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• one primary key column foreign key to 2 other table columns.How to resolve data entry issue.

  - by Rohit

  I have a requirement according to which I have to create a central Login system.We have 2 things Corporate and Brand each represented by tables "Corporate" and "Brand". When a corporate gets registered,corporateID is given,When a user under that corporate gets registered there is a table corporateuser in which corporateID is a foreign key and CorporateUserID is a primary key.Similarly in the case of a brand. So we have CorporateUserId and BrandUserID. Now i have a table called RegisteredUsers in which i want to have corporate as well as brand users.UserID is a primary key in this table which is a foreign key to both corporateuser as well as Branduser. now when i enter a corporateuser,I do an entry to corporateuser as well as RegisteredUsers.When i enter CorporateUserID in userID for RegisteredUsers.It gives foreign key violation error. I fully understand this error.How can i achieve this.This requirement is very rigid.Please tell a workaround

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• Drop primary key index

  - by Ruwani

  Can I drop primary key index without dropping primary key constraint in postgresql?

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• BAD_UID error while exporting key in CryptoAPI

  - by mindthief

  Hi all, I am writing a test application for Microsoft CryptoAPI. I want to export the secret key of one party using the public key of the second party, and then import that secret key as the second party's secret key (this sets up a shared secret key for communication). Here is my code: if(!CryptExportKey(encryptT->hSymKey, decryptT->hPubKey, SIMPLEBLOB, 0, keyExBuf, &bufLen)) { FormattedDebugPrint(NULL, GetLastError(), "could not export secret key", TRUE); return -1; } if(!CryptImportKey(decryptT->hCryptProv, keyExBuf, bufLen, decryptT->hPubKey, 0, &(decryptT->hSymKey))) { FormattedDebugPrint(NULL, GetLastError(), "could not import secret key", TRUE); return -1; } And this gives the error: 80090001: Bad UID. The public keypair is being generated for both encryptT and decryptT (sender, receiver) by calling: CryptGenKey(encryptT->hCryptProv, CALG_RSA_KEYX, CRYPT_EXPORTABLE, &(encryptT->hPubKey)) Any idea what could be causing the error? Thanks,

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• Multiple Foriegn Keys from One Table linking to single Primary Key in second Table

  - by croker10

  Hi all, I have a database with three tables, a household table, an adults table and a users table. The Household table contains two foreign keys, iAdult1ID and iAdult2ID. The Users table has a iUserID primary key and the Adult table has a corresponding iUserID foreign key. One of the columns in the Users table is strUsername, an e-mail address. I am trying to write a query that will allow me to search for an e-mail address for either adult that has a relation to the household. So I have two questions, assuming that all the values are not null, how can I do this? And two, in reality, iAdult2ID can be null, is it still possible to write a query to do this? Thanks for your help. Let me know if you need any more information.

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• Bind the windows key to Lubuntu start menu

  - by abel

  I am running Lubuntu 11.10. By default the main menu is bound to Alt+F1 (A-F1) which works. Here is the relevant code from ~/.config/openbox/lubuntu-rc.xml <keybind key="A-F1"> <action name="Execute"> <command>lxpanelctl menu</command> </action> </keybind> This works. When I hit Alt+F1, I can see the start menu. If I change the keys to "Windows key + M" (W-m), I can pull up the start menu using Win+M <keybind key="W-m"> <action name="Execute"> <command>lxpanelctl menu</command> </action> </keybind> However, I cannot bind the start menu to the Windows key alone. If I try replacing "W-m" by "W", the "W" alphabet key gets bound to the start menu. If I try "W-" nothing happens, I have tried the "Super" option too but to no avail. How can I bind the Lubuntu main menu to the windows Key? I have been through some relevant lubuntu questions, like this one, which tries to do the opposite. How do I unbind Super key from menu in Lubuntu

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• Three level database - foreign keys

  - by poke

  I have a three level database with the following structure (simplified to only show the primary keys): Table A: a_id Table B: a_id, b_id Table C: a_id, b_id, c_id So possible values for table C would be something like this: a_id b_id c_id 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 ... I am now unsure, how foreign keys should be set; or if they should be set for the primary keys at all. My idea was to have a foreign key on table B B.a_id -> A.a_id, and two foreign key on C C.a_id -> A.a_id and ( C.a_id, C.b_id ) -> ( B.a_id, B.b_id ). Is that the way I should set up the foreign keys? Is the foreign key from C->A necessary? Or do I even need foreign keys at all given that all those columns are part of the primary keys? Thanks.

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• MySQL whats wrong with my foreign keys?

  - by Skiy

  Hello, what is wrong with the two foreign keys which I have marked with comments? create database db; use db; create table Flug( Flugbez varchar(20), FDatum Date, Ziel varchar(20), Flugzeit int, Entfernung int, Primary Key (Flugbez, FDatum)); create table Flugzeugtyp( Typ varchar(20), Hersteller varchar(20), SitzAnzahl int, Reisegeschw int, primary key (Typ) ); create table flugzeug( Typ varchar(20), SerienNr int, AnschDatum Date, FlugStd int, primary key(Typ,SerienNr), foreign key(Typ) references Flugzeugtyp(Typ)); create table Abflug( Flugbez varchar(20), FDatum Date, Typ varchar(20), Seriennr int, Kaptaen varchar(20), Primary key(Flugbez,FDatum,Typ,SerienNr), Foreign key(Flugbez) references Flug(Flugbez), -- Foreign key(FDatum) references Flug(FDatum), Foreign key(Typ) references Flugzeugtyp(Typ) -- ,Foreign key(SerienNr) references Flugzeug(SerienNr) ); When I uncomment these, I get: ERROR 1005 (HY000): Can't create table 'db.abflug' (errno: 150)

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• How to assign the array key a value, when the key name is itself a variable

  - by Matrym

  How do I identify an item in a hash array if the key of the array is only known within a variable? For example: var key = "myKey"; var array = {myKey: 1, anotherKey: 2}; alert(array.key); Also, how would I assign a value to that key, having identified it with the variable? This is, of course, assuming that I must use the variable key to identify which item in the array to alert. Thanks in advance!

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• mysql complex key or + auto increment key (guid)

  - by darko

  Hi, I have not very big db. I am using auto increment primary keys and in my case there is no problem with that. GUID is not necessary. I have a table containing this fields: from_destination to_testination shipper quantity Where the fields 1,2,3 needs to be unique. Also I have second table that for the fields 1,2,3 stores bought quantities per day One to many. from_destination to_destination shipper date reserved_quantity case 1 Is it better to make fields 1,2,3 as primary complex key in the first table and the same fields in the second table to be foreign key First table from_destination | to_destination | primary shipper | quaitity Second table second_id - autoincrement primary from_destination | to_destination | foreign key shipper | date reserved_quantity Case 2 or just to add auto increment filed in the first table and make fields 1,2,3 unique. In the second table there will be one ingeger foreign key pointing to the first table, and one auto increment key for the table. First table first_id - autoincrement primary from_destination | to_destination | unique shipper | quaitity Second table second_id - autoincrement primary first_id - forein date reserved_quantity If so why we need complex keys, when we can have one field auto increment or GUID and all other fields that are candidates for complex key to be unique. Regards

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• JUJU and ERROR environment has no access-key or secret-key

  - by Riccardo Magrini

  following the official guide: [1]https://juju.ubuntu.com/docs/config-maas.html and considered that I've generated the ssh key (added it to UI of MAAS) and the API key, my environments.yaml file presents in this way: environments: maas: type: maas maas-server: 'http://x.x.x.x/MAAS/' maas-oauth: 'NDPA86PsEzS7bFynSy:vqJLkyHUJbvYzbtY5Q:sXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX admin-secret: 'nothing' default-series: precise authorized-keys-path: ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub # or any file you want. when I try to run the command: juju bootstrap receive the following error: ERROR environment has no access-key or secret-key Someone can explain me where is the wrong? MAAS and JUJU are installed using their ppa stable on an Ubuntu 12.04.3 Server

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• Encryption Product Keys : Public and Private key encryption

  - by Aran Mulholland

  I need to generate and validate product keys and have been thinking about using a public/private key system. I generate our product keys based on a client name (which could be a variable length string) a 6 digit serial number. It would be good if the product key would be of a manageable length (16 characters or so) I need to encrypt them at the base and then distrubute the decryption/validation system. As our system is written in managed code (.NET) we dont want to distribute the encryption system, only the decryption. I need a public private key seems a good way to do this, encrypt with the one key that i keep and distribute the other key needed for decrpytion/verification. What is an appropriate mechanism to do this with the above requirements?

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• Foreign key reference to a two-column primary key

  - by Adam Ernst

  One of my tables has a two-column primary key: CREATE TABLE tournament ( state CHAR(2) NOT NULL, year INT NOT NULL, etc..., PRIMARY KEY(state, year) ); I want a reference to the tournament table from another table, but I want this reference to be nullable. Here's how I might do it, imagining that a winner doesn't necessarily have a tournament: CREATE TABLE winner ( name VARCHAR NOT NULL, state CHAR(2) NULL, year INT NULL ); If state is null but year is not, or vice-versa, the table would be inconsistent. I believe the following FOREIGN KEY constraint fixes it: ALTER TABLE winner ADD CONSTRAINT FOREIGN KEY fk (name, state) REFERENCES tournament (name, state); Is this the proper way of enforcing consistency? Is this schema properly normalized?

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• Primary Key Identity Value Increments On Unique Key Constraint Violation

  - by Jed

  I have a SqlServer 2008 table which has a Primary Key (IsIdentity=Yes) and three other fields that make up a Unique Key constraint. In addition I have a store procedure that inserts a record into the table and I call the sproc via C# using a SqlConnection object. The C# sproc call works fine, however I have noticed interesting results when the C# sproc call violates the Unique Key constraint.... When the sproc call violates the Unique Key constraint, a SqlException is thrown - which is no surprise and cool. However, I notice that the next record that is successfully added to the table has a PK value that is not exactly one more than the previous record - For example: Say the table has five records where the PK values are 1,2,3,4, and 5. The sproc attempts to insert a sixth record, but the Unique Key constraint is violated and, so, the sixth record is not inserted. Then the sproc attempts to insert another record and this time it is successful. - This new record is given a PK value of 7 instead of 6. Is this normal behavior? If so, can you give me a reason why this is so? (If a record fails to insert, why is the PK index incremented?) If this is not normal behavior, can you give me any hints as to why I am seeing these symptoms?

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• SQL Server 2008: The columns in table do not match an existing primary key or unique constraint

  - by 109221793

  Hi guys, I need to make some changes to a SQL Server 2008 database. This requires the creation of a new table, and inserting a foreign key in the new table that references the Primary key of an already existing table. So I want to set up a relationship between my new tblTwo, which references the primary key of tblOne. However when I tried to do this (through SQL Server Management Studio) I got the following error: The columns in table 'tblOne' do not match an existing primary key or UNIQUE constraint I'm not really sure what this means, and I was wondering if there was any way around it?

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• MySQL Error 1452 - Cannot add or update a child row: a foreign key constraint fails

  - by dscher

  I've looked at other people's questions on this topic but can't seem to find where my error is coming from. Any help would be greatly appreciated. I'm including as much as I can think of that might help find the problem: CREATE TABLE stocks ( id INT AUTO_INCREMENT NOT NULL, user_id INT(11) UNSIGNED NOT NULL, ticker VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL, name VARCHAR(20), rating INT(11), position ENUM("strong buy", "buy", "sell", "strong sell", "neutral"), next_look DATE, privacy ENUM("public", "private"), PRIMARY KEY(id), FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `stocks_tags` ( `stock_id` INT NOT NULL, `tag_id` INT NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`stock_id`,`tag_id`), KEY `fk_stock_tag` (`tag_id`), KEY `fk_tag_stock` (`stock_id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; ALTER TABLE `stocks_tags` ADD CONSTRAINT `fk_stock_tag` FOREIGN KEY (`tag_id`) REFERENCES `tags` (`id`) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ADD CONSTRAINT `fk_tag_stock` FOREIGN KEY (`stock_id`) REFERENCES `stocks` (`id`) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE; CREATE TABLE tags( id INT AUTO_INCREMENT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, tags VARCHAR(30), UNIQUE(tags) ) ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; And the error I'm getting: Database_Exception [ 1452 ]: Cannot add or update a child row: a foreign key constraint fails (`ddmachine`.`stocks_tags`, CONSTRAINT `fk_stock_tag` FOREIGN KEY (`tag_id`) REFERENCES `tags` (`id`) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE) [ INSERT INTO `stocks_tags` (`stock_id`, `tag_id`) VALUES (19, 'cash') ] I did see that someone else had a similar problem based on their enum columns but don't think that's it.

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• Pros and cons of programmatically enforcing foreign key than in database

  - by Jeffrey

  It is causing so much trouble in terms of development just by letting database enforcing foreign key. Especially during unit test I can’t drop table due to foreign key constrains, I need to create table in such an order that foreign key constrain warning won’t get triggered. In reality I don’t see too much point of letting database enforcing the foreign key constrains. If the application has been properly designed there should not be any manual database manipulation other than select queries. I just want to make sure that I am not digging myself into a hole by not having foreign key constrains in database and leaving it solely to the application’s responsibility. Am I missing anything? P.S. my real unit tests (not those that use mocking) will drop existing tables if the structure of underlying domain object has been modified.

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• Working with foreign keys - cannot insert

  - by Industrial

  Hi everyone! Doing my first tryouts with foreign keys in a mySQL database and are trying to do a insert, that fails for this reason: Integrity constraint violation: 1452 Cannot add or update a child row: a foreign key constraint fails Does this mean that foreign keys restrict INSERTS as well as DELETES and/or UPDATES on each table that is enforced with foreign keys relations? Thanks! Updated description: Products ---------------------------- id | type ---------------------------- 0 | 0 1 | 3 ProductsToCategories ---------------------------- productid | categoryid ---------------------------- 0 | 0 1 | 1 Product table has following structure CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `alpha`.`products` ( `id` MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT , `type` TINYINT(2) UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT 0 , PRIMARY KEY (`id`) , CONSTRAINT `prodsku` FOREIGN KEY (`id` ) REFERENCES `alpha`.`productsToSku` (`product` ) ON DELETE CASCADE, ON UPDATE CASCADE) ENGINE = InnoDB;

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• SSH Public Key - No supported authentication methods available (server sent public key)

  - by F21

  I have a 12.10 server setup in a virtual machine with its network set to bridged (essentially will be seen as a computer connected to my switch). I installed opensshd via apt-get and was able to connect to the server using putty with my username and password. I then set about trying to get it to use public/private key authentication. I did the following: Generated the keys using PuttyGen. Moved the public key to /etc/ssh/myusername/authorized_keys (I am using encrypted home directories). Set up sshd_config like so: PubkeyAuthentication yes AuthorizedKeysFile /etc/ssh/%u/authorized_keys StrictModes no PasswordAuthentication no UsePAM yes When I connect using putty or WinSCP, I get an error saying No supported authentication methods available (server sent public key). If I run sshd in debug mode, I see: PAM: initializing for "username" PAM: setting PAM_RHOST to "192.168.1.7" PAM: setting PAM_TTY to "ssh" userauth-request for user username service ssh-connection method publickey [preauth] attempt 1 failures 0 [preauth] test whether pkalg/pkblob are acceptable [preauth[ Checking blacklist file /usr/share/ssh/blacklist.RSA-1023 Checking blacklist file /etc/ssh/blacklist.RSA-1023 temporarily_use_uid: 1000/1000 (e=0/0) trying public key file /etc/ssh/username/authorized_keys fd4 clearing O_NONBLOCK restore_uid: 0/0 Failed publickey for username from 192.168.1.7 port 14343 ssh2 Received disconnect from 192.168.1.7: 14: No supported authentication methods available [preauth] do_cleanup [preauth] monitor_read_log: child log fd closed do_cleanup PAM: cleanup Why is this happening and how can I fix this?

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• does the order a composite key is defined matter?

  I have a table with (col1,col2) as a composite primary key. create table twokeytable(col1 int,col2 int,constraint twokeytable_pk primary key (col1,col2)); and another table with col3,col4 collumns witha composite foreign key(col3,col4) which references the(col1,col2) primary key. For some processing I need to drop the foreign key and primary constraints .While restoring the constraints does order of the keys matter?. are these same? create table fktwokeytable(col3 int,col4 int,constraint fkaddfaa_fk foreign key(col4,col3) references twokeytable(col1,col2)) and create table fktwokeytable(col3 int,col4 int,constraint fkaddfaa_fk foreign key(col3,col4) references twokeytable(col1,col2))

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• Standard way to hash an RSA key?

  - by Adam J.R. Erickson

  What's the algorithm for creating hash (sha-1 or MD5) of an RSA public key? Is there a standard way to do this? Hash just the modulus, string addition of both and then take a hash? Is SHA-1 or MD5 usually used? I want to use it to ensure that I got the right key (have the sender send a hash, and I calculate it myself), and log said hash so I always know which exact key I used when I encrypt the payload.

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• Entity Relationships - Can a weak entity take part in a 'one to many' relationship as the 'one'

  - by jonos

  Hi, With the following entity relationship structure I'm struggling to figure out if the relationship between the LOAN and ITEM is valid? The weak entity of Loan uses a partial key of 'loan_dateLeant' and the primary keys from CUSTOMER and ITEM to form its primary key. However LOAN has a 'one to many' relationship with ITEM as a loan can consist of more than one item. But surely this means that if more than one item is loaned, then the loan record will have two item_id values for part of its primary key?

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• Poll Results: Foreign Key Constraints

  - by Darren Gosbell

  A few weeks ago I did the following post asking people – if they used foreign key constraints in their star schemas. The poll is still open if you are interested in adding to it, but here is what the chart looks like as of today. (at the bottom of the poll itself there is a link to the live results, unfortunately I cannot link the live results in here as the blogging platform blocks the required javascript)   Interestingly the results are fairly even. Of the 78 respondents, fractionally over half at least aim to start with referential integrity in their star schemas. I did not want to influence the results by sharing my opinion, but my personal preference is to always aim to have foreign key constraints. But at the same time, I am pragmatic about it, I do have projects where for various reasons some constraints are not defined. And I also have other designs that I have inherited, where it would just be too much work to go back and add foreign key constraints. If you are going to implement foreign keys in your star schema, they really need to be there at the start. In fact this poll was was the result of a feature request for BIDSHelper asking for a feature to check for null/missing foreign keys and I am entirely convinced that BIDS is the wrong place for this sort of functionality. BIDS is a design tool, your data needs to be constantly checked for consistency. It's not that I think that it's impossible to get a design working without foreign key constraints, but I like the idea of failing as soon as possible if there is an error and enforcing foreign key constraints lets me "fail early" if there are constancy issues with my data. By far the biggest concern with foreign keys is performance and I suppose I'm curious as to how often people actually measure and quantify this. I worked on a project a number of years ago that had very large data volumes and we did find that foreign key constraints did have a measurable impact, but what we did was to disable the constraints before loading the data, then enabled and checked them afterwards. This saved as time (although not as much as not having constraints at all), but still let us know early in the process if there were any consistency issues. For the people that do not have consistent data, if you have ETL processes that you control that are building your star schema which you also control, then to be blunt you only have yourself to blame. It is the job of the ETL process to make the data consistent. There are techniques for handling situations like missing data as well as  early and late arriving data. Ralph Kimball's book – The Data Warehouse Toolkit goes through some design patterns for handling data consistency. Having foreign key relationships can also help the relational engine to optimize queries as noted in this recent blog post by Boyan Penev

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• violation of primary key constraint .Cannot insert duplicate key in object using ADO

  - by CREFLY

  Hi All we are working on a users apllication using Access2003(VBA) as software language and SQL Server 2005 as database. We are using ADO method and we encounter a problem. when users create new record in a ADO Screen and they want to save the record after implementing it they receive this error : error -2147217873 violation of primary key constraint 'PK_ '.Cannot insert duplicate key in object 'Pk_...' Any help will be appreciated Thanks in advance

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• foreign key and index issue

  - by George2

  Hello everyone, I am using SQL Server 2008 Enterprise. I have a table and one of its column is referring to another column in another table (in the same database) as foreign key, here is the related SQL statement, in more details, column [AnotherID] in table [Foo] refers to another table [Goo]'s column [GID] as foreign key. [GID] is primary key and clustered index on table [Goo]. My question is, in this way, if I do not create index on [AnotherID] column on [Foo] explicitly, will there be an index created automatically for [AnotherID] column on [Foo] -- because its foreign key reference column [GID] on table [Goo] already has primary clustered key index? CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Foo]( [ID] [bigint] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL, [AnotherID] [int] NULL, [InsertTime] [datetime] NULL CONSTRAINT DEFAULT (getdate()), CONSTRAINT [PK_Foo] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ( [ID] ASC )WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY] ) ON [PRIMARY] ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Foo] WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [FK_Foo] FOREIGN KEY([Goo]) REFERENCES [dbo].[Goo] ([GID]) ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Foo] CHECK CONSTRAINT [FK_Foo] thanks in advance, George

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• Using datetime float representation as primary key

  - by devanalyst

  From my experience I have learn that using an surrogate INT data type column as primary key esp. an IDENTITY key column offers better performance than using GUID or char/varchar data type column as primary key. I try to use IDENTITY key as primary key wherever possible. But recently I came across a schema where the tables were horizontally partitioned and were managed via a Partitioned view. So the tables could not have an IDENTITY column since that would make the Partitioned View non updatable. One work around for this was to create a dummy 'keygenerator' table with an identity column to generate IDs for primary key. But this would mean having a 'keygenerator' table for each of the Partitioned View. My next thought was to use float as a primary key. The reason is the following key algorithm that I devised DECLARE @KEY FLOAT SET @KEY = CONVERT(FLOAT,GETDATE())/100000.0 SET @KEY = @EMP_ID + @KEY Heres how it works. CONVERT(FLOAT,GETDATE()) gives float representation of current datetime since internally all datetime are represented by SQL as a float value. CONVERT(FLOAT,GETDATE())/100000.0 converts the float representation into complete decimal value i.e. all digits are pushed to right side of ".". @KEY = @EMP_ID + @KEY adds the Employee ID which is an integer to this decimal value. The logic is that the Employee ID is guaranteed to be unique across sessions since an employee cannot connect to an application more than once at the same time. And for the same employee each time a key will be generated the current datetime will be unique. In all an unique key across all employee sessions and across time. So for Emp Ids 11 and 12, I have key values like 12.40046693321566357, 11.40046693542361111 But my concern whether float data type as primary key offer benefits compared to choosing GUID or char/varchar as primary keys. Also important thing is because of partitioning the float column is going to be part of a composite key.

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