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  • How to create multiple arrays from 2? (actionscript, flash)

    - by Ole Jak
    so I have array like ParamsArray {a,b,a,a,...b} (so i have 2 kinds of parameters in this array - a and b) (here I have N strings) and another array - DataArray {data1,data2,...dataN} (different strings) (here I have N strings) Now I created 2 new arrays ArrayA and ArrayB and I wanta want to feel arra ArrayA with all data (strings) from DataArray which correspond (by index in array) to a param in ParamsArray. and so strings that correspond to param B should appear in ArrayB. How to do such thing in actionscript? (Please - I need a code example)

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  • how to get rid of empty elements

    - by user295189
    I have an array thats generated dynamically and it has some empty elements. How do I get rid of empty elements from an array? array 0 = string '' (length=0) 1 = string 'x%6wm' (length=5) 2 = string 'x%6wmvf' (length=7) 3 = string 'x%645' (length=5) 4 = string '' (length=0) And I want it to become like array 0 = string 'x%6wm' (length=5) 1 = string 'x%6wmvf' (length=7) 2 = string 'x%645' (length=5) Thanks

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  • how do you dynamically load a uitableview from a nsarray

    - by darthwillard
    so i have a nsmutablearray that populates from a socket message. problem is, when i call numberofrowsinsection on the uitableview, it will be 0, because it loads from the array. the array has 0 objects, because the incomingMessage hasn't been received yet. i observe this array in my appdelegate, when it changes, i call refreshData on the tableView, but it doesn't refresh. how do you load a uitableview from a dynamic array?

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