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  • urgent..haskell mini interpreter

    - by mohamed elshikh
    i'm asked to implement this project and i have problems in part b which is the eval function this is the full describtion of the project You are required to implement an interpreter for mini-Haskell language. An interpreter is dened in Wikipedia as a computer program that executes, i.e. performs, instructions written in a programming language. The interpreter should be able to evaluate functions written in a special notation, which you will dene. A function is dened by: Function name Input Parameters : dened as a list of variables. The body of the function. The body of the function can be any of the following statements: a) Variable: The function may return any of the input variables. b) Arithmetic Expressions: The arithmetic expressions include input variables and addition, sub- traction, multiplication, division and modulus operations on arithmetic expressions. c) Boolean Expressions: The Boolean expressions include the ordering of arithmetic expressions (applying the relationships: <, =<, , = or =) and the anding, oring and negation of Boolean expressions. d) If-then-else statements: where the if keyword is followed by a Boolean expression. The then and else parts may be followed by any of the statements described here. e) Guarded expressions: where each case consists of a boolean expression and any of the statements described here. The expression consists of any number of cases. The rst case whose condition is true, its body should be evaluated. The guarded expression has to terminate with an otherwise case. f) Function calls: the body of the function may have a call to another function. Note that all inputs passed to the function will be of type Int. The output of the function can be of type Int or Bool. To implement the interpreter, you are required to implement the following: a) Dene a datatype for the following expressions: Variables Arithmetic expressions Boolean expressions If-then-else statements Guarded expressions Functions b) Implement the function eval which evaluates a function. It takes 3 inputs: The name of a function to be evaluated represented as a string. A list of inputs to that function. The arguments will always be of datatype Int. A list of functions. Each function is represented as instance of the datatype that you have created for functions. c) Implement the function get_type that returns the type of the function (as a string). The input to this function is the same as in part b. here is what i've done data Variable = v(char) data Arth= va Variable | Add Arth Arth | Sub Arth Arth | Times Arth Arth | Divide Arth Arth data Bol= Great Arth Arth | Small Arth Arth | Geq Arth Arth | Seq Arth Arth | And Bol Bol | Or Bol Bol | Neg Bol data Cond = data Guard = data Fun =cons String [Variable] Body data Body= bodycons(String) |Bol |Cond |Guard |Arth

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  • Prototype and jQuery concatenation failure

    - by Corey Hart
    I found something strange when trying to concatenate prototype and jQuery. It seems as though when concatenated, the $ jquery reference doesn't get overwritten by prototype. I've built two test cases to single this out, and it's failing in Chrome8 and FF 3.6. Test Case 1 - Without Concatenation jQuery and Prototype are loaded separately with different script tags. jQuery is loaded first, Prototype second. Test Case 2 - With Concatenation jQuery and Prototype are concatenated into a single file, and loaded with a single script tag. jQuery is first in the script, and prototype is added second. These should act identically, but the second test is throwing errors because the $ function in prototype doesn't overwrite the $ jquery reference. Did I set these up wrong, or are browsers rendering javascript differently when it's all in the same file?

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  • How do I handle the Maybe result of at in Control.Lens.Indexed without a Monoid instance

    - by Matthias Hörmann
    I recently discovered the lens package on Hackage and have been trying to make use of it now in a small test project that might turn into a MUD/MUSH server one very distant day if I keep working on it. Here is a minimized version of my code illustrating the problem I am facing right now with the at lenses used to access Key/Value containers (Data.Map.Strict in my case) {-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings, GeneralizedNewtypeDeriving, TemplateHaskell #-} module World where import Control.Applicative ((<$>),(<*>), pure) import Control.Lens import Data.Map.Strict (Map) import qualified Data.Map.Strict as DM import Data.Maybe import Data.UUID import Data.Text (Text) import qualified Data.Text as T import System.Random (Random, randomIO) newtype RoomId = RoomId UUID deriving (Eq, Ord, Show, Read, Random) newtype PlayerId = PlayerId UUID deriving (Eq, Ord, Show, Read, Random) data Room = Room { _roomId :: RoomId , _roomName :: Text , _roomDescription :: Text , _roomPlayers :: [PlayerId] } deriving (Eq, Ord, Show, Read) makeLenses ''Room data Player = Player { _playerId :: PlayerId , _playerDisplayName :: Text , _playerLocation :: RoomId } deriving (Eq, Ord, Show, Read) makeLenses ''Player data World = World { _worldRooms :: Map RoomId Room , _worldPlayers :: Map PlayerId Player } deriving (Eq, Ord, Show, Read) makeLenses ''World mkWorld :: IO World mkWorld = do r1 <- Room <$> randomIO <*> (pure "The Singularity") <*> (pure "You are standing in the only place in the whole world") <*> (pure []) p1 <- Player <$> randomIO <*> (pure "testplayer1") <*> (pure $ r1^.roomId) let rooms = at (r1^.roomId) ?~ (set roomPlayers [p1^.playerId] r1) $ DM.empty players = at (p1^.playerId) ?~ p1 $ DM.empty in do return $ World rooms players viewPlayerLocation :: World -> PlayerId -> RoomId viewPlayerLocation world playerId= view (worldPlayers.at playerId.traverse.playerLocation) world Since rooms, players and similar objects are referenced all over the code I store them in my World state type as maps of Ids (newtyped UUIDs) to their data objects. To retrieve those with lenses I need to handle the Maybe returned by the at lens (in case the key is not in the map this is Nothing) somehow. In my last line I tried to do this via traverse which does typecheck as long as the final result is an instance of Monoid but this is not generally the case. Right here it is not because playerLocation returns a RoomId which has no Monoid instance. No instance for (Data.Monoid.Monoid RoomId) arising from a use of `traverse' Possible fix: add an instance declaration for (Data.Monoid.Monoid RoomId) In the first argument of `(.)', namely `traverse' In the second argument of `(.)', namely `traverse . playerLocation' In the second argument of `(.)', namely `at playerId . traverse . playerLocation' Since the Monoid is required by traverse only because traverse generalizes to containers of sizes greater than one I was now wondering if there is a better way to handle this that does not require semantically nonsensical Monoid instances on all types possibly contained in one my objects I want to store in the map. Or maybe I misunderstood the issue here completely and I need to use a completely different bit of the rather large lens package?

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  • What about the Sql transaction log

    - by Michel
    Hi, i always thought that the sql transaction log keeps track of all the transactions done in the database so it could help recovering the database file in case of a unexpected power down or something like that So then, in normal usage, when the data is committed and written to disk, it is cleared because all the data is nice and safe in the mdf file. Seeing the ldf file grow and reading some i understand that that is not the case, and it will keep growing, until: you shrink the log. Only at that point all the commited transactions are cleared and the log file is shrinked. I found some sp's who should do this, but also found the theory that you first have to backup the database? That last step doesn't make sense to me, so can anyone tell me of that is correct and if so, why that is?

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  • Would I really want to return the minimum date?

    - by Clay Shannon
    An old work colleague used to quote his father about tools, "You have to be smarter than it." In the code below, Resharper is telling me, "Value assigned is not used in any execution path" (pointing to the first line). If I accept its offer of help, dt is not assigned a value ("today"). Is this a case where "I have to be smarter than it" and ignore their warning, or is this a case where the tool is smarter than me, and I'm just not understanding it? My take on the situation is that if the if statement fails, the current date is returned (the default value I want), but if I acquiesce to Resharper's "demands" it would return the default value for Datetime, which is the minimum date, which I assume is something like 7/4/1776 or 1/1/0000 or so. DateTime dt = DateTime.Now; if (!(DateTime.TryParse(substr, out dt))) { using (var dtpDlgForm = new ReturnDate("Please select the Date that the file was created:")) { if (dtpDlgForm.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK) { dt = dtpDlgForm.ReturnVal; } } } return dt;

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  • What question(s) does an object's behavior answer?

    - by Corwin
    Reading a book I have found the following statement: (Object) Behaviors answer either of two questions: What does this object do (for me)? or What can I do to this object? In the case of an orange, it doesn’t do a whole lot, but we can do things to it. One behavior is that it can be eaten. In my understanding of object behaviour the statement above is correct regarding the first question and is incorrect in case of the second. However, I often see classes with methods like Orange::eat(), and this makes me uncertain about my design skills. So I would like to ask is it a design mistake to give oranges a behaviour eat? (oranges and eat are used just for example)

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  • Linq to SQL Strange SQL Translation

    - by Master Morality
    I have a simple query that is generating some odd SQL translations, which is blowing up my code when the object is saturated. from x in DataContext.MyEntities select new { IsTypeCDA = x.EntityType == "CDA" //x.EntityType is a string and EntityType.CDA is a const string... } I would expect this query should translate to: SELECT (CASE WHEN [t0].[EntityType] = @p1 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) as [IsTypeCDA] ... Instead I get this : SELECT (CASE WHEN @p1 = [t0].[EntityType] THEN 1 WHEN NOT (@p1 = [t0].[EntityType]) THEN 0 ELSE NULL END) AS [IsTypeCDA] ... Since I'm saturating a POCO where IsTypeCDA is a bool, it blows up stating I can't assign null to bool. Any thoughts? Edit: fixed the property names so they make sense...

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  • Problem with acceding in DOM with jQuery

    - by Tristan
    Hello, I changed the tree of my JSON-P output, and i cannot access to my object DOM anymore : Here's my output : jsonp1271634374310( {"Inter-Medias": {"name":"Inter-Medias","idGSP":"14","average":"80","services":"8.86"} }); And here's my jQuery script : success: function(data, textStatus, XMLHttpRequest){ widget = data.name; widget += data.average ; .... I know one level is missing, but if I try to do : data.Inter-Medias.name or data.name.name it's still not working. Any idea please ? I will have case where i'll have multiple Ojbect, so i want to display all of them, how to do that ? for (i=0;i < data.length;i++) Does it look right ? Bonus question : i understand function(data, textStatus, XMLHttpRequest) that in case of success this function is triggered, the data is what the script recieved from his request, but i have no idea what textStatus or XMLHttpRequest are here too and why ?! Thank you.

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  • Rails 3 routes and using GET to create clean URLs?

    - by Hard-Boiled Wonderland
    I am a little confused with the routes in Rails 3 as I am just starting to learn the language. I have a form generated here: <%= form_tag towns_path, :method => "get" do %> <%= label_tag :name, "Search for:" %> <%= text_field_tag :name, params[:name] %> <%= submit_tag "Search" %> <% end %> Then in my routes: get "towns/autocomplete_town_name" get "home/autocomplete_town_name" match 'towns' => 'towns#index' match 'towns/:name' => 'towns#index' resources :towns, :module => "town" resources :businesses, :module => "business" root :to => "home#index" So why when submitting the form do I get the URL: /towns?utf8=?&name=townname&commit=Search So the question is how do I make that url into a clean url like: /towns/townname Thanks, Andrew

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  • Parameter passed by const reference returned by const reference.

    - by Alien01
    Hello, I was reading C++ Faq Second Edition , faq number 32.08 . FAQ says that parameter passed by const reference and returned by const reference can cause dangling reference. But it is ok if parameter is passed by reference and returned by reference. I got it that it is unsafe in case of const reference but how is it safe in case when parameter is non const reference. Last line of FAQ says "Note that if a function accepts a parameter by non-const reference (for example, f(string& s)), returning a copy of this reference parameter is safe because a temporary cannot be passed by non-const reference." Need some insight on this!!

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  • Error handling and polymorphism

    - by Neeraj
    I have an application with some bunch of code like this: errCode = callMainSystem(); switch (errCode){ case FailErr: error("Err corresponding to val1\n"); case IgnoreErr: error("Err corresponding to val2\n"); ... ... default: error("Unknown error\n"); } The values are enum constants. Will it make some sense to have something like: // Error* callMainSystem() ... Some code return FaileErr(); // or some other error // handling code Error* err = callMainSystem(); err->toString(); The Error class may be made singleton as it only has to print error messages. What are the pros and cons of above methods,size is an important criteria as the application needs to be supported on embedded devices as well. P.S: I don't want to use exception handling because of portability issues and associated overheads.

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  • How to make WPF Listview works same as Photoshop layer

    - by Youngjae
    As we can see in Photoshop layer window (or other image editting tool also), it has several features: groups with folder-like header (collapse/expandable) ungroupped item (no header) sort "manually" by dragging. In case of No 1, I made groupped item with expander control. (ref: http://www.dotnetspark.com/kb/1753-expand-and-collapse-listbox-group-header.aspx) In case of No 3, Sort manually can be solved with this code. (ref: codeproject.com/kb/WPF/ListViewDragDropManager.aspx) but I don't know how to list ungroupped items together. Of course, the ungroupped items may not have a header. I am using ICollectionView and MVVM. Does ICollectionView can make it?

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  • Java Switch Incompatible Types Boolean Int

    - by ikurtz
    i have the following class: public class NewGameContract { public boolean HomeNewGame = false; public boolean AwayNewGame = false; public boolean GameContract(){ if (HomeNewGame && AwayNewGame){ return true; } else { return false; } } } when i try to use it like so: if (networkConnection){ connect4GameModel.newGameContract.HomeNewGame = true; boolean status = connect4GameModel.newGameContract.GameContract(); switch (status){ case true: break; case false: break; } return; } i am getting the error: incompatible types found: boolean required: int on the following switch (status) code. what am i doing wrong please?

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  • Make Sphinx quiet (non-verbose)

    - by J. Pablo Fernández
    I'm using Sphinx through Thinking Sphinx in a Ruby on Rails project. When I create seed data and all the time, it's quite verbose, printing this: using config file '/Users/pupeno/projectx/config/development.sphinx.conf'... indexing index 'user_delta'... collected 7 docs, 0.0 MB collected 0 attr values sorted 0.0 Mvalues, 100.0% done sorted 0.0 Mhits, 99.6% done total 7 docs, 159 bytes total 0.042 sec, 3749.29 bytes/sec, 165.06 docs/sec Sphinx 0.9.8.1-release (r1533) Copyright (c) 2001-2008, Andrew Aksyonoff for every record that is created or so. Is there a way to suppress that output?

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  • How to interrupt a waiting C++0x thread?

    - by doublep
    I'm considering to use C++0x threads in my application instead of Boost threads. However, I'm not sure how to reimplement what I have with standard C++0x threads since they don't seem to have an interrupt() method. My current setup is: a master thread that manages work; several worker threads that carry out master's commands. Workers call wait() on at least two different condition variables. Master has a "timed out" state: in this case it tells all workers to stop and give whatever result they got by then. With Boost threads master just uses interrupt_all() on a thread group, which causes workers to stop waiting. In case they are not waiting at the moment, master also sets a bool flag which workers check periodically. However, in C++0x std::thread I don't see any replacement for interrupt(). Do I miss something? If not, how can I implement the above scheme so that workers cannot just sleep forever?

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  • How do you determine using stat() whether a file is a symbolic link?

    - by hora
    I basically have to write a clone of the UNIX ls command for a class, and I've got almost everything working. One thing I can't seem to figure out how to do is check whether a file is a symbolic link or not. From the man page for stat(), I see that there is a mode_t value defined, S_IFLNK. This is how I'm trying to check whether a file is a sym-link, with no luck (note, stbuf is the buffer that stat() returned the inode data into): switch(stbuf.st_mode & S_IFMT){ case S_IFLNK: printf("this is a link\n"); break; case S_IFREG: printf("this is not a link\n"); break; } My code ALWAYS prints this is not a link even if it is, and I know for a fact that the said file is a symbolic link since the actual ls command says so, plus I created the sym-link... Can anyone spot what I may be doing wrong? Thanks for the help!

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  • In .net, how do I choose between a Decimal and a Double

    - by Ian Ringrose
    We were discussing this the other day at work and I wish there was a Stackoverflow question I would point people at so here goes.) What is the difference between a Double and a Decimal? When (in what cases) should you always use a Double? When (in what cases) should you always use a Decimal? What’s the diver factors to consider in cases that don’t fall into one of the two camps above? (There a lot of questions that overlap this question, but they tend to be asking what someone should do in a given case, not how to decide in the general case)

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  • generating dynamic word documents for mass mailing

    - by bluesystem
    I need to generate a mass mailing based on a word document model with PHP. Given is a database with the adresses and the data that need to be filled in my word model. I want to generate a single word document with the different adresses and field contents from the database. We have a Linux server and the COM object is not avalaible. Is there a ready to use class to do this? Did you had any experiance with PHPWord? What is the best practice in this case? In the ideal case the client should just upload th word master document, with the fields that need to be filled and then fusioned to a multiple pages word document containing the whole mailing.

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  • In SQL / MySQL, what is the difference between "On" and "Where" in a join statement?

    - by Jian Lin
    The following statements give the same result (one is using "on", and the other using "where"): mysql> select * from gifts INNER JOIN sentGifts on gifts.giftID = sentGifts.giftID; mysql> select * from gifts INNER JOIN sentGifts where gifts.giftID = sentGifts.giftID; I can only see in a case of a Left Outer Join finding the "unmatched" cases: (to find out the gifts that were never sent by anybody) mysql> select name from gifts LEFT OUTER JOIN sentgifts on gifts.giftID = sentgifts.giftID where sentgifts.giftID IS NULL; In this case, it is first using "on", and then "where". Does the "on" first do the matching, and then "where" does the "secondary" filtering? Or is there a more general rule of using "on" versus "where"? Thanks.

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  • Which is the "best" data access framework/approach for C# and .NET?

    - by Frans
    (EDIT: I made it a community wiki as it is more suited to a collaborative format.) There are a plethora of ways to access SQL Server and other databases from .NET. All have their pros and cons and it will never be a simple question of which is "best" - the answer will always be "it depends". However, I am looking for a comparison at a high level of the different approaches and frameworks in the context of different levels of systems. For example, I would imagine that for a quick-and-dirty Web 2.0 application the answer would be very different from an in-house Enterprise-level CRUD application. I am aware that there are numerous questions on Stack Overflow dealing with subsets of this question, but I think it would be useful to try to build a summary comparison. I will endeavour to update the question with corrections and clarifications as we go. So far, this is my understanding at a high level - but I am sure it is wrong... I am primarily focusing on the Microsoft approaches to keep this focused. ADO.NET Entity Framework Database agnostic Good because it allows swapping backends in and out Bad because it can hit performance and database vendors are not too happy about it Seems to be MS's preferred route for the future Complicated to learn (though, see 267357) It is accessed through LINQ to Entities so provides ORM, thus allowing abstraction in your code LINQ to SQL Uncertain future (see Is LINQ to SQL truly dead?) Easy to learn (?) Only works with MS SQL Server See also Pros and cons of LINQ "Standard" ADO.NET No ORM No abstraction so you are back to "roll your own" and play with dynamically generated SQL Direct access, allows potentially better performance This ties in to the age-old debate of whether to focus on objects or relational data, to which the answer of course is "it depends on where the bulk of the work is" and since that is an unanswerable question hopefully we don't have to go in to that too much. IMHO, if your application is primarily manipulating large amounts of data, it does not make sense to abstract it too much into objects in the front-end code, you are better off using stored procedures and dynamic SQL to do as much of the work as possible on the back-end. Whereas, if you primarily have user interaction which causes database interaction at the level of tens or hundreds of rows then ORM makes complete sense. So, I guess my argument for good old-fashioned ADO.NET would be in the case where you manipulate and modify large datasets, in which case you will benefit from the direct access to the backend. Another case, of course, is where you have to access a legacy database that is already guarded by stored procedures. ASP.NET Data Source Controls Are these something altogether different or just a layer over standard ADO.NET? - Would you really use these if you had a DAL or if you implemented LINQ or Entities? NHibernate Seems to be a very powerful and powerful ORM? Open source Some other relevant links; NHibernate or LINQ to SQL Entity Framework vs LINQ to SQL

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  • Cocoa - Localized string from NSDate, NSCalendarDate...

    - by SirRatty
    I'm using NSDate to get a string such as "18 Jun 09", with code: NSDate *theDate = [NSDate date]; NSString *dateString = [theDate descriptionWithCalendarFormat:@"%d %b %y" timeZone:nil locale: nil]; This works, but only results in an English output. I need the output to be localized in the user's default language. Does Cocoa (Mac OS X 10.4, 10.5 in this case) provide a facility for this localization or do I have to manually localize for each case of day and & month names my self? (I have provided a locale, but although that does provide a locale-specific ordering of the date, it does not appear to do any localization of day-month names.)

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  • Adapting methods which return true/false

    - by James P.
    What's the best practise when adapting C-style functions which return a true/false to Java? Here's a simple method to illustrate where the problem lies. public static boolean fileNameEndsWithExtension( String filename, String fileExtension) { return filename.endsWith( fileExtension ); } Note that there's probably a more elegant way of filtering files (feel free to comment on this). Anyway, if filename is a null value, does one: Return a false if filename is null? If so, how does one go about distinguishing between the case where filename is null and the case where the String or file name doesn't end with a given file extension? Change the return type to the wrapper class Boolean which allows a null value. Throw an Exception and force the programmer to make sure that a null value is never passed to the method? Use another solution?

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  • Navigation properties not set when using ADO.NET Mocking Context Generator

    - by olenak
    I am using ADO.NET Mocking Context Generator plugin for my Entity Framework model. I have not started on using mocks yet, just trying to fix generated entity and context classes to make application run as before without exceptions. I've already fixed T4 template to support SaveChanges method. Now I've got another problem: when I try to access any navigation property it is set to null. All the primitive fields inherited from DB table are set and correct. So what I am doing is the following using (var context = MyContext()) { var order = context.Orders.Where(p => p.Id == 7); var product = order.Products; } in this case product is set to null. But that was not a case while using default code generator, it used to return real product object. Thanks ahead for any suggestions!

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  • distinguishing a string with flex

    - by haluk
    Hi, I need to tokenize some strings which will be splitted of according to operators like = and !=. I was successful using regex until the string has != operator. In my case, string was seperated into two parts, which is expected but ! mark is in the left side even it is part of given operator. Therefore, I believe that regex is not suitable for it and I want to benefit from lex. Since I do not have enough knowledge and experience with lex, I am not sure whether it fits my work or not. Basically, I am trying to do replace the right hand side of the operators with actual values from other data. Do you people think that can it be helpful for my case? Thanks.

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  • Errors in Layout Cant figure it out!!

    - by Wahid
    Please Help. I'm trying to create a menu that pops up if an android user clicks "menu" on his phone. and i want on the screen a button so when the user clicks it a sound starts playing for a second or two. && this error keeps popping up in my java class in the part where it says " public boolean onCreateTutorial(Menu menu) {" heres my code. package com.Tutorial; import com.Tutorial.R; import android.app.Activity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.view.Menu; import android.view.MenuInflater; import android.view.MenuItem; import android.view.View; import android.view.View.OnClickListener; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.Toast; public class Tutorial extends Activity { private SoundManager mSoundManager; /** Called when the activity is first created. */ @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); mSoundManager = new SoundManager(); mSoundManager.initSounds(getBaseContext()); mSoundManager.addSound(1, R.raw.sound); Button SoundButton = (Button)findViewById(R.id.Button); SoundButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() { public void onClick(View v) { mSoundManager.playSound(1); @Override public boolean onCreateTutorial(Menu menu) { MenuInflater inflater = getMenuInflater(); inflater.inflate(R.menu.menu, menu); return true; } } @Override public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) { switch (item.getItemId()) { case R.id.icon: Toast.makeText(this, "Rate this app on Android Market!", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); break; case R.id.text: Toast.makeText(this, "Name: Wahid", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); break; case R.id.icontext: Toast.makeText(this, "MeSoundFx Pro on the Android Market! (Coming Soon)", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); break; } return true; } }); } }

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