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• Clustering filesystem for small files

  - by viraptor

  Hi, I'm looking for a distributed filesystem which I could use for storing lots of small files (<1MB usually). What I want to get is: 2 servers which have the fs mounted themselves and mirror the data locking support (among reachable nodes) some kind of best-effort automatic resynchronisation after one node goes down and comes back again What I mean by the resync is that, I'm ok with both servers doing read/write operations even if they split-brain. I'm also ok if a local process obtains a lock if the other host is not reachable. From the resync I expect only a file-level consistent view after a while - that is - if file x is modified on both nodes during a split-brain, I don't really care which one is available after they join again, as long as it's full file, not one block coming from node1 and another block from node2. Is there a solution like that out there? I see that gluster has some problems with file locks (even in 3.1). I also noticed that OCFS2 will panic if both nodes split-brain. What other filesystem would allow me to do what I want?

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• Linux: Case-INSENSITIVE Filesystem

  - by Quandary

  What methods are there to make the Linux filesystem case-INSENSITIVE ? I have asp.net applications developed on Windows, but there are always issues with capitalization/spelling on mono when putting it on Linux. One way is to mount a localhost SMB share to /var/www. Are there any others ?

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• filesystem mounting problem

  - by user306988

  Hello, A DAS box is attached to my linux box using LSI SCSI HBA. Volume is properly detected on the linux box and filesystem is created using mkfs.ext2 /dev/sdc #No partition table I can not mount the volume using mount/dev/sdc /mnt/temp -t ext3 But I can mount it using mount /dev/sdc /mnt/temp -t ext3 -o loop Can anybody please tell me what "-o loop" option does internally? Has anybody faced this option before? Thanks in advance, prashant

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• Recover files from corrupt filesystem

  - by Emile 81

  My situation: I have an older 80GB IDE internal hdd, with a few files on that I would like very much to recover: some word documents some latex documents (text files) and pictures (png, jpg, eps files) some other text documents and visual studio project files I had backed them (not the latex ones though) up using svn, but have not committed lately, and would loose a lot of work if I cant recover. the hdd seems to have lost its filesystem, i have no idea how it came about. I know it has/had 3 NTFS partitions, i know the files i want are on the second or third partition. I read http://superuser.com/questions/81877/recover-hard-disk-data Partition Find and Mount did not see all the partitions using intelligent scan TestDisk does (i think), I followed the step by step instructions here, but when I try to list the files it says: "Can't open filesystem, filesystem seems damaged." I'm not sure how to proceed here, as TestDisks wiki does not contain this error message afaik. I don't know if the hdd is gonna fail, or some prog has caused the filesystem to be corrupt, the hdd doesnt make a sound, so i guess that's good. I would like some guidance so I don't accidentally cause more damage. (eg. is it ok to let testdisk write the filesystem to disk? I'm pretty the partitions are listed ok, but not 100%)

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• How to check last changes in filesystem or directory with bash?

  - by Robert Vila

  After the system unmounted the root partition I detected that some files are missing in the filesystem. wifi and the gwibber icons disappeared from the indicator applet I want to check if there are other files missing using the ls program and the locate program, which woks on indexes of a previous state of the filesystem. Thus, locate '/usr/share/icons/*' | xargs ls -d 2>&1 >/dev/null serves for that purpose, and I can count the nonexistent files like this: locate '/usr/share/icons/*' | xargs ls -d 2>&1 >/dev/null | wc -l except for the case where filenames have blank spaces in them; and, not very surprisingly, that is the case with Ubuntu (OMG!! It is no longer "forbidden" like in good old times). If I use: locate '/usr/share/icons/*' | xargs -Iñ ls -d 'ñ' 2>&1 >/dev/null it is not working because there is some kind of interference in the syntax between the redirections of the standard outputs and the use of the parameter -I. Can anyone please help me with this syntax or giving another idea?

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• What's wrong with my ext4 partition?

  - by bumbling fool

  What is wrong with this picture? Top is output from "df -h", bottom is gparted. I suspect I'm missing a lot of free space. No problems other than that (yet). Can somebody suggest the best (non-destructive) way to correct this? sudo dumpe2fs -h /dev/sda3: (source http://pastebin.com/nAvrdT4E) Filesystem volume name: <none> Last mounted on: / Filesystem UUID: 9f6eff64-60d7-4eec-81d5-1e8acd818b38 Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53 Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic) Filesystem features: has_journal ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype needs_recovery extent flex_bg sparse_super large_file huge_file uninit_bg dir_nlink extra_isize Filesystem flags: signed_directory_hash Default mount options: (none) Filesystem state: clean Errors behavior: Continue Filesystem OS type: Linux Inode count: 1602496 Block count: 6406144 Reserved block count: 320306 Free blocks: 4842284 Free inodes: 1361222 First block: 0 Block size: 4096 Fragment size: 4096 Reserved GDT blocks: 1022 Blocks per group: 32768 Fragments per group: 32768 Inodes per group: 8176 Inode blocks per group: 511 RAID stride: 32692 Flex block group size: 16 Filesystem created: Sun Nov 8 18:18:13 2009 Last mount time: Tue Mar 1 01:04:27 2011 Last write time: Mon Feb 28 04:27:34 2011 Mount count: 16 Maximum mount count: 28 Last checked: Thu Feb 24 06:23:39 2011 Check interval: 15552000 (6 months) Next check after: Tue Aug 23 07:23:39 2011 Lifetime writes: 227 GB Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root) Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root) First inode: 11 Inode size: 256 Required extra isize: 28 Desired extra isize: 28 Journal inode: 8 First orphan inode: 268015 Default directory hash: half_md4 Directory Hash Seed: cc101517-e617-482b-a883-a72919419c84 Journal backup: inode blocks Journal features: journal_incompat_revoke Journal size: 128M Journal length: 32768 Journal sequence: 0x001d3000 Journal start: 7787 fdisk and parted output per requests: http://pastebin.com/EGVH7Ken

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• Why does my root filesystem keep becoming read-only?

  - by Scott Severance

  I've lately been having an issue with my root filesystem becoming readonly. It happens some amount of time after boot. I don't know exactly when it happens, as I don't usually notice it until something such as suspending the computer or printing fails. It seems to be fairly random. Since most of my system is on that partition, I can't re-mount it without rebooting. After this happens, the system runs a fsck. Sometimes it prompts to fix problems; other times it apparently finds none. To troubleshoot, I've searched through the logs but found nothing relevant. This might be due in part to not knowing when the actual errors took place. The filesystem is apparently good to begin with, as when fsck runs its fixes it doesn't report any errors. I've scanned the disk with SpinRite. A while ago, SpinRite found and recovered from some bad sectors on the hard drive. I ran a level 4 scan (a thorough scan) after this probem appeared, but SpinRite found nothing. The SMART data reports that the disk is OK with 63 bad sectors. The number of bad sectors hasn't changed recently. I realize that the disk isn't in the best of conditions, and I have complete backups in case of catastrophic failure. Yet the lack of errors in the logs, combined with SpinRite's test results and the unchanged SMART data makes me think that this problem has some cause other than disk failure. Other than disk failure, what could cause my symptoms?

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• Learning resources for Linux filesystem, command line, and structure

  - by webworm

  Can anyone suggest some good materials for learning more about the Linux filesystem and command line? I have found myself frequently confused as to what programs go where on the Linux filesystem. I would like to learn how the various directories (var, etc, usr ...) are used and how to use the commandline more effectively. I come from the Windows development world (.NET developer) so I am very familiar with Windows system administration. However, when doing more and more work with PHP I found myself lost in the internals of Linux (specifically Ubuntu). For example I was having problems installing PEAR properly on my Ubuntu system and not understanding why it was installed where it was. All of my interactions with Linux machines is done via SSH so I would like to focus on the command line and the filesystem. Thanks for any suggestions.

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• filesystem compatible with freenas and windows

  - by Daniel

  Hi all, I'm planning on using FreeNAS (was considering openfiler but freenas seems simpler) for my home NAS box running off ESXI. I have managed to get local sata drives to mount in ESXI (http://serverfault.com/questions/216902/esxi-add-datastore-without-partitioning). I've had one of the drives fail on my before and I was able to retrieve most of the data off it using windows tools (I'm not much of a linux guy I know enough to be dangerous!). If I go the freenas route in the event that something goes bad what would be the best file system to use so that I could pop the drive out of the freenas box (vm) and put it in another pc running windows so I could try and run various recovery tools to get the data back. All in all its not a major problem if I lose the data just would be a bit annoying, so I'm not looking for suggestions around backing up etc. I was considering using NTFS that the drives are already formatted as but it appears that while freenas does support NTFS that its a bit buggy and not 100% reliable, anyone know if this is still true? Read that on a forum somewhere.

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• Is a ext3 Linux filesystem byte order independent

  - by Lothar

  I have a good old HP-C3700 Workstation with PA-RISC CPU here that I would like to use as a subversion server for a very large repository. I just worry what happens if the workstation dies (everybody who knows this computer knows that it is running like an Abrams tank and unlikely to happen in the next decade). I'm using Debian Linux on this system. If the mainboard dies can I just plug the SCSI drive into a PC and read the files from a normal Intel Linux PC? Which software RAID levels would be safe?

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• Common filesystem for servers behind a rackspace load balancer

  - by thanos panousis

  Our PHP application consists of a single web server that will receive files from clients and perform a CPU-intensive analysis on them. Right now, analysis of a single user upload can take 3sec to conclude and take 100% CPU. This makes our system capacity amount to 1/3 requests per second. My team's requirement is to increase capacity without a lot of code reengineering. A possible solution would be to set up a load balancer in front of multiple servers running the same app, connecting to a common DB. The problem is that the analysis outputs files on disk. A load balancer would increase capacity, but then files won't be available between servers so consequent client requests may fail. We are hosted on Rackspace, is there a way to configure some sort of "common" storage for all servers, without having to rewrite our file persistance code? Current code relies on simple fopens etc. What are our options?

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• How can I "shadow" the filesystem on Linux?

  - by happy_emi

  On a Linux environment sometimes I need to run a script as root which will add/modify serveral files on my fs. Basically I'd like to know exactly which files are modified and how WITHOUT opening the script and trying to guess the code. I was thinking about using something like unionfs: the main fs would be accessible in readonly mode and all changes are written on a file used as a partition and "mounted" in write mode. Are there other ways to achieve the same goal (i.e. other than unionfs)?

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• Moving files within an ext4 filesystem?

  - by HT74

  I'd like to decrease the access-time for some files by moving them to the beginning of the fs. Task 1: Clear a certain block range at the beginning of the fs (moving existing files to free space elsewhere). Task 2: Move the files in question to that block range (should be able to grow a bit). How would I do that?

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• What is the correct fstab entry for automounting a remote filesystem?

  - by user101815

  I'm running Kubuntu 13.10 and I'm trying to arrange for a remote filesystem to be automounted on startup. I have the following entry for it in fstab: hpmediavault:/shares/Volume1/FileShare /mnt/mediavault nfs auto,noatime,nolock,bg,nfsvers=3,intr,tcp,actimeo=1800 0 0 I can mount it perfectly well with sudo mount /mnt/mediavault But what does it take so that it will be mounted on startup with no explicit action on my part?

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• How does "rm" on a NTFS filesystem differs from Window's own implementation?

  - by DavideRossi

  I have an external USB disk with an NTFS filesystem on it. If I remove a file from Windows and I run one of the several "undelete" utilities (say, TestDisk) I can easily recover the file (because "it's still there but it's marked as deleted"). If I remove the file from Linux no utility (unless I use a deep-search signature-based one) can recover the file. Why? How is unlink implemented in Linux's NTFS file system code? It looks like it does not just "mark it as undeleted" but it wipes away some on-disk structure, is this the case?

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• Command line option to check which filesystem I am using?

  - by j-g-faustus

  Is there a command that will show which file system (ext3, ext4, FAT32, ...) the various partitions and disks are using? Similar to how sudo fdisk -l lists information about disks and partitions? Update Accepted the "mount" answer as mount works without specifying filesystem type (commenting out the relevant entries in fstab, if any): $ sudo mount /dev/sdf1 /mnt/tmp $ mount | grep /mnt/tmp /dev/sdf1 on /mnt/tmp type ext3 (rw) Found another option in ubuntuforums - blkid: # system disk $ sudo blkid /dev/sda1 /dev/sda1: UUID="...." TYPE="ext4" # USB disk: $ sudo blkid /dev/sdf1 /dev/sdf1: LABEL="backup" UUID="..." TYPE="ext3" # mdadm RAID: $ sudo blkid /dev/md0 /dev/md0: LABEL="raid" UUID="..." TYPE="ext4" Thanks for your help!

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• faking a filesystem / virtual filesystem

  - by attwad

  I have a web service to which users upload python scripts that are run on a server. Those scripts process files that are on the server and I want them to be able to see only a certain hierarchy of the server's filesystem (best: a temporary folder on which I copy the files I want processed and the scripts). The server will ultimately be a linux based one but if a solution is also possible on Windows it would be nice to know how. What I though of is creating a user with restricted access to folders of the FS - ultimately only the folder containing the scripts and files - and launch the python interpreter using this user. Can someone give me a better alternative? as relying only on this makes me feel insecure, I would like a real sandboxing or virtual FS feature where I could run safely untrusted code.

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• Boost Filesystem Library Visual C++ Compile Error

  - by John Miller

  I'm having the following issue just trying to compile/run some of the example programs with the Boost Filesystem Library. I'm using MS-Visual C++ with Visual Studio .NET (2003). I've installed the Boost libraries, version 1.38 and 1.39 (just in case there was a version problem) using the BoostPro installers. If I just try to include /boost/filesystem/operations.hpp I receive the following error: \boost_1_38\boost\system\error_code.hpp(230) : error C2039: 'type' : is not a member of 'boost::enable_if<boost::system::is_error_condition_enum<Cond,boost::detail::enable_if_default_T>' Any help is greatly appreciated. Thank you!

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• filesystem mounting problem

  - by user306988

  Hello, A DAS box is attached to my linux box using LSI SCSI HBA. Volume is properly detected on the linux box and filesystem is created using mkfs.ext2 /dev/sdc #No partition table I can not mount the volume using mount/dev/sdc /mnt/temp -t ext3 But I can mount it using mount /dev/sdc /mnt/temp -t ext3 -o loop Can anybody please tell me what "-o loop" option does internally? Has anybody faced this option before? Thanks in advance, prashant

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• How to save svg canvas to local filesystem

  - by dr jerry

  Is there a way to allow a user, after he has created a vector graph on a javascript svg canvas using a browser, to download this file to their local filesystem? SVG is a total new field for me so please be patient if my wording is not accurate. kind regards, Jeroen.

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• howto create a filesystem like /proc?

  - by mugenken

  I would like to create a pseudo filesystem like /proc to access an applications configuration. How could i achieve this or where could i find some introductory dokumentation about it?

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• The volume "filesystem root" has only 0 bytes disk space remaining?

  - by radek

  I installed 11.10 ~two weeks ago and run into some strange troubles recently. Installation was on brand new laptop with clear 128GB SSD. I opted for encrypting home directory. Apart from that I accepted defaults during the installation. There is no other OS on my laptop. I had circa 40GB in use when (for the third time) I got to see this very unpleasant window: Twice situation was pretty bad and whole system slowed down considerably. After reboot I could not login to graphical interface (with an error message informing about insufficient space) and had to remove some files from command line first. Third time I still managed to quickly delete some files and it helped. My laptop is mainly work environment: so no torrents, games, just two movies. Only media filling space are ~20GB of pictures, and bunch of pdfs. Working mostly on PostgreSQL & PostGIS, GeoServer and QGIS recently. Although I had lots of opportunities to test and practice my backups I would be extremely grateful if somebody could point me to any potential solutions to this problem. My laptop has been bought just before I installed Ubuntu, and it came without OS. Could that be hardware issue? Or is the encrypted home causing me headaches? Thanks for help! Update: As suggested by @maniat1k, here is current output of fdisk -l: WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sda'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted. Disk /dev/sda: 160.0 GB, 160041885696 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19457 cylinders, total 312581808 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 312581807 156290903+ ee GPT

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• Where can I find the application executables in the filesystem?

  - by richzilla

  Where are executables for programs stored in Ubuntu? An application (Komodo Edit) is asking me to identify an application to be used as a web browser. I've become used to just entering the application name as a command for situations such as these, but this scenario got me thinking. I know in Windows it would just be the relevant application folder in the 'program files' folder, but I'm assuming things are a bit different on Linux? I thought somewhere like bin would be logical but this appears to standard Linux/Unix applications. Where would I find the binary executable for applications stored on my system?

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• How to navigate to connected iPhone? Filesystem path to `afc://`?

  - by Torben Gundtofte-Bruun

  When I connect my iPhone to Ubuntu 11.10, it gets automounted as afc://ca60751cc4b1ebb427c2f9da324914b0643a21f8/ and I can see that there are photos stored in afc://ca60751cc4b1ebb427c2f9da324914b0643a21f8/DCIM/103APPLE. I would like to use programs to access these photo files, but they don't accept the afc:// protocol -- they accept only normal file system paths. Is there a "normal file system equivalent" to afc:// paths?

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• Compose path (with boost::filesystem)

  - by ypnos

  I have a file that describes input data, which is split into several other files. In my descriptor file, I first give the path A that tells where all the other files are found. The originator may set either a relative (to location of the descriptor file) or absolute path. When my program is called, the user gives the name of the descriptor file. It may not be in the current working directory, so the filename B given may also contain directories. For my program to always find the input files at the right places, I need to combine this information. If the path A given is absolute, I need to just that one. If it is relative, I need to concatenate it to the path B (i.e. directory portion of the filename). I thought boost::filesystem::complete may do the job for me. Unfortunately, it seems it is not. I also did not understand how to test wether a path given is absolute or not. Any ideas?

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