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  • "range of" in if condition C programming

    - by Samantha
    Hello, I'm working on a simple C prorgam, and i'ms tuck with an if test: int line_number = 0; if ((line_number >= argv[2]) && (line_number <= argv[4]) ) gcc says: cp.c:25: warning: comparison between pointer and integer cp.c:25: warning: comparison between pointer and integer What can I do to properly write the range of line I want to deal with ? Thank you!

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  • Why does my program not react to any arguments?

    - by Electric Coffee
    I have a simple test program in C++ that prints out attributes of a circle #include <iostream> #include <stdlib.h> #include "hidden_functions.h" // contains the Circle class using namespace std; void print_circle_attributes(float r) { Circle* c = new Circle(r); cout << "radius: " << c->get_radius() << endl; cout << "diameter: " << c->get_diameter() << endl; cout << "area: " << c->get_area() << endl; cout << "circumference: " << c->get_circumference() << endl; cout << endl; delete c; } int main(int argc, const char* argv[]) { float input = atof(argv[0]); print_circle_attributes(input); return 0; } when I run my program with the parameter 2.4 it outputs: radius: 0.0 diameter: 0.0 area: 0.0 circumference: 0.0 I've previously tested the program without the parameter, but simply using static values, and it ran just fine; so I know there's nothing wrong with the class I made... So what did I do wrong here? Note: the header is called hidden_functions.h because it served to test out how it would work if I had functions not declared in the header

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  • Why should main() be short?

    - by Stargazer712
    I've been programming for over 9 years, and according to the advice of my first programming teacher, I always keep my main() function extremely short. At first I had no idea why. I just obeyed without understanding, much to the delight of my professors. After gaining experience, I realized that if I designed my code correctly, having a short main() function just sortof happened. Writing modularized code and following the single responsibility principle allowed my code to be designed in "bunches", and main() served as nothing more than a catalyst to get the program running. Fast forward to a few weeks ago, I was looking at Python's souce code, and I found the main() function: /* Minimal main program -- everything is loaded from the library */ ... int main(int argc, char **argv) { ... return Py_Main(argc, argv); } Yay Python. Short main() function == Good code. Programming teachers were right. Wanting to look deeper, I took a look at Py_Main. In its entirety, it is defined as follows: /* Main program */ int Py_Main(int argc, char **argv) { int c; int sts; char *command = NULL; char *filename = NULL; char *module = NULL; FILE *fp = stdin; char *p; int unbuffered = 0; int skipfirstline = 0; int stdin_is_interactive = 0; int help = 0; int version = 0; int saw_unbuffered_flag = 0; PyCompilerFlags cf; cf.cf_flags = 0; orig_argc = argc; /* For Py_GetArgcArgv() */ orig_argv = argv; #ifdef RISCOS Py_RISCOSWimpFlag = 0; #endif PySys_ResetWarnOptions(); while ((c = _PyOS_GetOpt(argc, argv, PROGRAM_OPTS)) != EOF) { if (c == 'c') { /* -c is the last option; following arguments that look like options are left for the command to interpret. */ command = (char *)malloc(strlen(_PyOS_optarg) + 2); if (command == NULL) Py_FatalError( "not enough memory to copy -c argument"); strcpy(command, _PyOS_optarg); strcat(command, "\n"); break; } if (c == 'm') { /* -m is the last option; following arguments that look like options are left for the module to interpret. */ module = (char *)malloc(strlen(_PyOS_optarg) + 2); if (module == NULL) Py_FatalError( "not enough memory to copy -m argument"); strcpy(module, _PyOS_optarg); break; } switch (c) { case 'b': Py_BytesWarningFlag++; break; case 'd': Py_DebugFlag++; break; case '3': Py_Py3kWarningFlag++; if (!Py_DivisionWarningFlag) Py_DivisionWarningFlag = 1; break; case 'Q': if (strcmp(_PyOS_optarg, "old") == 0) { Py_DivisionWarningFlag = 0; break; } if (strcmp(_PyOS_optarg, "warn") == 0) { Py_DivisionWarningFlag = 1; break; } if (strcmp(_PyOS_optarg, "warnall") == 0) { Py_DivisionWarningFlag = 2; break; } if (strcmp(_PyOS_optarg, "new") == 0) { /* This only affects __main__ */ cf.cf_flags |= CO_FUTURE_DIVISION; /* And this tells the eval loop to treat BINARY_DIVIDE as BINARY_TRUE_DIVIDE */ _Py_QnewFlag = 1; break; } fprintf(stderr, "-Q option should be `-Qold', " "`-Qwarn', `-Qwarnall', or `-Qnew' only\n"); return usage(2, argv[0]); /* NOTREACHED */ case 'i': Py_InspectFlag++; Py_InteractiveFlag++; break; /* case 'J': reserved for Jython */ case 'O': Py_OptimizeFlag++; break; case 'B': Py_DontWriteBytecodeFlag++; break; case 's': Py_NoUserSiteDirectory++; break; case 'S': Py_NoSiteFlag++; break; case 'E': Py_IgnoreEnvironmentFlag++; break; case 't': Py_TabcheckFlag++; break; case 'u': unbuffered++; saw_unbuffered_flag = 1; break; case 'v': Py_VerboseFlag++; break; #ifdef RISCOS case 'w': Py_RISCOSWimpFlag = 1; break; #endif case 'x': skipfirstline = 1; break; /* case 'X': reserved for implementation-specific arguments */ case 'U': Py_UnicodeFlag++; break; case 'h': case '?': help++; break; case 'V': version++; break; case 'W': PySys_AddWarnOption(_PyOS_optarg); break; /* This space reserved for other options */ default: return usage(2, argv[0]); /*NOTREACHED*/ } } if (help) return usage(0, argv[0]); if (version) { fprintf(stderr, "Python %s\n", PY_VERSION); return 0; } if (Py_Py3kWarningFlag && !Py_TabcheckFlag) /* -3 implies -t (but not -tt) */ Py_TabcheckFlag = 1; if (!Py_InspectFlag && (p = Py_GETENV("PYTHONINSPECT")) && *p != '\0') Py_InspectFlag = 1; if (!saw_unbuffered_flag && (p = Py_GETENV("PYTHONUNBUFFERED")) && *p != '\0') unbuffered = 1; if (!Py_NoUserSiteDirectory && (p = Py_GETENV("PYTHONNOUSERSITE")) && *p != '\0') Py_NoUserSiteDirectory = 1; if ((p = Py_GETENV("PYTHONWARNINGS")) && *p != '\0') { char *buf, *warning; buf = (char *)malloc(strlen(p) + 1); if (buf == NULL) Py_FatalError( "not enough memory to copy PYTHONWARNINGS"); strcpy(buf, p); for (warning = strtok(buf, ","); warning != NULL; warning = strtok(NULL, ",")) PySys_AddWarnOption(warning); free(buf); } if (command == NULL && module == NULL && _PyOS_optind < argc && strcmp(argv[_PyOS_optind], "-") != 0) { #ifdef __VMS filename = decc$translate_vms(argv[_PyOS_optind]); if (filename == (char *)0 || filename == (char *)-1) filename = argv[_PyOS_optind]; #else filename = argv[_PyOS_optind]; #endif } stdin_is_interactive = Py_FdIsInteractive(stdin, (char *)0); if (unbuffered) { #if defined(MS_WINDOWS) || defined(__CYGWIN__) _setmode(fileno(stdin), O_BINARY); _setmode(fileno(stdout), O_BINARY); #endif #ifdef HAVE_SETVBUF setvbuf(stdin, (char *)NULL, _IONBF, BUFSIZ); setvbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL, _IONBF, BUFSIZ); setvbuf(stderr, (char *)NULL, _IONBF, BUFSIZ); #else /* !HAVE_SETVBUF */ setbuf(stdin, (char *)NULL); setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL); setbuf(stderr, (char *)NULL); #endif /* !HAVE_SETVBUF */ } else if (Py_InteractiveFlag) { #ifdef MS_WINDOWS /* Doesn't have to have line-buffered -- use unbuffered */ /* Any set[v]buf(stdin, ...) screws up Tkinter :-( */ setvbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL, _IONBF, BUFSIZ); #else /* !MS_WINDOWS */ #ifdef HAVE_SETVBUF setvbuf(stdin, (char *)NULL, _IOLBF, BUFSIZ); setvbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL, _IOLBF, BUFSIZ); #endif /* HAVE_SETVBUF */ #endif /* !MS_WINDOWS */ /* Leave stderr alone - it should be unbuffered anyway. */ } #ifdef __VMS else { setvbuf (stdout, (char *)NULL, _IOLBF, BUFSIZ); } #endif /* __VMS */ #ifdef __APPLE__ /* On MacOS X, when the Python interpreter is embedded in an application bundle, it gets executed by a bootstrapping script that does os.execve() with an argv[0] that's different from the actual Python executable. This is needed to keep the Finder happy, or rather, to work around Apple's overly strict requirements of the process name. However, we still need a usable sys.executable, so the actual executable path is passed in an environment variable. See Lib/plat-mac/bundlebuiler.py for details about the bootstrap script. */ if ((p = Py_GETENV("PYTHONEXECUTABLE")) && *p != '\0') Py_SetProgramName(p); else Py_SetProgramName(argv[0]); #else Py_SetProgramName(argv[0]); #endif Py_Initialize(); if (Py_VerboseFlag || (command == NULL && filename == NULL && module == NULL && stdin_is_interactive)) { fprintf(stderr, "Python %s on %s\n", Py_GetVersion(), Py_GetPlatform()); if (!Py_NoSiteFlag) fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", COPYRIGHT); } if (command != NULL) { /* Backup _PyOS_optind and force sys.argv[0] = '-c' */ _PyOS_optind--; argv[_PyOS_optind] = "-c"; } if (module != NULL) { /* Backup _PyOS_optind and force sys.argv[0] = '-c' so that PySys_SetArgv correctly sets sys.path[0] to '' rather than looking for a file called "-m". See tracker issue #8202 for details. */ _PyOS_optind--; argv[_PyOS_optind] = "-c"; } PySys_SetArgv(argc-_PyOS_optind, argv+_PyOS_optind); if ((Py_InspectFlag || (command == NULL && filename == NULL && module == NULL)) && isatty(fileno(stdin))) { PyObject *v; v = PyImport_ImportModule("readline"); if (v == NULL) PyErr_Clear(); else Py_DECREF(v); } if (command) { sts = PyRun_SimpleStringFlags(command, &cf) != 0; free(command); } else if (module) { sts = RunModule(module, 1); free(module); } else { if (filename == NULL && stdin_is_interactive) { Py_InspectFlag = 0; /* do exit on SystemExit */ RunStartupFile(&cf); } /* XXX */ sts = -1; /* keep track of whether we've already run __main__ */ if (filename != NULL) { sts = RunMainFromImporter(filename); } if (sts==-1 && filename!=NULL) { if ((fp = fopen(filename, "r")) == NULL) { fprintf(stderr, "%s: can't open file '%s': [Errno %d] %s\n", argv[0], filename, errno, strerror(errno)); return 2; } else if (skipfirstline) { int ch; /* Push back first newline so line numbers remain the same */ while ((ch = getc(fp)) != EOF) { if (ch == '\n') { (void)ungetc(ch, fp); break; } } } { /* XXX: does this work on Win/Win64? (see posix_fstat) */ struct stat sb; if (fstat(fileno(fp), &sb) == 0 && S_ISDIR(sb.st_mode)) { fprintf(stderr, "%s: '%s' is a directory, cannot continue\n", argv[0], filename); fclose(fp); return 1; } } } if (sts==-1) { /* call pending calls like signal handlers (SIGINT) */ if (Py_MakePendingCalls() == -1) { PyErr_Print(); sts = 1; } else { sts = PyRun_AnyFileExFlags( fp, filename == NULL ? "<stdin>" : filename, filename != NULL, &cf) != 0; } } } /* Check this environment variable at the end, to give programs the * opportunity to set it from Python. */ if (!Py_InspectFlag && (p = Py_GETENV("PYTHONINSPECT")) && *p != '\0') { Py_InspectFlag = 1; } if (Py_InspectFlag && stdin_is_interactive && (filename != NULL || command != NULL || module != NULL)) { Py_InspectFlag = 0; /* XXX */ sts = PyRun_AnyFileFlags(stdin, "<stdin>", &cf) != 0; } Py_Finalize(); #ifdef RISCOS if (Py_RISCOSWimpFlag) fprintf(stderr, "\x0cq\x0c"); /* make frontend quit */ #endif #ifdef __INSURE__ /* Insure++ is a memory analysis tool that aids in discovering * memory leaks and other memory problems. On Python exit, the * interned string dictionary is flagged as being in use at exit * (which it is). Under normal circumstances, this is fine because * the memory will be automatically reclaimed by the system. Under * memory debugging, it's a huge source of useless noise, so we * trade off slower shutdown for less distraction in the memory * reports. -baw */ _Py_ReleaseInternedStrings(); #endif /* __INSURE__ */ return sts; } Good God Almighty...it is big enough to sink the Titanic. It seems as though Python did the "Intro to Programming 101" trick and just moved all of main()'s code to a different function called it something very similar to "main". Here's my question: Is this code terribly written, or are there other reasons reasons to have a short main function? As it stands right now, I see absolutely no difference between doing this and just moving the code in Py_Main() back into main(). Am I wrong in thinking this?

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  • Why should main() be short?

    - by Stargazer712
    I've been programming for over 9 years, and according to the advice of my first programming teacher, I always keep my main() function extremely short. At first I had no idea why. I just obeyed without understanding, much to the delight of my professors. After gaining experience, I realized that if I designed my code correctly, having a short main() function just sortof happened. Writing modularized code and following the single responsibility principle allowed my code to be designed in "bunches", and main() served as nothing more than a catalyst to get the program running. Fast forward to a few weeks ago, I was looking at Python's souce code, and I found the main() function: /* Minimal main program -- everything is loaded from the library */ ... int main(int argc, char **argv) { ... return Py_Main(argc, argv); } Yay python. Short main() function == Good code. Programming teachers were right. Wanting to look deeper, I took a look at Py_Main. In its entirety, it is defined as follows: /* Main program */ int Py_Main(int argc, char **argv) { int c; int sts; char *command = NULL; char *filename = NULL; char *module = NULL; FILE *fp = stdin; char *p; int unbuffered = 0; int skipfirstline = 0; int stdin_is_interactive = 0; int help = 0; int version = 0; int saw_unbuffered_flag = 0; PyCompilerFlags cf; cf.cf_flags = 0; orig_argc = argc; /* For Py_GetArgcArgv() */ orig_argv = argv; #ifdef RISCOS Py_RISCOSWimpFlag = 0; #endif PySys_ResetWarnOptions(); while ((c = _PyOS_GetOpt(argc, argv, PROGRAM_OPTS)) != EOF) { if (c == 'c') { /* -c is the last option; following arguments that look like options are left for the command to interpret. */ command = (char *)malloc(strlen(_PyOS_optarg) + 2); if (command == NULL) Py_FatalError( "not enough memory to copy -c argument"); strcpy(command, _PyOS_optarg); strcat(command, "\n"); break; } if (c == 'm') { /* -m is the last option; following arguments that look like options are left for the module to interpret. */ module = (char *)malloc(strlen(_PyOS_optarg) + 2); if (module == NULL) Py_FatalError( "not enough memory to copy -m argument"); strcpy(module, _PyOS_optarg); break; } switch (c) { case 'b': Py_BytesWarningFlag++; break; case 'd': Py_DebugFlag++; break; case '3': Py_Py3kWarningFlag++; if (!Py_DivisionWarningFlag) Py_DivisionWarningFlag = 1; break; case 'Q': if (strcmp(_PyOS_optarg, "old") == 0) { Py_DivisionWarningFlag = 0; break; } if (strcmp(_PyOS_optarg, "warn") == 0) { Py_DivisionWarningFlag = 1; break; } if (strcmp(_PyOS_optarg, "warnall") == 0) { Py_DivisionWarningFlag = 2; break; } if (strcmp(_PyOS_optarg, "new") == 0) { /* This only affects __main__ */ cf.cf_flags |= CO_FUTURE_DIVISION; /* And this tells the eval loop to treat BINARY_DIVIDE as BINARY_TRUE_DIVIDE */ _Py_QnewFlag = 1; break; } fprintf(stderr, "-Q option should be `-Qold', " "`-Qwarn', `-Qwarnall', or `-Qnew' only\n"); return usage(2, argv[0]); /* NOTREACHED */ case 'i': Py_InspectFlag++; Py_InteractiveFlag++; break; /* case 'J': reserved for Jython */ case 'O': Py_OptimizeFlag++; break; case 'B': Py_DontWriteBytecodeFlag++; break; case 's': Py_NoUserSiteDirectory++; break; case 'S': Py_NoSiteFlag++; break; case 'E': Py_IgnoreEnvironmentFlag++; break; case 't': Py_TabcheckFlag++; break; case 'u': unbuffered++; saw_unbuffered_flag = 1; break; case 'v': Py_VerboseFlag++; break; #ifdef RISCOS case 'w': Py_RISCOSWimpFlag = 1; break; #endif case 'x': skipfirstline = 1; break; /* case 'X': reserved for implementation-specific arguments */ case 'U': Py_UnicodeFlag++; break; case 'h': case '?': help++; break; case 'V': version++; break; case 'W': PySys_AddWarnOption(_PyOS_optarg); break; /* This space reserved for other options */ default: return usage(2, argv[0]); /*NOTREACHED*/ } } if (help) return usage(0, argv[0]); if (version) { fprintf(stderr, "Python %s\n", PY_VERSION); return 0; } if (Py_Py3kWarningFlag && !Py_TabcheckFlag) /* -3 implies -t (but not -tt) */ Py_TabcheckFlag = 1; if (!Py_InspectFlag && (p = Py_GETENV("PYTHONINSPECT")) && *p != '\0') Py_InspectFlag = 1; if (!saw_unbuffered_flag && (p = Py_GETENV("PYTHONUNBUFFERED")) && *p != '\0') unbuffered = 1; if (!Py_NoUserSiteDirectory && (p = Py_GETENV("PYTHONNOUSERSITE")) && *p != '\0') Py_NoUserSiteDirectory = 1; if ((p = Py_GETENV("PYTHONWARNINGS")) && *p != '\0') { char *buf, *warning; buf = (char *)malloc(strlen(p) + 1); if (buf == NULL) Py_FatalError( "not enough memory to copy PYTHONWARNINGS"); strcpy(buf, p); for (warning = strtok(buf, ","); warning != NULL; warning = strtok(NULL, ",")) PySys_AddWarnOption(warning); free(buf); } if (command == NULL && module == NULL && _PyOS_optind < argc && strcmp(argv[_PyOS_optind], "-") != 0) { #ifdef __VMS filename = decc$translate_vms(argv[_PyOS_optind]); if (filename == (char *)0 || filename == (char *)-1) filename = argv[_PyOS_optind]; #else filename = argv[_PyOS_optind]; #endif } stdin_is_interactive = Py_FdIsInteractive(stdin, (char *)0); if (unbuffered) { #if defined(MS_WINDOWS) || defined(__CYGWIN__) _setmode(fileno(stdin), O_BINARY); _setmode(fileno(stdout), O_BINARY); #endif #ifdef HAVE_SETVBUF setvbuf(stdin, (char *)NULL, _IONBF, BUFSIZ); setvbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL, _IONBF, BUFSIZ); setvbuf(stderr, (char *)NULL, _IONBF, BUFSIZ); #else /* !HAVE_SETVBUF */ setbuf(stdin, (char *)NULL); setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL); setbuf(stderr, (char *)NULL); #endif /* !HAVE_SETVBUF */ } else if (Py_InteractiveFlag) { #ifdef MS_WINDOWS /* Doesn't have to have line-buffered -- use unbuffered */ /* Any set[v]buf(stdin, ...) screws up Tkinter :-( */ setvbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL, _IONBF, BUFSIZ); #else /* !MS_WINDOWS */ #ifdef HAVE_SETVBUF setvbuf(stdin, (char *)NULL, _IOLBF, BUFSIZ); setvbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL, _IOLBF, BUFSIZ); #endif /* HAVE_SETVBUF */ #endif /* !MS_WINDOWS */ /* Leave stderr alone - it should be unbuffered anyway. */ } #ifdef __VMS else { setvbuf (stdout, (char *)NULL, _IOLBF, BUFSIZ); } #endif /* __VMS */ #ifdef __APPLE__ /* On MacOS X, when the Python interpreter is embedded in an application bundle, it gets executed by a bootstrapping script that does os.execve() with an argv[0] that's different from the actual Python executable. This is needed to keep the Finder happy, or rather, to work around Apple's overly strict requirements of the process name. However, we still need a usable sys.executable, so the actual executable path is passed in an environment variable. See Lib/plat-mac/bundlebuiler.py for details about the bootstrap script. */ if ((p = Py_GETENV("PYTHONEXECUTABLE")) && *p != '\0') Py_SetProgramName(p); else Py_SetProgramName(argv[0]); #else Py_SetProgramName(argv[0]); #endif Py_Initialize(); if (Py_VerboseFlag || (command == NULL && filename == NULL && module == NULL && stdin_is_interactive)) { fprintf(stderr, "Python %s on %s\n", Py_GetVersion(), Py_GetPlatform()); if (!Py_NoSiteFlag) fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", COPYRIGHT); } if (command != NULL) { /* Backup _PyOS_optind and force sys.argv[0] = '-c' */ _PyOS_optind--; argv[_PyOS_optind] = "-c"; } if (module != NULL) { /* Backup _PyOS_optind and force sys.argv[0] = '-c' so that PySys_SetArgv correctly sets sys.path[0] to '' rather than looking for a file called "-m". See tracker issue #8202 for details. */ _PyOS_optind--; argv[_PyOS_optind] = "-c"; } PySys_SetArgv(argc-_PyOS_optind, argv+_PyOS_optind); if ((Py_InspectFlag || (command == NULL && filename == NULL && module == NULL)) && isatty(fileno(stdin))) { PyObject *v; v = PyImport_ImportModule("readline"); if (v == NULL) PyErr_Clear(); else Py_DECREF(v); } if (command) { sts = PyRun_SimpleStringFlags(command, &cf) != 0; free(command); } else if (module) { sts = RunModule(module, 1); free(module); } else { if (filename == NULL && stdin_is_interactive) { Py_InspectFlag = 0; /* do exit on SystemExit */ RunStartupFile(&cf); } /* XXX */ sts = -1; /* keep track of whether we've already run __main__ */ if (filename != NULL) { sts = RunMainFromImporter(filename); } if (sts==-1 && filename!=NULL) { if ((fp = fopen(filename, "r")) == NULL) { fprintf(stderr, "%s: can't open file '%s': [Errno %d] %s\n", argv[0], filename, errno, strerror(errno)); return 2; } else if (skipfirstline) { int ch; /* Push back first newline so line numbers remain the same */ while ((ch = getc(fp)) != EOF) { if (ch == '\n') { (void)ungetc(ch, fp); break; } } } { /* XXX: does this work on Win/Win64? (see posix_fstat) */ struct stat sb; if (fstat(fileno(fp), &sb) == 0 && S_ISDIR(sb.st_mode)) { fprintf(stderr, "%s: '%s' is a directory, cannot continue\n", argv[0], filename); fclose(fp); return 1; } } } if (sts==-1) { /* call pending calls like signal handlers (SIGINT) */ if (Py_MakePendingCalls() == -1) { PyErr_Print(); sts = 1; } else { sts = PyRun_AnyFileExFlags( fp, filename == NULL ? "<stdin>" : filename, filename != NULL, &cf) != 0; } } } /* Check this environment variable at the end, to give programs the * opportunity to set it from Python. */ if (!Py_InspectFlag && (p = Py_GETENV("PYTHONINSPECT")) && *p != '\0') { Py_InspectFlag = 1; } if (Py_InspectFlag && stdin_is_interactive && (filename != NULL || command != NULL || module != NULL)) { Py_InspectFlag = 0; /* XXX */ sts = PyRun_AnyFileFlags(stdin, "<stdin>", &cf) != 0; } Py_Finalize(); #ifdef RISCOS if (Py_RISCOSWimpFlag) fprintf(stderr, "\x0cq\x0c"); /* make frontend quit */ #endif #ifdef __INSURE__ /* Insure++ is a memory analysis tool that aids in discovering * memory leaks and other memory problems. On Python exit, the * interned string dictionary is flagged as being in use at exit * (which it is). Under normal circumstances, this is fine because * the memory will be automatically reclaimed by the system. Under * memory debugging, it's a huge source of useless noise, so we * trade off slower shutdown for less distraction in the memory * reports. -baw */ _Py_ReleaseInternedStrings(); #endif /* __INSURE__ */ return sts; } Good God Almighty...it is big enough to sink the Titanic. It seems as though Python did the "Intro to Programming 101" trick and just moved all of main()'s code to a different function called it something very similar to "main". Here's my question: Is this code terribly written, or are there other reasons to have a short main function? As it stands right now, I see absolutely no difference between doing this and just moving the code in Py_Main() back into main(). Am I wrong in thinking this?

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  • I'm trying to run some PHP scripts as CLI instead of over HTTP. How do I make them play nice?

    - by gnfti
    Hi everyone. I'm using some PHP scripts from FeedForAll to join together RSS feeds (RSSmesh) and display them as HTML (RSS2HTML). Because I intend to run these scripts fairly intensively and don't want the resulting HTTP requests and bandwidth to count towards my hosting quota, I am in the process of moving to running them on the web host's server in an umbrella PHP "batch" script, and call this script via cron (this is a Linux server, by the way). Here's a (working) sample request over HTTP: http://www.mydomain.com/a/rss2htmlcore/rss2html2.php?XMLFILE=http://www.mydomain.com/a/myapp/xmlcache/feed.xml&TEMPLATE=template.html This will produce the desired HTML output. An example of how I want this to work on the command line: /srv/customers/mycustomer#/mydomain.com/www/a/rss2htmlcore/rss2html2-cli.php /srv/customers/mycustomer#/mydomain.com/www/a/myapp/xmlcache/feed.xml /srv/customers/mycustomer#/mydomain.com/www/a/template.html This is with the correct shebang line added to "rss2html2-cli.php". I could just as well specify the executable ("/usr/local/bin/php") in the request, I doubt it makes a difference because I am able to run another script (that I wrote myself) either way without problems. Now, RSS2HTML and RSSmesh are different in that, for starters, they include secondary files -- for example, both include an XML parser script -- and I suspect that this is where I am getting a bit in over my head. Right now I'm calling exec() from the "umbrella" batch script, like so: exec("/srv/customers/mycustomer#/mydomain.com/www/a/rss2htmlcore/rss2html2-cli.php /srv/customers/mycustomer#/mydomain.com/www/a/myapp/xmlcache/feed.xml /srv/customers/mycustomer#/mydomain.com/www/a/template.html", $output) But no output is being produced. What's the best way to go about this and what "gotchas" should I keep in mind? Is exec() the right way to approach this? It works fine for the other (simple) script but that writes its own output. For this I want to get the output and write it to a file from within the umbrella script if possible. I've also tried output buffering but to no avail. Do I need to pay attention to anything specific with regard to the includes? Right now they're specified in the scripts as include_once("FeedForAll_XMLParser.inc.php"); and the specified files are indeed in the same folder. Further info: -This is a Linux server. -I have no direct access to the shell, so I can't test things directly on a command line, everything is via crontab. -I will admit that support for the FeedForAll scripts leaves a lot to be desired, but I'd like to keep using their scripts if at all possible, if only because I know them and have been using them for a while. I have looked into Simplepie, but the FFA scripts do some things that I've seen no obvious solutions for with Simplepie, like limiting the number of items per individual feed (RSSmesh) or limiting the description length (RSS2HTML). -Yahoo! Pipes is out, they cache their data for too long for my application. Should you want to take a look at the code, here are the scripts as txt files. RSS2HTML2 and RSSmesh are the FeedForAll scripts, FeedForAll_XMLParser... is the included parser. Note that I have not yet amended these to handle $argv etc. I have however in "scraper-universal-rss-cli", which works fine with CLI. If anyone has any thoughts to share on this it would be very much appreciated. Thank you in advance.

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  • XRDP errors when trying to use sesman-x11rdp

    - by Nicholas
    I've just installed Ubuntu 11.10 Desktop on an old laptop of mine and I wanted to set it up so I could remote into it from my windows desktop. I've installed XRDP, but when I attempt to login using sesman-x11rdp it logs in, then the window shuts down. I've checked over the logs and here is what I get at the time of login: [20120123-16:49:23] [INFO ] scp thread on sck 8 started successfully [20120123-16:49:23] [INFO ] granted TS access to user nicholas [20120123-16:49:24] [INFO ] starting X11rdp session... [20120123-16:49:24] [CORE ] error starting X server - user nicholas - pid 3869 [20120123-16:49:24] [DEBUG] errno: 2, description: No such file or directory [20120123-16:49:24] [DEBUG] execve parameter list: 11 [20120123-16:49:24] [DEBUG] argv[0] = X11rdp [20120123-16:49:24] [DEBUG] argv[1] = :11 [20120123-16:49:24] [DEBUG] argv[2] = -geometry [20120123-16:49:24] [DEBUG] argv[3] = 1280x720 [20120123-16:49:24] [DEBUG] argv[4] = -depth [20120123-16:49:24] [DEBUG] argv[5] = 16 [20120123-16:49:24] [DEBUG] argv[6] = -bs [20120123-16:49:24] [DEBUG] argv[7] = -ac [20120123-16:49:24] [DEBUG] argv[8] = -nolisten [20120123-16:49:24] [DEBUG] argv[9] = tcp [20120123-16:49:25] [DEBUG] argv[10] = (null) [20120123-16:49:34] [ERROR] X server for display 11 startup timeout [20120123-16:49:34] [ERROR] X server for display 11 startup timeout [20120123-16:49:34] [INFO ] starting xrdp-sessvc - xpid=3869 - wmpid=3868 [20120123-16:49:34] [ERROR] another Xserver is already active on display 11 [20120123-16:49:34] [DEBUG] aborting connection... [20120123-16:49:34] [INFO ] session 3867 - user nicholas - terminated Can anyone point me to the proper way to get this working with x11rdp?

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  • running "./script" gets syntax error after import statements, but "python script" works fine

    - by nzomkxia
    I'm doing something with the sys.argv in python here is the code: age1.py import datetime import os import sys if len(sys.argv) == 2: now_time = datetime.datetime.now() future_time = now_time + datetime.timedelta(int(sys.argv[1])) print "date in", sys.argv[1],"days",future_time elif len(sys.argv) == 4: print "three paras" spe_time = datetime.datetime(int(sys.argv[1]),int(sys.argv[2]),int(sys.argv[3])) now_time = datetime.datetime.now() diff_time = now_time - spe_time print "days since then..." , diff_time if I run the code in bash like: python age1.py xxxx, the program goes fine but if I run that like ./age1.py xxxx, the mouse will become a symbol like "+", then the program ends up with: "./age1.py: line 5: syntax error near unexpected token `sys.argv' ./age1.py: line 5: `if len(sys.argv) == 2:' system: Ubuntu 10.10 Python 2.7.3 any reason for that?

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  • pthread and recursively calling execvp in C

    - by eduke
    To begin I'm sorry for my english :) I looking for a way to create a thread each time my program finds a directory, in order to call the program itself but with a new argv[2] argument (which is the current dir). I did it successfully with fork() but with pthread I've some difficulties. I don't know if I can do something like that : #include <unistd.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/stat.h> #include <sys/wait.h> #include <dirent.h> int main(int argc, char **argv) { pthread_t threadID[10] = {0}; DIR * dir; struct dirent * entry; struct stat status; pthread_attr_t attr; pthread_attr_init(&attr); int i = 0; char *res; char *tmp; char *file; if(argc != 3) { printf("Usage : %s <file> <dir>\n", argv[0]); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } if(stat(argv[2],&status) == 0) { dir = opendir(argv[2]); file = argv[1]; } else exit(EXIT_FAILURE); while ((entry = readdir(dir))) { if (strcmp(entry->d_name, ".") && strcmp(entry->d_name, "..")) { tmp = malloc(strlen(argv[2]) + strlen(entry->d_name) + 2); strcpy(tmp, argv[2]); strcat(tmp, "/"); strcat(tmp, entry->d_name); stat(tmp, &status); if (S_ISDIR(status.st_mode)) { argv[2] = tmp; pthread_create( &threadID[i], &attr, execvp(argv[0], argv), NULL); printf("New thread created : %d", i); i++; } else if (!strcmp(entry->d_name, file)) { printf(" %s was found - Thread number = %d\n",tmp, i); break; } free(tmp); } } pthread_join( threadID[i] , &res ); exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); } Actually it doesn't works : pthread_create( &threadID[i], &attr, execvp(argv[0], argv), NULL); I have no runtime error, but when the file to find is in another directory, the thread is not created and so execvp(argv[0], argv) is not called... Thank you for you help, Simon

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  • How does ps show the argv for all processes on Mac OS X?

    - by DNS
    I'm trying to identify when a particular process is running, based on its arguments, on Mac OS X. There may be several processes running with the same name, but only one will have the arguments I'm looking for. The processes are not owned by the same user who will be running my code. They will not have modified their argv in any way. The 'ps' command shows exactly the information that I need. But I would greatly prefer not to have to spawn 'ps' and parse its output. I originally tried the solution from this question, using sysctl, but it turns out that only works for processes you own; see my other question for more info. So how does ps obtain argv information for processes owned by other users?

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  • Streamed mp3 only plays for 1 second

    - by angel6
    Hi, I'm using the plaympeg.c (modified) code of smpeg as a media player. I've got ffserver running as a streaming server. I'm a streaming an mp3 file over http. But when I run plaympeg.c, it plays the streamed file only for a second. When I run plaympeg again, it starts off from where it left and plays for 1 second. Does anyone know why this happens an how to fix it? I've tested it out on WMP and it plays the entire file in one go. So, i guess it's not a problem with the streaming or ffserver.conf include include include include /* #ifdef unix */ include include include include include include include define NET_SUPPORT /* General network support */ define HTTP_SUPPORT /* HTTP support */ ifdef NET_SUPPORT include include include include endif include "smpeg.h" ifdef NET_SUPPORT int tcp_open(char * address, int port) { struct sockaddr_in stAddr; struct hostent * host; int sock; struct linger l; memset(&stAddr,0,sizeof(stAddr)); stAddr.sin_family = AF_INET ; stAddr.sin_port = htons(port); if((host = gethostbyname(address)) == NULL) return(0); stAddr.sin_addr = *((struct in_addr *) host-h_addr_list[0]) ; if((sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP)) < 0) return(0); l.l_onoff = 1; l.l_linger = 5; if(setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_LINGER, (char*) &l, sizeof(l)) < 0) return(0); if(connect(sock, (struct sockaddr *) &stAddr, sizeof(stAddr)) < 0) return(0); return(sock); } ifdef HTTP_SUPPORT int http_open(char * arg) { char * host; int port; char * request; int tcp_sock; char http_request[1024]; char c; printf("\nin http_open passed parameter = %s\n",arg); /* Check for URL syntax */ if(strncmp(arg, "http://", strlen("http://"))) return(0); /* Parse URL */ port = 80; host = arg + strlen("http://"); if((request = strchr(host, '/')) == NULL) return(0); request++ = 0; if(strchr(host, ':') != NULL) / port is specified */ { port = atoi(strchr(host, ':') + 1); *strchr(host, ':') = 0; } /* Open a TCP socket */ if(!(tcp_sock = tcp_open(host, port))) { perror("http_open"); return(0); } /* Send HTTP GET request */ sprintf(http_request, "GET /%s HTTP/1.0\r\n" "User-Agent: Mozilla/2.0 (Win95; I)\r\n" "Pragma: no-cache\r\n" "Host: %s\r\n" "Accept: /\r\n" "\r\n", request, host); send(tcp_sock, http_request, strlen(http_request), 0); /* Parse server reply */ do read(tcp_sock, &c, sizeof(char)); while(c != ' '); read(tcp_sock, http_request, 4*sizeof(char)); http_request[4] = 0; if(strcmp(http_request, "200 ")) { fprintf(stderr, "http_open: "); do { read(tcp_sock, &c, sizeof(char)); fprintf(stderr, "%c", c); } while(c != '\r'); fprintf(stderr, "\n"); return(0); } return(tcp_sock); } endif endif void update(SDL_Surface *screen, Sint32 x, Sint32 y, Uint32 w, Uint32 h) { if ( screen-flags & SDL_DOUBLEBUF ) { SDL_Flip(screen); } } /* Flag telling the UI that the movie or song should be skipped */ int done; void next_movie(int sig) { done = 1; } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int use_audio, use_video; int fullscreen; int scalesize; int scale_width, scale_height; int loop_play; int i, pause; int volume; Uint32 seek; float skip; int bilinear_filtering; SDL_Surface *screen; SMPEG *mpeg; SMPEG_Info info; char *basefile; SDL_version sdlver; SMPEG_version smpegver; int fd; char buf[32]; int status; printf("\nchecking command line options "); /* Get the command line options */ use_audio = 1; use_video = 1; fullscreen = 0; scalesize = 1; scale_width = 0; scale_height = 0; loop_play = 0; volume = 100; seek = 0; skip = 0; bilinear_filtering = 0; fd = 0; for ( i=1; argv[i] && (argv[i][0] == '-') && (argv[i][1] != 0); ++i ) { if ( strcmp(argv[i], "--fullscreen") == 0 ) { fullscreen = 1; } else if ((strcmp(argv[i], "--seek") == 0)||(strcmp(argv[i], "-S") == 0)) { ++i; if ( argv[i] ) { seek = atol(argv[i]); } } else if ((strcmp(argv[i], "--volume") == 0)||(strcmp(argv[i], "-v") == 0)) { ++i; if (i >= argc) { fprintf(stderr, "Please specify volume when using --volume or -v\n"); return(1); } if ( argv[i] ) { volume = atoi(argv[i]); } if ( ( volume < 0 ) || ( volume 100 ) ) { fprintf(stderr, "Volume must be between 0 and 100\n"); volume = 100; } } else { fprintf(stderr, "Warning: Unknown option: %s\n", argv[i]); } } printf("\nuse video = %d, use audio = %d\n",use_video, use_audio); printf("\ngoing to check input parameters\n"); if defined(linux) || defined(FreeBSD) /* Plaympeg doesn't need a mouse */ putenv("SDL_NOMOUSE=1"); endif /* Play the mpeg files! */ status = 0; for ( ; argv[i]; ++i ) { /* Initialize SDL */ if ( use_video ) { if ((SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO) < 0) || !SDL_VideoDriverName(buf, 1)) { fprintf(stderr, "Warning: Couldn't init SDL video: %s\n", SDL_GetError()); fprintf(stderr, "Will ignore video stream\n"); use_video = 0; } printf("\ninitialised video\n"); } if ( use_audio ) { if ((SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_AUDIO) < 0) || !SDL_AudioDriverName(buf, 1)) { fprintf(stderr, "Warning: Couldn't init SDL audio: %s\n", SDL_GetError()); fprintf(stderr, "Will ignore audio stream\n"); use_audio = 0; } } /* Allow Ctrl-C when there's no video output */ signal(SIGINT, next_movie); printf("\nchecking defined supports\n"); /* Create the MPEG stream */ ifdef NET_SUPPORT printf("\ndefined NET_SUPPORT\n"); ifdef HTTP_SUPPORT printf("\ndefined HTTP_SUPPORT\n"); /* Check if source is an http URL */ printf("\nabout to call http_open\n"); printf("\nhere we go\n"); if((fd = http_open(argv[i])) != 0) mpeg = SMPEG_new_descr(fd, &info, use_audio); else endif endif { if(strcmp(argv[i], "-") == 0) /* Use stdin for input */ mpeg = SMPEG_new_descr(0, &info, use_audio); else mpeg = SMPEG_new(argv[i], &info, use_audio); } if ( SMPEG_error(mpeg) ) { fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s\n", argv[i], SMPEG_error(mpeg)); SMPEG_delete(mpeg); status = -1; continue; } SMPEG_enableaudio(mpeg, use_audio); SMPEG_enablevideo(mpeg, use_video); SMPEG_setvolume(mpeg, volume); /* Print information about the video */ basefile = strrchr(argv[i], '/'); if ( basefile ) { ++basefile; } else { basefile = argv[i]; } if ( info.has_audio && info.has_video ) { printf("%s: MPEG system stream (audio/video)\n", basefile); } else if ( info.has_audio ) { printf("%s: MPEG audio stream\n", basefile); } else if ( info.has_video ) { printf("%s: MPEG video stream\n", basefile); } if ( info.has_video ) { printf("\tVideo %dx%d resolution\n", info.width, info.height); } if ( info.has_audio ) { printf("\tAudio %s\n", info.audio_string); } if ( info.total_size ) { printf("\tSize: %d\n", info.total_size); } if ( info.total_time ) { printf("\tTotal time: %f\n", info.total_time); } /* Set up video display if needed */ if ( info.has_video && use_video ) { const SDL_VideoInfo *video_info; Uint32 video_flags; int video_bpp; int width, height; /* Get the "native" video mode */ video_info = SDL_GetVideoInfo(); switch (video_info->vfmt->BitsPerPixel) { case 16: case 24: case 32: video_bpp = video_info->vfmt->BitsPerPixel; break; default: video_bpp = 16; break; } if ( scale_width ) { width = scale_width; } else { width = info.width; } width *= scalesize; if ( scale_height ) { height = scale_height; } else { height = info.height; } height *= scalesize; video_flags = SDL_SWSURFACE; if ( fullscreen ) { video_flags = SDL_FULLSCREEN|SDL_DOUBLEBUF|SDL_HWSURFACE; } video_flags |= SDL_ASYNCBLIT; video_flags |= SDL_RESIZABLE; screen = SDL_SetVideoMode(width, height, video_bpp, video_flags); if ( screen == NULL ) { fprintf(stderr, "Unable to set %dx%d video mode: %s\n", width, height, SDL_GetError()); continue; } SDL_WM_SetCaption(argv[i], "plaympeg"); if ( screen->flags & SDL_FULLSCREEN ) { SDL_ShowCursor(0); } SMPEG_setdisplay(mpeg, screen, NULL, update); SMPEG_scaleXY(mpeg, screen->w, screen->h); } else { SDL_QuitSubSystem(SDL_INIT_VIDEO); } /* Set any special playback parameters */ if ( loop_play ) { SMPEG_loop(mpeg, 1); } /* Seek starting position */ if(seek) SMPEG_seek(mpeg, seek); /* Skip seconds to starting position */ if(skip) SMPEG_skip(mpeg, skip); /* Play it, and wait for playback to complete */ SMPEG_play(mpeg); done = 0; pause = 0; while ( ! done && ( pause || (SMPEG_status(mpeg) == SMPEG_PLAYING) ) ) { SDL_Event event; while ( use_video && SDL_PollEvent(&event) ) { switch (event.type) { case SDL_VIDEORESIZE: { SDL_Surface *old_screen = screen; SMPEG_pause(mpeg); screen = SDL_SetVideoMode(event.resize.w, event.resize.h, screen->format->BitsPerPixel, screen->flags); if ( old_screen != screen ) { SMPEG_setdisplay(mpeg, screen, NULL, update); } SMPEG_scaleXY(mpeg, screen-w, screen-h); SMPEG_pause(mpeg); } break; case SDL_KEYDOWN: if ( (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_ESCAPE) || (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_q) ) { // Quit done = 1; } else if ( event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_RETURN ) { // toggle fullscreen if ( event.key.keysym.mod & KMOD_ALT ) { SDL_WM_ToggleFullScreen(screen); fullscreen = (screen-flags & SDL_FULLSCREEN); SDL_ShowCursor(!fullscreen); } } else if ( event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_UP ) { // Volume up if ( volume < 100 ) { if ( event.key.keysym.mod & KMOD_SHIFT ) { // 10+ volume += 10; } else if ( event.key.keysym.mod & KMOD_CTRL ) { // 100+ volume = 100; } else { // 1+ volume++; } if ( volume 100 ) volume = 100; SMPEG_setvolume(mpeg, volume); } } else if ( event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_DOWN ) { // Volume down if ( volume 0 ) { if ( event.key.keysym.mod & KMOD_SHIFT ) { volume -= 10; } else if ( event.key.keysym.mod & KMOD_CTRL ) { volume = 0; } else { volume--; } if ( volume < 0 ) volume = 0; SMPEG_setvolume(mpeg, volume); } } else if ( event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_PAGEUP ) { // Full volume volume = 100; SMPEG_setvolume(mpeg, volume); } else if ( event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_PAGEDOWN ) { // Volume off volume = 0; SMPEG_setvolume(mpeg, volume); } else if ( event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_SPACE ) { // Toggle play / pause if ( SMPEG_status(mpeg) == SMPEG_PLAYING ) { SMPEG_pause(mpeg); pause = 1; } else { SMPEG_play(mpeg); pause = 0; } } else if ( event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_RIGHT ) { // Forward if ( event.key.keysym.mod & KMOD_SHIFT ) { SMPEG_skip(mpeg, 100); } else if ( event.key.keysym.mod & KMOD_CTRL ) { SMPEG_skip(mpeg, 50); } else { SMPEG_skip(mpeg, 5); } } else if ( event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_LEFT ) { // Reverse if ( event.key.keysym.mod & KMOD_SHIFT ) { } else if ( event.key.keysym.mod & KMOD_CTRL ) { } else { } } else if ( event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_KP_MINUS ) { // Scale minus if ( scalesize > 1 ) { scalesize--; } } else if ( event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_KP_PLUS ) { // Scale plus scalesize++; } else if ( event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_f ) { // Toggle filtering on/off if ( bilinear_filtering ) { SMPEG_Filter *filter = SMPEGfilter_null(); filter = SMPEG_filter( mpeg, filter ); filter-destroy(filter); bilinear_filtering = 0; } else { SMPEG_Filter *filter = SMPEGfilter_bilinear(); filter = SMPEG_filter( mpeg, filter ); filter-destroy(filter); bilinear_filtering = 1; } } break; case SDL_QUIT: done = 1; break; default: break; } } SDL_Delay(1000/2); } SMPEG_delete(mpeg); } SDL_Quit(); if defined(HTTP_SUPPORT) if(fd) close(fd); endif return(status); }

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  • How to overwrite an array of char pointers with a larger list of char pointers?

    - by Casey
    My function is being passed a struct containing, among other things, a NULL terminated array of pointers to words making up a command with arguments. I'm performing a glob match on the list of arguments, to expand them into a full list of files, then I want to replace the passed argument array with the new expanded one. The globbing is working fine, that is, g.gl_pathv is populated with the list of expected files. However, I am having trouble copying this array into the struct I was given. #include <glob.h> struct command { char **argv; // other fields... } void myFunction( struct command * cmd ) { char **p = cmd->argv; char* program = *p++; // save the program name (e.g 'ls', and increment to the first argument glob_t g; memset(&g, 0, sizeof(g)); g.gl_offs = 1; int res = glob(*p++, GLOB_DOOFFS, NULL, &g); glob_handle_res(res); while (*p) { res = glob(*p, GLOB_DOOFFS | GLOB_APPEND, NULL, &g); glob_handle_res(res); } if( g.gl_pathc <= 0 ) { globfree(&g); } cmd->argv = malloc((g.gl_pathc + g.gl_offs) * sizeof *cmd->argv); if (cmd->argv == NULL) { sys_fatal_error("pattern_expand: malloc failed\n");} // copy over the arguments size_t i = g.gl_offs; for (; i < g.gl_pathc + g.gl_offs; ++i) cmd->argv[i] = strdup(g.gl_pathv[i]); // insert the original program name cmd->argv[0] = strdup(program); ** cmd->argv[g.gl_pathc + g.gl_offs] = 0; ** globfree(&g); } void command_free(struct esh_command * cmd) { char ** p = cmd->argv; while (*p) { free(*p++); // Segfaults here, was it already freed? } free(cmd->argv); free(cmd); } Edit 1: Also, I realized I need to stick program back in there as cmd-argv[0] Edit 2: Added call to calloc Edit 3: Edit mem management with tips from Alok Edit 4: More tips from alok Edit 5: Almost working.. the app segfaults when freeing the command struct Finally: Seems like I was missing the terminating NULL, so adding the line: cmd->argv[g.gl_pathc + g.gl_offs] = 0; seemed to make it work.

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  • How to read Unicode characters from command-line arguments in Python on Windows

    - by Craig McQueen
    I want my Python script to be able to read Unicode command line arguments in Windows. But it appears that sys.argv is a string encoded in some local encoding, rather than Unicode. How can I read the command line in full Unicode? Example code: argv.py import sys first_arg = sys.argv[1] print first_arg print type(first_arg) print first_arg.encode("hex") print open(first_arg) On my PC set up for Japanese code page, I get: C:\temp>argv.py "PC·??????08.09.24.doc" PC·??????08.09.24.doc <type 'str'> 50438145835c83748367905c90bf8f9130382e30392e32342e646f63 <open file 'PC·??????08.09.24.doc', mode 'r' at 0x00917D90> That's Shift-JIS encoded I believe, and it "works" for that filename. But it breaks for filenames with characters that aren't in the Shift-JIS character set—the final "open" call fails: C:\temp>argv.py Jörgen.txt Jorgen.txt <type 'str'> 4a6f7267656e2e747874 Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\temp\argv.py", line 7, in <module> print open(first_arg) IOError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'Jorgen.txt' Note—I'm talking about Python 2.x, not Python 3.0. I've found that Python 3.0 gives sys.argv as proper Unicode. But it's a bit early yet to transition to Python 3.0 (due to lack of 3rd party library support). Update: A few answers have said I should decode according to whatever the sys.argv is encoded in. The problem with that is that it's not full Unicode, so some characters are not representable. Here's the use case that gives me grief: I have enabled drag-and-drop of files onto .py files in Windows Explorer. I have file names with all sorts of characters, including some not in the system default code page. My Python script doesn't get the right Unicode filenames passed to it via sys.argv in all cases, when the characters aren't representable in the current code page encoding. There is certainly some Windows API to read the command line with full Unicode (and Python 3.0 does it). I assume the Python 2.x interpreter is not using it.

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  • C Check Substring of a String C

    - by user69514
    I'm trying to check whether or not the second argument in my program is a substring of the first argument. The problem is that it only work if the substring starts with the same letter of the string. EDIT: It must be done in C, not C++. Sorry #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> int my_strstr( char const *s, char const *sub ) { char const *ret = sub; while ( ret = strchr( ret, *sub ) ) { if ( strcmp( ++ret, sub+1 ) == 0 ) return 1; } return 0; } int main(int argc, char **argv){ if (argc != 3) { printf ("Usage: check <string one> <string two>\n"); } int result = my_strstr(argv[1], argv[2]); if(result == 1){ printf("%s is a substring of %s\n", argv[2], argv[1]); } else{ printf("%s is not a substring of %s\n", argv[2], argv[1]); } return 0; }

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  • Mount SMB / AFP 13.10

    - by Jeffery
    I cannot seem to get Ubuntu to mount a mac share via SMB or AFP. I've tried the following... AFP: apt-get install afpfs-ng-utils mount_afp afp://user:password@localip/share /mnt/share Error given: "Could not connect, never got a reponse to getstatus, Connection timed out". Which is odd as I can access the share just fine via Mac. SMB: apt-get install cifs-utils nano /etc/fstab added the following line "//localip/share /mnt/share cifs username=user,password=pass,iocharset=utf8,sec=nltm 0 0" mount -a Error given: root@Asrock:~# mount -a -vvv mount: fstab path: "/etc/fstab" mount: mtab path: "/etc/mtab" mount: lock path: "/etc/mtab~" mount: temp path: "/etc/mtab.tmp" mount: UID: 0 mount: eUID: 0 mount: spec: "//10.0.1.3/NAS" mount: node: "/mnt/NAS" mount: types: "cifs" mount: opts: "username=user,password=pass,iocharset=utf8,sec=nltm" mount: external mount: argv[0] = "/sbin/mount.cifs" mount: external mount: argv[1] = "//10.0.1.3/NAS" mount: external mount: argv[2] = "/mnt/NAS" mount: external mount: argv[3] = "-v" mount: external mount: argv[4] = "-o" mount: external mount: argv[5] = "rw,username=user,password=pass,iocharset=utf8,sec=nltm" mount.cifs kernel mount options: ip=10.0.1.3,unc=\\10.0.1.3\NAS,iocharset=utf8,sec=nltm,user=user,pass=* mount error(22): Invalid argument Refer to the mount.cifs(8) manual page (e.g. man mount.cifs) I don't really care which it uses I just want it to work! Am I doing something wrong?

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  • How to write a function to output unconstant loop

    - by tunpishuang
    Here is the function description test($argv) $argv is an array, for example $argv=array($from1,$to1,$from2,$to2.....); array items must be even. $argv=array(1,2,4,5) : this will output values like below: 1_4 1_5 2_4 2_5 The number of array $argv's is not constant. Maybe 3 or 4 levels of loop will be outputed. I know this will used RECURSIVE , but i don't know exactly how to code.

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  • how to write a function to output unconstant loop with PHP

    - by tunpishuang
    here is the function description test($argv) $argv is an array , for example $argv=array($from1,$to1,$from2,$to2.....); array items must be even. $argv=array(1,2,4,5) : this will output values like below: 1_4 1_5 2_4 2_5 the number of arrray $argv's is not constant. maybe 3 or 4 levels of loop will be outputed. i know this will used RECURSIVE , but i don't know exatly how to code.

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  • c++: truth assignment warning with arguments?

    - by John
    I use the following to work with arguments in my programs, but it seems to just hand me a warning (just a warning): "warning: suggest parentheses around assignment used as truth value" The beginning of the code is as follows: enum{OPT_DISP_H = 0x2, OPT_DISP_W = 0x1}; int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int opt = 0x00; char c; while((++argv)[0] && argv[0][0]=='-'){ while(c =* ++argv[0]) switch(c){ case 'h': opt |= OPT_DISP_H; break; //etc.. The while(c =* ++argv[0]) part being where the warning persists. The code works fine, but what does this warning mean opposed to what is used? I think the code is c = *++argv[0], using the pointer. So why does the single = work and what is really recommended to be used?

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  • Problem in udp socket programing in c

    - by Md. Talha
    I complile the following C code of UDP client after I run './udpclient localhost 9191' in terminal.I put "Enter Text= " as Hello, but it is showing error in sendto as below: Enter text: hello hello : error in sendto()guest-1SDRJ2@md-K42F:~/Desktop$ " Note: I open 1st the server port as below in other terminal ./server 9191. I beleive there is no error in server code. The udp client is not passing message to server. If I don't use thread , the message is passing .But I have to do it by thread. UDP client Code: /* simple UDP echo client */ #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <netinet/in.h> #include <arpa/inet.h> #include <netdb.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <pthread.h> #define STRLEN 1024 static void *readdata(void *); static void *writedata(void *); int sockfd, n, slen; struct sockaddr_in servaddr; char sendline[STRLEN], recvline[STRLEN]; int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { pthread_t readid,writeid; struct sockaddr_in servaddr; struct hostent *h; if(argc != 3) { printf("Usage: %s <proxy server ip> <port>\n", argv[0]); exit(0); } /* create hostent structure from user entered host name*/ if ( (h = gethostbyname(argv[1])) == NULL) { printf("\n%s: error in gethostbyname()", argv[0]); exit(0); } /* create server address structure */ bzero(&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr)); /* initialize it */ servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET; memcpy((char *) &servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr, h->h_addr_list[0], h->h_length); servaddr.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[2])); /* get the port number from argv[2]*/ /* create a UDP socket: SOCK_DGRAM */ if ( (sockfd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0) { printf("\n%s: error in socket()", argv[0]); exit(0); } pthread_create(&readid,NULL,&readdata,NULL); pthread_create(&writeid,NULL,&writedata,NULL); while(1) { }; close(sockfd); } static void * writedata(void *arg) { /* get user input */ printf("\nEnter text: "); do { if (fgets(sendline, STRLEN, stdin) == NULL) { printf("\n%s: error in fgets()"); exit(0); } /* send a text */ if (sendto(sockfd, sendline, sizeof(sendline), 0, (struct sockaddr *) &servaddr, sizeof(servaddr)) < 0) { printf("\n%s: error in sendto()"); exit(0); } }while(1); } static void * readdata(void *arg) { /* wait for echo */ slen = sizeof(servaddr); if ( (n = recvfrom(sockfd, recvline, STRLEN, 0, (struct sockaddr *) &servaddr, &slen)) < 0) { printf("\n%s: error in recvfrom()"); exit(0); } /* null terminate the string */ recvline[n] = 0; fputs(recvline, stdout); }

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  • C - check if string is a substring of another string

    - by user69514
    I need to write a program that takes two strings as arguments and check if the second one is a substring of the first one. I need to do it without using any special library functions. I created this implementation, but I think it's always returning true as long as there is one letter that's the same in both strings. Can you help me out here. I'm not sure what I am doing wrong: #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> int my_strstr( char const *s, char const *sub ) { char const *ret = sub; int r = 0; while ( ret = strchr( ret, *sub ) ) { if ( strcmp( ++ret, sub+1 ) == 0 ){ r = 1; } else{ r = 0; } } return r; } int main(int argc, char **argv){ if (argc != 3) { printf ("Usage: check <string one> <string two>\n"); } int result = my_strstr(argv[1], argv[2]); if(result == 1){ printf("%s is a substring of %s\n", argv[2], argv[1]); } else{ printf("%s is not a substring of %s\n", argv[2], argv[1]); } return 0; }

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  • How to avoid using the plld.exe utility in VS2008 (for linking C++ and Prolog codes)

    - by Joshua Green
    Here is my code in its entirety: Trying "listing." at the Prolog prompt that pops up when I run the program confirms that my Prolog source code has been loaded (consulted). #include <iostream> #include <fstream> #include <string> #include <math.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <stdafx.h> using namespace std; #include "Windows.h" #include "ctype.h" #include "SWI-cpp.h" #include "SWI-Prolog.h" #include "SWI-Stream.h" int main(int argc, char** argv) { argc = 4; argv[0] = "libpl.dll"; argv[1] = "-G32m"; argv[2] = "-L32m"; argv[3] = "-T32m"; PL_initialise(argc, argv); if ( !PL_initialise(argc, argv) ) PL_halt(1); PlCall( "consult(swi('plwin.rc'))" ); PlCall( "consult('hello.pl')" ); PL_halt( PL_toplevel() ? 0 : 1 ); } So this is how to load a Prolog source code (hello.pl) at run time into VS2008 without having to use plld at the VS command prompt.

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  • Factorial in Prolog and C++

    - by Joshua Green
    I would like to work out a number's factorial. My factorial rule is in a Prolog file and I am connecting it to a C++ code. Can someone tell me what is wrong with my C++ interface please? % factorial.pl factorial( 1, 1 ):- !. factorial( X, Fac ):- X > 1, Y is X - 1, factorial( Y, New_Fac ), Fac is X * New_Fac. // factorial.cpp # headerfiles term_t t1; term_t t2; term_t goal_term; functor_t goal_functor; int main( int argc, char** argv ) { argc = 4; argv[0] = "libpl.dll"; argv[1] = "-G32m"; argv[2] = "-L32m"; argv[3] = "-T32m"; PL_initialise(argc, argv); if ( !PL_initialise(argc, argv) ) PL_halt(1); PlCall( "consult(swi('plwin.rc'))" ); PlCall( "consult('factorial.pl')" ); cout << "Enter your factorial number: "; long n; cin >> n; PL_put_integer( t1, n ); t1 = PL_new_term_ref(); t2 = PL_new_term_ref(); goal_term = PL_new_term_ref(); goal_functor = PL_new_functor( PL_new_atom("factorial"), 2 ); PL_put_atom( t1, t2 ); PL_cons_functor( goal_term, goal_functor, t1, t2 ); PL_halt( PL_toplevel() ? 0 : 1 ); }

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  • C++ Check Substring of a String

    - by user69514
    I'm trying to check whether or not the second argument in my program is a substring of the first argument. The problem is that it only work if the substring starts with the same letter of the string. .i.e Michigan - Mich (this works) Michigan - Mi (this works) Michigan - igan (this doesn't work) #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <string> using namespace std; bool my_strstr( string str, string sub ) { bool flag = true; int startPosition = -1; char subStart = str.at(0); char strStart; //find starting position for(int i=0; i<str.length(); i++){ if(str.at(i) == subStart){ startPosition = i; break; } } for(int i=0; i<sub.size(); i++){ if(sub.at(i) != str.at(startPosition)){ flag = false; break; } startPosition++; } return flag; } int main(int argc, char **argv){ if (argc != 3) { printf ("Usage: check <string one> <string two>\n"); } string str1 = argv[1]; string str2 = argv[2]; bool result = my_strstr(str1, str2); if(result == 1){ printf("%s is a substring of %s\n", argv[2], argv[1]); } else{ printf("%s is not a substring of %s\n", argv[2], argv[1]); } return 0; }

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  • urllib2.Request() with data returns empty url

    - by Mr. Polywhirl
    My main concern is the function: getUrlAndHtml() If I manually build and append the query to the end of the uri, I can get the response.url(), but if I pass a dictionary as the request data, the url does not come back. Is there anyway to guarantee the redirected url? In my example below, if thisWorks = True I get back a url, but the returned url is the request url as opposed to a redirect link. On a sidenote, the encoding for .E2.80.93 does not translate to - for some reason? #!/usr/bin/python import pprint import urllib import urllib2 from bs4 import BeautifulSoup from sys import argv URL = 'http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?' def yesOrNo(boolVal): return 'yes' if boolVal else 'no' def getTitleFromRaw(page): return page.strip().replace(' ', '_') def getUrlAndHtml(title, printable=False): thisWorks = False if thisWorks: query = 'title={:s}&printable={:s}'.format(title, yesOrNo(printable)) opener = urllib2.build_opener() opener.addheaders = [('User-agent', 'Mozilla/5.0')] response = opener.open(URL + query) else: params = {'title':title,'printable':yesOrNo(printable)} data = urllib.urlencode(params) headers = {'User-agent':'Mozilla/5.0'}; request = urllib2.Request(URL, data, headers) response = urllib2.urlopen(request) return response.geturl(), response.read() def getSoup(html, name=None, attrs=None): soup = BeautifulSoup(html) if name is None: return None return soup.find(name, attrs) def setTitle(soup, newTitle): title = soup.find('div', {'id':'toctitle'}) h2 = title.find('h2') h2.contents[0].replaceWith('{:s} for {:s}'.format(h2.getText(), newTitle)) def updateLinks(soup, url): fragment = '#' for a in soup.findAll('a', href=True): a['href'] = a['href'].replace(fragment, url + fragment) def writeToFile(soup, filename='out.html', indentLevel=2): with open(filename, 'wt') as out: pp = pprint.PrettyPrinter(indent=indentLevel, stream=out) pp.pprint(soup) print('Wrote {:s} successfully.'.format(filename)) if __name__ == '__main__': def exitPgrm(): print('usage: {:s} "<PAGE>" <FILE>'.format(argv[0])) exit(0) if len(argv) == 2: help = argv[1] if help == '-h' or help == '--help': exitPgrm() if False:''' if not len(argv) == 3: exitPgrm() ''' page = 'Led Zeppelin' # argv[1] filename = 'test.html' # argv[2] title = getTitleFromRaw(page) url, html = getUrlAndHtml(title) soup = getSoup(html, 'div', {'id':'toc'}) setTitle(soup, page) updateLinks(soup, url) writeToFile(soup, filename)

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  • Problem with launching JAGUAR in R

    - by Gerry
    Windows XP, R 2.11.1, Java JRE6 I just installed the Jaguar package. From an R console, I can do this: > library(JGR) Loading required package: rJava Loading required package: JavaGD Loading required package: iplots Please use the corresponding JGR launcher to start JGR. Run JGR() for details. You can also use JGR(update=TRUE) to update JGR. and so JGR appears to be correctly installed. JGR() yields On Windows JGR must be started using the JGR.exe launcher. Please visit http://www.rosuda.org/JGR/ to download it. > I'm not sure how to run Jaguar - I know I have to run jgr.exe - but should R be already open? If so, should the JGR library be already loaded? I've tried all of these, and what seems to happen regardless is a console window opens briefly, then disappears. I've run jrg --debug, with no apparent error message: (same file regardless of choice made above). What should I be doing? Thanks! System: Version 5.1 (build 2600), platform 2 [Service Pack 3] JGR loader version 1.61 (build Jul 23 2008) parseParams> 1 parameters parsed. parseParams par 10> "--debug" > rhome="C:\Program Files\R\R-2.11.1" > srhome="C:\PROGRA~1\R\R-211~1.1" getPkgVersion(JGR): 010702 getPkgVersion(rJava): 000805 getPkgVersion(JavaGD): 000503 getPkgVersion(iplots): 010103 Loading preferences from "C:\Documents and Settings\gblais\.JGRprefsrc" > javakey="Software\JavaSoft\Java Runtime Environment\1.6" > javah="C:\Program Files\Java\jre6" > tp="C:\Perl\site\bin;C:\Perl\bin;C:\PHP\;C:\Program Files\MiKTeX 2.8\miktex\bin;C:\Python26\Lib\site-packages\PyQt4;C:\Program Files\Tcl\bin;C:\oracle\product\10.2.0\client_2\BIN;C:\WINDOWS\system32;C:\WINDOWS;C:\WINDOWS\System32\Wbem;C:\WINDOWS\system32;C:\WINDOWS;C:\WINDOWS\System32\Wbem;C:\Program Files\Support Tools\;c:\belfry;c:\belfry\usr\local\wbin;C:\WINDOWS;C:\WINDOWS\System32;C:\WINDOWS\System32\WBEM;c:\Program Files\QuickTime\QTSystem\;C:\Program Files\SlikSvn\bin\;c:\progra~1\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\bin\" Got RuntimeLib from registry, using "C:\Program Files\Java\jre6\bin\client;" PATH prefix. Java home: "C:\Program Files\Java\jre6" R home: "C:\Program Files\R\R-2.11.1" JAR files: "-Drjava.class.path=C:\PROGRA~1\R\R-211~1.1\library\rJava\jri\JRI.jar;C:\PROGRA~1\R\R-211~1.1\library\iplots\java\iplots.jar;C:\PROGRA~1\R\R-211~1.1\library\JGR\java\JGR.jar;C:\PROGRA~1\R\R-211~1.1\etc\classes;C:\PROGRA~1\R\R-211~1.1\etc\classes.jar" desired PATH: "C:\Program Files\Java\jre6\bin\client;C:\Program Files\Java\jre6\bin\client;C:\Program Files\Java\jre6\bin;C:\Program Files\R\R-2.11.1\bin;C:\PROGRA~1\R\R-211~1.1\library\rJava\jri;C:\Perl\site\bin;C:\Perl\bin;C:\PHP\;C:\Program Files\MiKTeX 2.8\miktex\bin;C:\Python26\Lib\site-packages\PyQt4;C:\Program Files\Tcl\bin;C:\oracle\product\10.2.0\client_2\BIN;C:\WINDOWS\system32;C:\WINDOWS;C:\WINDOWS\System32\Wbem;C:\WINDOWS\system32;C:\WINDOWS;C:\WINDOWS\System32\Wbem;C:\Program Files\Support Tools\;c:\belfry;c:\belfry\usr\local\wbin;C:\WINDOWS;C:\WINDOWS\System32;C:\WINDOWS\System32\WBEM;c:\Program Files\QuickTime\QTSystem\;C:\Program Files\SlikSvn\bin\;c:\progra~1\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\bin\" actual PATH: "C:\Program Files\Java\jre6\bin\client;C:\Program Files\Java\jre6\bin\client;C:\Program Files\Java\jre6\bin;C:\Program Files\R\R-2.11.1\bin;C:\PROGRA~1\R\R-211~1.1\library\rJava\jri;C:\Perl\site\bin;C:\Perl\bin;C:\PHP\;C:\Program Files\MiKTeX 2.8\miktex\bin;C:\Python26\Lib\site-packages\PyQt4;C:\Program Files\Tcl\bin;C:\oracle\product\10.2.0\client_2\BIN;C:\WINDOWS\system32;C:\WINDOWS;C:\WINDOWS\System32\Wbem;C:\WINDOWS\system32;C:\WINDOWS;C:\WINDOWS\System32\Wbem;C:\Program Files\Support Tools\;c:\belfry;c:\belfry\usr\local\wbin;C:\WINDOWS;C:\WINDOWS\System32;C:\WINDOWS\System32\WBEM;c:\Program Files\QuickTime\QTSystem\;C:\Program Files\SlikSvn\bin\;c:\progra~1\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\bin\" getenv PATH: "C:\Perl\site\bin;C:\Perl\bin;C:\PHP\;C:\Program Files\MiKTeX 2.8\miktex\bin;C:\Python26\Lib\site-packages\PyQt4;C:\Program Files\Tcl\bin;C:\oracle\product\10.2.0\client_2\BIN;C:\WINDOWS\system32;C:\WINDOWS;C:\WINDOWS\System32\Wbem;C:\WINDOWS\system32;C:\WINDOWS;C:\WINDOWS\System32\Wbem;C:\Program Files\Support Tools\;c:\belfry;c:\belfry\usr\local\wbin;C:\WINDOWS;C:\WINDOWS\System32;C:\WINDOWS\System32\WBEM;c:\Program Files\QuickTime\QTSystem\;C:\Program Files\SlikSvn\bin\;c:\progra~1\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\bin\" argv[0]:C:\PROGRA~1\Java\jre6\bin\java.exe argv[1]:-Drjava.class.path=C:\PROGRA~1\R\R-211~1.1\library\rJava\jri\JRI.jar;C:\PROGRA~1\R\R-211~1.1\library\iplots\java\iplots.jar;C:\PROGRA~1\R\R-211~1.1\library\JGR\java\JGR.jar;C:\PROGRA~1\R\R-211~1.1\etc\classes;C:\PROGRA~1\R\R-211~1.1\etc\classes.jar argv[2]:-Xmx512m argv[3]:-cp argv[4]:C:\PROGRA~1\R\R-211~1.1\library\rJava\java\boot argv[5]:-Drjava.path=C:\PROGRA~1\R\R-211~1.1\library\rJava argv[6]:-Dmain.class=org.rosuda.JGR.JGR argv[7]:-Djgr.load.pkgs=yes argv[8]:-Djgr.loader.ver=1.61 argv[9]:RJavaClassLoader argv[10]:--debug

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